Typography Booklet

Baseline Script

Typeface Calligraphic

BAR

Typeface

BowL

Shoulder

X-Hei g ht mo d e r n

Black Letter

Script

Black Letter

Descender

BowL

m od ern

Stem

ypograph

Geometric

BowL

Tr a n s i t i o n a l

Script

Y-Height

Ascender

BAR M E A N L I N E BowL Calligraphic Stem

Black Letter

modern

Sans-Serif Y-Height

Stem

Y-Height OldStyle

Black Letter

Egyptian BAR Typeface Leg Font Family

Typeface Calligraphic

mo d ern

Black Letter

OldStyle

SERIF

CAP Leg Humanist CAP

Calligraphic

Tr a n s i t i o n a l

Pixel

Script

Counter

Ascender

Descender

Black Letter

Stem

Y-Height

Stem

Leg HEIGH

Leg

Y-Height

Sans-Serif

Stem

HEIGHT

Black Letter

Stem

Stem

Stem

OldStyle

L e g Sans-Serif

Pixel m o d ern Pixel CAP BAR Leg Decorative Shoulder Leg Leg Type Pixel Pixel Script Typeface Type Baseline Type CAP Type Typeface SERIF Humanist Shoulder Script Script m o d ern BAR Font Family BowL Type Typeface BAR CAP LINE Decorative Leg mo der n Type Type Geometric BAR Type

Font Family Complete collection of typefaces in different weights and classifications, but having the same point size, and designed to work together. For example, a times Roman font family may include Times Roman Bold, Times Roman Extra Bold, Times Roman Italic, Times Roman Bold Italic, Times Roman Condensed, etc., all in the same size.

Typeface Letters, numbers, and symbols in consistent type-weight and typestyle that make up a complete set (type family) of a distinctive design of printing type such as Ariel, Helvetica,Times Roman and thou- sands others. Most typefaces are available in different typestyles (roman, italic, bold, extrabold, con- densed, etc.) and are chosen for a particular piece of text on the basis of (1) legibility, (2) readability, (3) appropriateness for the audience and the message, (4) reproducibility, and (5) practicality.

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Calligraphic Letters associated with the art of calligraphy and the fonts developed from their production can be classified as calligraphic. Calligraphic letters can be, although do not have to be, classified as Chancery, Etruscan or Uncial.

Chancery letters have slightly sloping narrow letters and were influential in the development of serif italics. Etruscan faces do not have lowercase letters and are based on an early form of Roman calligraphy in which the brush was held at a steep angle. The Celtic style, Uncial letters are created from holding the brush at an almost horizontal angle. There is only one case in Uncial designs, although they did become the basis for the development of the roman lower case.

Old Style The Old Style or Humanist serif typefaces developed in the 15th and 16th centuries and are characterized by a low contrast in stroke weight and angled serifs. Example: Garamond.

Blackletter Blackletter typefaces are a script style of calligraphy that were popularized in Germany, although they were used all over Europe from the middle ages through the Renaissance. A highly ornamental style of typgraphy, different styles are often associated with the different regions in which they were developed and used. The main classifications include Textura, Schwabacher, Cursiva and Fraktur. Textura is the most closely related to the calligraphic style and often includes a large number of ligatures. Schwabacher typefaces have a simplified, rounded stroke and several of their lowercase letters, including ‘o’, are often analogous forms. Cursiva, as the name suggests, is closely related to cursive letters and can be recognized by the more frequent presence of descenders and looped ascenders. Fraktur is the most common form of Blackletter and is characterized by broken strokes.

Serif Serifed typefaces were popular much earlier than sans-serif typefaces and include semi-structural details on many of the letters. People often refer to them as feet, although that is in no way a proper anatomical term when referring to typography. Their are many different classifications for serifed typefaces, often named for their origins, including Grecian, Latin, Scotch, Scotch Modern, French Old Style, Spanish Old Style, Clarendon and Tuscan. Some of these classifications can also be placed into broader classifications of typography including the styles below.

Transitional

The bridge for the gap between Old Style and Modern serifed typefaces, Transitional type has a more vertical axis and sharper serifs than humanist forms.

Example: Baskerville.

Modern

Modern serifed typefaces developed in the late 18th and early 19th century and were a radical break from the traditional typography of the time with high contrast of strokes, straight serifs and a totally vertical axis. Example: Bodoni.

Egyptian Egyptian, or slab-serifed, typefaces have heavy serifs and were used for decorative purposes and headlines because the heavy serifs impeded legibility at small point sizes. Example: Rockwell.

Sans-Serif Just exactly like what is sounds, a sans-serif typeface is a typeface without serifs. They can be found in history as early as the 5th century, although the classical revival of the Italian Renaissance return to old style serifed typefaces made them virtually obsolete until the 20th century. Their was much development of sans-serif typefaces in Germany as a revolt against the ornate lettering of the popular Blackletter styles which led to sans-serif typefaces based on the purity of geometric forms. Much like serifed typefaces, there are many different classifications for sans-serif typefaces, including Gothic, Grotesque, Doric, Linear, Swiss and Geometric. Some of the broader classifications are listed below.

Typography

must be as

beautiful as a forest

Not

like the concrete jungle of the tenements

It

gives distance between the trees

The

room to breathe

and allow for life

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J

P CH N IZ L AF F U T DOO Q V K

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M

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Humanist Humanist characteristics include proportions that were modeled on old style typefaces, open strokes and a slightly higher contrast in strokes in comparison to other sans-serif typefaces. Example: Gill Sans.

Geometric Geometric sans-serif typefaces, as their name implies, are based on geometric forms. In some cases letters, such as the lower case ‘o’, are perfect geometric forms. Example: Futura.

Serif-Transitional Closely related to the characteristics of transitional serifed typefaces, these typefaces include a more upright axis and a uniform stroke. Example: Helvetica

Script Script typefaces are based on the forms made with a flexible brush or pen and often have varied strokes reminiscent of handwriting. There are many different classifications including Brush Script, English Roundhand and Rationalized Script. However, the broadest forms of classification are Formal Script and Casual Script. Formal Scripts are based on the developments and writings of 17th and 18th century handwriting masters such as George Bickham, George Shelley and George Snell. Casual scripts developed in the 20th century as a result of photo-typesetting and are more varied and the inconsistencies appear to have been a result of using a wet pen rather than a pen nib.

Pixel Pixel fonts developed from the invention of the computer and were based on the on-screen display format of pixels. They are based on an array of pixels, are often called Bitmap fonts and are often designed only for a specific point size.

Many type foundries offer a selection of bitmap fonts and some, like Fonts For Flash create only bitmap fonts.

The Truly Modern Is What We Hold Today To Be Timelessly Perfect -Paul Renner

E

Y

M

F

T

N L PR F U DOO Q V K

J

P CH IZ

E

Cap Height

Stem

Ascender

Bars

Leg

X-Height

g Descender

Meanline Bowl Baseline

Humanist

BowL Typeface

X-He i g ht

Geometric

Typeface

Descender

Decorative

Pixel

Script Black Letter

BAR

Shoulder

Y-Height

Sans-Serif

Leg

Pixel

Black Letter

mo d e r n Stem

Ascender

Y-Height

BAR Black Letter

HEIGHT

Counter

Calligraphic

Baseline

SERIF

Leg

Type

Stem

mo der n

Y-Height

Type

HEIGH

LINE

Script

Black Letter

Stem

OldStyle

Baseline Humanist Shoulder Font Family BowL BAR Typeface

Script

Shoulder

Pixel CAP BAR Decorative Leg Type Script

BAR M E A N L I N E

Black Letter

Sans-Serif Y-Height

m od ern

Stem

L e g Sans-Serif

m o d ern

Descender

Geometric

Stem

Black Letter

OldStyle

Egyptian BAR Typeface Leg Font Family

BowL

Typeface

mo d ern

Tr a n s i t i o n a l

CAP

Stem

OldStyle

SERIF

Calligraphic

Ascender

Pixel

Tr a n s i t i o n a l

Script

Type Leg