The Drawing Center's
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heimer Clarin SarahOppen a Bezzola H allwa y
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SarahOppenheimer Ha ll w ay Room Drawing Center's TheDrawing 4o WoosterStreet,NewYork
8,2oo2 May3-June ClarinaBezzola Ftu id Room Drawing Center's TheDrawing 40 WoosterStreet,NewYork
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HallwayandHuid havebeenmadepossiblethroughthe generoussupportof Foundation. of TheGreenwall Commission the OscarM. Ruebhausen
The Drawing Center's
DRA\TIILG PAPI.RS heime r S a r ahO ppen Hallway
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betweenwallsand behavior. into the relationship Hallwayisa stagein an ongoinginvestigation Ge n e r aPr l in cip L e s: Mostinteriorwatlsaremadeof drywalL-apageof paperstretchedacrossplaster-altowingfor masspro' 1.Wal[sarestandardized. surface. a seamLess dryw alform l l e e tso f in sta L teadn dfi ni shed d u ctio nld . e n ticash 2. Waltsproducethe conditionsof livingto the sameextentthat the conditionsof livingproducethe formsof walls.Thestandardto al l ow sthe archi tect dryw alpanel L ofthe standard Massproducti on condi ti ons. h i stori cal iza tio no fwa llsis a p r o d u cto fsp e cific produce of l i vi ng. condi ti ons Thesestructures d tsi n the desi gnof a structure. r a p id lya m a ssa se to f p r e - d e te r m inueni user.Whena bui l di nghasmorethana si ngl e or exi sti ng of an i magi ned d e sig n str s u ctu r ebsa sedon the behavi or 3 . T h ea r ch ite ct m us t vari es, the archi tect of mul ti pl eusers.S i ncehumanbehavi or to sui tthe behavi ors e u stb e e n visioned o ccu p a nth t, e str u ctu r m co n sid eth r e n e e d so f m u ltip leu se r s. affectbehavior. 4. WalLs
Hallway Then,in orderto determinehowvariationsin withoutalteringits frameconstruction. Haltwaymodifiesa space'sdrywatlto allowit to be reconfigured on the mostfundamental fromthesetestscanthenaffectdesigndecisions a seriesof controlledtestsarerun.ResuLts affectbehavior, wallconfiguration of thew atlsurface. sheetandthe confi gurati on I r th e standard in clu d inth g e ch o iceo f m a te r iafo a n dm i n i s c u loef L e ve ls, Materials:
A 4'x 8'sheeti s l ai dovera metalor w oodenscaff otd. i s basedon a si mpl epri nci pLe. Co Dr Vwa lL : n str u ctiounsin gsta n d a r d r yw aLt T h issta n d a r sh d e e tis th e b a sicu n itin manyi nteri orw al l s. panel:TheDrawingRoom'swaltusuallyconsistsofstandardfire-codedrywallpanels.Forthisproject,thesepanelsareremoved for usein the Hlllwayproiect,arc and replacedby surrogatepanels,4'x 8'x 5/8". Thesesurrogatepanels,designedspecificatly Panelscan be foLdedinto and delivery. paperpackaging material,allowingfor easeof construction out of inexpensive constructed e ngve lo p easn dse n tth r o ughthe mai l . se lf- co n ta in in is then laminatedto the coreto createa forminga foldingcore.Cardboard TwosheetsofTyvekpaperwrapslicesof cardboard, andreassemfor shi ppi ng, andthenunfol ded wa llsu r fa ceT.h ep a nelcanthusbe fol dedi ntoa boxstructure r ig ida n dr e p a ir a b le into threedifferent Thepanets,onceunfotded,canbe assembLed printeddirecttyon the surface. to instructions bLedaccording the or reduci ng hasthe effectof expandi ng of theseposi ti ons As i n ori gamieach , p o sitio n s: fla t,co m p r e sseadn, dp a r titioned. sp a cein , th isca seb y fo ld in gth e sin g le4'x 8' sheet.
Test:
affecthumanmovement. areshipped,installed,andtested.Testsdeterminehowchangesin walLconfiguration Oncebuitt,paneLs the subjectto takethe of the panelsencourage Whatconfigurations Hallwayis designedto answerthe fotlowingtwo questions: the subiectto stepfurthestfromthe waLlsurface? ofthe panelsencourage shortestroutethroughthe space?Whatconfigurations
Hypothesis:
A. ThesubjectwiLlbe mostlikelyto takethe shortestroutethroughthe hallwaywhenall panelsarefoldedinto their most ( Se e"No r tha n dSo uthWal l s,TestGroup4, Posi ti on r e ce ssepdo sitio n s. 4.") positions.(See"NorthandSouthWalls, B.Thesubjectwill stepfurthestfromthe waLtwhenthe panelsarein theirmostcompressed TestGroup1, Position1.")
DrawingRoom.Panelsareinstalledin the northandsouthwatls,temporarity Testpreparation:Sixteenpanelsareinstalledin TheDrawingCenter's Thefirst positionof the panelscreatesa corridorfromthe entranceto the rearof the the exhibitionspaceinto a halLway. converting at the far endof the roomthat actsas a focus space.(See"Northand SouthWalls,TestGroup1,Positionr.") Thereis a tabLepLaced On the tabLeis a seriesof perforated77"x 77" pagesthat displaythe resultsof eachphaseof of interestand motivatescirculation. th ete stse q u e n ce . to in postedflyersandseverallocalpapers.Subiectsarescreened advertisement Testsubiectsaresolicitedthrougha ctassified ofThe DrawingCenter. insurethat theyhaveno priorknowledge asksthe TestSequence: Thesubiectentersthe DrawingRoom.Thesubjectis instructedto readand signa consentform.Thetest administrator a formaski ngfor basi cdemographl c on thetabl e,andthencompl ete su b je ctto wa lkto th e fa re n do f th e r o om,vi ewthe materi aL onnai re, i nformi ng the subi ectthathi s fol l ow sthedemographiquesti c ofthe experi ment in fo r m a tio A n .b r ie fo u tlinoefth e p u r p ose Thenthe subi ectreturnsto the frontof the room.Thew al ksto an d to w atlstructure. o r h e rm o ve m e nist b e in gstu d ie din r e lati on Thisfootageresultsin two differentdatasets.Thetwo datasetsarecomvideocameras. fromthe tabLearerecordedon conceaLed Whenthe subiectreturnsto the on the patternof his or her movement. Daredto determinethe effectof the subiect'sawareness e n tr a n ceth, ete stis co m p L e te . Themeanpaththroughthe spaceis determined. the walk,datais computed. Afterthe first eighttest subjectshavecompleted proximityto the walls.lf a meanfootstepfallswithin1 foot of the as a resuttof pedestrian structureis reconfigured ThehalLway panelsandcompressed arefoldedinto compressed panets,the wallswill recedein orderto creategreaterfloorspace.Partitions WithinOneFootof Northor SouthWalt'") WhenMeanFootstep panelsinto flat paneLs andviceversa.(See"PossiblePermutations A secondtest group Theperforated77"x 77" pagesdepictboththe meanandthe individual footstepsin the test configuration. the datais computedandthe spacealtered. the maneuver, walksthroughthe space.Again,aftereightsublectshaveperformed FinaL resultsaredisinformation. to demographic according and analyzed configurations in fourconsecutive Testsareadministered will be runoncea week. Experiments playedon the tableand postedat www.foldingenterprises.com. to Exhi bi ti on: Investi gati on G e n e r aCl o n c lu sio na sb o u tth e Re la tio n shoipf Re se a r ch p roj ectand,i n so doi ng,w al ksthroughthe spacei n muchthe samemannerasthetestsu bT h eg a lle r yvisito rvie wsth isr e se a r ch of visits,visitorscanobservechangesin the configuration the galleryvisitoris not the objectof study.OvermuLtipLe iects.However, gaLl ery the vi ew erandtestsubi ectassi gns betw een Thi sdi sti ncti on bei ngobserved. t e iro wnb e havi or th ewa I p a n e ts- with o uth tw o di sti nc t si te,supporti ng si teandas an exhi bi ti on as botha research T hespacefuncti ons Dr a win Ro g o mtwo d istin ctfu n ctio n s. kindsof humanactivitv. andb) the casualnav i condi ti ons i n control l ed underobservati on a) humanbehavi or b e tw een d iffe r e n ce It is th isd istin ctio n - th e of controlledstudy.lt is the formerkindof behavior-forthe purthe importance gationof the unobserved visitor-that emphasizes the standard uni tof codi fied Thi ssubi ectbecomes the meansubi ect. creates p o seo f r e se a r ch d n di ti ons-that u n d e rco n tr o L leco h u m a nb e h a vio r .
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Likethe meantest subiect,the drywallpanelis a standardunit withina largerstructure. Thehaltwaytestsillustratehow atterations to a standardwall unit affecthumanmovement andthuscreatestandardized behavior. Thecontrolledstudy atlowsfor inferences to be drawnfromthe specificsiteofthe DrawingRoomto hallwaysin general,in the sensethat they program. implyan architectural Hallwoyis as mucha research investigation as an art project.Thedesignof the panelallowsfor the implementation of the test anywhere. Prepackaged unitscanbe shippedto anysiteandassembled in anyconfiguration. Thestandardization of the panelallowsidenticalteststo be conducted in multiptelocationsand communities. Testresultsareamassedand analyzed,and datais then postedat www.foldingenterprises.com. Resutts ofcompletedtestsincludemaps,videofootage, andtheoretical conclusions basedon anatysisofthe data. Designs derivedfromsuchanalysisaltertherelationship betweenthe watlandthe footstep,whichis the articulation of humanbehaviormosteasilymappedas a representative mark.Theaccumulation of footstepsnowbecomes a primary drawingtool,a tool that continually sketches the possibilities of space.Thuswallscanbe designedand reconfigured to patternforcesa newchange. respondto the footstep.In fact,theybecomea finalandusabledrawinguntila newcirculation
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The Drawing Center's
ClarinaBezzola F lu id
"My soul is a hidden orchestra;I know not what instruments, what fiddlestrings and harps, drums and tambours I sound and clash inside myself. All I hear is the symphony." -Fernando Pessoa,The Book of Disquiet
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My early work was inspired by medieval body armor, "metal skins" that protected their wearersfrom forcescausingfeelingsof vulnerability and weakness.The medium used in this body of work was primarily metal. Initially, my investigationof these"barriers"and "skins" was focusedon their cold and monochromaric physicality. This study ultimately evolved inward, toward the psychological side of protection. One technique in the creation of skins and barriers in my own work came to involve the use of flower patterns.This distractiveelementwas deliberateand aimed at diminishing the transparencyof my forms, Preoccupyingthe viewer with surfacerather than their inner life. I like ugly things-they tell the truth. Pretty things often seemto lie. Although they are beautiful, the flowers in my work are hypocritical. They cover things up. Shelterhas a dichotomous aspect:Protection can slowly lead to suffocation,with the becoming apparentonly when it is too late. Upon the discoveryof this, consequences the hollownessof my earlier work gaveway to an opening. I found a new confidencein myself, and viewerswere allowed accessto the inside of my work, both literally and figuratively. My choice of materials included glassfor its transparencyand tubes for their connectivity. My work is of my body. Self-referentialforms are cast from the prototyPe of my Physicality. They reside within the spaceof this gallery, yet they should always be thought of as part of me. Indeed, much of my work is worn on my body. It is both an extension and a protection. My work expandedspatially,as if this need to communicate with the outside world left no other choice than to think in terms of spaceand installation. Forms do, however, have their limitations. Performance seemedlike a natural step forward. In my piece Lamentation, which I will perform at The Drawing Center, I sing an operatic improvisation,dressedin my sculpture.It is an experienceof completeexPosuresharedbetween the viewer and myself there is no barrier, there is no skin.
TheDrawingCenter'sexhibitions Thisis number3o of the DrawingPapers,a seriesof publicationsdocumenting and publicprogramsand providinga forumfor the studyof drawing.fhe DrowingPaperspublicationseriesis printed on MonadnockDulcet:.oo#SmoothTextand 8o# DulcetSmoothCover. Thezoor-zoo2seasonof the DrowingPopersis madepossibte,in part,with publicfundsfromthe VisualArts Programofthe NewYorkStateCouncilon the Arts,a stateagency.
w iR s h e sto th a n k : S enar O ppe H H ET ME T heLowerE a s Si t d ePri n tS h o p ,R teOts x t,At-tcteW nneo, Meneunntte B vnum Ct anr r e B ez z o t-n 'ws o rk a programof JohnMichaelKohlerArt Centerand KohlerCo. wasmadein partthroughArt/lndustry, S heals owish e sto th a n kT rru o rrvB e s n s n .
Board of Directors Dr r nA m onv ,Ge o n eE N e en o p o trttEC, o -C hoi rmen F nnlc r s B e n rrv Ao l e n , M El v n B u c rs e n u M ,JaMesM. C l rnx, Jn.,Fnnl crs D trrME R , , u c eW . FeneusoHW , enH enH . K R A MA R S K Y , Cor - r NE r s lr n , E l rz n a rtH F A c ro RBn A aev Lr r eH ,Wrr-l rn nS. i r L re e rn Mn NMtc , H A E Lvtte, L E l tzl aerH R oH A TyN *E,ntcC . R uotH , DR.A LLE NLEeS e s s o | rs ,J E AN NC E. T x a y E n * ,E ow l no H . Tucr, A N onenW ooD N E R Director CnrHenrHror ZrcxEn, Executive *Emerita
The Drawing Center 35 WoosterStreet NewYork,NY1oo13 feL 272-279-2t66 Fa\ 272-966-2976 www.drawingcenter.org
A onmLex r e n , E x e c u ti vEd e i to r Luc Denv c x E,D e s i g n e r @ zoozTheDrawingCenter