Adolescence and emerging adulthood 5th edition arnett test bank

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TOTAL ASSESSMENT GUIDE Topic The Adolescent in the Family System

Parenting Styles

Chapter 7 Family Relationships

Multiple Choice

Factual 2,7,10,14,19

Conceptual 3,9,11,13,15

True/False Short Essay

76,77

Multiple Choice

21,23,26,28,29,30, 20,24,34 33,36,37,38,39 78,79,80,81,82,83

True/False Short Essay

Applied 1,4,5,6,8,12,16,17, 18 91 22,25,27,31,32,35,

92

Attachments to Parents

Multiple Choice True/False Short Essay

41

40,44

42,43

Parent– Adolescent Conflict

Multiple Choice True/False Short Essay

50 84,85,86

49

45,46,47,48,51

Emerging Adults’ Relationships With Parents Historical Change and the Family

Multiple Choice True/False Short Essay

52,53,54

Multiple Choice True/False Short Essay

56,59 87

Effects of Divorce, Remarriage, Single Parents, and Dual-Earner Families Physical and Sexual Abuse in the Family

Multiple Choice

66,67

True/False Short Essay

88

Multiple Choice True/False Short Essay

72 89

Leaving Early: Runaways and “Street Children”

Multiple Choice True/False Short Essay

74,75 90 95

55

57,61

58,60 93

64,65,70

62,63,68,69,71 94 73

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170

Chapter 7: Family Relationships Multiple Choice 7.1.01. Carrie is 15 years old and is constantly arguing with her mother. According to the text, what is likely to be the most common area of conflict between Carrie and her mother? a. Whether Carrie can make her own decisions about things like how she dresses. b. What school Carrie should attend, public school or the private school across town. c. Where the family should live once Carrie's father gets the promotion he was waiting for. d. Who Carrie's mother should date – the grocery manager or the researcher at the university.

Difficulty: 3 Question ID: 7.1.01 Page Reference: 175 Topic: Introduction Skill: Applied Answer: a. Whether Carrie can make her own decisions about things like how she dresses.

7.1.02. According to research, what family members do adolescents rate as having the closest attachments with? a. Parents b. Sisters c. Brothers d. Grandparents Difficulty: 1 Question ID: 7.1.02 Topic: Introduction Skill: Factual Answer: a. Parents

Page Reference: 175

7.1.03. Which statement most accurately represents a dyadic relationship? a. Mothers, fathers, and children acting together b. Relationships between three siblings c. Single-parent family with two children d. A relationship between two persons Difficulty: 2 Question ID: 7.1.03 Page Reference: 176 Topic: The Adolescent in the Family System Skill: Conceptual Answer: d. A relationship between two persons

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7.1.04. One key principle of the family systems approach is a. parents often become depressed when children move away. b. each subsystem influences every other subsystem. c. conflicts arise regardless of culture. d. subsystems are independent of each other.

Difficulty: 3 Question ID: 7.1.04 Page Reference: 176 Topic: The Adolescent in the Family System Skill: Applied Answer: b. each subsystem influences every other subsystem.

7.1.05. A key change which may affect the equilibrium of a family as a child enters puberty is the a. status of the parent's marriage. b. beginning of sexual maturity. c. affective functions of the family. d. profound social changes over the last decade.

Difficulty: 3 Question ID: 7.1.05 Page Reference: 176 Topic: The Adolescent in the Family System Skill: Applied Answer: b. beginning of sexual maturity.

7.1.06. Garth is an 11-year-old boy. If Garth lives in an industrialized country, his parents are most likely a. emerging adults. b. entering mid-life. c. in their early 30s. d. in their late 20s.

Difficulty: 3 Question ID: 7.1.06 Page Reference: 177 Topic: Parents Development During Midlife Skill: Applied Answer: b. entering mid-life.

7.1.07. According to research, for most Americans midlife is marked by a. feelings of depression and introspection. b. a midlife crisis and out of the ordinary behavior. c. feeling that one is in the prime of their life. d. feeling more like one's adolescent children.

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Difficulty: 1 Question ID: 7.1.07 Page Reference: 177 Topic: Parents Development During Midlife Skill: Factual Answer: c. feeling that one is in the prime of their life.

7.1.08. Tracy is a mother in her early 40s. She is taking part in a study which is investigating the "empty nest" phenomenon when children leave home. Tracy has two daughters who have recently moved out, one to attend college and the other to move in with her boyfriend. When asked how Tracy is adjusting to life without the girls, she is most likely to say, a. "I have had very little trouble adjusting to their departure." b. "I have been devastated by their departure." c. "My husband and I don't have a clue what we're going to do now." d. "Our marriage has suddenly become troubled."

Difficulty: 3 Question ID: 7.1.08 Page Reference: 177 Topic: Parents Development During Midlife Skill: Applied Answer: a. "I have had very little trouble adjusting to their departure."

7.1.09. Which statement best summarizes the situation of people in midlife? a. Earning power declines during this stage. b. Job satisfaction peaks in middle adulthood. c. Marital problems increase. d. All of these answers are correct.

Difficulty: 2 Question ID: 7.1.09 Page Reference: 177 Topic: Parents Development During Midlife Skill: Conceptual Answer: b. Job satisfaction peaks in middle adulthood.

7.1.10. According to research, the amount of time American adolescents spend with their families drops by what percentage between fifth and ninth grades? a. 10% b. 25% c. 50% d. 75% Difficulty: 2 Question ID: 7.1.10 Page Reference: 178 Topic: Research Focus: The Daily Rhythms of Adolescents Family Lives Skill: Factual Answer: c. 50%

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7.1.11. Dylan, a 15-year-old boy, and his father, Craig, have spent less time together over the past few years. On average Dylan and his father only spend about one hour a day together, and most of that time is spent watching television. What does this tell us about Dylan's home life? a. Dylan's dad is an authoritative parent. b. Dylan is a neglected child. c. Dylan's home life is normal. d. Dylan is most likely a maladjusted teen.

Difficulty: 3 Question ID: 7.7.19 Page Reference: 179 Topic: Research Focus: The Daily Rhythms of Adolescents Family Lives Skill: Applied Answer: c. Dylan's home life is normal.

7.1.12. Research has demonstrated that parents' relationships with their adolescents a. provide a negative familial pattern. b. focus on only mothers' interactions. c. are of enduring importance. d. show only a shadowy presence.

Difficulty: 3 Question ID: 7.1.12 Page Reference: 179 Topic: Research Focus: The Daily Rhythms of Adolescents Family Lives Skill: Applied Answer: c. are of enduring importance.

7.1.13. In the research focus box entitled "The Daily Rhythms of Adolescent's Family Lives," how are fathers portrayed? a. Fathers are deeply involved in their adolescents' lives. b. There is no data to support the role of fathers. c. Fathers are as likely as mothers to be involved in their child's lives. d. Fathers are usually only a minor presence in adolescents' lives.

Difficulty: 2 Question ID: 7.1.13 Page Reference: 179 Topic: Research Focus: The Daily Rhythms of Adolescents Family Lives Skill: Conceptual Answer: d. Fathers are usually only a minor presence in adolescents' lives.

7.1.14. According to research, what relationship is marked by the highest level of conflict? An adolescent's relationship with a. parents.

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b. friends. c. teachers. d. siblings.

Difficulty: 1 Question ID: 7.1.14 Topic: Sibling Relationships Skill: Factual Answer: d. siblings.

Page Reference: 178

7.1.15. Compared to Western societies, sibling relationships in traditional cultures tend to be more a. rival. b. caregiver. c. casual. d. critical.

Difficulty: 2 Question ID: 7.1.15 Topic: Sibling Relationships Skill: Conceptual Answer: b. caregiver.

Page Reference: 180

7.1.16. Barbara and Mary are sisters who are 13 and 15 years respectively. Barbara, the younger sister, knows that Mary is older and has to be obeyed whether she likes it or not. Where do the sisters most likely live? In a(n) a. traditional culture. b. Western country. c. industrialized country. d. broadly socialized culture.

Difficulty: 3 Question ID: 7.1.16 Topic: Sibling Relationships Skill: Applied Answer: a. traditional culture.

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7.1.17. Wahib is getting married. He ascribes to the traditions of his culture in rural India. He and his wife have never met, as their parents arranged the marriage. In order to maintain his traditional cultural beliefs, when Wahib and his new bride have returned from their honeymoon they will most likely a. move in with his wife's family. b. move in with Wahib's family. c. find a place of their own.

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d. build a house next to Wahib's grandparents.

Difficulty: 3 Question ID: 7.1.17 Page Reference: 181 Topic: Extended Family Relationships Skill: Applied Answer: b. move in with Wahib's family.

7.1.18. Gustavo is a young Mexican American boy living in Tucson, Arizona. His entire family embraces the traditional beliefs of family relationships. Besides his siblings and parents, who else would be living in Gustavo's house? a. Uncles b. Aunts c. Grandparents d. Nephews Difficulty: 3 Question ID: 7.1.18 Page Reference: 181 Topic: Extended Family Relationships Skill: Applied Answer: c. Grandparents 7.1.19. What percentage of African American families is headed by a single parent? a. 10% b. 30% c. 50% d. 70% Difficulty: 1 Question ID: 7.1.19 Page Reference: 181 Topic: Extended Family Relationships Skill: Factual Answer: d. 70% 7.1.20. Imagine you are a prominent scholar in the field of parenting. You are most likely to describe parenting in terms of what two dimensions? a. Demandingness and responsiveness b. Ideal and real c. Traditional and modern d. Punishment and indifference Difficulty: 2 Question ID: 7.1.20 Topic: Parenting Styles Skill: Conceptual

Page Reference: 182

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Answer: a. Demandingness and responsiveness 7.1.21. Parental responsiveness is the degree to which parents a. express disdain, coolness and distance. b. are sensitive to their children's needs. c. set down rules and expectations for behavior. d. none of the above.

Difficulty: 1 Question ID: 7.1.21 Page Reference: 182 Topic: Parenting Styles Skill: Factual Answer: b. are sensitive to their children's needs.

7.1.22. Pierre and Marisa are raising twins. In terms of parenting style, Pierre and Marisa are authoritarian. What statement best characterizes how Pierre and Marisa raise their twins? They have a. low demands and are not very responsive. b. high demands and are highly responsive. c. high demands and are not very responsive. d. low demands and are highly responsive.

Difficulty: 3 Question ID: 7.1.22 Page Reference: 182 Topic: Parenting Styles Skill: Applied Answer: c. high demands and are not very responsive.

7.1.23. Permissive parents are those who have a. low demands and are not very responsive. b. high demands and are highly responsive. c. high demands and are not very responsive. d. low demands and are highly responsive.

Difficulty: 1 Question ID: 7.1.23 Page Reference: 182 Topic: Parenting Styles Skill: Factual Answer: d. low demands and are highly responsive.

7.1.24. Which statement best characterizes parents who are disengaged in raising their children? a. Parents seem uninterested in their children's daily activities. b. Each parent disagrees with the other about raising children.

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c. One parent feels they need clear expectations while parenting. d. Both require strict obedience from each child.

Difficulty: 1 Question ID: 7.1.24 Page Reference: 182 Topic: Parenting Styles Skill: Conceptual Answer: a. Parents seem uninterested in their children's daily activities.

7.1.25. Michelle and Andres are middle class parents. Michelle is a nurse and Andres is an accountant. Michelle and Andres are busy with their jobs, but always make time to talk with their children about how they are doing in school, their friends, and the reasons for their household rules. According to the text, both Michelle and Andres are most likely to be a. disengaged parents. b. permissive parents. c. authoritative parents. d. authoritarian parents.

Difficulty: 3 Question ID: 7.1.25 Topic: Parenting Styles Skill: Applied Answer: c. authoritative parents.

Page Reference: 182

7.1.26. Research on parents' child-rearing goals shows that American parents tend to value ______________ highly as a quality they wish to promote in their children. a. conformity b. tradition c. dependence d. independence Difficulty: 1 Question ID: 7.1.26 Page Reference: 183 Topic: Parenting Styles as Custom Complexes Skill: Factual Answer: d. independence 7.1.27. Sasha is an independent, self-assured, creative and socially skilled teenager starting the 10th grade in the fall semester. Sasha has many friends and is very popular at her high school.

She plays hockey and loves to write poetry. According to research, Sasha's parents are most likely to be a. disengaged. b. permissive. c. authoritative.

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d. authoritarian.

Difficulty: 3 Question ID: 7.1.27 Page Reference: 183 Topic: Parenting Styles as Custom Complexes Skill: Applied Answer: c. authoritative.

7.1.28. Authoritative parents promote autonomy through a. encouraging discussion. b. absence and restraint. c. demandingness and inconsistency. d. none of the above.

Difficulty: 1 Question ID: 7.1.28 Page Reference: 183 Topic: The Effects of Parenting Styles on Adolescents Skill: Factual Answer: a. encouraging discussion.

7.1.29. Passive and conforming adolescents are mostly likely being raised by what type of parents? a. Disengaged b. Permissive c. Authoritative d. Authoritarian Difficulty: 1 Question ID: 7.1.29 Page Reference: 183-184 Topic: The Effects of Parenting Styles on Adolescents Skill: Factual Answer: d. Authoritarian 7.1.30. What principle describes the idea that adolescents are not only influenced by their parents but also influence their parents? a. Reciprocal effects b. Binocular vision c. Unidirectionality d. Responsiveness Difficulty: 1 Question ID: 7.1.30 Page Reference: 184 Topic: A More Complex Picture of Parenting Effects Skill: Factual Answer: a. Reciprocal effects

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7.1.31. Izmit and Emer are two adolescent boys living with both their parents. Izmit can't wait to be old enough to move away from home. He feels like every time he asks for something his mom says no. Emer doesn't feel the same way his brother does. Emer feels his parents are loving and allow him sufficient autonomy. According to the text, Izmit and Emer are a. unique; they are both adolescents and their diverging behavior is troublesome. b. normal; adolescents can experience very different feelings in the same home. c. Izmit needs to seek professional advice to understand his hostile feelings. d. Emer is younger than Izmit and will feel the same way in a few years.

Difficulty: 3 Question ID: 7.1.31 Page Reference: 184-185 Topic: A More Complex Picture of Parenting Effects Skill: Applied Answer: b. normal; adolescents can experience very different feelings in the same home.

7.1.32. Marina and Carl are raising two children, Kira and Michala. In terms of parenting style, Marina and Carl are authoritative. What statement best characterizes how they raise their children? They have a. low demands and are not very responsive. b. high demands and are highly responsive. c. high demands and are not very responsive. d. low demands and are highly responsive.

Difficulty: 3 Question ID: 7.1.32 Page Reference: 185 Topic: A More Complex Picture of Parenting Effects Skill: Applied Answer: b. high demands and are highly responsive.

7.1.33. A recent study completed with 720 American families with two same-sex siblings including identical twins, fraternal twins, full siblings, half siblings and biologically-unrelated step-siblings had a research design which allowed researchers to examine a. how adolescents demand compliance and become more authoritarian. b. questions of both genetic and environmental family influences on adolescents. c. the effect of parental responsiveness in non-Western cultures. d. the parental influence of how early adolescents choose their friends.

Difficulty: 1 Question ID: 7.1.33 Page Reference: 185 Topic: A More Complex Picture of Parenting Effects Skill: Factual Answer: b. questions of both genetic and environmental family influences on adolescents.

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7.1.34. Which statement about parenting is most true of non-Western cultures? a. Authoritarian parenting is typical. b. Disengaged parenting is common. c. Authoritative parenting is rare. d. Permissive parenting is the norm.

Difficulty: 2 Question ID: 7.1.34 Page Reference: 185 Topic: Parenting in Other Cultures Skill: Conceptual Answer: c. Authoritative parenting is rare.

7.1.35. May is a 42-year-old mother of four. Two of May's children are teenagers and May knows that her authority will be obeyed, without question and without requiring an explanation.

According to research, May most likely lives in a. the United States. b. Canada. c. Japan. d. the Netherlands.

Difficulty: 3 Question ID: 7.1.35 Topic: Parenting in Other Cultures Skill: Applied Answer: c. Japan.

Page Reference: 185

7.1.36. According to research, one consequence of the strong family identity nurtured in traditional Indian cultures is that a. children show high rates of delinquent behaviors. b. adolescents have increased rates of drug use. c. children rebel against their parents' authoritarian practices. d. adolescents have low rates of depression and suicide.

Difficulty: 1 Question ID: 7.1.36 Page Reference: 187 Topic: Cultural Focus: Young People and Their Families in India Skill: Factual Answer: d. adolescents have low rates of depression and suicide.

7.1.37. Pradeep is a young Indian man who is entering into adulthood. As a young man his thoughts are turning to marriage and he feels he is ready to make a commitment. According to research, if Pradeep embraces the ideals of his traditional culture he will a. choose his own bride from a neighboring village.

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b. marry the girl he has been dating since high school. c. enter into a marriage arranged by his parents. d. narrow down his choices and let his sister make the decision.

Difficulty: 3 Question ID: 7.1.39 Page Reference: 187 Topic: Cultural Focus: Young People and Their Families in India Skill: Applied Answer: c. enter into a marriage arranged by his parents.

7.1.38. Tak is a first generation Asian Canadian. Tak is raising his two sons as he was raised while living in his native Vietnam. It is most likely that Tak will engage in a(n) ________________ parenting style. a. authoritative b. permissive c. traditional d. disengaged Difficulty: 1 Question ID: 7.1.38 Topic: Parenting in Other Cultures Skill: Factual Answer: c. traditional

Page Reference: 188

7.1.39. According to research, what parenting style cannot be easily applied to Asian American parents? a. Traditional b. Disengaged c. Permissive d. Authoritative Difficulty: 1 Question ID: 7.1.39 Topic: Parenting in Other Cultures Skill: Factual Answer: d. Authoritative

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7.1.40. In regard to attachment theory, which statement does NOT belong? a. The theory was originally developed by John Bowlby. b. It has been tested with both primates and humans. c. It has an evolutionary basis for the safety of children. d. It describes the emotional relationships between siblings of similar age.

Difficulty: 2

Question ID: 7.1.40

Page Reference: 188

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Topic: Attachments to Parents Skill: Conceptual Answer: d. It describes the emotional relationships between siblings of similar age.

7.1.41. According to attachment theory, what shapes expectation and interactions in relationships to others throughout a child's life? a. Id strivings b. Affective functions c. Bidirectional effects d. Internal working model Difficulty: 1 Question ID: 7.1.41 Page Reference: 189 Topic: Attachments to Parents Skill: Factual Answer: d. Internal working model 7.1.42. Niles is a young man who feels close to his parents and confident about his parents' love and concern for him. As Niles is entering adulthood, he is most likely a. feeling separation anxiety as he contemplates leaving home. b. developing a healthy sense of autonomy from his parents. c. understanding how authoritarian his parents have been in raising him. d. feeling he has an insecure base from which to explore.

Difficulty: 3 Question ID: 7.1.42 Page Reference: 189 Topic: Attachments to Parents Skill: Applied Answer: b. developing a healthy sense of autonomy from his parents.

7.1.43. Freddie is a 15-year-old boy who has a secure attachment to both his mother and father.

In terms of his friendships at school, Freddie is more likely than others to a. feel he cannot get close to the girls in his peer group. b. find solace in individual sporting activities. c. express his feelings and develop close relationships. d. be called a mama's boy and teased every day.

Difficulty: 3 Question ID: 7.1.43 Page Reference: 190 Topic: Attachments to Parents Skill: Applied Answer: c. express his feelings and develop close relationships.

7.1.44. With regard to the findings of many longitudinal studies on attachment theory reported in

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the textbook, which statement accurately describes the overall conclusions? a. The studies reported do not really test the heart of attachment theory, which is the claim that infant attachments form the basis for later relationships. b. These longitudinal studies have provided a clear support for the link between parental separation and secure attachment. c. Most of the studies relied on having people recall memories from childhood which was found to be an unreliable enterprise. d. These longitudinal studies have provided mixed support for the predictions of attachment theory.

Difficulty: 3 Question ID: 7.1.44 Page Reference: 190 Topic: Attachments to Parents Skill: Conceptual Answer: d. These longitudinal studies have provided mixed support for the predictions of attachment theory.

7.1.45. Benjamin and his father tend to argue more and more lately. Benjamin is 16 years old.

What are he and his father most likely to be arguing about? a. The way Ben's dad and mother interact b. Curfews and Ben's choice in music c. Who Ben will marry when he reaches the age of consent d. The importance of a post-secondary education Difficulty: 3 Question ID: 7.1.45 Page Reference: 191 Topic: Parent-Adolescent Conflict Skill: Applied Answer: b. Curfews and Ben's choice in music 7.1.46. What do early and middle adolescents have in common in terms of their family harmony?

Both age groups tend to have high levels of a. conflict with parents. b. harmony with parents. c. parental contact. d. all of the above.

Difficulty: 3 Question ID: 7.1.46 Topic: Parent-Adolescent Conflict Skill: Applied Answer: a. conflict with parents.

Page Reference: 191

7.1.47. Marcia and her mother seem to argue about everything. Marcia is in her second year of

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high school, and she is constantly complaining about how her mother treats her. "She never lets me wear makeup." "How does she think I can go to school in the clothes she bought me?" "How come Jan can stay out later?" "She is always complaining about my music, my room, and my friends." How would one classify Marcia's relationship with her mother? a. Marcia's relationship with her mother is better than with her father. b. This seems to be typical of many adolescents' relationships with their parents. c. Marcia's relationship is unhealthy and both should consider counseling. d. Marcia's mother is creating a dependent child, who will have problems in the future.

Difficulty: 1 Question ID: 7.1.47 Page Reference: 191 Topic: Sources of Conflict with Parents Skill: Applied Answer: b. This seems to be typical of many adolescents' relationships with their parents.

7.1.48. Jaquie is a young girl who constantly engages in petty conflicts with her mom, Sally.

Where do Jaquie and Sally most likely live? a. Uganda b. Mexico c. United States d. Japan Difficulty: 3 Question ID: 7.1.48 Page Reference: 192 Topic: Culture and Conflict with Parents Skill: Applied Answer: c. United States 7.1.49. Which statement logically follows from the idea that in non-industrialized traditional cultures, family members tend to rely a great deal on each other economically? a. Families in these cultures tend to be more individualized. b. There are patterns of broad socialization in these cultures. c. Petty arguments about dating and friends persist. d. None of these answers are correct.

Difficulty: 2 Question ID: 7.1.49 Page Reference: 192-193 Topic: Culture and Conflict with Parents Skill: Conceptual Answer: d. None of these answers are correct.

7.1.50. Levels of conflict are low in parent-adolescent relationships not only in nonindustrialized traditional cultures but also in

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a. Canada. b. Japan. c. Great Britain. d. Germany.

Difficulty: 1 Question ID: 7.1.50 Page Reference: 193 Topic: Culture and Conflict with Parents Skill: Factual Answer: b. Japan.

7.1.51. In contrast to Westernized cultures, parents in traditional cultures are more likely to be concerned with a. regulating adolescents' autonomy and independence. b. adolescents' conformity to cultural beliefs. c. the petty arguments about dating and peer groups. d. adolescents' disdain for their extended family members.

Difficulty: 3 Question ID: 7.1.51 Page Reference: 193 Topic: Culture and Conflict with Parents Skill: Applied Answer: b. adolescents' conformity to cultural beliefs.

7.1.52. What statement most closely reflects the feelings of emerging adults after their departure from the family home? Emerging adults report a. greater closeness with their parents. b. fewer negative feelings toward their parents. c. valuing their parents' opinions. d. all of these answers are correct.

Difficulty: 1 Question ID: 7.1.52 Page Reference: 194-195 Topic: Emerging Adults' Relationship with Parents Skill: Factual Answer: d. all of these answers are correct.

7.1.53. As compared to the United States, emerging adults in European countries tend to live with their parents ____________, especially in southern and eastern Europe. a. longer b. shorter c. about the same d. more often

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Difficulty: 1 Question ID: 7.1.53 Page Reference: 195 Topic: Emerging Adults' Relationship with Parents Skill: Factual Answer: a. longer 7.1.54. In recent studies what percentage of American emerging adults "return to the nest" to live at least once after they leave? a. 10% b. 25% c. 40% d. 60% Difficulty: 1 Question ID: 7.1.54 Page Reference: 195 Topic: Emerging Adults' Relationship with Parents Skill: Factual Answer: c. 40% 7.1.55. Brandi is 22 years old and has just finished a communications degree at a university.

Finding a job in a marketing firm is difficult, so Brandi decides to move home with her parents for a while until she finds a good job. What is likely to make Brandi's transition to moving back home easier for both her and her parents? a. If Brandi's parents recognize her new maturity. b. When moving home, Brandi needs to expect to be treated like an adolescent. c. Brandi's parents need to help her manage her life choices. d. Brandi needs to take on a subordinate role as a dependent child.

Difficulty: 3 Question ID: 7.1.55 Page Reference: 195 Topic: Emerging Adults' Relationship with Parents Skill: Applied Answer: a. If Brandi's parents recognize her new maturity.

7.1.56. A change that has influenced family life over the past two centuries is a. lower birth rate. b. longer life expectancy. c. movement to urban centers. d. all of these answers are correct.

Difficulty: 1 Question ID: 7.1.56 Page Reference: 196-197 Topic: Patterns Over Two Centuries Skill: Factual Answer: d. all of these answers are correct.

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7.1.57. In terms of the changing dynamics of family life over the past 200 years, what statement does NOT belong? a. Human life expectancy has increased from 45 to 70 years of age. b. People are having fewer and fewer children. c. After 1830, the proportion of family farms steadily declined. d. Family is the single dominant supporting institution for adolescents.

Difficulty: 2 Question ID: 7.1.57 Page Reference: 197 Topic: Patterns Over Two Centuries Skill: Conceptual Answer: d. Family is the single dominant supporting institution for adolescents.

7.1.58. Suppose you were an adolescent growing up in the United States in 1830. Where would you most likely live? a. Uptown apartment b. Coastal cottage c. Family farm d. Southern retreat Difficulty: 3 Question ID: 7.1.58 Page Reference: 197 Topic: Patterns Over Two Centuries Skill: Applied Answer: c. Family farm 7.1.59. According to the text, in the past 50 years what is the single most dramatic change in family life? a. Lower birth rates b. Longer life expectancy c. Higher divorce rates d. Increased urbanization Difficulty: 1 Question ID: 7.1.59 Topic: The Past 50 Years Skill: Factual Answer: c. Higher divorce rates

Page Reference: 197

7.1.60. Brendan lives in a suburban neighborhood where 6 out of 10 families are divorced.

Where does Brendan most likely live? a. Boston

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b. Toronto c. Berlin d. London Difficulty: 3 Question ID: 7.1.60 Topic: The Past 50 Years Skill: Applied Answer: a. Boston

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7.1.61. One implication that follows from increased rates of divorce in the United States is a. fathers are often the primary caregiver. b. children will find work to support the family. c. mothers are more likely to work. d. all of these answers are correct.

Difficulty: 2 Question ID: 7.1.61 Page Reference: 197 Topic: The Past 50 Years Skill: Conceptual Answer: c. mothers are more likely to work.

7.1.62. Suppose you were a subject in a research study investigating the effects of adolescents caught in a loyalty conflict between divorcing parents. What are you likely to be feeling? a. Elated and relieved b. Depressed and anxious c. Confident and alone d. No change in your mindset Difficulty: 3 Question ID: 7.1.62 Topic: Divorce Skill: Applied Answer: b. Depressed and anxious

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7.1.63. Greg's parents are recently divorced. Greg has always been a "B" student. After the divorce, what is likely to happen to Greg's grades? a. They are likely to rise. b. They are likely to fall. c. They will stay the same. d. We are unable to predict.

Difficulty: 3 Question ID: 7.1.63 Topic: Divorce

Page Reference: 200

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Skill: Applied Answer: b. They are likely to fall.

7.1.64. In contrast to merely studying rates of divorce, researchers interested in the psychological effects of divorce need to focus on a. the declining birth rate in industrialized nations. b. the cultural beliefs of the larger society. c. the lack of extended family relationships. d. exposure to conflict between parents.

Difficulty: 2 Question ID: 7.1.64 Page Reference: 201 Topic: Divorce Skill: Conceptual Answer: d. exposure to conflict between parents.

7.1.65. In terms of research conducted on the effects of divorce, the major psychological damage tends to be due to a. dad leaving the home. b. mom getting a job. c. parents' constant arguments. d. grandmother moving in.

Difficulty: 2 Question ID: 7.1.65 Page Reference: 201 Topic: Divorce Skill: Conceptual Answer: c. parents' constant arguments.

7.1.66. According to research, in the year following a divorce, mothers tend to be a. less affectionate. b. more permissive. c. less consistent with parenting. d. all of these answers are correct.

Difficulty: 1 Question ID: 7.1.66 Page Reference: 201 Topic: Divorce Skill: Factual Answer: d. all of these answers are correct.

7.1.67. In most divorced families, a young person's contact with his or her father a. stays the same.

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b. increases dramatically. c. declines steadily over time. d. changes in intensity.

Difficulty: 1 Question ID: 7.1.67 Page Reference: 201 Topic: Divorce Skill: Factual Answer: c. declines steadily over time.

7.1.68. Imagine you wrote a paper covering research on the effects of mother's remarrying after divorce. You would most likely conclude a. adolescent problems decline. b. siblings choose sides. c. adolescent problems rise. d. the effects depend on characteristics of the new stepfather.

Difficulty: 3 Question ID: 7.1.68 Page Reference: 202 Topic: Remarriage Skill: Applied Answer: c. adolescent problems rise.

7.1.69. Pat is related to Jared. Pat is having a hard time establishing an attachment to Jared. Jared also does not respect Pat's authority. According to research, what would be a good prediction of the way Pat and Jared are related? a. Jared is Pat's father. b. Pat is Jared's father. c. Pat is Jared's stepfather. d. Jared and Pat are brother and sister.

Difficulty: 3 Question ID: 7.1.69 Page Reference: 202-203 Topic: Remarriage Skill: Applied Answer: c. Pat is Jared's stepfather.

7.1.70. According to research, which statement best characterizes the role of extended family after a divorce? a. They have no effect on the family dynamic. b. Their effect is only felt with the parents. c. They can help provide emotional support. d. Grandmothers tend to have a greater effect than anyone else.

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Difficulty: 2 Question ID: 7.1.70 Page Reference: 203 Topic: Single Parenthood Skill: Conceptual Answer: c. They can help provide emotional support.

7.1.71. Chris is feeling the effects of a "dual income" family. Chris is more confident and has higher career aspirations than may other kids. What can we conclude about Chris? Chris is a. an adolescent girl. b. an adolescent boy. c. either a boy or a girl. d. confused about the future.

Difficulty: 3 Question ID: 7.1.71 Topic: Dual-Earner Families Skill: Applied Answer: a. an adolescent girl.

Page Reference: 203

7.1.72. According to Haugaard (1992), what percentage of American college students indicate they have been sexually abused by a family member? a. About 10% b. Less that 2% c. Approximately one quarter d. 40-45% Difficulty: 1 Question ID: 7.1.72 Page Reference: 204 Topic: Physical and Sexual Abuse in the Family Skill: Factual Answer: a. About 10%.

7.1.73. Marcus lives with his mom and stepfather. Marcus has been abused by his stepfather since he was 10 years old. Marcus is now entering high school. According to research, what kind of student will Marcus be? a. Passive b. An A student c. Aggressive d. Stressed Difficulty: 3 Question ID: 7.1.73 Topic: Physical Abuse Skill: Applied Answer: c. Aggressive

Page Reference: 204

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7.1.74. According to research conducted on runaway youth, what percentage who leave home stay within 50 miles of home? a. 5-10% b. 20-30% c. 50-60% d. 80-90% Difficulty: 1 Question ID: 7.1.74 Page Reference: 205 Topic: Running Away From Home Skill: Factual Answer: d. 80-90% 7.1.75. Studies of Kenyan homeless children found differences between street boys and street girls. One difference researchers found was that street girls a. continued to live with their families and brought home most of their money. b. who left home typically had no contact with their families. c. demonstrated impressive resourcefulness by taking advantage of aid programs. d. far outnumber street boys.

Difficulty: 1 Question ID: 7.1.75 Page Reference: 206-207 Topic: "Street Children" Around the World Skill: Factual Answer: b. who left home typically had no contact with their families.

True/False 7.2.76. Adolescents' changing cognitive development may affect family equilibrium. a. True b. False Difficulty: 1 Question ID: 7.2.76 Page Reference: 176 Topic: The Adolescent in the Family System Skill: Factual Answer: a. True 7.2.77. In Schlegel and Barry's (1991) cross-cultural analysis, adolescents in Westernized cultures were often closer to their grandparents than to their parents. a. True b. False

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Difficulty: 2 Question ID: 7.2.77 Topic: Sibling Relationships Skill: Factual Answer: b. False

Page Reference: 181

7.2.78. A distinctive feature of authoritarian parents is that they explain the reasons for their rules and expectations to their children. a. True b. False Difficulty: 1 Question ID: 7.2.78 Topic: Parenting Styles Skill: Factual Answer: b. False

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7.2.79. Adolescents of permissive parents tend to be immature, irresponsible, and are more likely than other adolescents to conform to their peers. a. True b. False Difficulty: 1 Question ID: 7.2.79 Page Reference: 183 Topic: The Effect of Parenting Styles on Adolescents Skill: Factual Answer: a. True 7.2.80. Adolescents with authoritarian parents tend to be dependent, passive, and conforming. a. True b. False Difficulty: 1 Question ID: 7.2.80 Page Reference: 183 Topic: The Effects of Parenting Styles on Adolescents Skill: Factual Answer: a. True 7.2.81. Differential parenting did not result in nonshared environmental influences, meaning that the adolescents experienced the same family environments. a. True b. False

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Difficulty: 1 Question ID: 7.2.81 Page Reference: 184 Topic: A More Complex Picture of Parenting Effects Skill: Factual Answer: b. False 7.2.82. In the United States as well as in other Western countries, the majority of emerging adults remain in their parents' home until marriage. a. True b. False Difficulty: 1 Question ID: 7.2.82 Page Reference: 186 Topic: Cultural Focus: Young People and Their Families in India Skill: Factual Answer: b. False 7.2.83. According to research, parents in non-Western cultures do not fit into the parenting scheme which includes authoritarian, authoritative, and permissive styles. a. True b. False Difficulty: 1 Question ID: 7.2.83 Topic: Parenting in Other Cultures Skill: Factual Answer: a. True

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7.2.84. Anna Freud (1946) believed that adolescents would not develop normally without turmoil in the relationships with their parents. a. True b. False Difficulty: 1 Question ID: 7.2.84 Topic: Parent-Adolescent Conflict Skill: Factual Answer: a. True

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7.2.85. Based on the biological and cognitive changes of adolescence, parent-adolescent conflict is universal and "natural." a. True b. False

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Difficulty: 1 Question ID: 7.2.85 Page Reference: 192 Topic: Culture and Conflict with Parents Skill: Factual Answer: b. False 7.2.86. A successful transition for emerging adults returning home is more likely if parents recognize the change in their children's maturity and treat them as adults. a. True b. False Difficulty: 1 Question ID: 7.2.86 Page Reference: 195 Topic: Emerging Adults' Relationships with Parents Skill: Factual Answer: a. True 7.2.87. After divorce, fathers are usually designated the custodial parent. a. True b. False Difficulty: 1 Question ID: 7.2.87 Topic: The Past 50 Years Skill: Factual Answer: b. False

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7.2.88. Family process is the term scholars use to refer to the outward characteristics of the family -- whether or not the parents are married, how many adults and children live in the household, whether or not there is a biological relationship between the family members (e.g., in stepfamilies), and so on. a. True b. False Difficulty: 1 Question ID: 7.2.88 Topic: Divorce Skill: Factual Answer: b. False

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7.2.89. According to the text, fathers who abuse their adolescent daughters tend to have been detached and distant from them when they were younger. a. True b. False

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Difficulty: 1 Question ID: 7.2.89 Topic: Sexual Abuse Skill: Factual Answer: a. True

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7.2.90. According to research completed by UNICEF (2003), there are fewer than 10 million street children worldwide. a. True b. False Difficulty: 1 Question ID: 7.2.90 Page Reference: 206 Topic: "Street Children" Around the World Skill: Factual Answer: b. False Essay 7.3.91. Compare and contrast three of the five common patterns in adolescents' relationships with their siblings.

Difficulty: 3 Question ID: 7.3.91 Page Reference: 177-180 Topic: Sibling Relationships Skill: Applied Answer: • Caregiver relationship: one sibling serves parental functions for the other.

Most common between an older sister and younger siblings in both Western and non-Western cultures. • Buddy relationship: siblings treat each other as friends. They try to be like one another and they enjoy being together. • Critical relationship: characterized by a high level of conflict and teasing. • Rival relationship: siblings compete against each other and measure their success against one another. • Causal relationship: the relationship between them is not emotionally intense, and they may have little to do with one another.

7.3.92. Discuss each of the four parenting styles using examples not discussed in the textbook.

Difficulty: 3 Question ID: 7.3.92 Page Reference: 182-183 Topic: Parenting Styles Skill: Applied Answer: • Authoritative parents: are high in demandingness and high in responsiveness.

They set clear rules and expectations for their children. They make clear what the consequences will be if their children do not comply. They explain the reasons for the rules and expectations to their children. • Authoritarian parents: are high in demandingness but low in responsiveness.

They require obedience from their children, and they punish disobedience without compromise.

They expect their commands to be followed without dispute or dissent. In addition, they show

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little in the way of love or warmth toward their children. • Permissive parents: are low in demandingness and high in responsiveness. They have few clear expectations for their children's behavior and they rarely discipline them. They believe that children need love that is truly "unconditional." • Disengaged parents: are low in both demandingness and responsiveness. They seem uninvolved and even uninterested in their children's development. Their goal may be to minimize the amount of time and emotion they have to devote to parenting. They may seem to have little emotional attachment to them. • Students must provide examples on their own.

7.3.93. Discuss the three major historical changes affecting family life in the past 50 years.

Include a discussion of how these historical changes may affect adolescents.

Difficulty: 3 Question ID: 7.3.93 Page Reference: 197-199 Topic: The Past 50 Years Skill: Applied Answer: • Rise in the divorce rate: fifty years ago divorce was relatively rare in American society, compared with the present. • Rise in the rate of single-parent households: the rise in the divorce rate has contributed to a simultaneous rise in the rate of single-parent households. As well as divorce, there has been a rise in children living in households where parents have never been married. • Rise in the rate of dual-earner families: the rise of industrialization took most employment outside of the home and farm into factories, larger business, and government organizations. The trend in the last 50 years has been the rise of dual-earner families as mothers followed fathers out of the home and into the workplace.

7.3.94. Discuss the effects of single parenthood on adolescents.

Difficulty: 3 Question ID: 7.3.94 Page Reference: 203 Topic: Single Parenthood Skill: Applied Answer: • Adolescents have a greater likelihood for a variety of problems including psychological problems (e.g., depression, anxiety). • Academic achievement of adolescents tends to be lower. • Adolescents are more likely to be substance users/abusers. • Adolescents tend to be early initiators of sexual conduct.

7.3.95. Compare and contrast the description of street children from around the world. Use examples from India, Brazil and/or Kenya.

Difficulty: 3 Question ID: 7.3.95 Page Reference: 206-207 Topic: "Street Children" Around the World Skill: Factual Answer: • India: 11 million street children o reasons for living on the street include overcrowded homes, physical abuse, and parental substance abuse o about half of Indian street children are homeless o for street children, 4 out of 5 of their families are also homeless o most work as beggars, vendors, shoe shiners, or car cleaners o they have high rates of a variety of diseases such as cholera and typhoid o they are vulnerable to physical and sexual abuse o they

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are in frequent conflict with their parents over watching movies -- a very popular form of recreation in India o typically street children form gangs • Brazil: estimates range from 7 to 30 million o many are driven to the streets by poverty, seeking food, money, or clothes o some return home bringing what they have collected on the streets o many make a slow transition to the streets going out only a few hours a day until they don't return home at all o they are viewed as little criminals and future thieves • Kenya: there is a distinction between street boys and street girls o street boys outnumber street girls o street boys typically maintained contact with their families, often continuing to live with them and bringing most of their money home o street boys demonstrated impressive resourcefulness, forming friendships, taking advantage of aid programs, and developing cognitive skills o street girls had often left home to avoid sexual abuses, and once on the street they typically had no contact with their families, nor did they form friendships with other girls o street girls were evaluated mainly in sexual terms: if they were considered unattractive, they were shunned o often the leaders of street boy gangs took several street girls as "wives," providing them with food and protection from other boys in return for sex.

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