7 minute read
NEEDS
CHAPTER 4. ENCLOSURES SIZES AS PER ANIMAL BEHAVIORAL NEEDS
To understand the ideal size of enclosure for the particular animals. Chosen some of this animals species from the existing zoo to understand their enclosures sizes. And animals is chosen such a way that can understand different categories of habitat.
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Mammals:
4.1 Asiatic Lion (Panthera leo persica) and Bengal Tiger (Panthera tigirs) 4.2 Leopard (Panthera) (Panthera pardus) 4.3 Cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus) 4.4 Bear Himalayan Black (Ursus thibetanus) 4.5 Macaque Bonnet (Macaca radiata) 4.6 Hippopotamus (Hippopatamus amphibius) 4.7 Deer Sambar (Cerrus Unicotor) 4.8 Porcupine Indian (Hystrix indica)
Reptiles:
4.9 Crocodile Marsh (Mugger) (Crocodylus palustris) 4.10 Tortoise Indian Star (Geochelone elegans)
Birds:
4.11 Birds enclosure
Enclosure area of the tiger enclosure should be minimum 1000 sqm. But it can be up to a 2000 sqm. Kraal area should be 100 – 120 sqm The minimum size of feeding cell should be 2750 – 3000 mm(L) x 1800 - 2000 mm(w) x 3000 mm (h) Size of up sliding door in cell should be of minimum size of 900 mm high and 750 mm wide. Keeper’s gallery should be minimum width of 3000 mm. Entry gate to the keeper gallery should be 1800 mm wide and 2000 mm high Plinth of the cell should be at a height of 500 mm A water haudi should be built Wooden logs, natural stone boulders, trees & shrubs may be placed inside the enclosure for enrichment. The maximum depth of the enclosures should be maintained between 20m – 25m to get a closure view of the animal.
4.2 Leopard (Panther) (Panthera pardus) :
The enclosure area of leopard should be 500 – 1000 sqm. The maximum size of feeding cell should be 2000 x 1800 mm and height should be 2500 mm. The height of the fence should be 4000 mm. Where ever there is a constraint of space, covered option may be adopted for leopard. Wooden logs, natural stone boulders, trees and shrubs may be placed inside the enclosure for the enrichment. Keeper gallery should be of minimum size of width 2500mm. No trees or branch of the tree should with 8000 mm from the inner side of fence. Entry gate to the keeper gallery should be 1800 mm wide and 2000 mm high. Size kraal should be 90 – 100 sqm for leopard and it should be top covered. Plinth of the cell should be at a height of 500 mm from the ground level.
4.3 Cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus):
The enclosure of cheetah enclosure should be minimum 400 – 500 sqm The minimum size of feeding cell should be 200 mm x 1500 mm and 2500mm Size of kraal should be of 40 – 50sqm top should be open and the height of the fence is 2500 mm service gate height should be 1800 mm and width 750 mm Keeper’s gallery should be of minimum size of width 2000 mm. Floor should be in cemented or of kota stone. Entry gate of keeper gallery should be 1000mm wide and 2000mm high. Height of the fence should be 2500mm around the paddock area, top should be open. Dry moat 3m width and 2.5m depth should be provided with in the paddock area. Dry moat should be pucca with sump well. Area of the water body provided in the paddock is 8sqm and 50 cum in depth. Height of the standoff barrier should be 900mm and it should be 1500mm away from fence. Wooden logs, natural stone boulders, trees and shrubs may be placed inside the enclosure for enrichment.
4.4 Himalayan Black Bear (Ursus thibetanus) :
Paddock area should be 1000 – 1500 sqm Cell size should be minimum 2500mm(l) x 1800mm(b) x 2500mm(h) Size of kraal should be 80 – 100 sqm top cover and the chain link fence height of the kraal should be 2500mm. The service door size should be 1800mm high and 750mm wide. Keeper gallery should be of minimum size of 2500mm wide. The floor should be cemented or with kota stone. Entry gate to the keeper gallery should be 1200mm wide and 2000mm high. Size of up sliding door in cell should be of minimum size of 900mm high and 900mm width. Chainlink mesh should be size of 50mm x 50mm x 8gauge and it should be galvanished. The height should be 4mt. with inclined steel posts. Area of the water body provided in the paddock is 12sqm and 300mm depth. Vertical bar of dia 25mm x 25mm should be provided in the cell. Feeding window in cell should be 150mm x 150mm Dry moat 5500mm wide and 500mm deep should be provided. It should be cemented with sump well.
4.5 Macaque Bonnet (Macaca radiata) :
Paddock area should be 500 – 750 sqm Cell size should be minimum 2000mm(L) x 1500mm(b) x 2500mm(h) Size of krall should be 40 – 50sqm , top cover and the fence height of the kraal should be 5000mm. the service door height should be 1800mm and 750mm width. Keeper’s gallery should be of minimum size of 2000mm in width and 3000mm in height. The floor should be cemented or with kota stone. Entry gate to the keeper gallery should be 1000mm wide and 2000mm high. Size of sliding door in cell should be of minimum size of 600mm height and 600mm width. Size of up sliding door in cell should be of minimum size of 600mm high and 600mm wide. In case of moated enclosure the moat (puca moat) should be provided all around with dimension of 6000mm width and 4000mm depth. Height of wall on cell facing paddock is 2000mm. Height of standoff barrier should be 900mm and it should be 1500mm away from fence. Area of the water body provided in the paddock is 6sqm and depth is 500mm Window of the feeding cell should be 150mm x 150mm.
4.6 Hippopotamus(Hippopatamus amphibius) :
The paddock area for hippo enclosure should be minimum 2000sqm The minimum size of feeding cell should be 5000mm x 3000mm, height should be 3000mm, and its flooring should be cemented (rough). Size of kraal should be 75 – 100 sq.mt. and height should be 2000mm top should be open. Size of sliding door in cell should be of minimum size of 2000 mm high and 2500 wide Feeding platform should be provided. Sizes should be 3000mm (L) x 1500mm(w) and it should be cemented. Stone wall of enclosures should be of 1500mm height.
4.7 Deer Sambar (Cerrus Unicotor) :
The enclosure area of enclosure should be 1500 – 2000sqm. The minimum size of feeding cell should be 3000mm x 2000mm and height should be 2500mm and its flooring should be cemented. Keeper gallery should be of minimum size of 2500mm width and flooring should be cemented. Entry gate to the keeper gallery should be 1800mm wide and 2000mm height. Size of kraal area should be 80 – 100sqm. Feeding platform should be provided and sizes should be 8000mm (L) x 2500mm (w) x 2500mm (h) The size of water body in the paddock area should be 12sqm and depth should be 450mm Wooden logs, natural stone boulders may be placed inside the enclosure for enrichment. The sliding doors should be made of wood/ timber to avoid injuries in case of ungulates.
4.8 Porcupine (Hystrix indica):
The enclosure area of enclosure should be 100 – 150 sqm The minimum size of feeding cell should be 2000mm x 1500mm. The height of fence should be 2500mm As this is a highly relative natural animal, provided sloped roof with rcc covered or two third of the side area as covered. Wooden logs, natural stone boulders, trees and shrubs may be placed inside the enclosure for enrichment. Keeper gallery should be of minimum width of 1200mm Plinth of the cell should be at a height of 600mm from the ground level.
Crocodile Long Snouted (Gharial) (Gavialis gangeticus) : Enclosure area for crocodile should be 500-600sqm. Water body should be 150 – 200 sqm, depth of the water body should be 2000mm, one elongated island within the water body of about 6sqm should be provided. Sidewalls should be made of bricks or stones and the height should be minimum 1500mm. Viewing side should be covered with chain link fence of 2000mm high and of size 75mm x 75mm x 10 gauges. Standoff barrier should be 1000mm high and 1500mm away from the fence Entry gate to the paddock should be 1000mm wide and 1000mm high
4.10 Tortoise and turtle:
The enclosure area for tortoise should be 40 – 50 sqm and turtle should be 80 sqm. Its height should be 2.25mte covered on all sides with chain link mesh fence of size of 50 mm x 50mm x 12 gauges. Water body should be 4 sqm and cemented with a depth of 1000mm. The enclosure should be bounded by brick wall all around up to a height of 1000mm. Entry gate to the paddock should be 1000mm high and 1000mm wide. Viewing side should have chain link fence of 1500mmm high.
4.11 Birds enclosure:
Enclosure area should be 80 – 100 sqm Cell size1200mm (l) x 1200mm (w) x 1300mm (h) Sliding door size should be 450mm wide and 450 mm high The water body of size of 2 – 3 sqm should be provided. Viewing should be either through glass or chain link.
