{}üüÍÛm-zôh-Ám-¢¼-Gbm-ºzïzÅ-zl-Vhüü
Glossary of Standardised Terms
Serial 18
Tibetan Terminology Project, Department of Education/CTA 2024
{}üüÍÛm-zôh-Ám-¢¼-Gbm-ºzïzÅ-zl-Vhüü
hïz-yïP-zTô-zMh-qü
(PïÅ-±ÛG-¤Z¤-£GÅü)
uÛ-Ez-¯ô¤-OÛG-qü Íô-Mm-zÇem-º²Ûmü
¯ô¤-OÛG-¾Å-¼ôGÅü zÇem-º²Ûm-¼z-MÅü PG-hzP-zÇemº²Ûmü ±ï-¼ÛP-hôm-Iâzü
;¤-qÞ‡¼-uÛ-Oô¤-¾¤-Çeôm-qü qj¨-º²ô¤Å-BÛhü
¤Zïm-VÅ-ÇÀôz-Çeôm-qü
Lm-„Àô-z¸P-Ǩôm-¾¤ü hGï-ºhÝm-hôm-»ôhü
Glossary of Standardised Terms (with Tibetan definitions)
Chief editor: Urgyen Tenzin,
Assistant editors: Tenzin Rapgyal, Ngawang Tenzin, Tsering Dhondup
Database consultant: Pema Zomkyi
Software consultants: ven. Lobsang Monlam, Gedun Dhonyoe
ÁïÅ-¼ÛG-¾Å-DÞPÅü
zl-Vh-hïz-yïP-zTô-zMh-qü
q¼-GŸÛ-hP-qôü 2024
hïz-IPÅü 500
q¼-Cæm-hP-±ôP-ºIï¤Åü
ÁïÅ-¼ÛG-q¼-DP.ü
Copy right DoE/CTA
TTP Serial 18
First edition 2024
500 copies
Printing & distribution
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email : shepardelhi@gmail.com
hïz-yïP-ºhÛ¼-ºDôh-qºÛ-f-ljh-n¤Å-ÁïÅ-¼ÛG-zl-Vh-±m-qºÛ-iÔ-GmÅ-
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Supported by: Danish International Development Assistance (DANIDA) through Community for International Cooperation in Education and Development (CICED), Denmark.
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Abbreviations
acc. Accountancy ¯ÛÅ-qºÛ-¾Å-¼ÛGÅü
adm. Administration º²Ûm-BôP-ü
aeron. Aeronautical
Gm¤-Iâ-z¸ô-z;ôh-ˆÛ-¼ÛG-GmÅü
agric. Agriculture Åô-m¤-ŸÛP-¾Åü
alg. Algebra ±z-¯ÛÅü
anat. Anatomy ‚P-DôG-¾ÞÅ-fÛG
anthrop. Anthropology ¤Û-¼ÛGÅ-hrh-ŸÛz-¼ÛG-qü
archaeol. Archaeology
Gmº-hÝÅ-ˆÛ-Áݾ-µÅ-hrh-¼ÛG
archit. Architecture DP-z¸ô-hP-ͼ-¾Å-ˆÛ-z;ôh-qü
arv Archives »ÛG-¤²ôhü
astrol. Astrology Ç+¼-¯ÛÅü
astron. Astronomy Gm¤-¼ÛG arith. Arithmetic ÍP-¯ÛÅü
aviat. Aviation Gm¤-IâºÛ-¼ÛG-¯¾ü
bacteriol. Bacteriology y-ÆÛm-hrh-¼ÛG
biochem. Biochemistry Bï-hPôÅ-µÅ-¢ô¼ü biol. Biology Bï-hPôÅ-¼ÛG-qü
bind. Book Binding hqï-hïz-ºGô-º±ï¤Åü
bot. Botany ¯Û-ÁÛP-¼ÛG-qü
ca. cultural anthropology ¼ÛG-GŸÝP-hP-¤Û-¼ÛGÅ-hrh-ŸÛzü
chem. Chemistry µÅ-¢ô¼-¼ÛG-qü
cine. Cinematography JÀôG-z½‰m-¾Å-¼ÛG
com Commerce ±ôP-¼ÛG
comn. Communication zl-ºyÛmü
compt. sc. Computer Science ;¤-qÞ-‡¼-±m-¼ÛG
dent. Dentistry ÅôºÛ-zTôÅ-fzÅü
eco. Ecology Çoôh-zTßh-¼ÛG-qü
econ. Economics hq¾-º‚ô¼ü
edu. Education ÁïÅ-»ômü
electr. Electrical JÀôG
embryol. Embryology £æ¤-ÆÛP-hrh-¼ÛG
engn. Engineering z¸ô-¼ÛG-ºV¼-ºGôhü
etymol. Etymology f-ljh-¼ÛG-qü
entomol. Entomology ºzÞ-ÆÛm-hrh-¼ÛG
environ. Environment Dô¼-»ÞG
fa. Fine arts wÞ¾-‚ãP-Nå-¯¾ü gene. Genetics ¼ÛGÅ-Mãm-hrh-ŸÛz-¼ÛG-qü
geog. Geography Å-MãÅ-¼ÛG-qü
geol. Geology Å-D¤Å-¼ÛG-qü
geom. Geometry fÛG-z;ôh-¯ÛÅ-¼ÛG
gym. Gymnastics ¯¾-¢ôP-¼ÛG-GmÅü
his. Historical ¾ô-MãÅü ‚ÝP-¼zÅü
hort. Horticulture Bïh-±¾-¾Å-¼ÛGÅü
ins Insurance ºGm-zTô¾ü
jrn. Journalism Gż-ºGôh-¾Å-¼ÛGÅü
law. Law FÛ¤Å-¾ÞGÅü
lib. Library hqï-¤²ôhü
ling. Linguistics Ç+h-¼ÛGÅ-¼ÛG-GmÅü
lit. Literature ¯ô¤-¼ÛG-Nå-¯¾ü
math. Mathematics ¯ÛÅ-ˆÛ-¼ÛG-GmÅü
mech. Mechanic(al) ºyâ¾-¼ÛG-z¸ô-¾Åü
med. Medicine Ǩm-hP-Ǩm-zTôÅü
metall. Metallurgy ¿UGÅ-¼ÛG-hrh-ŸÛz-¼ÛG-GmÅü
meteor. Meteorology Gm¤-GÁÛÅ-zdG-hrhü
mil. Military h¤G-hqÞP-hP-ºƒï¾-zºÛ-zl-Vhü
mine. Mineralogy Gbï¼-hPôÅ-¼ÛG-qü
mus. Music ¼ô¾-¤ôü
myth. Mythology ¿Ë-OæP-ü naut. Nautical Iâ-G¸ÛPÅ-hP-Vß-ºIâ¾-¾Å-¼ÛGÅü
nav. Naval ¤±ô-h¤G
neurosci. Neuroscience hzP-¯ºÛ-±m-¼ÛG
numis. Numismatics ‡¤-;ºÛ-z;ôh-¼ÛGÅü
opt. Optical ºôh-hP-ÇoP-Áï¾ü
ornith. Ornithology ºhz-VGÅ-hrh-¼ÛG
paint. Painting ¿Ë-ƒÛÅ-hP-¼Û-¤ôü
palaeon. Paleontology Ghôh-¤ºÛ-ÆôG-VGÅ-hP-Bï-hPôÅ-¼ÛG-qü parl. Parliamentary IôÅ-±ôGÅü
path. Pathology mh-hP-mh-ˆÛ-GZïm-qô-zÇeïm-fzÅü
phil. Philosophy ¿e-z-hP-Iâz-¤fºÛ-zl-Vhü
phon. Phonetics O-GhPÅ-¼ÛG-qü
photo. Photography z½‰m-q¼-¼ÛG-qü
phys. Physics hPôÅ-D¤Å-¼ÛG-qü
physiol. Physiology G¸ÞGÅ-D¤Å-hrh-¼ÛG
poet. Poetics ljm-PG
pol. Politics ÆÛh-hômü
prn. Printing q¼-Cæmü
psy-anal. Psychoanalysis Åï¤Å-D¤Å-hrh-¼ÛG
psycho. Psychology zŤ-„ÀôºÛ-±m-¼ÛG
pub. Publications q¼-Cæm-¾Å-¼ÛGÅü
rhet. Rhetorics Mm-HÛ-zÇem-zTôÅü
rel. Religion VôÅ-¾ÞGÅü
rockt. Rocketry ¤ï-ÁÝGÅ-wÞ¼-¤hºÛ-¼ÛG-¯¾ü
sculpt. Sculpture @ôÅ-h=ô¾-¼ÛG-qü
seism Seismology Å-»ô¤-hrh-¼ÛG
soc. Sociology uÛ-±ôGÅ-¼ÛG-qü
sport. Sports ¯ïh-¼ÛGÅü
stat. Statistics Çkô¤Å-zÁhü
surg. Surgery GÁG-zTôÅü
tech. Technical ºyݾ-¾Å-hP-z¸ô-¾Å-¾G-¯¾ü
technol. Technology z¸ô-¯¾-¼ÛG-qü
telecom. Telecommunications MP-ºyÛm-¾Å-¼ÛGÅü
theatr. Theatrical ¹ôÅ-G¼ü
theol. Theology ¿ËºÛ-n¤-GŸG
trans. Transportation ºIÛ¤-ºIâ¾ü
trig. Trigonometry ¸Þ¼-GÅÞ¤-¯ÛÅ-¼ÛG
typo. Typography ¿UGÅ-q¼-OÛG-z;ôhü
vet. Veterinary xãGÅ-mh-GÅô-¼ÛG
Weapn. Weaponry Gô-¤±ômü
zool. Zoology
ÆôG-VGÅ-±m-¼ÛG
xx DÞPÅ-D-Gž-¤ïh-qü
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Ad manager
Ad Manager
ad revenue
add-on
course
add-on service administrative assistant
administrative charge
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administra-
tive fee
administrative leave
advance guard advance
party advance payment
afternoon
shift agro-based
industry
agroindustry
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AI-generated image
AI-generated news
AI-generated video
altocumulus
altostratus amino
anencephaly
anglophile
anglophobe
animal
mimicry anthropocene
anti
gun
anti tank
mine
anticipatory
bail
anticipatory
breach
APN (Access
Point Name)
apostate
app lock
app permission
compt.sci.
phys
xx,soc
asset management
assistance to vote
adm
assistant to voter atomic philosophy
adm,pol
atrophy
attack
helicopter
attrition
warfare
audible
sound
audio jack
autistic savant
pstcho
autopay
autophagy
bacteriophage
ballot scanner
barcode
reader
barricade
base
sport
baseball
sport
baseman
bat
batter
battery saver
mode
battle profi-
ciency test
behaviour
modification
behind-the-
scenes
beta sheet
big reveal
bilateral relations
bilateral relations
bilateral symmetry
སྦྱོར་བྱུང་ན་མ་གཏོགས་སོ་སོ་རང་ངོས་
ནས་གནོད་འཚེ་གང་ཡང་མེད་པ་རེད།
bio break
biobank
biochemical
pathways
biogeochem-
ical cycle
biological
sex
biomass conversion
biometric
authentica-
tion
biopsychology
bipolar world black gold
blank vote
blockchain
bluetooth
pairing
board
meeting
boating lake
body image
body system
buzzword
channel member
channel
membership
technol
channel
trailer
chargeback
technol
chayote
chiaroscurist
technol com bot xx
geog
coeval
coffee break
coffee grinder collaboration
playlist
compt.sc
compt.sc
ཡེ་ཤུའི་གསུང་རབ་ཏུ་བསྟན་པ་ལྟར་འཇིག་ རྟེན་བཀོད་པ་པོས་ཅི་ཡང་མེད་པ་ནས་
དངོས་པོ་ཐམས་ཅད་བཀོད་པ་དང་། དེ་ལ་
བརྟེན་ནས་འཕེལ་འགྱུར་གྱི་རྣམ་གཞག་ནི་ ནོར་བ་ཡིན་པར་སྒྲུབ་པའི་འདོད་ཚུལ་ཞིག
creator
Customer
cross-func-
crowdsourced
customer fees
customer
interest
com,econ
customer
support representative
com,econ
cyber
resilience
com,econ
Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS)
tech
tech
deep space
deep state
deepfake detection tools
defence
defense
dengue fever
རུང་གཅིག་གིས་རྐྱེན་བྱས་ཤིང་དུག་སྦྲང་ གིས་བརྒྱུད་སྤེལ་བྱས་པའི་འགོ་ཉེན་ཅན་ གྱི་ཚ་ནད་དྲག་པོ་ཞིག་ལ་ཟེར་ཞིང་། ནད་
dengue virus
dependent
variable
deserter
desk audit
determina-
tion
detritivore
developmen-
tal psychol-
ogy
diagnostic test
diatribe
dichroic
diet
dietary
digital ledger
digital literacy
Digital
lic Infrastruc-
ture (DPI)
digital
Digital Rights
Management
(DRM)
digital
ID
digital wellbeing
dilatometer diplomatic
dipstick
direct flight
direct instruction
discussion
forum displayport divine
DNA replication
Do Not
Disturb
document
control
documentation
drill instructor
drip pricing driving under the influence drowsy due bill due date
due process
dynamic equilibrium
eardrum
adm adm anat
Earned Value
Management (EVM)
com,econ
echo chamber
soc,ca
economic interest
economically
weaker
section
e-content
ectothermy
educational
technology
བོ་ཞིག་གི་ཚོར་སྣང་དང་ཡ་ལན།
end
endocrine
endosperm
endotherm
endothermy
energy
poverty
energy
engagement
metrics
engine
engineering
psychology
enochlopho-
bia
entomopha-
gist entomophagy
psycho
environmen-
tal psychol-
ogy
epigenetics
soc,ca
equal
opportunity
eSIM (Embedded SIM)
blueprints
dating
group chat
facebook live
facebook live
shopping
memories
watch
facilitator
fact-checking
factory cost
factory preset
factory price
factory
production
factory reset
factory-gate
price
fallow land
false memory
fan badge
fan funding
fan war
flag march
flag-waving
flamethrower
flavor
flexibility fluorescent lamp
འདོན་པའི་ཁྲིམས་འགལ་གྱི་བྱ་སྤྱོད། ཉེ་འགྲམ་གྱི་དངོས་པོ་གཞན་ཞིག་གི་འདར་
fuel injector
full-stack
developer
gametocyte
gamification
gas discharge
tube
gaseous fuel
gate control theory
gauge cluster
gazetteer
gene cloning
gene transfer
general
genetic
genetic
predisposi-
tion
genital
herpes
geofencing
geosphere
གཙོ་རིམ་སྐར་མ་དཀྱུས་མ་ཁག་དང་བསྡུར་ ན་བོངས་ཚད་དང་བཀྲག་མདངས་གཉིས་ཀ་
gill
glaucoma
glycoprotein
grace and favour
grace mark
gradualism
grana
granulocyte
Graphic
Processing
Unit
grassroots
movement
gravitate
potential energy
gray column
great cardiac vein
grid and guides groove guerrilla warfare
guesstimate
guest post
gunship
gyroscope
hacktivism
halcyon day
handbook
head
headwind
health expert
health spa
health
warning
healthy
relationship
heart
pacemaker
hepatatis A
hepatitis B
hepatitis C
hepatitis E
hepatocellular carcinoma
heptathlon
heteroge-
neous group
heterozygous
hindbrain
hindquarter
home plate/ home base
homininae
homo erectus
homo habilis
homoge-
neous group
hot take
hot topic
housing
benefit
Hypertext
Transfer Pro-
tocol (HTTP)
humanistic
psychology
humanitarian
aid
hung
parliament
husband
material
hybrid
hybrid
learning
hybrid
warfare
hybrid work
hydroskeleton
hype
hyperinflation
Interna-
tional Mobile
Subscriber
Identity independent variable
indie film individual psychology
individual-
ized education plan
individualized educa-
tion program induction
motor
inductor industrial park industrial product
industrial production
inelastic
Infantry
Fighting
Vehicle (IFV)
infield
influencer
influencer
journalism
influencer
marketing
influencer
pods
influencer
reporting
journ
Infosec
དུ་ཡོད་པའི་སྐྱེ་བོ་ཞིག་གིས་སམ། ནང་
Intelligent Automation (IA)
inter-communication
interim award
interim order
interim relief
interim reply
interim report
Internet of Behavior (IoB)
internet traffic jam
interneuron
interoception
interoperability
intersex
intersex
intertidal zone
intransigence
intrinsic motivation
invalid vote
IP address
issue log
IT administrator
jammer
jujitsu
jump starter
jungle gym
jungle
karate
karate
keystone
kick the habit
kingmaker
kirkpatrick
model
knowledge
transfer
Key Perfor-
mance Indicator (KPI)
land girl
lander
landing gear
language
genocide
large language model
123
large language model
lateral
lateral entry
layover
leader of opposition
leadership pipeline
league table
lean management
leapfrog
learning objectives
པའི་སྒོ་ནས་རྩ་མེད་བཟོ་པའི་བྱ་གཞག
ས་ཁུལ་བྲེ་བྲག་པ་ཞིག་དང་ས་བབ་ཀྱི་ཁྱབ་ ཚད་ངེས་ཅན་ཞིག་ཏུ་མཐོང་རྒྱུ་ཡོད་པའི་
གཉིས་པ་ཐོབ་མཁན་དང་རྒྱལ་ཁ་ཐོབ་
མཁན་གྱི་འོས་མི་བར་ལ་ཡོད་པའི་ཕམ་ཁའི་
marketplace
mass
deportation
mathematical
psychology
media
ecosystem
media
planner
moth
mound
mudslide
Multi-Chan-
nel Network (MCN)
multilateral
relation multipolar
world
muscle memory
muscle memory
national convention
Natural Language Processing
(NLP): navigation
lights
navigation
system negative
stimulus
network reset
neurospora
neurosurgeon
neutral stimulus
nimbostratus
no man’s
land
no-bid contract
no-bid contract
པར་དྲྭ་ཐོག་བརྒྱུད་ནས་སློབ་ཕྲུག་རྣམས་
opencast
mining ophidiophobia opinion piece
opposition
party
optical drive
optical mark
reader
optical mark
recognition
oral rehydration solution (orS)
oral rehydration solution (ORS)
བརྒལ་བའི་རྔུལ་ནག་ཐོན་པ་སོགས་ཀྱིས་
རྐྱེན་བྱས་ཏེ་ཆུ་ཁམས་ཟད་པའི་ནད་རྟགས་
བཅོས་ཐབས་སུ་སྤྲད་པའི་སྨན་ཕྱེའི་ཐུམ་
oral rehydration therapy
organ of Corti organic waste
ostracism
other backward class (OBC) outfield
over the air oxide
paddock girl
149
paddock girl
ཙམ་ཞིག་ཞི་ཐབས་བྱེད་པའི་སྨན་བཅོས།
performance
review
personal
personaliza-
tion engine
personnel
psychology
persons with disabilities
pharmafood
photocatalysis
photoflash
positive stimulus
practice
coach
project
kickoff
project lead
project life-
cycle
Project
Portfolio
Management (PPM)
project
swarming
strategy
adm adm,pol adm adm adm
ཡང་ ན་རྩོད་པ་སློང་བར་བྱེད་པ།
psychologi-
cal test
psychometrics
public interest
public inter-
est litigation
public school psycho
Personal
Unblocking
གསང་ཚིག་ནོར་བ་ཐེངས་མང་བཅུག་པ་ལ་
quantitative psychology
quaternary structure
question hour psycho chem adm,pol
rebranding
recapitulation
receipt
recitation
recluse
recognition
recognizance
recommend-
ed dietary allowances
recompense
reconnaissance
reconnais-
sance aircraft
reconnoiter
record
recorder xx adm,pol adm adm
recording
recordist recourse
rector
recuperator
sandboxing
scaffold
Scholastic
selective memory
self contentment
self observation
self-effacing
self-efficacy
selfexamination
selfexhibition
selfinstruction
selfintroduction self-produced
shadow
cabinet
shoelace
sintering skatepark
Solid State Drive (SSD)
starting line
stellate cell
stratocumulus
stratus
teaching practice
teak
team
teddy bear
telegnosis
telencephalon
terminal
video description
video editor
video recording
videographer
visa-free
transit
voice
voice
voice
voice
voluntary retirement scheme
vote with one’s feet
voter turnout
Virtual Private Network
walking papers
walkout bout
walkout bout
Kids
