Medical Laboratory Observer CLR 2025

Page 15


A SUPPLEMENT OF

FEATURING

cross references of tests, equipment, products, services + REFERENCE

GUIDES

drug levels, toxicity levels, critical values, reference intervals

HOW TO USE CLR

an annual supplement provided by MLO reflecting peer-reviewed clinical laboratory reference guides, as well as market resources available to clinical laboratorians.

The product information section includes company descriptions, their essential laboratory products, and contact information for pricing and ordering.

The

index conveniently categorizes and cross-references laboratory products by test names, equipment types, and services provided.

Cover image: kirstypargeter / iStock / Getty Images Plus/ Getty Images

Our annual guide

Medical Laboratory Observer’s annual reference guide, Clinical Laboratory Reference (CLR) is the industry’s only complete resource guide providing tables of critical values and high and low critical limits; cutoff concentrations for drug tests; critical values for therapeutic drug levels; adult reference intervals; and pediatric reference intervals. CLR also provides an extensive, alphabetical guide to tests, equipment, and services for the clinical lab market, along with company descriptions and contact information for ordering and pricing.

The tables of critical limits, critical values, and reference intervals help laboratorians interpret test results. Laboratory communication of abnormal test results is an essential aspect of patient care. Critical limits establish the upper and lower values that indicate when a patient’s medical condition may be precarious, requiring the immediate attention of the provider who ordered the test. A clinical laboratory critical value is a test result that falls significantly outside the normal reference interval and indicates a potentially life-threatening situation requiring immediate medical attention. Clinical laboratory reference intervals (also known as reference ranges) are the set of values used by healthcare providers to interpret laboratory test results. These intervals represent the expected range of values for a healthy population and help determine whether a patient’s test result is normal, low, or high. These decision tools assist in one of the top goals in healthcare: timely communication.

I want to thank our committed reviewers of these tables; without them this important resource would not be available:

• The tables of critical limits and values were reviewed and updated by Gerald Kost, MD, PhD, MS, FADLM of the POCT•CTR, School of Medicine, UC Davis, and his UC Honors Program student team. A new point-of-care testing critical limits table is included this year based on their research published March 2025 in “Visualization of Critical Limits and Critical Values Facilitates Interpretation” in Diagnostics.

• The cutoff concentrations for drug tests table was reviewed by Suhash Harwani, PhD, Senior Director of Science for Workforce Health Solutions at Quest Diagnostics. Fentanyl is newly added this year based on the “Mandatory Guidelines for Federal Workplace Drug Testing Programs— Authorized Testing Panels” published January 16, 2025, in the Federal Register.

• The critical values for therapeutic drug values table was reviewed and updated by Rajasri Chandra, MS, MBA.

• The table of reference intervals was reviewed and updated by Sean T. Campbell, PhD, DABCC, FADLM, Clinical Biochemist, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON.

• The pediatric reference intervals table was reviewed and updated by Khosrow Adeli, PhD, FCACB, DABCC, FADLM, Head, Clinical Biochemistry, Hospital for Sick Children and Principle Investigator – CALIPER Program, along with Erin Brady, MLO Managing Editor. Lastly, I hope you enjoy reading “Top trends in the clinical lab” by Erin Brady. Five laboratory industry professionals provided their insights on the top trends they are seeing in the lab world around topics such as artificial intelligence, automation, data analytics, staffing challenges in rural laboratories, continued growth of point-of-care testing, and lab safety challenges.

For the online version of CLR, please visit www.clr-online.com.

For comments or feedback on CLR, please feel to reach out to me at cwichmann@ mlo-online.com.

Vol. 57, No. 7

PUBLISHER Chris Driscoll cdriscoll@endeavorb2b.com

EDITOR IN CHIEF Christina Wichmann cwichmann@mlo-online.com

MANAGING EDITOR Erin Brady ebrady@endeavorb2b.com

PRODUCTION MANAGER Edward Bartlett

ART DIRECTOR Kelli Mylchreest

AUDIENCE DEVELOPMENT/LIST RENTALS Laura Moulton | lmoulton@endeavorb2b.com

ADVERTISING SERVICES MANAGER Karen Runion | krunion@endeavorb2b.com

ADVERTISING

DIRECTOR OF SALES

EAST COAST/MIDWEST SALES, CLASSIFIEDS Carol Vovcsko (941) 321-2873 | cvovcsko@mlo-online.com

SOUTH/WEST COAST/ILLINOIS SALES Lora Harrell (941) 328-3707 | lharrell@mlo-online.com

MLO EDITORIAL ADVISORY BOARD

John Brunstein, PhD, Biochemistry (Molecular Virology) President & CSO PathoID, Inc., British Columbia, Canada

Lisa-Jean Clifford, COO & Chief Strategy Officer Gestalt, Spokane, WA

Barbara Strain, MA, SM(ASCP), CVAHP Principal, Barbara Strain Consulting LLC, Formerly Director, Value Management, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA

Jeffrey D. Klausner, MD, MPH Professor of Preventive Medicine in the Division of Disease Prevention, Policy and Global Health, Department of Preventive Medicine at University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine. Donna Beasley, DLM(ASCP), Director, Huron Healthcare, Chicago, IL

Anthony Kurec, MS, H(ASCP)DLM, Clinical Associate Professor, Emeritus SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY

Suzanne Butch, MLS(ASCP)CM, SBBCM, DLMCM Freelance Consultant, Avon, OH

Paul R. Eden, Jr., MT(ASCP), PhD, Lt. Col., USAF (ret.), (formerly) Chief, Laboratory Services, 88th Diagnostics/Therapeutics Squadron, Wright-Patterson AFB, OH

Daniel J. Scungio, MT (ASCP), SLS, CQA (ASQ), Consultant at Dan the Lab Safety Man and Safety Officer at Sentara Healthcare, Norfolk, VA CORPORATE TEAM

CEO Chris Ferrell

COO Patrick Rains

CRO Paul Andrews

CDO Jacquie Niemiec

CALO Tracy Kane

CMO Amanda Landsaw EVP HEALTHCARE, CITY SERVICES & DIGITAL INFRASTRUCTURE Kylie Hirko 30 Burton Hills Blvd., Suite 185 Nashville, TN 37215 800-547-7377 | www.mlo-online.com

Medical Laboratory Observer USPS Permit 60930, ISSN 0580-7247 print, ISSN 2771-6759 online is published 10 times annually (Jan, Mar, Apr, May, Jul, Aug, Aug-CLR, Sep, Oct, Nov) by Endeavor Business Media, LLC. 201 N Main St 5th Floor, Fort Atkinson, WI 53538. Periodicals postage paid at Fort Atkinson, WI, and additional mailing offices. POSTMASTER: Send address changes to Medical Laboratory Observer, PO Box 3257, Northbrook, IL 60065-3257. SUBSCRIPTIONS: Publisher reserves the right to reject non-qualified subscriptions. Subscription prices: U.S. $160.00 per year; Canada/Mexico $193.75 per year; All other countries $276.25 per year. All subscriptions are payable in U.S. funds. Send subscription inquiries to Medical Laboratory Observer, PO Box 3257, Northbrook, IL 60065-3257. Customer service can be reached toll-free at 877-382-9187 or at MLO@ omeda.com for magazine subscription assistance or questions. Printed in the USA. Copyright 2025 Endeavor Business Media, LLC. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any

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Top trends in the clinical lab

2025 has been an eventful year for the clinical laboratory industry with the overturning of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration’s (FDA) Laboratory Developed Test (LDT) rule, the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) restructuring and cuts, and the continued rise of artificial intelligence (AI). On top of that, staffing shortages and burnout continue to burden labs.

MLO asked professionals what trends they’ve been observing in labs so far this year. Here is what they said:

AI and automation

Lisa-Jean Clifford, President, Gestalt Diagnostics

We are experiencing the advancement and increase in adoption of digital pathology solutions to enhance pathologists’ workflows. There is also a focus on incorporating AI to improve accuracy and reduce fatigue for pathologists in their interpretation of cases. This also provides faster turn around times.

Another trend in AI automation is that for workflow optimization within the organization; with AI being used in administrative functions and analysis in business process improvement. Generative AI is being used, or at least piloted for use, by many organizations to help improve non-diagnostic work – more as an assistant in items like note taking, reporting, communications, etc.

We are also seeing a big push for cross-specialty communication and collaboration on patients both in the diagnosis and the treatment decisions for patients. This area will continue to evolve as a focus on things like enterprise imaging and data value continues.

Adapting to workforce challenges in rural clinical laboratories

Lynn Evans, Director of Human Resources, Interpath Laboratory

A key trend we’re observing across clinical laboratories in 2025 is the growing emphasis on workforce flexibility and remote-enabled operations—an especially important evolution for rural labs like ours. Our core reference laboratory in Pendleton, Oregon, manages a high testing volume with

limited staff, requiring our medical laboratory scientists (MLS) to maintain deep specialization in their disciplines. While this ensures accuracy and efficiency, it makes cross-training difficult, even though we recognize it as a best practice for long-term sustainability.

To help address these challenges, we’ve begun adopting digital imaging platforms that allow for remote review and analysis by qualified MLS professionals. This advancement has expanded our ability to recruit top-tier talent beyond our immediate geographic region—an enormous benefit in a rural setting where it can be difficult to attract and retain highly specialized laboratory staff. From an HR standpoint, this technology supports more flexible staffing models while maintaining the high standards required for diagnostic accuracy. As we continue to evolve, we’re focused on balancing specialization with gradual cross-training initiatives and leveraging technology to build a more agile, resilient workforce.

The 3 ‘As’ – Automation, Analytics, AI

Kim Futrell, MLS(ASCP), BSHI, Senior Strategic Marketing Manager, Orchard Software

In 2025, the push is for clinical laboratories to be more efficient than ever due to continued staffing shortages. The good news is that there are advances in technology helping that efficiency along. For instance, laboratories can expect to see continued advancements in automation, AI, and data analytics. Automation systems are being deployed to handle manual aliquoting and pre-analytical steps in assay workflows. These systems improve the quality and reliability of results, reduce processing time, and enhance test turnaround time.

AI is revolutionizing laboratory information systems (LIS) by enabling advanced diagnostics, predictive insights, and workflow optimization. AI-powered algorithms assist in automating sample tracking, quality control, and anomaly

detection, providing actionable insights to improve diagnostic accuracy and laboratory efficiency.

Data analytics tools are being integrated into LIS platforms to unlock valuable insights from laboratory data, helping laboratories make informed decisions and drive continuous quality improvement. These trends highlight the growing importance of technology in clinical laboratories, driving improvements in efficiency, accuracy, and patient care.

Continued regulatory & billing uncertainty

Laboratories also continue to face challenges related to billing and reimbursement. Regulatory scrutiny of laboratory billing practices has increased, with a focus on compliance risks and the potential for financial penalties. Laboratories must stay abreast of evolving legal and compliance considerations to avoid violations and ensure the financial health of their operations. Overall, clinical laboratories navigate a multifaceted regulatory environment that includes compliance with CLIA, HIPAA, and other federal and state laws, while also addressing billing and reimbursement challenges.

Continued growth in POCT

Driven by many factors, point-of-care testing (POCT) continues to gain traction. The ability of POCT to provide immediate results is crucial for timely medical interventions. The need to care for a growing geriatric population, increasing prevalence of genetic disorders, and the need for rapid disease diagnosis and prevention are likely to continue to boost the POCT market. Overall, the continued growth in POCT reflects its importance in improving patient care, reducing healthcare costs, and enhancing the efficiency of diagnostics. This often means that laboratories have to oversee and manage POCT, which can be a challenge.

Continued growth in personalized medicine

Personalized medicine is set to continue its rapid growth as well, transforming laboratories and the healthcare landscape. Personalized medicine tailors medical treatment to the individual characteristics of each patient, leveraging advancements in genomics, bioinformatics, and data analytics. Laboratories are increasingly adopting next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies, enabling faster and more precise genetic testing for disease detection and treatment. The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) is further enhancing the ability to analyze vast amounts of patient data, providing insights that drive personalized treatment plans. Additionally, the rise of mobile health apps and wearable devices is facilitating real-time data collection, improving the accuracy and effectiveness of personalized treatments. As personalized medicine continues to evolve, clinical laboratories will play a crucial role in delivering tailored diagnostics that ultimately improve patient outcomes.

Two lab safety trends in 2025

Dan

, MLS (ASCP),

(ASQ), Owner, Dan The Lab Safety Man, Inc.

Personal electronic devices

Labs continue to deal with the use of personal electronic devices such as cell phones, ear buds, and fitness trackers.

These items present an infection control risk, but many in lab leadership do not understand the risks or they feel unable to fight the use of this technology. Unfortunately, that is a dangerous pathwaythere are already cases of laboratorians who have been hospitalized for using such devices in the department and bringing them home. Since the addiction to social media and these devices is strong, perhaps leaders should look at e-breaks rather than allowing these devices to continue to generate infection risks for their staff.

Specimen transport

With the pandemic well behind us, many labs are now being pressured by other departments to allow all respiratory specimens to be sent to the lab via the pneumatic tube system (PTS). Although COVID-19 is not as great a concern as it once was, the use of the PTS is still a known aerosol generating process. That means that those who open the tube carriers in the lab are at risk for airborne exposure. This includes influenza, tuberculosis, and even measles. Perform a risk assessment to determine the best practice for transporting respiratory specimens to the lab.

A clinical laboratory trend continues: Data rich and information poor

Barbara Strain, MA, CVAHP, Principal, Barbara Strain Consulting LLC

Laboratory testing is central to healthcare, with ~70% of EMRs containing test results and at least 70% of medical decisions rely on them. As pathologists and technologists reexamine test methods, their priority remains delivering precise, easily interpretable, and actionable data.

All future predications reference AI and it is certainly transforming laboratory diagnostics today. Though still emerging, AI can utilize large data lakes with laboratory and other types of raw test results with patient demographics, symptoms, vital signs, diagnosis, and physiological patterns, to enhance triage in Emergency Departments. With AI likely to also be standard in procedural areas and nursing practice assisting but not taking the place of human trained decision making.

The future of lab AI depends on collaboration among pathologists, technologists, and manufacturers to streamline test validation and development of new test. An AI raw data-driven tool could analyze patient demographics, genetic profiles, disease states, as well as specimen collection methods to automate equipment selection or onboard new test modalities—optimizing efficiency and accelerating precision in healthcare diagnostics. Conversely one article proclaims that AI and machine learning could predict new tests in search to make new diagnoses.1

REFERENCE

1. Cardozo G, Tirloni SF, Pereira Moro AR, Marques JLB. Use of artificial intelligence in the search for new information through routine laboratory tests: Systematic review. JMIR Bioinform Biotechnol 2022;3(1):e40473. doi:10.2196/40473.

CRITICAL LIMITS

Critical limits define the quantitative boundaries of life-threatening diagnostic test results. Critical results falling outside high and low critical limits must be reported to clinicians urgently, so the patient can be treated promptly if necessary. Critical value reporting was implemented by George Lundberg, MD, and published in MLO in 1972.1 Analysis of the impact of critical notifications on patient outcomes appeared in MLO in 1993 with follow-up articles calling for national harmonization and standards of care for critical notification practices. 2-4

These tables reflect research published in 2025 by Gerald Kost, MD, PhD, MS, FADLM of the POCT•CTR, School of Medicine, UC Davis, and his UC Honors Program student team. The research entailed a review of 50 critical limits/values lists from university hospitals, Level 1 trauma centers, centers of excellence, and high-performing hospitals across the U.S.5 with comparison to 1990-93 data compiled through the first three national surveys of critical limits used by 92 responding

U.S. medical centers, including 20 trauma centers and 39 children’s hospitals.6-8 Most hospital policies posted on the Web defined what a critical value is and stated that a licensed provider must be informed immediately.9

Statistically significant differences in 2024 versus 1990-93 critical limits were observed for glucose, calcium, magnesium, CO2 content, blood gas parameters, hematology, and coagulation tests. Ranges for critical limits narrowed for several tests, and new measurands were added. Point-of-care testing (POCT) listings were scarce and revealed notable differences from main lab values in the high median critical limit for glucose.5

The Joint Commission identifies timely reporting of critical tests results as a National Patient Safety Goal (NPSG.02.03.01) in its accreditation programs.10 Clinical laboratories can develop notification practices collaboratively with emergency physicians, hospitalists, and point-of-care specialists to achieve timely, effective, and focused patient care. For example, the statistically significant increase in the low critical limit for

Adult Critical limits Not Listed. *, Significant difference in medians at p < 0.05;

Table 1: Clinical chemistry critical limits.5

glucose, which increases the notification frequency, may reflect recognition of the level two threshold [54 mg/dL (3.0 mmol/L)] at which neuroglycopenic symptoms require immediate action.11

Hospitals are advised to review their notification practices, quantitative decision thresholds, and qualitative critical value notifications to assure that effective life-saving alerts improve patient outcomes without excessively burdening laboratory, bedside, critical care, or emergency staff.

REFERENCES

1. Lundberg GD. When to panic over an abnormal value. MLO. 1972;4:47-54.

2. Kost GJ. Using critical limits to improve patient outcomes. MLO 1993;25(3):22-27.

3. Kost GJ. Co-creating critical limits for enhanced acute care: proven need and web knowledge base. Part 1: A call to action! MLO. 2015;47(12):34, 36-37.

4. Kost GJ. Co-creating critical limits for enhanced acute care: proven need and web knowledge base. Part 2: Standard of care, what it means and how it is applied. MLO. 2016;48(1):28-29.

5. Shah A, Dohner J, Cheng K, Garcia M, Kost GJ. Visualization of Critical Limits and Critical Values Facilitates Interpretation. Diagnostics (Basel). 2025;15(5):604. doi:10.3390/diagnostics15050604.

6. Kost GJ. Critical limits for urgent clinician notification at U.S. medical centers. JAMA. 1990;263:704-707.

7. Kost GJ. Critical limits for emergency clinician notification at U.S. children’s hospitals. Pediatrics. 1991;88:597-603.

8. Kost GJ. The significance of ionized calcium in cardiac and critical care. Availability and critical limits at U.S. medical centers and children’s hospitals. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 1993;117:890-896.

9. Kost GJ, Dohner J, Liu J, Ramos D, Haider N, Thalladi V. Web-accessible critical limits and critical values for urgent clinician notification. Clin Chem Lab Med 2024;1-13. doi:10.1515/cclm-2024-0117.

10. Joint Commission. National Patient Safety Goal 02.03.01. Effective January 2025. https://www.jointcommission.org/-/media/tjc/documents/standards/ national-patient-safety-goals/2025/lab-npsg-chapter-2025.pdf. Accessed May 9, 2025.

11. American Diabetes Association. Glycemic targets: Standards of medical care in diabetes—2019. Diabetes Care. 2019;42(S1):S61-S70.

*, Significant difference in medians at p < 0.05. Bold indicates statistically significant difference.

Table 3: Hematology and coagulation critical limits.5

Measurand
Table 2: Blood gas and pH critical limits.5

Table 6. Newborn critical limits.5

pO2 16 8

*, significant difference in medians and one mean at

Table 7: POCT critical limits5

This table was put together by MLO staff and reviewed by Suhash Harwani, PhD, Senior Director of Science for Workforce Health Solutions at Quest Diagnostics. The table refers to federal regulations at 42 CFR Chapter 1, HHS Drug Testing Panel—Urine and 49 CFR part 40, Section 40.85. New to the table this year is fentanyl and norfentanyl due to the prevalence of fentanyl use and overdoses. The table follows:1,2

(Δ9THCC)

Cocaine metabolite (Benzoylecgonine)

Morphine

Hydrocodone/ Hydromorphone

Oxycodone/ Oxymorphone

(Coke)

Methamphetamine

REFERENCES

1. Mandatory guidelines for Federal workplace drug testing programs-authorized testing panels. Federal Register. January 16, 2025. Accessed June 6, 2025. https://www.federalregister.gov/d/2025-00425.

2. 49 CFR part 40 -- procedures for transportation workplace drug and alcohol testing programs. Ecfr.gov. Accessed June 17, 2025. https://www.ecfr.gov/current/ title-49/subtitle-A/part-40.

3. SAMHSA guidelines - US. Accessed May 2, 2025. https://www.thermofisher. com/us/en/home/clinical/diagnostic-testing/clinical-chemistry-drug-toxicologytesting/drugs-abuse-testing/drug-testing-overview/samhsa.html.

A. For grouped analytes (i.e., two or more analytes that are in the same drug class and have the same initial test cutoff): Immunoassay: The test must be calibrated with one analyte from the group identified as the target analyte. The cross-reactivity of the immunoassay to the other analyte(s) within the group must be 80 percent or greater; if not, separate immunoassays must be used for the analytes within the group.

Alternate technology: Either one analyte or all analytes from the group must be used for calibration, depending on the technology. For a technology that measures a response from the entire group without differentiating between analytes (e.g., an activity-based assay, a mass spectrometric assay that does not differentiate isobaric compounds), the laboratory must compare the result to the initial test cutoff. In the case of an alternate technology that differentiates and quantifies each analyte in the group, the laboratory must compare each analyte’s result to the confirmatory test cutoff and reflex specimens with a positive initial test result to confirmatory testing.

B. Alternate technology (BZE): The confirmatory test cutoff must be used for an alternate technology initial test that is specific for the target analyte (i.e., 100 ng/ mL for benzoylecgonine).

C. A fentanyl immunoassay must have at least 5% cross-reactivity to norfentanyl.

D. Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA).

E. Methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA).

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The concept of critical values for drug levels was originally developed by the late Daniel M. Baer, MD, and first published in the April 1982 issue of MLO. This table was reviewed by Rajasri Chandra, MS, MBA and lists the critical values for common therapeutic drugs updated in 2025 by reputed laboratories in the United States. Ranges are approximate and may vary by laboratory and/or assay. Proper interpretation of therapeutic drug concentrations requires that the specimen be drawn at an appropriate time in relation to drug administration.

Acetaminophen1 Analgesic 10.0-30.0 µg/mL

Amikacin1 Antimicrobial

Peak: 20.0-35.0 µg/mL

Critical values for therapeutic drugs are drug levels in a patient’s body that are dangerously high or low, potentially leading to serious or life-threatening effects. These values fall outside the therapeutic ranges and often require immediate clinical attention. The purpose of monitoring is as follows:

• Efficacy (drug is at a high enough level to be effective)

• Safety (not so high that it becomes toxic)

>150.0 µg/mL 4 hrs. after ingestion Spectrophotometry

Peak: >40.0 µg/mL

Trough: <8.0 µg/mL Trough: >10. µg/mL

Amiodarone1 Antiarrhythmic 0.5-2.0 µg/mL

Amitriptyline1 Antidepressant/ analgesic (neuropathic pain) 80.0-200.0ng/mL

Carbamazepine1 Antiepileptic/ mood stabilizer

Cyclosporine A1 Immunosuppressant

Free: 1.0-3.0 µg/mL

Total: 4.0-12.0 µg/mL

2-hour post dose:

Kidney transplant: 800-1700 ng/mL

Liver transplant: 600-1000 ng/mL

Digoxin1 Antiarrhythmic 0.6-1.2 ng/mL

Doxepin + Nordoxepin1 Antidepressant 50-150 ng/mL

>2.5 µg/mL

>500.0 ng/mL

Free: >4.0 µg/mL

Total: >15.0 µg/mL

None established

>4.0 ng/mL

Ethosuximide1 Antiepileptic 40.0-100.0 µg/mL >150.0 µg/mL

Everolimus2 Immunosuppressant 3.0-8.0 ng/mL

Flecainide1 Antiarrhythmic 0.2-1.0 µg/mL

Fluconazole3 Antifungal

Flucytosine1 Antifungal

Gentamicin1 Antimicrobial

Itraconazole1 Antifungal

5.0-20.0 µg/mL

Peak: >25 µg/mL

Peak: 3.0-12.0 µg/mL

Trough: <2.0 µg/mL

Trough:

>0.5 µg/mL (localized) >1.0 µg/mL (systemic)

Lamotrigine1 Antiepileptic/mood stabilizer 3-15.0 µg/mL

Lidocaine1 Antiarrhythmic 1.0-5.0 µg/mL

Lithium1 Mood stabilizer

Nortriptyline1 Antidepressant/ analgesic (neuropathic pain)

Phenobarbital1 Antiepileptic 60-40 µg/mL in adults 15-30

>30.0 ng/mL

>1.0 µg/mL

None established

>100.0 µg/mL

Peak: >12.0 µg/mL

Trough: <2.0 µg/mL

Not established

>20.0 μg/mL

Kinetic Interaction of Microparticles in Solution (KIMS)

Quantitative Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Quantitative Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Free: Ultrafiltration Followed by Homogeneous Microparticle Agglutination Immunoassay

Total: Homogeneous Microparticle Agglutination Immunoassay

Quantitative Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Electrochemiluminescent Immunoassay

Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)

Enzyme-Multiplied Immunoassay Technique (EMIT)

Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)

Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)

Quantitative High Performance Liquid ChromatographyTandem Mass Spectrometry

Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)

Turbidimetric Immunoassay

Quantitative High Performance Liquid ChromatographyTandem Mass Spectrometry

Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)

Enzyme-Multiplied Immunoassay Technique (EMIT)

Colorimetry

Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)

Kinetic Interaction of Microparticles in a Solution (KIMS) Phenytoin1 Antiepileptic

Posaconazole1 Antifungal

µg/mL (Trough) Not established

Total: Kinetic interaction of Microparticles in a Solution (KIMS) Free: Membrane Separation/KIMS

Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)

TABLE OF REFERENCE INTERVALS

Specimen Test

S

S Vitamin B12 (WHO Recommendation)

S Vitamin D (25-OH)

B

Specimens: B, whole blood; P, plasma; S, serum. Reference intervals depend on test method and the demographics of the normal population used.

*Adult intervals (18Y-60Y). Age specific ranges apply for pediatric and/or geriatric populations.

Source: Burtis CA, Bruns DE. Tietz Fundamentals of Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics. 7th ed. St. Louis, MO; Elsevier; 2015 and Rifai, N, Horvath AR, Wittwer, CT. Tietz Textbook of Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, 6th ed. St. Louis, MO; Elsevier; 2018 McPherson RA, Pincus MR. Henry’s Clinical Diagnosis and Management by Laboratory Methods. 22nd ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 22nd ed; 2011. Revised 2025 by S. T. Campbell, PhD, DABCC, FADLM, Clinical Biochemist, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON.

Albumin G1,2

Specimen Type: Serum

Instrument/Reagent: Abbott Architect

0−

ALT (Alanine

Aminotransferase)1,2

Specimen Type: Serum

Instrument/Reagent: Abbott Architect

1−

ALP (Alkaline Phosphatase)1,2

Specimen Type: Serum

Instrument/Reagent: Abbott Architect

1− <10 years 156−369 156−369

10− <13 years 141−460 141−460

13− <15 years 127−517 62−280

15− <17 years 89−365 54−128

17− <19 years 59−164 48−95

Bilirubin, total1 ,2

Specimen Type: Serum

Instrument/Reagent: Abbott Architect

0− <15 days 0.2−16.6 15 days− <1 year 0.1−0.7

1− <9 years 0.1−0.4 9− <12 years

Calcium1,2 Specimen Type: Serum

Instrument/Reagent: Abbott Architect

Carbon Dioxide CO21,2

Specimen Type: Serum

Instrument/Reagent: Abbott Architect

Chloride1,3

Specimen Type: Serum

Instrument/Reagent: Siemens ADVIA XPT/1800

0- <19 years 104-109

C−Reactive Protein- High Sensitivity (hsCRP)1,2

Specimen Type: Serum

Instrument/Reagent: Abbott Architect

Creatine Kinase (CK)1,3

Specimen Type: Serum

Instrument/Reagent: Siemens ADVIA XPT/1800

The information in this chart was updated by MLO Staff based on the CALIPER database1 and reviewed by Khosrow Adeli, PhD, FCACB, DABCC, FADLM, Head, Clinical Biochemistry at The Hospital for Sick Children and Principle Investigator of the CALIPER Program. The reviewed chemistries are comparable to those listed in MLO's original Pediatric Reference Intervals chart, last updated in 2022. For reference intervals obtained by other lab instruments, see the CALIPER database.1

Magnesium1,2

Specimen Type: Serum

Instrument/Reagent: Abbott Architect

and Female (mg/dL)

0- <15 days 1.99- 3.94

15 days to <1 year 1.97- 3.09

1 to <19 years 2.09- 2.84

Potassium1,3

Specimen Type: Serum

Instrument/Reagent: Siemens ADVIA XPT/1800

<1year 4.3-6.7

Protein, Total1,2

Specimen Type: Serum

Instrument/Reagent: Abbott Architect Age Male and Female (g/dL)

0− <15 days 5.3−8.3

Sodium Serum1,3

Creatinine (Enzymatic)1,2

Specimen Type: Serum

Instrument/Reagent: Abbott Architect

Specimen Type: Serum

Instrument/Reagent:

REFERENCES

Glucose (Random)1,3

Specimen Type: Serum

Instrument/Reagent: Siemens ADVIA XPT/1800

and

<19 years

High−Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (HDL−C)1,2 Specimen Type: Serum

Specimen Type: Serum Instrument/Reagent:

Specimen Type: Serum Instrument/Reagent:

1. CALIPER Pediatric Reference Interval Database. CALIPER. Accessed May 20, 2025. https://caliper.research.sickkids.ca/#/.

2. Colantonio DA, Kyriakopoulou L, Chan MK, et al. Closing the gaps in pediatric laboratory reference intervals: a CALIPER database of 40 biochemical markers in a healthy and multiethnic population of children. Clin Chem 2012;58(5):854-868. doi:10.1373/clinchem.2011.177741.

3. Tahmasebi H, Higgins V, Woroch A, Asgari S, Adeli K. Pediatric reference intervals for clinical chemistry assays on Siemens ADVIA XPT/1800 and Dimension EXL in the CALIPER cohort of healthy children and adolescents. Clin Chim Acta. 2019;490:88-97. doi:10.1016/j.cca.2018.12.011.

4. Higgins V, Asgari S, Chan MK, Adeli K. Pediatric reference intervals for calculated LDL cholesterol, non-HDL cholesterol, and remnant cholesterol in the healthy CALIPER cohort. Clin Chim Acta. 2018;486:129-134. doi:10.1016/j. cca.2018.07.028.

The following section includes company descriptions with their essential laboratory products and contact information for ordering and pricing. Also available online at: CLR-online.com

ARKRAY USA

801 S Marquette Ave, #200 Minneapolis, MN, 55402, US

TEL: 952-646-3200

CORELAB@ARKRAYUSA.COM

HTTPS://www.arkrayusa.com

ARKRAY is a leader in the blood glucose monitoring market with a dominant market share in long term care. ARKRAY continues to evolve and innovate its product lines and programs to meet the changing needs of the industry including oral wellness innovations that benefit patients and provide health care professionals with new tools to care for them. For healthcare providers, this means access to cutting edge and reliable products combined with superior customer support. With products and programs that reach throughout the industry, ARKRAY has become the trusted source across the healthcare continuum.

CAROLINA LIQUID CHEMISTRIES CORP.

313 Gallimore Dairy Rd Greensboro, NC, 27409, US

TEL: 877-722-8910

CONTACTSALES@CAROLINACHEMISTRIES.COM

HTTPS://www.carolinachemistries.com

Carolina Liquid Chemistries (CLC) offers high quality, low-cost clinical chemistry analyzers for laboratories of all sizes along with a menu of over 80 different reagents for use on a variety of instruments. The CLC floor models consist of the CLC800, CLC1600, and the ultra-high-speed CLC6410. CLC also offers two benchtop chemistry analyzers: The EasyRA® performs urine drug screens and general chemistry tests, while the DZ-Lite™ c270 offers general chemistries, urine drug screens including fentanyl, and special chemistries including procalcitonin. Both are excellent for

laboratories in emergency departments, urgent care, and oncology practices. CLC offers a complete laboratory solution that also includes hematology and immunoassay analyzers. CLC continues to sell bar coded reagents for use on AU480® and AU680® analyzers along with affordable service contracts. CLC is veteran-owned.

CLINICAL SOFTWARE SOLUTIONS

PO Box 529

Queen Creek, AZ, 85142, US

TEL: 480-888-9447

CLIN1INFO@CLIN1.COM

HTTPS://www.clin1mobile.net

There’s nothing that gives us more pleasure than helping our client facilities become more successful by helping them manage their laboratory and patient information. We pride ourselves in the “personal touch” and try to go above and beyond to provide software and support that is unrivaled in the healthcare industry. With over 30 years of experience, we still delight in building innovative, intuitive software to keep our clients on the cutting edge of clinical software technology.

We see you as our partners in success because your success is our success.

DIASORIN

12112 Technology Blvd, Suite 130 Austin, TX, 78727, US

TEL: 512-219-8020

SUPPORT@LUMINEXCORP.COM

HTTPS://us.diasorin.com/en/moleculardiagnostics

See ad on inside back cover

Sample-to-Customizable Answers for Your Respiratory Testing

The LIAISON PLEX® System is uniquely designed to provide full flexibility in the customization of

syndromic panels and will allow clinical laboratory staff to overcome the constraint of the “one size fits all” approach for infectious disease syndromic diagnostics. This fully automated, easy to use, sample-toanswer system has a streamlined workflow and a room-temperature consumable. The operational handson time is only two minutes per sample and results are produced in less than two hours.

The LIAISON PLEX® Respiratory Flex Assay is the first assay cleared for use on our new LIAISON PLEX System. Testing for 19 pathogens commonly associated with respiratory infections—including 14 viral and 5 bacterial targets—the LIAISON PLEX Respiratory Flex Assay gives users the choice to process and pay for a specific subset of customized results based on patient needs. Compared to standard panel testing, this method can improve clinical utility while decreasing cost burdens on patients and healthcare systems. Through the application of panel testing, patient care and treatment can be optimized in support of diagnostic stewardship efforts, thus enabling proper patient therapies and reducing costly over-testing. Modernize your respiratory testing with sample-to-customizable answer capabilities—discover how the LIAISON PLEX Respiratory Flex Assay will address your lab’s current and future needs while battling the rising cost of patient care.

HARDY DIAGNOSTICS

1430 W McCoy Ln Santa Maria, CA, 93455, US

TEL: 805-346-2766

CUSTSERVICE@HARDYDIAGNOSTICS.COM

HTTPS://hardydiagnostics.com

See ad on page 15

Hardy Diagnostics is an FDA-licensed manufacturer of medical devices for microbiological testing with an ISO 13485 certified Quality Management System. The company manufactures and distributes thousands of products for the culture and identification of bacteria and

a variety of laboratory system solutions and services that improve patient care. Orchard serves more than 2,400 laboratories across the country, helping them improve efficiency, reduce errors, and enhance integration. Orchard’s cloud-based solutions are installed in physician groups and clinics, hospitals, independent reference labs, student health centers, veterinary labs, public health organizations, universities, and retail facilities.

Our Vision, Mission, & Values

Our team of expert employees are dedicated to making Orchard the LIS market leader in the physician office lab, public health lab, and reference lab markets, as well as a point-ofcare market leader in the ambulatory and hospital markets.

PROLINE LABORATORY FURNITURE

10 Avco Rd Haverhill, MA, 01835, US

BENCH@1PROLINE.COM

HTTPS://www.1proline.com

Proline Laboratory Furniture and Tables offers a modular design that al lows you to configure laboratory to meet your requirement. Offering multiple work surface choices including but not limited to Epoxy Res in, Stainless Steel and economical Chem-Guard chemical resistant work surfaces. Cabinets offer 90 percent ex tension slides with 150 pounds capacity. Economical laboratory tables with hanging cabinets and casters offering a truly modular ergonomic design.

PURITAN MEDICAL PRODUCTS CO

31 School St, PO Box 149 Guilford, ME, 04443, US

TEL: 207-876-3311

SALES@PURITANMEDPRODUCTS.COM

HTTPS://www.puritanmedproducts.com

A tradition of excellence Puritan is now in our 106th year of business. We founded our company on the principles of pride in achieving excellence and determination to succeed. Our customers know us as the swab experts, with a focus on quality, consistency, outstanding customer service, and our commitment to partnering with them in their pursuit of these same principles.

When you’ve been around since 1919, change is inevitable. While we’ve certainly grown, one thing that’s never changed at Puritan is our incredibly high standards. This commitment and attention to detail are why we have a worldwide reputation for consistent quality. In fact, we regularly go beyond for our own QC satisfaction because it is extremely important to us that every product we make is the best of its kind.

Our manufacturing facility is ISO certified and CE mark registered, so you can be certain we adhere to the strictest quality guidelines. We’ll deliver excellent products and services across our organization every time, on time. That’s our promise to you.

Order with confidence, knowing our products are manufactured, packaged, and shipped from our state-of-the-art facilities in Maine, USA.

SEKISUI DIAGNOSTICS LLC

1 Wall Street Burlington, MA, 01803, US

TEL: 781-652-7800

QUESTIONS@SEKISUI-DX.COM

HTTPS://www.sekisuidiagnostics.com

See ad on back cover

With over 40 years of experience, SEKISUI Diagnostics’ mission is to provide intelligent solutions to enhance life with science and improve the health of all people. We supply innovative medical diagnostics globally to physicians, hospitals, laboratories and alternate testing locations.

O ur product lines include clinical chemistry reagents, point-of-care

tests, blood collection tube materials as well as enzymes and specialty biochemicals.

STAFFREADY

421 W Main Ave, Suite 201 Spokane, WA, 99201, US

TEL: 877- 229-5230

SOLUTIONS@STAFFREADY.COM

HTTPS://www.staffready.com

Healthcare leaders face increasing demands, strict regulations, and limited resources. StaffReady simplifies workforce operations with cloud-based solutions for scheduling, compliance, and document control, all customized to fit your organization’s needs.

With over 20 years of healthcare and laboratory expertise, StaffReady helps centralize schedules, competencies, documents, policies, tasks, alerts, and communication. The result is streamlined operations and smoother inspections.

Our quality management tools help keep your teams efficient, compliant, and connected, regardless of your organization’s size or location. With StaffReady, work doesn’t have to feel like labor.

SYSMEX AMERICA, INC.

577 Aptakisic Rd

Lincolnshire, IL, 60069, US

TEL: 888-879-7639

COMMUNICATIONS@SYSMEX.COM

HTTPS://www.sysmex.com/us

See ad on page 5

A Portfolio of Solutions you need for the lab of tomorrow

Hematology Solutions

• As a global leader in hematology, we’re proud to offer labs of all sizes award-winning services and innovative solutions.

Hemostasis Solutions

• Our innovative portfolio of

hemostasis analyzers, reagents and controls are designed with quality and efficiency in mind. We provide advanced hemostasis technology across multiple platforms.

Urinalysis Solutions

• With fluorescent flow cytometry technology at its core, the Sysmex UN-Series offers an innovative urinalysis solution for any size laboratory.

Flow Cytometry Solutions

• Our comprehensive Flow Cytometry solutions include automated sample preparation, flow cytometers, filters, reagents, monoclonal antibodies and analytical software.

Informatics Solutions

• From highly secure test results and impactful performance metrics to quality control management, our software is designed to help your lab streamline its clinical and operational workflows so you can provide optimal patient care.

For more information about Sysmex solutions, visit www.sysmex.com/us

TECHCYTE

105 S State St, #401 Orem, UT, 84058, US

SALES@TECHCYTE.COM

HTTPS://www.techcyte.com

Techcyte is transforming the practice of pathology through a unifi ed, AI-powered digital platform that streamlines complex workfl ows, integrates with core lab systems, and enhances communication across the lab. Built to reduce ineffi ciencies and diagnostic variability, Techcyte aims to help pathologists and lab professionals deliver faster, more consistent diagnoses. By partnering with leading laboratories, scanner manufacturers, diagnostic hardware providers, and AI developers, together, we deliver a unifi ed digital pathology and diagnostics platform to labs and clinics around the world, furthering our mission to positively impact the health of humans, animals, and the environment.

EQUIPMENT & SERVICES

Automation & Workflow

Automation

clinical software solutions

Hardy diagnostics

See ad on page 15

LgP Lab automation

Barcode Products

clinical software solutions

Health care Logistics

See ad on page 34

Decapping & Recapping

LgP Lab automation

Information Systems & Software

Healthcare Information Systems clinical software solutions

Lab Software & Computer Systems

clinical software solutions

orchard software corporation staffReady

sysmex america, inc.

See ad on page 5

Laboratory Information Systems clinical software solutions

orchard software corporation staffReady

sysmex america, inc.

See ad on page 5

Next Generation

Sequencing Software

orchard software corporation

Sample Management Systems

clinical software solutions

sysmex america, inc.

See ad on page 5

Specimen Management Systems

clinical software solutions

Puritan Medical Products co

Lab Instruments & Analyzers

Analyzers

arkray usa

carolina Liquid chemistries corp.

Hardy diagnostics

See ad on page 15

sysmex america, inc.

See ad on page 5

Centrifuges

Hardy diagnostics

See ad on page 15

Health care Logistics

See ad on page 34

Dry Baths

Health care Logistics

See ad on page 34

Incubators

Hardy diagnostics

See ad on page 15

Health care Logistics

See ad on page 34

Microscopes & Accessories

Hardy diagnostics

See ad on page 15

Mixers & Shakers

Health care Logistics

See ad on page 34

Sample Stirrers

Health care Logistics

See ad on page 34

Slide Stainers

Hardy diagnostics

See ad on page 15

sysmex america, inc.

See ad on page 5

Staining

sysmex america, inc.

See ad on page 5

Staining & Coverslipping

sysmex america, inc.

See ad on page 5

techcyte

Water Baths

Health care Logistics

See ad on page 34

Lab Supplies & Consumables

Apparel

Hardy diagnostics

See ad on page 15

Health care Logistics

See ad on page 34

Furniture & Storage

Health care Logistics

See ad on page 34

Proline Laboratory Furniture

Glassware & Cleaning

Hardy diagnostics

See ad on page 15

Health care Logistics

See ad on page 34

Labels

Health care Logistics

See ad on page 34

Laboratory Supplies

Hardy diagnostics

See ad on page 15

Health care Logistics

See ad on page 34

Puritan Medical Products co

Needles

Health care Logistics

See ad on page 34

Pipettes & Tips

Hardy diagnostics

See ad on page 15

Health care Logistics

See ad on page 34

Reagents

carolina Liquid chemistries corp.

diasorin

See ad on inside back cover

Hardy diagnostics

See ad on page 15

Health care Logistics

See ad on page 34

KRoNus, inc.

See ad on inside front cover

seKisui diagnostics LLc

See ad on back cover

sysmex america, inc.

See ad on page 5

Test Tube Racks

Hardy diagnostics

See ad on page 15

Health care Logistics

See ad on page 34

Tubes

Hardy diagnostics

See ad on page 15

Health care Logistics

See ad on page 34

Urinalysis, Controls

arkray usa

Health care Logistics

See ad on page 34

sysmex america, inc.

See ad on page 5

Phlebotomy & Sample Collection

Phlebotomy Products And Supplies

Health care Logistics

See ad on page 34

Specimens, Storage Equipment

Health care Logistics

See ad on page 34

Quality & Compliance

Education, Proficiency & Accreditation

clinical software solutions staffReady sysmex america, inc.

See ad on page 5

Error Prevention

clinical software solutions

Health care Logistics

See ad on page 34

HIPAA Compliance

clinical software solutions

Health care Logistics

See ad on page 34

Individualized Quality Control Plan (IQCP) Implementation Tools

clinical software solutions

Quality Management Tools

clinical software solutions

Health care Logistics

See ad on page 34

orchard software corporation staffReady

sysmex america, inc.

See ad on page 5

Safety & Environment

Cleanrooms

Hardy diagnostics

See ad on page 15

Health care Logistics

See ad on page 34

Puritan Medical Products co

Safety Products

Health care Logistics

See ad on page 34

LgP Lab automation

Temperature Monitoring, Automated

Health care Logistics

See ad on page 34

Temperature Monitoring, Continuous

Health care Logistics

See ad on page 34

Waste & Hazardous Material

Health care Logistics

See ad on page 34

Water

Health care Logistics

See ad on page 34

Specialty Products & Services

Biochemistry Products & Services

arkray usa

carolina Liquid chemistries corp. diasorin

See ad on inside back cover

Blood Bank & Transfusion

sysmex america, inc.

See ad on page 5

Blood Bank, Instrumentation

Health care Logistics

See ad on page 34

sysmex america, inc.

See ad on page 5

Diagnostic Services & Products

Hardy diagnostics

See ad on page 15

Puritan Medical Products co

sysmex america, inc.

See ad on page 5

Kappa Light Chains carolina Liquid chemistries corp.

Manufacturing Services clinical software solutions

Health care Logistics

See ad on page 34

Puritan Medical Products co

Microbiology Products & Services

Hardy diagnostics

See ad on page 15

Health care Logistics

See ad on page 34

Puritan Medical Products co

Molecular Biology, Products & Services

Health care Logistics

See ad on page 34

Puritan Medical Products co

Pap Test Products

Puritan Medical Products co techcyte

Pathology Products & Services

Health care Logistics

See ad on page 34

Toxicology Products & Services

carolina Liquid chemistries corp. clinical software solutions

Health care Logistics

See ad on page 34

Urinalysis, Automated arkray usa

Health care Logistics

See ad on page 34

sysmex america, inc.

See ad on page 5

Virology Products & Services

diasorin

See ad on inside back cover

Hardy diagnostics

See ad on page 15

Puritan Medical Products co

TESTS

Clinical Chemistry/Biochemistry

Aldolase

carolina Liquid chemistries corp.

Alkaline Phosphatase (alp) carolina Liquid chemistries corp.

seKisui diagnostics LLc

See ad on back cover

Alt (ifcc)

seKisui diagnostics LLc

See ad on back cover

Amylase (amy), Serum carolina Liquid chemistries corp. seKisui diagnostics LLc

See ad on back cover

Aspartate Aminotransferase (ast) carolina Liquid chemistries corp. seKisui diagnostics LLc

See ad on back cover

Beta Hydroxybutyrate

seKisui diagnostics LLc

See ad on back cover

Cardiac Risk Assessment

carolina Liquid chemistries corp.

Cholesterol, total carolina Liquid chemistries corp.

Cholinesterase

seKisui diagnostics LLc

See ad on back cover

Clinical Free Fatty Acids (NEFA)

seKisui diagnostics LLc

See ad on back cover

C-Reactive Protein

carolina Liquid chemistries corp.

seKisui diagnostics LLc

See ad on back cover

Creatine Kinase Assays (CK)

carolina Liquid chemistries corp.

seKisui diagnostics LLc

See ad on back cover

CSF Test Kits

seKisui diagnostics LLc

See ad on back cover

Gamma-Glutamyl

Transpeptidase (GGT)

carolina Liquid chemistries corp.

seKisui diagnostics LLc

See ad on back cover

Glycated Serum Protein (GSP) Assay

seKisui diagnostics LLc

See ad on back cover

Haptoglobin Assays (HAPT)

seKisui diagnostics LLc

See ad on back cover

High-Density Lipoprotein, Direct

carolina Liquid chemistries corp.

seKisui diagnostics LLc

See ad on back cover

Homocyst(e)ine, Plasma Or Serum

carolina Liquid chemistries corp.

seKisui diagnostics LLc

See ad on back cover

Iron & Iron-Binding Protein Assays

carolina Liquid chemistries corp.

seKisui diagnostics LLc

See ad on back cover

Lactate (LAC)

carolina Liquid chemistries corp.

seKisui diagnostics LLc

See ad on back cover

Lipase, Serum (LIP)

carolina Liquid chemistries corp.

seKisui diagnostics LLc

See ad on back cover

Lipoprotein (a)

carolina Liquid chemistries corp.

seKisui diagnostics LLc

See ad on back cover

Lipoproteins & Apolipoproteins

carolina Liquid chemistries corp.

seKisui diagnostics LLc

See ad on back cover

Low-Density Lipoprotein

Cholesterol (direct)

carolina Liquid chemistries corp.

seKisui diagnostics LLc

See ad on back cover

Microprotein

seKisui diagnostics LLc

See ad on back cover

Phosphorus, Inorganic (PHOS)

carolina Liquid chemistries corp.

seKisui diagnostics LLc

See ad on back cover

Protein, total carolina Liquid chemistries corp.

Total Bilirubin (TBIL)

carolina Liquid chemistries corp.

seKisui diagnostics LLc

See ad on back cover

Triglyceride (TRIG)

carolina Liquid chemistries corp.

seKisui diagnostics LLc

See ad on back cover

Clinical

Beta-2 Microglobulin

seKisui diagnostics LLc

See ad on back cover

Endocrinology

Diabetes Mellitus

KRoNus, inc.

See ad on inside front cover

Diabetes Testing & Management

sysmex america, inc.

See ad on page 5

Glucose (GLU)

carolina Liquid chemistries corp.

HCG Ultra Combo

seKisui diagnostics LLc

See ad on back cover

Insulin

carolina Liquid chemistries corp.

Triiodothyronine (T3)

carolina Liquid chemistries corp.

Hematology

Blood diasorin

See ad on inside back cover

Health care Logistics

See ad on page 34

sysmex america, inc.

See ad on page 5 techcyte

Blood, Screening

sysmex america, inc.

See ad on page 5 techcyte

Cell Count

Health care Logistics

See ad on page 34

sysmex america, inc.

See ad on page 5 techcyte

Chloride, Serum or Urine

carolina Liquid chemistries corp.

Complete Blood Count

sysmex america, inc.

See ad on page 5 techcyte

Complete Blood Count & Diff

sysmex america, inc.

See ad on page 5 techcyte

Hemoglobin A1c

arkray usa

Reagents - Coagulation Assay

sysmex america, inc.

See ad on page 5

Hematology/Clinical Chemistry

D-Dimer, Automated carolina Liquid chemistries corp.

seKisui diagnostics LLc

See ad on back cover

Immunology/Serology

Acetylcholine Receptor

KRoNus, inc.

See ad on inside front cover

Antibody Screen

KRoNus, inc.

See ad on inside front cover

Autoantibody Testing

KRoNus, inc.

See ad on inside front cover

seKisui diagnostics LLc

See ad on back cover techcyte

Autoimmune & Complement Assays

carolina Liquid chemistries corp.

seKisui diagnostics LLc

See ad on back cover

Autoimmune Disease Testing

KRoNus, inc.

See ad on inside front cover

Complement, Components, Assays

carolina Liquid chemistries corp. seKisui diagnostics LLc

See ad on back cover

Enzyme Immunoassays

diasorin

See ad on inside back cover

seKisui diagnostics LLc

See ad on back cover

Free Kappa & Lambda Light Chains

carolina Liquid chemistries corp. seKisui diagnostics LLc

See ad on back cover

Immunoassays

carolina Liquid chemistries corp.

Hardy diagnostics

See ad on page 15

Immunodiagnostic Kits & Reagents

Hardy diagnostics

See ad on page 15

Neuroimmunological

Disorders, Autoimmune KRoNus, inc.

See ad on inside front cover

Microbiology

Antimicrobials, Assays

Hardy diagnostics

See ad on page 15

Aspergillus

Hardy diagnostics

See ad on page 15

Bacterial Vaginosis (sialidase) techcyte

Bacteriology Test Reports

Puritan Medical Products co techcyte

Candida diasorin

See ad on inside back cover

Hardy diagnostics

See ad on page 15 techcyte

Cryptococcus techcyte

Enterohemorrhagic E. Coli (ehec) Shiga Toxin, Eia techcyte

Escherichia Coli techcyte

Fungal/Mycology

Hardy diagnostics

See ad on page 15

Gram’s Stain

Hardy diagnostics

See ad on page 15 techcyte

Group A Streptococcus

Hardy diagnostics

See ad on page 15

Group B Streptococcus Colonization Detection Culture

Hardy diagnostics

See ad on page 15

H. Pylori

Hardy diagnostics

See ad on page 15

seKisui diagnostics LLc

See ad on back cover

Legionella Pneumophila

Urine Antigen

Hardy diagnostics

See ad on page 15

Methicillin-Resistant

Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA) Culture Only Rare

Hardy diagnostics

See ad on page 15

Microbial Strain Typing

Hardy diagnostics

See ad on page 15

Microbiology & Culture

Hardy diagnostics

See ad on page 15

Puritan Medical Products co

Mycoplasma Pneumoniae Culture

Hardy diagnostics

See ad on page 15

Organism Identification

Hardy diagnostics

See ad on page 15 techcyte

Reference Bacterial Culture Identification

Hardy diagnostics

See ad on page 15 techcyte

Staphylococcus Identification, Methicillin Resistant

Hardy diagnostics

See ad on page 15

Strep A Antigen

Hardy diagnostics

See ad on page 15

seKisui diagnostics LLc

See ad on back cover

Strep A, Ultra

Hardy diagnostics

See ad on page 15

seKisui diagnostics LLc

See ad on back cover

Streptococcus (Group B) Culture, Genital

Hardy diagnostics

See ad on page 15

Puritan Medical Products co

Streptococcus Pneumoniae Antigen

Hardy diagnostics

See ad on page 15

Susceptibility Testing

Hardy diagnostics

See ad on page 15

Trichomonas Vaginalis, Rapid Testing

Puritan Medical Products co seKisui diagnostics LLc

See ad on back cover

Microbiology/Immunology

Babesia Microti Antibody Profile diasorin

See ad on inside back cover

Microbiology/Virology

Bordetella Parapertussis Detection diasorin

See ad on inside back cover

Bordetella Pertussis Detection diasorin

See ad on inside back cover

Infectious Disease diasorin

See ad on inside back cover

Hardy diagnostics

See ad on page 15

Puritan Medical Products co

Molecular Diagnostics

Nucleic Acid Amplification

Products & Detection Systems diasorin

See ad on inside back cover

Molecular Diagnostics/Genetics

Congenital Disease

diasorin

See ad on inside back cover

Factor V Leiden Mutation Analysis diasorin

See ad on inside back cover

Genetic & Genomic Testing

Puritan Medical Products co

Molecular Diagnostics/Pathology

Bladder Cancer, Fish techcyte

Urovysion(tm) FISH techcyte

Molecular Diagnostics/Virology

Adenovirus Dna, Qualitative, Rt Pcr diasorin

See ad on inside back cover

Pathology/Cytology

Cytology /Cytopathology techcyte

Fecal Occult Blood (ifob)

carolina Liquid chemistries corp.

Hardy diagnostics

See ad on page 15

seKisui diagnostics LLc

See ad on back cover

Gynecologic Pap Smear

Puritan Medical Products co techcyte

Gynecologic Pap Test (ImageGuided Or Non-Image Guided), Liquid-based Preparation techcyte

Gynecologic Pap Test, Liquidbased Preparation techcyte

Gynecologic Pap Testing

Puritan Medical Products co techcyte

Histology

Puritan Medical Products co techcyte

Immunocyt Monitoring For Bladder Cancer techcyte

Stool culture

carolina Liquid chemistries corp.

Puritan Medical Products co

Specialized/Other

Method Development & Validation

Hardy diagnostics

See ad on page 15

Point-of-care Testing, Clia Waived

Hardy diagnostics

See ad on page 15

Puritan Medical Products co

seKisui diagnostics LLc

See ad on back cover

Specimens

Puritan Medical Products co

Toxicology

Acetaminophen

seKisui diagnostics LLc

See ad on back cover

Alcohol Assays

carolina Liquid chemistries corp.

seKisui diagnostics LLc

See ad on back cover

Carbamazepine, Serum carolina Liquid chemistries corp.

Digitoxin, Serum carolina Liquid chemistries corp.

Drugs-of-abuse testing, Urine carolina Liquid chemistries corp.

Fentanyl

seKisui diagnostics LLc

See ad on back cover

Gabapentin, Serum

seKisui diagnostics LLc

See ad on back cover

Lamotrigine Tdm Assay

seKisui diagnostics LLc

See ad on back cover

Lithium, Serum

carolina Liquid chemistries corp.

seKisui diagnostics LLc

See ad on back cover

Methotrexate Assays

seKisui diagnostics LLc

See ad on back cover

Theophylline, Assay And Therapeutic Drug Monitoring (theo) carolina Liquid chemistries corp.

Topiramate, Serum

seKisui diagnostics LLc

See ad on back cover

Tricyclic Antidepressants, Serum carolina Liquid chemistries corp.

Valproic Acid, Assay And Therapeutic Drug Monitoring (VPA) carolina Liquid chemistries corp.

Zonisamide Tdm Assay

seKisui diagnostics LLc

See ad on back cover

Urinalysis

arkray usa

Health care Logistics

See ad on page 34

sysmex america, inc.

See ad on page 5

techcyte

Virology

COVID-19 diasorin

See ad on inside back cover

Hardy diagnostics

See ad on page 15

Puritan Medical Products co seKisui diagnostics LLc

See ad on back cover

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) diasorin

See ad on inside back cover

Dengue Fever diasorin

See ad on inside back cover

Enterovirus Testing diasorin

See ad on inside back cover

Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) diasorin

See ad on inside back cover

Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) diasorin

See ad on inside back cover

HHV6

diasorin

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Influenza diasorin

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Hardy diagnostics

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Puritan Medical Products co seKisui diagnostics LLc

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Mononucleosis

Hardy diagnostics

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seKisui diagnostics LLc

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Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) diasorin

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Hardy diagnostics

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Puritan Medical Products co seKisui diagnostics LLc

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West Nile diasorin

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A

Acetaminophen ............................ 31

Acetylcholine Receptor ................ 29

Adenovirus Dna, Qualitative, Rt Pcr 31

Alcohol Assays 31

Aldolase 28

Alkaline Phosphatase (alp) 28

Alt (ifcc) 28

Amylase (amy), Serum 28

Analyzers ....................................... 27

Antibody Screen ........................... 29

Antimicrobials, Assays ................ 30

Apparel 27

Aspartate Aminotransferase (ast) 28

Aspergillus

Autoantibody Testing 29

Autoimmune & Complement Assays ......................................... 29

Autoimmune Disease Testing ..... 29

Automation ................................... 27

B

Babesia Microti Antibody Profile 30

Bacterial Vaginosis (sialidase) 30

Bacteriology Test Reports 30

Barcode Products 27

Beta-2 Microglobulin .................... 29

Biochemistry

Bladder

Blood

Blood

Blood, Screening 29

Bordetella

Bordetella

Carbamazepine, Serum 31

29

Centrifuges 27

Chloride, Serum or Urine ............. 29

Cholesterol, total .......................... 28

Cholinesterase .............................. 28

Cleanrooms 28

Clinical Free Fatty Acids (NEFA) 28

Complement, Components, Assays 29 Complete Blood Count 29

D

Digitoxin,

Drugs-of-abuse testing, Urine 31

Dry Baths 27

E

Education, Proficiency & Accreditation 28

Enterohemorrhagic E. Coli (ehec) Shiga Toxin, Eia 30

Enterovirus Testing 31

Enzyme Immunoassays ............... 29

Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) 31

G

Gabapentin, Serum

(GLU) 29 Glycated Serum Protein (GSP) Assay

LIAISON PLEX® Bloodstream Infection Portfolio

The smarter diagnostic solution for bloodstream infections

Critical

results to guide life-saving treatment decisions in the fight against sepsis and antimicrobial resistance1

The LIAISON PLEX® Bloodstream Infection Portfolio features three FDA-cleared multiplex molecular assays, offering comprehensive pathogen detection for 48 bacterial and fungal species associated with bloodstream infections and sepsis, and 12 clinically significant antimicrobial resistance markers, enabling rapid, targeted antimicrobial interventions to optimize patient care.

Designed for seamless laboratory workflow integration, the system minimizes unnecessary testing and enhances diagnostic accuracy. By supporting evidence-based decision-making, it advances antimicrobial stewardship initiatives and optimizes patient management outcomes.

1. Taryn A Eubank, et all , Role of Rapid Diagnostics in Diagnosis and Management of Patients With Sepsis, The Journal of Infectious Diseases, Volume 222, Issue Supplement_2, 15 August 2020, Pages S103–S109.

LIAISON PLEX® BSI

Optimize treatment in hours – not days.

LIAISON PLEX® Gram-Positive Blood Culture Assay

LIAISON PLEX® Gram-Negative Blood Culture Assay

LIAISON PLEX® Yeast Blood Culture Assay

Respiratory season can pose a real threat to your patients, especially the elderly. Fast, accurate diagnosis and treatment is one way to protect them and get them back to doing what they love. Having the right diagnostics in your office can help you deliver a higher level of patient satisfaction and improve efficiency.

Our product portfolio includes high-quality, point-of-care molecular and antigen tests for diagnosing respiratory illnesses.

We make diagnostics that matter because we believe each test represents the health and well-being of a real person.

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