AACHARY NARENDRA DEV KE UCCHA - SHIKSHA KE SAMBANDH ME VICHAR (EK VISHLESHANATMAK ADHYAYAN)

Scholarly Research Journal for Humanity Science & English Language, Online ISSN 2348-3083, SJ IMPACT FACTOR 2017: 5.068, www.srjis.com PEER REVIEWED & REFERRED JOURNAL, JUNE-JULY, 2019, VOL- 7/34

Brijesh Kumar Sharma, Ph. D. Principal, Ch. Natthu Singh Yadav P G College, Dihuli, Mainpuri Abstract

vius vUnj lekfgr djs vkSj og .kqrk dk fuekZ.k dj O;fDr lekt vkSj jk” Vª ds dY;k.k gsrq lektoknh lekt dh jpuk dj ldus esa l{ke gksA mRrjnkf;Ro O;fDrxr iz;klks]a jkT; rFkk dsUnzh; ljdkj] rhuksa dk gSA gesa buds egRo dks Lohdkj djuk pkfg, ] uSfrd ,oa ekufld ewY;] iquO;kZ[;k] xq.kkRed Scholarly Research Journal's is licensed Based on a work at www.srjis.com

dk;ZØeksa dks n`f"Vxr

|ky; ds tks iz/kku y{; gks ldrs gSa] os gSa& uohu Kku ,oa lR; dh [kkst djuk] thou ds leLr {ks=ksa ds fy, mfpr izdk

kfDr;ksa dk fodkl

djuk rFkk mfpr :fp;ksa] n`f"Vdks.kksa rFkk uSfrd ,oa ekufld ewY;ksa dks tUe nsuk( lekt dks d`f"k] dyk] fpfdRlk] foKku] izk| S ksfxdh rFkk vU; O;olk;ksa ds

k iznku

djuk ftuesa lkekftdrk dh Hkkoukvksa dk fodkl fd;k x;k gks] lkekftd rFkk lkaLd`frd vUrjksa dks de vkSj muds ek/;e ls lekt e

Vdks.kksa ,oa ekU;rkvksa dks c<+kok nsuk tks

O;fDr;ksa rFkk lekt dks ,d vPNk tho k mRrjnkf;Roksa dks Hkh iwjk djuk gksxkA bu mRrjnkf;Roksa dks iwjk djuk gekjh lkek

Copyright © 2017, Scholarly Research Journal for Interdisciplinary Studies

Dr. Brijesh Kumar Sharma (Pg. 9328-9334)

¼1½

9329

jk"Vªh; psruk ds fodkl ds fy;s iz;kl djukA bl n`f"Vdks.k dks fodflr djus ds fy;s fodkl ds fy;s izksRlkgu fn;k tk;A

¼2½ ¼3½

xq.kkRed :i esa Lo;a mUufr djus ds iz;Ruksa esa fo|ky;ksa dks lgk;rk nh tkuh pkfg,A

¼4½ pkfg,A ¼5½

h Hkh Hkkx esa fLFkr

dh izkfIr ds fy, ,d foLr`r] Li"V rFkk lqfu;ksftr dk;ZØe dh k egRo fn;k tkuk pkfg,& ¼1½ fd, tk;s(a ¼2½

jk"

a{kkvksa ,oa

¼3½ ¼d½

^f

esa ls 6 pqus gq,

esa ls de ls de 1 izkS|ksfxdh rFkk 1 d`f" dsoy vlk/kkj.k {kerk ,oa v/;olk; okys Nk=ksa rFkk v/;kidksa dks LFkku feyuk pkfg,A ¼[k½ rS;kj djus esa fd;k tkuk pkfg,A ¼x½

lEc) egkfo|ky;ksa dk oxhZdj.k muds dk;Z Lrj ,oa {kerk ds vuqlkj fd;k tkuk pkfg,A mUgsa gh tkus okyh vkfFkZd lgk;rk dk vk/kkj Hkh ;gh oxhZdj.k gksA ;fn fdlh ds egkfo|ky;ksa dk ,d NksVk lk lewg gh ogkWa mu egkfo|ky;ksa dks ^Lok;Rrrk* iznku dh tk;A

¼?k½

sa esa i<+kbZ ds fy;s fn;s tkus okys ihfj;M de dj nsus pkfg,A ,slk djus ls tks le; cpsxk mldk mi;ksx] LorU= v/;;u fu/kkZfjr dk;Z] fucU/k

Copyright © 2017, Scholarly Research Journal for Interdisciplinary Studies

Dr. Brijesh Kumar Sharma (Pg. 9328-9334)

9330

vk;kstuksa dks iwjk djus esa yxkuk pkfg, rkfd Nk=ksa esa iqLrdksa ,oa vU; lEcfU/kr lkexzh dk Lora= :i ls mi;ksx djus dh {kerk dk fodkl gks ldsA ¼³½

Lukrd Lrj ij] izkjfEHkd fLFkfr esa {ks=h; Hkk" LukrdksRrj Lrj ij ek/;e ds :i esa vaxzsth Hkk"kk dk iz;ksx gks ldrk gSA

¼p½ vkfn fØ;k,a gksuh pkfg,A ¼N½

kZfjr djuk pkfg, fd Nk= la?k dk lapkyu fdl izdkj

¼t½ Kku djk, rFkk ml Kku dks O;ogkj esa ykus dk volj iznku djs] mUgsa egRoiw.kZ thou ewY;ksa ds izfr lpsr djsA Øeksa ds lEcU/k esa fopkj O;Dr rFkk jkstxkj ds voljksa dks n`f"V esa j[kdj fd;k tkuk pkfg,A d`f"k] bUthfu;fjax] fpfdRlk vkfn vU; O;kolkf;d dkslksZa rFkk LukrdksRrj Lrj ij v/;;u fd, tkus okys fo” k;ksa ds v/;;u dh lqf

k :i ls iznku djuh gksx a hA bl

vksj /;ku vkd`"V fd;k gSA muesa ls dqN izeq[k bl izdkj gSa %& ¼1½ gksxkA bl gsrq fuEufyf[kr rhu vk/kkjksa dh lgk;rk yh tk ldrh gS&

¼d½ ( ¼[k½ ¼x½

”

pquko djus dh fof/kA ¼2½ LFkkuh; egkfo|ky;ksa ds lkewfgd iz;Ruksa }kjk pyk;k tk ldsA Copyright © 2017, Scholarly Research Journal for Interdisciplinary Studies

Dr. Brijesh Kumar Sharma (Pg. 9328-9334)

¼3½

bl

9331

k Nk=ksa dk vuqikr 1%4 dk gSA fdUrq fofHkUu {ks=ksa esa

gksxkA vxzfyf[kr fl)kUrksa dks n`f"

¼d½ la/kku dk;Z fd;k tk ldsxk( rFkk ¼[k½ yh xbZ gS ,oa bl gsrq i;kZIr /ku dh O;oLFkk Hkh dj yh x;h gSA ¼4½

{ks=h; rFkk jkVªh; Lrj ij vk;ksftr f,d tkus okys lgdkjh dk;ZØeksa esa lHkh fo|ky;ksa dks Hkkx ysuk pkfg, rFkk vuqla/kku vkfn {ks=ksa esa vkilh vknku iznku }kjk bu dk;ksZa dks c<+kok Hkh nsuk pkfg,A bl izdkj ds dk; fo

¼5½

k :i ls

V mRrjnkf;Ro gksA

dyk rFkk foKku nksuksa gh {ks=ksa esa ikB~;Øeksa esa ftu fo"k; lewgksa dks i<+us dh lqfo/kk bl le; iznku dh x;h gS] mls vkSj vf/kd ypdnkj cuk;k tk;A

¼6½

kks/k laLFkkuksa esa ^lkekftd foKkuksa* dks egRoiw.kZ LFkku fn;k tkuk pkfg,A

¼7½

kkL= ds v/;

¼8½ dk;ZØe dh ;kstuk dks fodflr fd;k tk;A ¼9½

kS{kf.kd vuqla/kku dks fodflr ldrk gS&

¼d½‘ kS{kf.kd Vªh; ifj” kn esa kS{kf.kd vuqla/kku lEcU/kh Kku] lwpuk rFkk lqfo/kkvksa dks jk” Vªh; Lrj ij miyC/k djus ds fy, ,d dsUnz dh O;oLFkk dh tk;A ¼[k½ kS{kf.kd vuqla/kku dks fodflr fd;k tk;A ¼x½ jk" LFkkiuk dh tk; ftlds lnL; yC/k izfrf"Br

Copyright © 2017, Scholarly Research Journal for Interdisciplinary Studies

Dr. Brijesh Kumar Sharma (Pg. 9328-9334)

¼?k½

9332

kS{kf.kd vuqla/kku ij gksus okys O;; esa i;kZIr ek=k esa o`f) dh tk;A vk;ksx ds

fn;s gSa %& ¼d½ ” kn esa 15 ls 20 rd lnL; gksus pkfg,A buesa ls vk/ks

¼[k½

lnL; ckgj ds rFkk ifj” kn dk v/;{k midqyifr gksA ” kn~ gh ,d ek=

¼x½

vkf/kdkfjd laLFkk gksxhA lkfgR; ifj” kn~ dh ,d LFkk;h lfefr gksuh pkfg, tks ¼?k½

ksMZ }kjk ,d lfefr dh fu;qfDr dh tkuh pkfg, ftldk dk;Z

¼³½ rFkk jkT; ljdkjksa ds e fuekZ.k fd;k tk;A mi;qZDr lq>koksa ds vfrfjDr dqN vU; egRoiw.kZ lq>ko bl izdkj gSa %& ¼1½

lEc)& fo|ky;ksa ls lEcfU/kr fo” k;ksa ij fopkj djus ds fy, izR;sd lEc)kRed ,d ifj” kn~ cukbZ tkuh pkfg,A egkfo|ky;ksa dks ” kkf/kdkj ekuk tk;A egkfo|ky;ksa esa Nk=ksa dh la[;k dk fu/kkZj.k ogkWa izkIr lqfo/kkvksa ds vuq:i gksuk pkfg,A

¼2½

lgk;rk vuqnku nsus ds fu;eksa dks ljy cuk;k tk; rFkk bl izdkj dh uhfr viukbZ tkuh pkfg, ftlls vPNs fo|ky;ksa dks vis{kkd`r vf/kd lqfo/kk,a rFkk lgk;rk fey ldsA

¼3½ lnL; ljdkjh vf/kdkjh gksa rFkk de ls de fu” d” usr`Ro iznku djuk] ;ksX; O;fDr;ksa dks rS;kj djuk] lkekftd ,oa lkaLd`frd vUrjksa dks de djrs ” k :i

gq, lekurk rFkk lkekftd U;k; dks c<+kok nsuk gS

ls jk” Vªh; psruk dks tkx`r djuk rFkk lekt esa /kS;Z] lgdkfjrk ,oa lkekftdrk ds okrkoj.k esa ” Copyright © 2017, Scholarly Research Journal for Interdisciplinary Studies

Dr. Brijesh Kumar Sharma (Pg. 9328-9334)

9333

ds Lrj rFkk vuqla/kku ds {ks=

vkpk;Z ujsUnz nso us vius nk dha& ¼1½ ¼2½

A dkystksa dk foLrkj gksukA

¼3½

A

¼4½

A

¼5½

foRrh; vHkkoA

¼6½

O;fDrxr dkystksa dh LFkkiuk,aA

¼7½

A

¼8½

A

¼9½ mi;qZDr leL;kvksa ds lek/kku ds fy, vkius lq> ” u dqN djus dh uhfr dks NksM+dj dsoy dqN gh egRoiw.kZ dk;ZØeksa ij gesa viuk /;ku dsfUnzr djuk pkfg,A ,slk u djus ls viO; rFkk fu;kstu blh ewy fl)kUr ds vk/kkj ij gksuk pkfg,A dsUnzhdj.k rFkk fodsUnzhdj.k ds e/; ,d larqyu cukus

lanHkZ% lDlsuk txnh’k ¼2006½ iz;ksxokn lDlsuk ,l-lh- ¼2009½ vkpk;Z p.Mhx<+A JhokLro izeksn ¼2003½ vk/kqfud jpuk izdk’ku] bykgkcknA lDlsuk jkds’k/kj ¼2007½ vkpk;Z laLdj.k½] iVuk ¼fcgkj½A

,oa ujsUnz nso] lkfgR;kykspu izdk’ku] dkuiqjA ujsUnz nso ,oa ckS) /keZ n’kZu] ifj’kks/k izdk’ku] jk”Vªh; psruk vkSj lkfgR;% ujsUnz nso dh n`f”V esa] ujsUnz nso vkSj lektokn] lerk izdk’ku ¼izFke ”

Copyright © 2017, Scholarly Research Journal for Interdisciplinary Studies

Dr. Brijesh Kumar Sharma (Pg. 9328-9334)

” B 20

**

vkpk;Z ujsUnz nso }kjk fn;k x;k f’k{kk] O;fDr vkSj lekt lEcU/kh ekWMy          f’k{kk dh izfØ;k

laj{k.kkRed dk;Z

laLd`fr

izxfr’khy ¼l`tukRed½ dk;Z

O;fDr

i;kZoj.k

laLd`fr

f’k{kk dh izfØ;k O;fDr vkSj lekt dks izHkkfor djrh gS ¼lk¡Ld`frd thou ewY;ksa ls voxr djkuk½

lk¡Ld`frd

lkekftd

vkfFkZd

/kkfeZd

jktuhfrd

(Cultural)

(Social)

(Economic)

(Religious)

(Political)

lkekftd ‘kfDr;k¡ dqyifr] vkpk;Z ujsUnz nso dh dye ls % dk’kh fo|kihB esa ‘kSf{kd i;kZoj.k lEcU/kh fopkj/kkjk ¼okf”kZd if=dk ds ys[k ls ladfyr½ lu~ 1952] i`”B 3

Copyright © 2017, Scholarly Research Journal for Interdisciplinary Studies

9334