ISSN 2050-6732 (Print) ISSN 2050-6740 (Online)
Counter-IED Report Spring/Summer 2019
EXPLOSIVES MANAGEMENT AS A KEY PRIORITY UNDER THE NATO SCIENCE FOR PEACE AND SECURITY (SPS) PROGRAMME COMPREHENSIVE CONVENTION ON INTERNATIONAL TERRORISM CAUGHT IN GEOPOLITICAL HURDLES THE RESILIENCE, SHAPING THE MILITARY CAMP AGAINST IED THREAT THE CASE FOR MILITARY SUPPORT TO IMPROVISED EXPLOSIVE DEVICE (IED) AND OTHER EXPLOSIVE REMNANTS OF WAR (ERW) CLEARANCE RADIOLOGICAL DISPERSAL DEVICES - POTENTIAL WEAPONS FOR URBAN TERRORISM RETURNING BACK TO THE ROOTS: XXI CENTURY’S PNEUMATIC IMPROVISED LAUNCHERS EDUCATION OF CHILDREN ON IED THREATS WITH THE USE OF COMPUTER GAMES “FLYING DATA”: TECHNICAL EXPLOITATION OF SMALL UNMANNED AIRCRAFT SYSTEMS
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ISSN 2050-6732 (Print) ISSN 2050-6740 (Online)
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CONTENTS
CONTENTS
IFC QINETIQ NORTH AMERICA 4 - 5 GARRETT METAL DETECTORS 7
ICOR TECHNOLOGY
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DSA DETECTION
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HARRIS CORPORATION
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SCHONSTEDT INSTRUMENT COMPANY
13 FOREWORD By Rob Hyde-Bales, Consulting Editor, Counter-IED Report 16
LOGOS IMAGING
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DYNITEC GMBH
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EXPLOSIVES MANAGEMENT AS A KEY PRIORITY UNDER THE NATO SCIENCE FOR PEACE AND SECURITY (SPS) PROGRAMME By Dr Eyup Turmus, SPS Advisor and Programme Manager, Counter Terrorism Section Emerging Security Challenges Division, NATO HQ
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COMPREHENSIVE CONVENTION ON INTERNATIONAL TERRORISM CAUGHT IN GEOPOLITICAL HURDLES By Prashant Yajnik, Independent Consultant
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SERIM RESEARCH CORPORATION
COUNTER-IED REPORT, Spring/Summer 2019
CONTENTS
CONTENTS
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THE RESILIENCE, SHAPING THE MILITARY CAMP AGAINST IED THREAT By Dr Tibor Kovács (PhD and Habilitation), Honorary Professor of National University of Public Services, Hungary and Colonel Attila Csurgó, Head of Knowledge Department, Centre of Excellence Defense Against Terrorism
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MILIPOL PARIS 2019
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LEARNING ABOUT LAND MINES AND OTHER ASSOCIATED OBSTACLES FROM THE COLD WAR By Lieutenant Colonel MW Whitchurch MBE Royal Engineers
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EOD WORKSHOP 2019
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THE CASE FOR MILITARY SUPPORT TO IMPROVISED EXPLOSIVE DEVICE (IED) AND OTHER EXPLOSIVE REMNANTS OF WAR (ERW) CLEARANCE By Rob Hyde-Bales, Consulting Editor, Counter-IED Report
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AFRICA SECURITY SYMPOSIUM 2019
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HAND-HELD WIRED INITIATION SYSTEM M2167 By DynITEC GmbH
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DEFENSE & SECURITY 2019
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RADIOLOGICAL DISPERSAL DEVICES POTENTIAL WEAPONS FOR URBAN TERRORISM By Colonel HR Naidu Gade – Indian Army Veteran
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COUNTER-IED REPORT, Spring/Summer 2019
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CONTENTS
CONTENTS
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BIDEC 2019
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RETURNING BACK TO THE ROOTS: XXI CENTURY’S PNEUMATIC IMPROVISED LAUNCHERS By Lieutenant Colonel Jose M Rufas, Chief of Attack the Networks Branch, C-IED Centre of Excellence
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EDUCATION OF CHILDREN ON IED THREATS WITH THE USE OF COMPUTER GAMES By Marek Kacprzak and Andrzej Kaczmarczyk, Institute of Mathematical Machines Scientific Foundation, Warsaw, Poland
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GCC FORENSICS CONFERENCE & EXHIBITION 2019
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“FLYING DATA”: TECHNICAL EXPLOITATION OF SMALL UNMANNED AIRCRAFT SYSTEMS By Lieutenant Colonel Jose M Rufas, Chief of Attack the Networks Branch, C-IED Centre of Excellence
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CTAX - COUNTER TERROR ASIA EXPO 2019
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FOREWORD
FOREWORD By Rob Hyde-Bales, Consulting Editor, Counter-IED Report
T
his year is the seventieth anniversary of the formation of the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation – NATO. The NATO Treaty was signed in Washington, USA on 4 April 1949 and originally comprised 12 member nations. The aim of the Organisation was to provide collective security for North America and several Western European nations against the Soviet Union. NATO HQ was originally located in London, UK and moved to Paris, France in 1952. When France left the military structure of the Alliance in 1966, NATO HQ moved to Brussels, and based its military HQ in Mons, Belgium. Today NATO comprises 29 countries with more wishing to join and remains located in Belgium. In the early days of its formation only two NATO nations had to deal with Improvised Explosive Devices (IEDs). The US had to contend with them during the Vietnam War in the 1960s and 1970s and the UK faced them during the so-called troubles in Northern Ireland which began in 1969 and continued for the next three decades. Today we see more and more NATO nations getting involved in the fight against the IED threat – which is now a global problem. While Islamist terrorism remains the largest by scale, there is a growing threat from other forms of violent extremism covering a spectrum of hate-driven ideologies, including the extreme right and left. The recent terrorist attack in the New Zealand city of Christchurch, in which 50 Muslims were killed by a suspected white supremacist, and the bombings in Sri Lanka that killed more than 250 people and injured hundreds more during the Easter celebrations are stark
reminders that extremists on all sides are seeking new and normally soft targets and do their utmost to disrupt peaceful societies. Both these attacks caught the authorities in New Zealand and Sri Lanka respectively unawares. In the case of Sri Lanka there are indications that the authorities had received specific intelligence about possible attacks on churches, but there appears to have been a serious breakdown in communications within the Sri Lankan authorities. Eight suicide bombers participated in the attacks on Christian churches and tourist hotels. According to the Sri Lankan authorities, the attacks were carried out by a Sri Lankan Islamist militant group - National Thowheed Jama’ath, which had previously sworn allegiance to ISIS. In a recently released video, a man claiming to be Abu Bakr alBaghdadi, the self-proclaimed Caliph of the Islamic State praised the Sri Lankan terrorists for the attacks “in vengeance for their brothers in Baghuz”. Baghuz was the final ISIS stronghold in Syria that was captured in March 2019 by Kurdish-led Syrian Democratic Forces backed by coalition airstrikes. A senior Sri Lankan official has opined that these attacks were possibly in retaliation for the attacks on Muslims in Christchurch. Sri Lanka has a Muslim population of some 10% and there have been recent tensions between the Muslims and the majority Sinhalese Buddhists. The attacks occurred ten years after the end of the deadly civil war in Sri Lanka that had run for 26 years. Of note Sri Lankan LTTE suicide bombers were the first to institutionalise the widespread use of PBIEDs/suicide bombs during this civil war. counteriedreport.com
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FOREWORD
The UK and its NATO allies remain at the forefront of the fight against the IED threat and have a unique opportunity to offer their vast experience and expertise to the nations which are affected by the violent extremism through training and capacity building efforts. Dr Eyup K Turmus of the NATO Science for Peace and Security (SPS) Programme provides a very detailed overview of the wide-ranging activities of the Programme and its key priority – explosives management. He describes the supporting capabilities and technologies to address the human, scientific and technological advancements in the critically important field of landmine and UXO detection and clearance. The SPS Programme is an established NATO Partnership activity that is based on the three pillars of science, partnership and security involving NATO member states and partner countries and has now been running for more that 60 years. He outlines some of the previous and current projects in the area of explosives management. Of note is a Biological Method for explosives detection through the training of honeybee colonies and also a comprehensive package for strengthening the Counter-IED defence capabilities of Jordan. A recent SPS Programme workshop in Florence produced a most impressive collection of concrete recommendations for future activities in the areas of explosives detection; multi-sensor systems, data analysis, new or rapidly developing technologies, preparation for actual field conditions and dissemination and capacity building. In their most enlightening article Dr Tibor Kovacs and Colonel Attila Csurgo from Hungary examine the development of military camps from the time of the 14 COUNTER-IED REPORT, Spring/Summer 2019
Roman Empire to the present day. As with so many facets of construction engineering, the Romans were highly skilled in the building of military camps with impressive physical defences. Such camps included those designed for short duration use “on the march”, to those required for much longer occupation. Since those times the main aim of a military camp has remained constant – a safe and secure environment for military forces. More recently in conflicts such as those in Afghanistan and Iraq, the use of IEDs by insurgents has influenced the concept of military base design. The foundation of military camp security is predicated on detailed planning and preparation for emergency situations. This foundation supports three pillars - the prevention of the IED threat where possible, and failing this, the provision of physical protection and finally the requisite resilience to counter the attack and continue the mission. Lieutenant Colonel Matthew Whitchurch provides a highly informative article on learning from the use of land mines and other associated obstacles, based on his extensive military engineering experience gained during the Cold War in the then West Germany. He outlines the historical background to the successful defence by NATO forces against the numerically superior forces of the Soviet-led Warsaw Pact throughout the Cold War. He describes in detail the critical role of land mines combined with existing and enhanced natural obstacles together with man made non-explosive obstacles. The extensive use of land mines was foreseen in the British area of responsibility and there were plans for over 100 kms of minefields containing both anti-tank and anti-personnel mines. It was most important to accurately record the positions of such minefields to facilitate their lifting after the war,
FOREWORD
should that have been necessary. He demonstrates that the judicious use of minefields combined with non-explosive obstacles play an important role in impeding the advance of an enemy. He also shows that the deliberate absence of mines in certain areas may play a crucial role in allowing freedom of movement for the defending troops to counter-attack. In a most interesting and topical article Doctors Marek Kacprzak and Andrzej Kaczmarczyk of the Institute of Mathematical Machines Scientific Foundation in Warsaw, Poland describe how the use of educational computer games can play an important role in the development of safe behaviour in children in the face of explosive threats that they may encounter. As a case study they describe a computer game developed by the Institute to instruct on Mine Risk Education for children aged between 8 and 10 years. The game was successfully validated in one school in Poland and two in Croatia. The game called Great Rally is played on a board that depicts paths and hazardous explosive objects and nonhazardous objects both on and off the paths. The aim of the game is to report on all objects and to avoid hazards on the paths. Points are gained by successful progress along the paths and observations. In the event of a player’s contact with a hazard on a path, the resultant explosion results in disqualification. The game is designed to be played by up to 10 children at a time, using mobile devices with internet connectivity. It is now hoped that with the requisite funding and suitable partner, to extend the programme to develop a computer game for education on IED threats. The game would be played on static and mobile computers and the ubiquitous smartphones to allow play in open and remote areas such as refugee camps. ■
Rob Hyde-Bales biography During his career in the UK Royal Engineers, Rob Hyde-Bales was responsible for landmine clearance in Libya and, more latterly, Afghanistan in the running of the first United Nations humanitarian landmine clearance training programme – Operation Salam. The programme trained Afghan male refugees in landmine clearance techniques, and Afghan women and children in mine awareness and avoidance training. More recently he set up the Caribbean Search Centre in Kingston, Jamaica. The Centre is designed to train security forces across the Caribbean in modern search techniques. After retiring from the army he joined Cranfield University at Shrivenham, near Oxford, and undertook a research project on behalf of the UK Ministry of Defence that examined ways to improve the sharing of IED threat information between the military and civilian organisations in hazardous areas. counteriedreport.com
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16 COUNTER-IED REPORT, Spring/Summer 2019
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CALL FOR PAPERS COUNTER-IED REPORT
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