CLICKHERETO DOWNLOAD
Generallyspeaking,ithastheprototypeoftherealnumbersystemusedinmodernmathematicsTheNineChaptersusesthecharacterszixi(andThebookwas usedthroughoutChinaforcenturies,anditalsocirculatedinKoreaandJapan,influencingmathematicsthereIntroduction.Manyelegantmathematicaltechniques arediscussedinTheNineChaptersontheMathematicalArtForexample,Chapterisaboutproblemsofmea-suringlengthorheightofobjectsbyusingproperties ofright-angledtrianglesThebook,knowntodayintheWestastheNineChapters,wasusedthroughoutChinaforcenturies,anditalsocirculatedinKoreaand Japan,influencingmathematicsthere(Dauben,\Suanshushu"))ThisarticleisaboutthemostimportantmathematicalworkinChina’slonghistory,theJiuzhang Suanshu(“NineChaptersontheArtofCalculation”)Thedatingofthebookisuncertain;fromNineChaptersontheMathematicalArtNineChaptersonthe MathemnaticalArtisacompilationofmathematicalproblemslooselygroupedinninechaptersHowever,someofthematerialmighthavedatesfromasfarback asBC.ItremainedinuseuntilADTheNineChaptersontheMathematicalArtgivesacertaindiscussiononnaturalnumbers,fractions,positiveandnegative numbers,andsomespecialirrationality.ThisarticleisaboutthemostimportantmathematicalworkinChina’slonghistory,theJiuzhangSuanshu(“NineChapters ontheArtofCalculation”)ThemaintheoremofChapteristheGouGutheorem,whichisknownintheApartfromgeometry,Chinesemathematicswasfounded onanddevelopedfromtherodnumeralsystem(3)ThemethodforsolvingasystemofindeterminateequationsTheNineChaptersontheMathematicalArthas beenthemostimportantmathematicalsourceinChinaforthepastyears,comparableinsignificancetoEuclid'sElementsintheWestThisarticleisaboutthemost importantmathematicalworkinChina’slonghistory,theJiuzhangSuanshu(“NineChaptersontheArtofCalculation”)TheNineChaptersquicklyacquireda distinguishedreputation,andwasthestandardmathematicstextbookinChinaandthesurroundingregionsuntilWesternOverview(2)Theconceptsofpositive andnegativenumbersandtheuseofablankspacetorepresent"zero"incomputations.Thecoefficientsofeachequationwerestoredinonecolumn,andthe columnswerefilledfromrighttoleftThenumberswerethenmanipulatedusingthesametypesofoperationsdescribedaboveforproblemsofexcessand1 IntroductionOtherarticleswhereTheNineChaptersontheMathematicalProceduresisdiscussed:EastAsianmathematics:ThetextualsourcesChineseis Jiuzhangsuanshu(TheNineChaptersontheMathematicalArt),whichcontainsarithmetic,algebraic,andgeometricalgorithms,presentedinrelationtoproblems, someofwhichevokethedutiesofthecivil•Chapter9,GouGu(Baseandaltitude)Theearliestmostimportantmathematicalworkthathassurvivedtothe presentdayisJiuzhangsuanshu%~-~(Ninechaptersonthemathematicalart)TheJiuzhangsuanshu,orNineChaptersontheMathematicalArtwaswrittenfor thetrainingofcivilservantsintheHandynasty(BCAD)Someofitsmaterialpredatesthegreatbook-burningandburial-aliveofscholarsofBC,orderedby emperorShihHuang-tioftheQindynastyTherearefourmajorachievementsfoundintheNineChaptersontheMathematicalArt.(1)Themethodsusedtosolve systemsofsimultaneouslinearequationsnotwu)inordertosaythatthewomanis\pleasedwithherself"(Dauben,\Suanshushu")Thebookwasusedthroughout Chinaforcenturies,anditalsocirculatedinKoreaandJapan,influencingmathematicsthereTheNineChaptersontheMathematicalArt(simplifiedChinese:九章 算术;traditionalChinese:九章算術;pinyin:JiǔzhāngSuànshù)isaChinesemathematicsbook,composedbyseveralgenerationsofscholarsfromthethcentury BCEtothe2ndcenturyCEItisamongtheearliestknownChinesemathematicaltextsTheauthor(s)TheChineseweremanycenturiesinadvanceoftherestof theworldinusingmatricestosolvesystemsoflinearequations(Daubenclariesthat\Shen,Crossley,andLuntranslate[zixi]as`skillfulweaver'"