C435003_강병우_설계설명서

THOUSAND LIGHTS

ARCHITECTURE STUDIO (5) BYEONG WOO KANG

TABLE OF CONTENTS 01 FACADE STUDY 02 CONTEXT 03 CONCEPT 04 STRUCTURE 05 COMPUTATION 06 VISUALIZATION 07 PLAN 08 MODEL PHOTO

PROJECT DATA Location 31 Building Site Cheonggyecheon-ro, Jongno-gu Seoul, South Korea

Site Area 2,072㎡

Building Coverage Ratio 48%

Floor Area Ratio 783%

Building Scale B4 / 20F

Primary Program Office Photography Studio

Structural System Steel Exoskeleton Diagrid Structure

Design Tools Rhino 8 Grasshopper Karamba3D

Designer Byeong woo Kang Hongik University

CAMERA OBSCURA

01 FACADE STUDY

CAMERA OBSCURA The project began with an investigation into the optical principle of the camera obscura.

Light passing through a small aperture projects an inverted image whose intensity and distortion vary according to the size and geometry of the opening.

Rather than treating this phenomenon as a visual effect, the project interprets it as a geometric system capable of generating architectural form.

ARCHITECTURE DESIGN (5)

Single Aperture

Multiple Apertures

LIGHT EXPERIMENT The optical behavior of light was investigated through a series of pinhole camera experiments with varying aperture sizes and configurations.

Changing the number and arrangement of apertures produced different patterns of projection,revealing variations in brightness, diffusion, and directionality.

These experimental observations were translated into parametric design rules, ultimately informing the adaptive façade system developed for the project.

01 FACADE STUDY

ADAPTIVE FACADE Inspired by the behavior of light observed through the pinhole experiments, the façade was developed as a parametric system in which panel rotation varies according to the program of space.

ARCHITECTURE DESIGN (5)

PANEL SYSTEM The façade is composed of modular rotating panels mounted on an independent steel support system.

Each panel is connected to the curtain wall through a dedicated bracket and rotation mechanism, allowing different opening angles to be assigned according to the spatial program.

MATERIALS • 6 mm ACP Panel • Steel Panel Frame • Rotation Bracket • Link Arm • Curtain Wall Support

DESIGN LOGIC The façade was designed as an environmental system that regulates daylight according to the specific requirements of each program.

Rather than applying a uniform opening angle, each program zone is assigned a different maximum panel rotation.

Office spaces are limited to 15° to provide stable indirect daylight for working environments, film archive areas are restricted to 5° to minimize light exposure, while public spaces such as the lobby and terraces open up to 25° to maximize openness and outward views.

In addition, variations in both panel size and rotation create diverse framing conditions and visual experiences from the interior, while generating a dynamic façade composition on the exterior. As a result, the façade functions not only as a daylight control system but also as an architectural interface that expresses the spatial program of the building.

01 FACADE STUDY

LINKARM CYLINDER BRACING SPHERICAL CLEVIS FRAME

VERTICAL FRAME BRACKET LINKARM CYLINDER

C CHANNEL

CURTAINWALL FRAME

C CHANNEL 6mm ACP PANEL

RACK GEAR MOTOR

Panel Connection Detail

ARCHITECTURE DESIGN (5)

URBAN HEIGHT

SITE

A distinct height gradient exists around the site, with high-rise office towers concentrated to the south and lower-rise urban blocks extending to the north.

This transition creates an opportunity for the building to act as an urban mediator, bridging two contrasting scales through its vertical massing and spatial organization.

LOW

02 CONTEXT

HIGH

PUBLIC LANDSCAPE

Rather than treating green space as a separate landscape element, the project extends the ecological character of Cheonggyecheon into the architecture through a vertically connected public landscape.

This strategy strengthens the relationship between the city, landscape, and architecture while taking advantage of Seoul's incentive zoning policy for publicly accessible open space. By providing an accessible public landscape, the project earns over 40 meters of additional building height incentive, allowing the building to achieve a taller vertical composition without compromising the quality of the public realm.

ARCHITECTURE DESIGN (5)

CORE

The project adopts a longitudinal core that organizes the building from front to back, responding to the contrasting urban conditions on the north and south sides of the site.

Rather than dividing the building into separate masses, the elongated core establishes distinct program zones within a single continuous volume.

The core also incorporates gender-neutral restrooms, providing a more inclusive and flexible shared facility while reducing redundant circulation and service spaces.

Together with the vertical circulation and building services, the core functions as the primary organizational framework for the entire project.

03 CONCEPT

MASS PROCESS

MASS

ROTATE

CARVE

RESIZE

Rotation orienting the mass toward N Seoul Tower Inspired by the focusing movement of a camera lens

Aperture-driven incision shaping the edge of the mass

Lower volume tapered to secure ground-level public green

ARCHITECTURE DESIGN (5)

PROGRAM

03 CONCEPT

DESIGN PRINCIPLES

01 - CONTEXT The project begins with a careful reading of the site's contrasting urban conditions.

Rather than treating these differences as constraints, the design transforms them into an organizing framework for massing, circulation, and public engagement.

02 - LIGHT The optical behavior of the camera obscura became the project's primary source of investigation.

Observations of projection, diffusion, and aperture informed a design methodology that translates light into architectural geometry.

03 - PROGRAM Spaces are organized according to their environmental and experiential requirements.

Each program responds to different levels of daylight, openness, and privacy, establishing a clear spatial hierarchy throughout the building.

04 - SYSTEM An adaptive facade system translates programmatic requirements into a responsive architectural skin.

Instead of operating as a uniform envelope, panel rotation varies by program zone to regulate daylight while expressing the building's internal organization.

05 - FORM The final architectural form emerges from the integration of context, light, program, and system.

Rather than pursuing an arbitrary sculptural expression, the mass is shaped as the physical outcome of a continuous design process.

ARCHITECTURE DESIGN (5)

EXOSKELETON STRUCTURE

04 STRUCTURE

MAIN STRUCTURE

Ø 1500

SECONDARY STRUCTURE

Ø 300

BRACING MEMBER

Ø 300

STRUCTURAL STRATEGY The exoskeleton is organized as a hierarchical structural system in which each member performs a distinct structural role.

Rather than relying on a single structural layer, the system combines primary members, secondary members, and bracing elements to establish a continuous load path throughout the building.

01 - MAIN STRUCTURE The primary structural members carry the majority of the building's vertical loads and establish the principal load path from the upper floors to the foundation.

02 - SECONDARY STRUCTURE Secondary members support the facade system while distributing local loads to the primary structural frame, increasing the overall continuity of the structural network.

03 - BRACING MEMBERS Bracing members are introduced to resist torsional forces generated by the twisting geometry of the tower.

Their arrangement follows the anticipated flow of forces, improving lateral stiffness and stabilizing the exoskeleton.

ARCHITECTURE DESIGN (5)

STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS USING KARAMBA3D

The exoskeleton demonstrated stable overall structural behavior under the applied loading conditions.

However, the analysis revealed localized regions where compressive forces were concentrated, indicating the need for additional structural reinforcement.

04 STRUCTURE

STRUCTURAL REFINEMENT

Based on the structural analysis, additional bracing members were introduced in regions where compressive forces were concentrated.

Rather than modifying the primary structural members, the reinforcement strategy improves structural efficiency while preserving the original exoskeleton geometry.

The additional bracing establishes a more continuous load path, reducing localized structural demand and improving the overall stiffness of the exoskeleton.

ARCHITECTURE DESIGN (5)

BEAM

RING BEAM

04 STRUCTURE

RADIAL BEAMS

A continuous 600 mm cellular beam forms the perimeter ring of each floor, connecting the exoskeleton into a unified structural frame.

600 mm cellular radial beams span from the perimeter ring beam to the concrete core, establishing the primary floor support system.

The ring beam resists torsional forces generated by the irregular floor geometry while distributing structural loads continuously around the perimeter.

These members transfer gravity loads efficiently from the floor slabs to both the core and the exoskeleton.

BEAM CONNECTION

The floor system is completed by connecting the perimeter ring beam to the radial cellular beams, which transfer structural loads directly to the concrete core.

This connection establishes a continuous load path between the core and the exterior exoskeleton.

ARCHITECTURE DESIGN (5)

COMPUTATION WORKFLOW

FULL GRASSHOPPER CODE

The computational workflow was organized into three main systems: mass generation, exoskeleton and facade generation, and beam generation.

Each part was developed as a connected parametric process, allowing changes in the design geometry to update the structural and facade systems consistently.

05 COMPUTATION

MASS GENERATION

MASS CODE

The mass was generated through a sequence of geometric operations, including rotation, carving, and resizing.

These operations established the base volume from which the structural and facade systems were later derived.

ARCHITECTURE DESIGN (5)

EXOSKELETON + FACADE GENERATION

EXOSKELETON + FACADE CODE The exoskeleton and facade were generated from the same base surface, allowing the structural frame and adaptive panels to maintain geometric consistency.

The workflow was developed using Grasshopper and GHPython, with AI-assisted vibe coding through GPT and Claude to accelerate scripting, debugging, and parametric development.

05 COMPUTATION

BEAM GENERATION

BEAM CODE

The beam system was generated in response to the irregular floor geometry.

Ring beams and radial beams were automatically derived from floor outlines and core positions using Grasshopper and GHPython.

AI-assisted scripting with GPT and Claude supported the development and refinement of the computational workflow.

ARCHITECTURE DESIGN (5)

06 VISUALIZATION

ARCHITECTURE DESIGN (5)

06 VISUALIZATION

ARCHITECTURE DESIGN (5)

MA IN ST R U C TU R E Ø 15 00 FL + 101. 5

R F FL + 96 . 0

ME TA L D IA GON A L F R A ME 2 0 F FL + 9 0 . 0

19 F FL + 8 5 . 5

18 F FL + 8 1.0

17F FL + 76 . 5

16 F FL + 72 . 0

15 F FL + 6 7. 5

14 F FL + 6 3 . 0

W H ITE A C P PA N EL

13 F FL + 5 8 . 5

ELEVA

12 F FL + 5 4 . 0

11F FL + 4 9 . 5

10 F FL + 4 5 . 0

9 F FL + 40 . 5

8 F FL + 36 . 0

7F FL + 31. 5

6 F FL + 27. 0

5 F FL + 22 . 5

4 F FL + 18 . 0

3 F FL + 13 . 5

2 F FL + 9. 0

1F FL + 0

Front elevation Scale : 1/200 07 PLAN

ATION

MA IN S T R U C T U R E Ø 15 00 F L + 1 01.5

R F FL + 96 . 0

ME TA L DIA GON A L F R A ME 2 0 F F L + 9 0 .0

1 9 F F L + 8 5 .5

1 8 F F L + 8 1 .0

1 7 F F L + 7 6 .5

1 6 F F L + 7 2 .0

1 5 F F L + 6 7 .5

1 4 F F L + 6 3 .0

W H ITE A C P PA N E L

1 3 F F L + 5 8 .5

1 2 F F L + 5 4 .0

1 1 F F L + 4 9 .5

1 0 F F L + 4 5 .0

9 F FL + 40 . 5

8 F FL + 36 . 0

7 F FL + 31 . 5

6 F FL + 27 . 0

5 F FL + 22 . 5

4 F FL + 18 . 0

3 F FL + 13 . 5

2 F FL + 9. 0

1 F FL + 0

Right elevation Scale : 1/200 ARCHITECTURE DESIGN (5)

SUB ENTRANCE CAR ENTRANCE

삼 일 대 로 MAIN ENTRANCE PROJECT DATA Location 31 Building Site Cheonggyecheon-ro, Jongno-gu Seoul, South Korea Site Area 2,072 m² Building Coverage Ratio 48% Floor Area Ratio 783%

청계천

Building Scale B4 / 20F Primary Program Photography Studio Office Structural System Steel Exoskeleton Diagrid Structure

2 OPEN TO ABOVE

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7F PLAN SCALE : 1 / 200 1.

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Meeting Space Photo Studio

2 OPEN TO BELOW

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8F PLAN SCALE : 1 / 200 1.

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Work Space Void

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1 OPEN TO ABOVE

14F PLAN SCALE : 1 / 200 1.

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Work Space

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1 OPEN TO BELOW

15F PLAN SCALE : 1 / 200 1.

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Void

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16F PLAN SCALE : 1 / 200

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15

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MAIN S TRU C TU RE Ø 1 500

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TRAN S F ER GIRD ER 1

PROGRAM NUMBER 1 LOBBY 2 GALLERY 3 CAFE 4 GIFT SHOP 5 OBSCURA SPACE 6 SEMINAR SPACE 7 FILM ARCHIVE 8 MEETING SPACE 9 STUDIO (MID SIZE / ONE ROOM) 10 WORKSPACE 11 STUDIO (SMALL SIZE / TWO ROOM) 12 CONFERENCE SPACE 13 OFFICE LOUNGE 14 OFFICE 15 SKY LOUNGE

06 VISUALIZATION

Sectional perspective

KICK OFF PROJECT MODEL

08 MODEL PHOTO

ARCHITECTURE DESIGN (5)

STRUCTURE MODEL

08 MODEL PHOTO

ARCHITECTURE DESIGN (5)

FINAL MODEL

08 MODEL PHOTO

ARCHITECTURE DESIGN (5)

FINAL MODEL

08 MODEL PHOTO

ARCHITECTURE DESIGN (5)

FINAL MODEL

08 MODEL PHOTO

ARCHITECTURE DESIGN (5)