Product in Science 10 (3rd PE)

PRODUCT IN SCIENCE

APRIL 2022

Reproductive System Endocrine System Nervous System

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Body Systems

Monday, 25 April 2022

What is Female Reproductive System?

An anatomically female's internal reproductive organs are the vagina, uterus, fallopian tubes, cervix, and ovary. These organs are involved in fertility, conception, pregnancy, and childbirth.

How does female reproductive system work?

It provides several functions. The vagina is the main hole of this system and where the male inserts their sex organ when having an intercourse. The ovaries produce egg cells, called ova or oocytes.

These oocytes are transported to the fallopian tubes where the fertilization occurs. After fertilization, the fertilized egg, called zygote moves to the uterus.

What is life of egg in female?

A released egg lives for less than 24 hours.

Body Systems

Monday, 25 April 2022

Common Problems of the Female Reproductive System: Ectopic pregnancy occurs when the fertilized egg (zygote) develops outside the womb and usually sticks to the fallopian tube. Women with this condition may undergo severe abdominal pain and need to consult a doctor immediately because it usually requires a surgical procedure.

Polycystic ovarian syndrome is a hormonal disorder where there is an increase in androgen production (male hormones) by the ovaries. This condition causes the ovaries to enlarge and develop a cyst. Polycystic ovarian syndrome commonly occurs during one’s teenage years. Depending on the type and severity of the condition, this abnormality can be treated using menstrual and hormonal balancing drugs.

Ovarian tumors. Although it is statistically rare, this type of tumor can still happen.

Women who have ovarian tumors will experience pain in the upper stomach and pressure in the abdomen. A surgical procedure to remove the tumor is required to subdue the condition.

Body Systems

Monday, 25 April 2022

What is Male Reproductive System?

The male reproductive system includes the penis, scrotum, testes, epididymis, vas deferens, prostate, and seminal vesicles. A man's fertility and sexual traits depend on the normal functioning of the male reproductive system, as well as hormones released from the brain.

How does male reproductive system work?

They produce, maintain and transport sperm and semen. They discharge sperm into the female reproductive tract. They produce and secrete male sex hormones. The male reproductive system is made up of internal and external parts. Together, these organs help you urinate, have sexual intercourse and make children.

What is life of sperm cell?

When sperm are inside women's body, they can live for up to 5 days.

Body Systems

Monday, 25 April 2022

Common Problems of the Male Reproductive System: Male Infertility - Infertility is the inability to produce children after at least one year of unprotected intercourse. About one in six couples have difficulty getting pregnant, and male infertility is the cause in a quarter of cases.

Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), also known as sexually transmitted infections (STIs), are very common. STDs pass from one person to another through vaginal, oral, and anal sex.

Testicular Cancer - Testicular cancer is one of the most beatable cancers when detected early. Nearly all men are cured.

Erectile Dysfunction - Erectile dysfunction (ED) is the persistent or recurrent inability to achieve or maintain an erection sufficient for sexual activity. It is sometimes known as 'impotence'. It's a very common problem, particularly affecting men past the age of 40, and around 1 in 10 men overall.

Body Systems

Monday, 25 April 2022

What is Endocrine System?

The endocrine system is a complex network of glands and organs. This system uses hormones to control and coordinate our body's metabolism, energy level, reproduction, growth and development, and response to injury, stress, and mood.

It is also the messenger system comprising feedback loops of the hormones released by internal glands of an organism directly into the circulatory system, regulating distant target organs.

What problems can happen with Endocrine System?

Infertility. This may be caused by a problem with the hormones that control ovulation in women and the making of sperm in men.

Hyperthyroidism. This condition can change your energy level. It can make you lose weight. And it can give you a fast heart rate. It is caused by having too much thyroid hormone in your body.

Hypothyroidism. It can make you feel tired.

And it can make you feel constipated. It is caused by not having enough thyroid hormone in your body.

Diabetes. This happens when your body can't produce enough of the hormone insulin or can't use it properly. Then your body can't regulate the amount of sugar in your blood.

High blood sugar can damage your eyes, nerves, kidneys, and blood vessels.

Missed or irregular periods. The hormones that control menstruation can go out of balance in some women.

Body Systems

Monday, 25 April 2022

How can you prevent Endocrine problems?

Some endocrine problems, like type 1 diabetes, can't be prevented. But there are things you can do to prevent other problems or make them better: Stay at a healthy weight. Eat healthy foods and get plenty of exercise. This can help prevent or delay type 2 diabetes.

Include iodine in your diet. It can help prevent thyroid problems.

When you use salt, choose iodized salt over other kinds of salt.

Make sure all your doctors know about any hormones you're taking. These may include birth control medicine, thyroid hormone, insulin, or hormone therapy for menopause.

Body Systems

Monday, 25 April 2022

What is Nervous System?

The nervous system is the major controlling, regulatory, and communicating system in the body. It is the center of all mental activity including thought, learning, and memory. Together with the endocrine system, the nervous system is responsible for regulating and maintaining homeostasis.

It controls: Sight, hearing, taste, smell, and feeling (sensation).

Movement, balance, and coordination. It also controls the actions of most other body systems, such as blood flow and blood pressure.

Your ability to think and reason. It allows you to have thoughts, memories, and language.

What problems can happen with Endocrine System?

Injuries. Most often, these are injuries to the head and spinal cord.

Mental health problems, such as anxiety disorders or depression.

Diseases that cause a gradual loss of function. These include Parkinson's disease and multiple sclerosis (MS).

Memory loss. This can be a slight loss of memory that does not affect daily life. Or it could be dementia, which also changes how well you can think and plan. Alzheimer's disease is a type of dementia.

Infections in the brain and spinal cord, such as encephalitis or meningitis.

Stroke. Sometimes called a brain attack, occurs when something blocks blood supply to part of the brain or when a blood vessel in the brain bursts.

Seizures. Is a burst of uncontrolled electrical activity between brain cells (also called neurons or nerve cells) that causes temporary abnormalities in muscle tone or movements (stiffness, twitching or limpness), behaviors, sensations or states of awareness.

Body Systems

Monday, 25 April 2022

How can you prevent Nervous System problems?

Do not smoke. If you need help quitting, talk to your doctor about stop-smoking programs and medicines. These can increase your chances of quitting for good.

Do not use illegal drugs. And limit alcohol to 3 drinks a day for men and 2 drinks a day for women. Too much alcohol can cause health problems.

Take care of health problems that may harm your nervous system. These include diabetes and high blood pressure.

Learn new skills, which can increase your attention span and how well you can focus.

Use fewer over-the-counter medicines.

Overuse of medicines may be the single biggest cause of nervous system problems in older adults.

Protect yourself from head injuries and falls. For example, wear a helmet when you bike, skate, or ski. Use grab handles and non-skid mats in the tub and shower.