Court 1 (Cour de la Cachette) 73 Karnak Temple 2 ‘a practical guide to the Karnak temple complex’ KARNAK 1 1 Forecourt Temple 2 1e Court / 1e Pylon 3 Hypostyle Hall / 2e Pylon 4 Courts & Pylons III IV V VI 5 Central Area 6 Akh Menou 7 Enclosure Thoutmosis III 8 East Area KARNAK 2 9 Procession Road 10 Sacred Lake 11 West Area / Khonsu / Opet 12 North Area / Ptah 13 Open Air Museum 14 Mut Temple 15 Montu Temple 16 Aton Temple Every text and image in this publication has been compiled from sources publicly available through internet, libraries and other publications. This publication will not be used for any commercial purpose, the only reason is insight and transfer of knowledge. In particular I thank W.J. de Jongh W.C. Sollman l’Institut Français d’Archéologie Orientale (Ifao) B. Porter and R.L.B. Moss SITH: Projet Karnak Jean Claude Golvin R.A. Schwaller de Lubicz UCLA Encyclopedia of Egyptology Los Angeles Luc Gabolde M. Georges Legrain Centre Franco Égyptien d’Étude des Temples de Karnak Ahmed Al Tahere
Temple Warehouses 90 Housing of the priests 90
...................................... 152 HAT D18 HAT / TIII T III T III / T AmenhotepIV II T AmenhotepIV III Amenhotep IV / AtonTTAmenhotepRomeinsPtolomeîsNektaneboD26TaharkotRamsRamsRamsSetiRamsHoremhebIID19IIIIIID20IXD25ID30IIII
12 North Area 108
Opet Temple 102
.................................................................... 75
Taharqa Temple 87
11 Chonsu & Opet Temples 92
Bab el Amara Gate 92 Chonsu Temple 94
Mut temple 146 Chonsu the Child 148 Temple Ramses III 149 Kamutef temple 149 Bark chapel 149 Amon Montu Complex 150 Aton Temple
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16 –
Barc Chapel (Sanctuary) Tutmosis III 79
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Temple Ptah 108 108
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TABLE CONTENTS
Pylon VIII 80
9 - Procession Road 76
Pylon VII 77
Court 1 (Cour de la Cachette) 75
Pylon IX 81
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13 Open Air Museum 117
Netery Menu 145
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10 Sacred Lake 86
Court 2 79
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Door of an ointment storeroom 144 Foregate of Amenhotep IV 144 Lintel of Senusret I 144 Mâhouhy stele 144
OF
Aviary 90
North Area various 111 Osiris Chapels 112 Goldhouse Toetmosis I 116
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14 – Mut Complex 146
Court 3 81
15 –
Court 4 83 Amenhotep II Temple 83 Pyloon X 85
Red Chapel Hatshepsut 117 White Chapel Sesostris I 128 Bark Chapel Thoutmosis IV 130 Bark Chapel Thoutmosis III 131 Bark Chapel Amenhotep I 132 Festival Court Thoutmosis IV 133 Chapel Amenhotep II 143
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Court 1 (Cour de la Cachette) 76
G.1.2 Wall outside Hypostyle room LUB, 94, 91, 92, 93
D Ghost Wall
A INSIDE 2 registers.
f Four block built in here and another lying near, both with princes leading captives from Carchemish and Neheren
9 -
C Amenhotep II granite chapel dedicated to the Amun of Pérounéfer
G.1.A Chapels, now destroyed.
Court 1 (Cour de la Cachette)
G.1.3 Wall with passage to open court between Pylon 3 and 4 >> SEE B.14
A Small Pylon Thoutmosis II
B Amenhotep II calcite chapel dedicated to Amun
Court 1 (Cour de la Cachette) 9 Procession Road76
Procession Road
1e: 4 remaining scenes / 1 2King with divinities, / 3 King kneeling on Heb sed between a goddess and a god, [break] / 4 King, with a god, kneeling in front of persea tree before Amon and Mut. 2e Seven scenes. / 1 [Seti II] before Amon, / 2 Seti II, with Wast (holding bow and arrows) and her hymn to Amon / 3 With Mut, offering image of Macet to [Amon/ 4 Consecrating four boxes of coloured cloth to Amon and Isis/ 5 Driving four calves to [Amon and Khans], 6, with bull, running with IJap and oar to Ami:in and Ament / 7 [King] led by Atum and [Monthu] to J:lat~or (making nini) in front of Amon and Mut.
B OUTSIDE 2 registers. 1 King in chariot charging foes (including man on horseback) before fort. / 2 King on foot attacking fort, with waiting chariot behind him and captives below it. c Treaty with Hittites, year 21 of Ramesses II, with lower part of double scene at top, King before Amon and Chonsu (Mut on right half) d 2 registers. 1 Remains of battle scene with chariots, / 2 King in chariot attacking fort of Ascalon e 2 registers: 1 Remains of King in chariot leading captives. II, Two scenes, I, King on foot binding captives / 2 King in chariot, with fanbearers, driving captives.
The court of this pylon has been called the "court of the cachette," as some time in the Greco Roman period, a huge quantity of stone and metal statues were buried here within a huge pit. They were discovered in 1903 CE during excavations at the temple by Georges Legrain. Dug to a depth of 10 meters by George Legrain and Gaston Maspero in 1903 1906: 170 sculptures from basalt, calcite, alabaster, pink granite, slate and sandstone 11 sphinxes from calcite and granite 10 cynochephales from calcite 3 alabaster vases a small slate obelisk a naos gilded from fine limestone 8000 statues and objects from bronze among which; statue of Aï from petrified wood many objects from wood that could no longer be identified Clepsydra >> https://www.ifao.egnet.net/bases/cachette/
E 2 X AmenhotepSphinxIIhad two symmetrical chapels built in calcite and pink granite arranged face to face in the northern part of the "courtyard of the hiding place". The calcite chapel would have disappeared with the construction of the third pylon while that of Amon de Perounefer and the "ghost" wall of the courtyard of the hiding place would have been dismantled later and in several stages. It is up to scientists to make their choice between the theses present.
G
G.1.1 Wall west wall
From Right to left
h Outside Ernoutet(?) Double scene, Horemheb opening shrine of Theban Triad on each half, with scene in centre, Hapi with offerings before serpent headed Termuthis.
G.1.5 Chapel Tutankhamon / Ay
c Text of Libyan victories of Merneptal}., with additional replaced fragments
Pylon VII
e South stela of Ramesses Ill, bottom part (replaced blocks.)
The seventh pylon began the Amun Ra temple's southern processional route. It was located just north of the eighth pylon of Hatshepsut. Two colossal statues of Thutmose III flanked the pylon's doorway on the south side. Two rose granite obelisks stood just south of the statues.
Thutmose III Thutmose III erected his pylon between the existing pylon of Hatshepsut (the eighth) and the southern entrance to the "fest ival court" of Thutmose III. According to inscriptions on the one of the king's chapels, he replaced a mud brick pylon that originally stood on the spot. The southern face of the both pylon towers was decorated with relief scenes of the Thutmose III in the act of "smiting" a group of cowering captives. Construction materials: sandstone Measurements: The pylon reached a height of 26m. It was 63.2m in length and 10.6m in width. Door posts inside: a Granite door posts inside east Substructure with niches + TIII cartouches with winged suns. Between the niches Amon Re sitting on the throne, offers the key of life to a Horus (royal) with cartouches and feathers Seti II (surused) Upper register; King (probably) accompanies toth? and Menthou in royal 'ascent' to the sanctuary (walking from South to North) b Granite door frame, with royal ascent, damaged and remnants of a text in which Thutmose III mentions the building of an Ouser hat bark after returning from an expedition
b Victory stela, Libyan war, year 5 of Merneptal}. (for duplicate text, see 'Israel stela',
Pylon VII 9 Procession Road77
The most interesting remains, however, are a series of architectural elements blocks, lintels, architraves and the like from a sandstone building of Tutankhamun and Ay, which have been discovered in various locations around Karnak, though the majority were found within the cores of the Second and Ninth Pylons (both of which were erected by Horemheb). Some of the elements were of a considerable size, and included parts of a pillared hall: it is clear that this was a monument of imposing dimensions. However, there are further reliefs that are unusual: these are, surprisingly, of a funerary nature. Throughout this second building, Ay states that he ‘made it as his monument for his son, the Good God, Lord of the Two Lands, Nebkheperure’, and he claims also that it was built for Tutankhamun as a ‘Temple of Millions of Years’.
d Stela fragments of Ramesses IV with offering list below (replaced blocks).
g 3 scenes. 1. Merneptah with Sefkhet cabu writing on IJeb sed wand (rest destroyed), / 2Sphinx protecting Ramesses IX, / 3 King, goddess, and god, with series of cartouches of Ramesses IV (changed to VI) below.
a Two registers. I, Remains of Merneptal,l with divinities, II, Merneptal}. smiting foes before Amon.
f North stela (fragments), year 20 of Ramesses III, with scene above, kneeling King, with Thoth writing, receiving Heb sed from Amon, Atum( ?), and Wast.
G.1.4 Wall inside east wall. Restoration 2018
Pylon VII
a Colossus (pair with e)
j Stele, Stela, J:lareml,lab before Amon and M ut, sandstone, usurped from TutankhAmon. k Royal Statue of Sesostris IV Cairo CG 42026, JE36128 Sesostris IV Sénefer ib Rê ( 2100) Dating: XVIth dynasty / Sesostris IV Sénefer ib Rê Material: Granite Dimension (s) H: 275 cm.
d 2 registers: 1 2 scenes, 1 T Ill embraced by seated Amon, from Amon and Chonsu, and two statue niches with titles of Mernepta e Jamb, toetmosis Ill before a god, with renewal text of Seti I, name of door of toetmosis Ill below, and cartouches of Ramesses IV on base.
c Not in Situ; Thutmose III. granite osiride on left shoulder Ra knife right shoulder Hek Maat Re with white crown, crossed arms with anch marks. vertical band: Ouser Maat Ra
G.2.5 Pylon wall,
Wall with two flagstaff slots At the top great relief King in victory over the enemy standing with the symbol 'makes' in one hand, the left hand holds a stick to which the enemies are attached At the bottom three registers of prisoners with names
a/b Jambs, column of text, and scene in bottom register beyond, Merneptaht seated before naos, with Thoth (goddess on right jamb) writing, by offering bringer on base c Text of toetmosis Ill
g Material: Granite. Date of discovery: 1901. The statue features a seated king, from the Middle Kingdom or the Second Intermediate Period, carrying the nemes. The character's hands have disappeared and the lower part of the statue is very damaged: no inscription has come down to us, the belt buckle not telling us about the identity of the king represented.
Door jamb on left side: at the bottom two horizontal registers with name of the door: Amon Re, great in appearance
Granite statue, King with white crown in stride forward, on belt cartouche Tutmose III, on the left shoulder Ramses IV Dating: 18th Dynasty / Thutmosis III The decor of this document has been totally or partially modified by Ramses IV Material: Granite Dimension (s) H: 400 cm, Pr: 134 cm.
Dating: 18th Dynasty / TIII The decor of this document has been totally or partially modified by RIV Material: Granite Dimension (s) H: 400 cm, Pr: 148 cm. Cleared by G. Legrain in October 1901, broken into three pieces.
i Statue of a standing king Amenhotep II Dating: 18th dynasty / Amenhotep II Material: Granite. Date of discovery: 1901. Statue of King Amenhotep II standing, carrying the nemes and wearing a loincloth with a triangular front.
G.2.4 Passage
d Not in Situ; Thutmose III, granite, standing in the yoke on culture cartouche TIII on his shoulder, left the name Ra Mes right Hek Maat Re RIV with white crown
Right wall, far right: at the top remains of text princess Makere, daughter of Psu Nennes (21st dynasty) At the bottom of southern nations 269 name rings (many destroyed)
G.2.3 Pylon wall
h Statue of a seated king Sobekhotep Material: Granite. Date of discovery: 1901. Statue of a seated King Sobekhotep, wearing the nemes and wearing the Chendjyt loincloth. The king's hands are laid flat on his knees. The lower part of the statue is badly damaged but a column of hieroglyphics specifying the king's birth name is partially pre served to the king's left, on the seat: only a few signs are visible today.
Remains of scene, toetmosis Ill smiting Nubian captives before [Amon] with small god below, and 269 name rings
Dating: 18th Dynasty / Thutmosis III The decor has been totally or partially modified by Ramses IV Material: Granite Dimension (s) H: 445 cm, L: 80 cm, Pr: 120 cm. Osiride statue, King with white crown and closed legs, cartouches same as A
b Osiriac Colossus
G.2.2 Images for VII pylon
f Osiriac Colossus Dating: 18th Dynasty / Thutmosis III The decor of this document has been totally or partially modified by Ramses IV
e Colossus (pair with a)
Remains of scene, toetmosis Ill smiting Asiatic captives before [Amon] with small god below, and 359 name rings
Material: Granite Dimension (s) H: 445 cm, L: 80 cm, Pr: 120 cm.
e f g h i b a
G.2.1 Pylon wall
At the top King with the white crown and club standing in captives before [Amon] with small god Dedwen below, and 116 name
f 5 scenes Right to left: 1 King offering victims to Min / 2 Running with Hap and oar to Amon / 3 Presenting offerings to a god / 4 Incense to a god / 5 Destroyed g 5 scenes to the right: 1 King driving four calves to a god 2 Running with vases to a god 3 Offering four boxes of colored cloth to a god 4 Destroyed 5 Offering incense
c Relief with two large figures, right priest with skin d Same as b but mirrored (stick in front of him)
G.2.6 Two colossi, RIII with sceptre and flail, and remains of captive on base. TIll, lower part, with captive and line oftext on base. Standing with one foot forward. Made of pink granite from Assoean Found at the feet; statue of high priest Amen hotep, son of Ramses nakht D20 a Up to hip height Right side with relief of Ramses III, standing with nemes, fence and nekhakha b only legs over, with the white crown at the foot Found in the vicinity; stele TIII restored by Seti I (Cairo M.34011)
Court 2
G.3.2 East wall
b Lower (largest) relief, gifts of gold, silver, etc.Ramses IX standing with stick to shoulder and raised arm, for himself 1st priest of Amun, Amenhotep with raised arm and 2 attendants (smaller), who keep their hands on the robe, Before the face of the 1st priest his name, behind the face are 'antecedents' The reliefs above disappeared, remains of bark?
b Passage through stairs / LIntel, double scene, King with Horus name, (seen by Champollion, perhaps from here), jambs, / King consecrating, with name of door of toetmosis Ill below.
On the left a Pylon (G.4.a) giving access to the shrine of Thutmose III a Passage Inscription on the inside of the gate. Amenhotep 1st prophet of Amun. Pastor of Herihor and son of Ramses Nakht (in honor of Ramses II). King Ramses IX looks towards holy lake.
Court 2 9 Procession Road79
G.2.7 Obelisks of Thutmose III,
G3 Remains of pavement found between the 7th and 8th pylon, running in the middle between the obelisks
With two flagstaff slots, only relief in between King defeats Asians for Amun (with Wast), King with red crown on and in white hand the white club, in the left hand a stick: Makes splits in two Down prisoners with 119 cities name rings Flagpoles were on an elevation or extension
G.3.a Buildings, unknown
G.2.8 Pylon wall
G.4 The shrine of Thutmose III (known as the "chapel/shrine of the lake") was located just before the façade of the king's seventh pylon. The shrine opened onto the court of the seventh pylon as well as onto the western banks of the Sacred Lake. Thutmose III made a copy of the calcite chapel of Amenhotep I that originally served as Karnak's central bark shrine. The king placed his new chapel on a small podium surrounded by an 18 columned peristyle. The Thutmoside shrine was given the same name as the shrine of Amenhotep I, and it is possible that the original structure had been moved to a location near the lake by Hatshepsut. The Thutmose III shrine served as a way station for the portable bark of the god when the sacred bark came forth from the temple to sail on the Sacred Lake. Construction materials: sandstone, calcite ("Egyptian alabaster") Measurements: The calcite chapel was 3.6m across, 6.75m deep, and 4.5m high. The limestone pillared peristyle measured 12.5m across, 16.5m deep and 7.7m high. The podium stood 0.5m off the Graniteground.Shrineintended to store Amun in his barque during festivities on the sacred lake. a Frontage, with a small pylon and two flagpoles on walls Cartouches of Ramesses Ill and IV Statues Sesostris I, granite, in Cairo 38286 7
h Outdoor (?) altar with stairs
Pedestals / Founding mentioned in the Annals top of the left (a) obelisk moved by Theodose to the hippodrome of Constantinople / Istanbul. 4 cardinal directions of the obelisks; South; 1st protocol. East 2nd Horus name and 2 crowns. North 3rd Horus name. West 4th Horus name./ a Only the pedestal of the pedestal remains / b Pedestal, damaged and fragment of the base of the obelisk / c fragment (s?) of the obelisk present. Owl and goose head
G.3.1 West Wall
c First construction phase d Second construction phase e Chapel, both sides of which are made from a piece of alabaster (+/ 8 meters length) / Middle relief; King in 'the big pass' with rowing and steering belts
Barc Chapel (Sanctuary) Tutmosis III
Figure 5.24. Amun-Ra Grants Jubilees to Ramesses
Pylon VIII
Relief inside Gateway of Karnak Eighth Pylon. The Scene Became the Object of Popular Piety and Was Enshrined. Pilgrims’ Gouges Attest to Its Popularity
Under 15 large holes, in the middle 2 x 32 Left 2 registers / 1 toetmosis 1 led by Wert Hekau to Hathor making nini, with bark of Amon carried by priests behind the King. / 2 toetmosis I before The ban Triad, with text thanking Amon for accession of Hatshepsut (later changed to toetmosis II).
3 registers: 1e toetmosis 11 and HIatshepsut with renewal texts of Seti I, three scenes, / 1 Bark of Amon carried by priests, / King led by Monthu/King presented by Wert l).ekau to Ami1n and Chonsu, with Thoth writing on beb sed wands at left end. / 2e Ramesses Ill, four scenes, / 1 purified by Thoth and Horus, / 2 Crowned by Atum and Rec I;Iarakhti / 3Led by Chonsu and Mut/ 4 Receiving l,zeb sed from Amon and Ament. / 3e Ramesses Ill, eight scenes, / 1 with Mut, offering image of Macet to Amon, / 2 offering water to Chonsu, / 3 offering wine to Mendes, / 4 censing and libating to Amon and Chonsu / 5 / With Thoth, offering image of Ma(et to Re( ~arak.hti and Iuscas, / 6 With Buto, offering water(?) to Atum and ~atl).or, / 7 With Wert l).ekau, offering Heb sed to Amon and Mut, / 8 Offering wine to Onuris Shu and Tefnut.
Hatshepsut's eighth pylon was the first of the still remaining pylons added to the temple's southern processional route. It may have replaced a mud brick pylon that once stood on the same spot. While it served as the southern entrance, statues of Thutmose II, Amenhotep I with Ahmose Nefertari, and Amenhotep II were erected along its southern face. The original decoration of the queen is now mostly lost, as it was subject to a series of later recarvings by Thutmose III, Amenhotep II, Tutankhamen, and Sety I. The south face now shows Amenhot enemies, while the north face depicts the king interacting with the gods and a procession of the sacred bark (possibly during Festival). Construction materials: sandstone / Measurements: Pylon VIII measured 21m high. It was 47.7m in length and 9.3m in width.
G.5.1
Image in the center with Amenhotep II in ceremonial slaughter of captives, but standing upright!
On the far left 15 Neters in 3 rows On the outside of the door jamb title with cartouches toetmosis II G.5.4 Side pylon with passage to stairs. Passage door decorated on the sides with texts, on the top a lintel with two kneeling priests Roy and Romei (one person) adoration towards two destroyed cartouches Above that, an offering to seated Amun to the right of the passage A large space with texts dating from the time of Seti II, and two priests, Romei Roi and his son Baken Chonsu in adoration Relief at the top: Mirrored Amons, with Chonsu and Malt behind them
G.5.2 Door posts a / b Remnants of pedestals for statues (?)
Performances in three registers, cut in half due to the passage / Bottom: Priests with flowers and fat cattle top: Pylon with flagpoles (Luxor) 5.26. Processional Bark of Amun-Ra. Crude Graffito Hall
a Amenophis IIJ, restored by toetmosis IV, destroyed except part of throne and base, and statuette of Queen Ti
f (?) Extended door jambs. /. g (?)
d Stela, granite, base in situ, and replaced fragments of top with double scene, Amenophis II offering wine to Amon.
k Rameside block of King in the tree with Neters writing his name Sides with unfinished reliefs Amon Gate with relief of Ramses II with scepter Hek and Nekhakha on the shoulder, receiving (Panegyries) from Amun
Pylon VIII 9 Procession Road80
G.5.3 Pylon wall
e Toetmosis II, lower part, quartzite, restored by toetmosis Ill in year 42 with [statuette of Princess Mutnefert] by right leg. Red quartzite from Gebel Ahmar on culture and side and throne cartouches Thutmose II.
76 PETER oi.uchicago.edu Figure
G.5.8 Gate in wall next to the pylon
l Stele Tuthankhamon (?)
Right 2 registers. / 1 Seti I before Amon, with lesser Ennead. / 2 Seti I, with renewal text, offering wine to Amon with Great Ennead Lower register on the right; TI presents 20 lines of text to the Theban Triad, edited by Hatshepsut in homage to their father.
G.5.7 Western wall pylon with two flagpoles
Upper register Right; Holy barque supported by priests, Middle; King is introduced by the Great Magician King with White crown for Amun.
G.5
G.5.5 East wall pylon with two flagpoles Image in the center with Amenhotep II in ceremonial slaughter of captives, but standing upright! G.5.6
h Thutmose 11, limestone, restored by toetmosis Ill in year 22. Text on belt / i remain pedestal. / remainder of the plinth
Statues for the pylon
Pylon wall
b Amenophis I with restoration text of toetmosis Ill, year 22, on throne, c Statuette of Aj / MerytAmon [daughter of Thutmose Ill], east of it.
(after Epigraphic
VEILED: Amun-Ra grants Jubilees to R II, Inside the Gateway, the scene became the object of popular piety and was Enshrined, pilgrims couges attest to its popularity
Members of Lepsius's expedition copied (1963±) the representations and texts near the ninth pylon of the Amun temple at Karnak. The name Amenhotep IV (Akhnaton) was repeatedly found on the blocks. After a brief exploration of the terrain, it was discovered that the stones were from the interior of the ninth pylon. The pylon was originally built by Amenhotep III it the 18th dynastic, moor weld rebuilt in century by honey Horemheb. The latter king meanwhile demolished structures of Amenhotep IV and used the released material as filling of the pylon.
B Scenes battle of Kadesh / Ramses III (15th year) and Ramses IV (2nd year) add their title titles
Court 3 9 Procession Road81
3
Construction materials: sandstone Measurements: The pylon extended 65.6m in length, 11.9m in depth and rose to a height of 26.10m.
The pylon had been in a bad condition for a long time. Both had collapsed. What was left at the end, to be able to come near any moment. For visitors, the pylon was in great danger, but the monument itself would be completely lost in this way. Therefore, in 1963, the Karnak Archaeological Service began to tear off the upper part of the pylon and to re bow. In 1967 this work was continued by the Lauffray and Sauneron).
During the work, the number of 'talatats' was discovered in the upper lower. The lower they got, the more were found. Apparently the ninth pylon was almost completely full of 'talatats', also the eastern one. This discovery led to the decision to tear down the pylon to the ground. Thousands of 'talatats' with images were in the bottom section. On closer examination of the stones in the various lower, it was also discovered that 'talatats', which were found close to each other, were part of the same scene. In Haremheb's time the stones were probably brought directly from the place to the place where they were now. In this way, the stones entered the interior of the pylon in certain order. Therefore, when clearing the ninth pylon, the position of each 'talatat' was accurately tracked. A wooden scaffolding was built over the pylon with hoists to facilitate breakdown. However, it also had a camera that could completely cover the interior of the pylon. Whenever a layer was exposed and cleaned, it was photographed from above. After that, the stones were only removed from the pylon, where each 'talatat' was provided with a number. Separate photos were then taken of each 'talatat'. On the basis of the recordings, the number of stones belonging to each other has come to images again. At the request of the Egyptian authorities, the most beautiful scene in the Luxor museum was rebuilt.
Pylon IX
G.6.A Original site of the Temple of Amenhotep II (G.9)
Court
G.6
G.6.1 West wall 3rd court, with passage
G.6.2 East wall 3rd court, with passage Procession of barks of Theban Triad carried by priests, accompanied by dancers, female clappers, and standard bearers, with heap of offerings.
G.7
C Doorway located to the west of the eighth pylon
A Procession of boats returning from Luxor, towards 2nd pylon
Horemheb built this pylon and its court to further elaborate the southern processional, previously marked by the start of construction on the tenth pylon to the south. Horemheb was responsible for systematically dismantling the east Karnak temples of Akhenaten, and he utilized their sandstone "talatat" blocks as building fill for the ninth pylon.
Ramesses II (III / IV) later added relief decoration along the walls between Pylon VIII and Pylon IX. These scenes show the procession of the sacred bark during the Opet Festival. Ramesses II also decorated the pylon's sandstone gateway.
Three registers can be found to the left of the postern located on the west side of the eighth pylon. Depicted there are the presentation of fat cows, crowned and bedecked with ribbons such as can be seen in the court of Ramesses II at Luxor, which are proceeding toward the pylon; the procession of the priests laden with flowers; and on the top register, a pylon with four flagpoles that seems to be preceded by a vestibule or provided with a double doorway (?).35 This wall was cut on a bias according to the carvings of the bas reliefs.
Ramesses II with libation before Amon, and text below with captives and name rings, Nubians on left, Asiatics on right.
North scene: Offering from the plate of offerings > right South scene: Offering from the plate of offerings > left under 2nd register North scene: Giving lettuce South scene: Performing the anointing medjet 3rd register North scene South scene: Give the flowers renepet > right under NorthBasementsandSouth
2 registers: 1e 2 scenes / 1 Horemheb, changed to Ramesses II, before barks of Theban Triad carried by priests / 2 Ramesses Ill before Amon with scimitar. / 2e Five scenes / 1 destroyed / 2King] before Amnn and Ament / 3 King, with Thoth writing, offering bouquet to Amon and Mut / 4 offering ointment jar to Ptal]. and goddess / 5 Led by Chonsu to [Apet] and TextAmon.of Ramesses IV, usurped by Ramesses VI, between I and II and at base.
Pylon IX 9 Procession Road82
Découvert lors de l’opération: OP111 du Cfeetk Cette porte se situe à l’est du IXe pylône, onze mètres en face de l’entrée de l’escalier interne du môle est. Elle est insérée dans un mur de briques crues qui borde la partie orientale des cours des IXe et Xe pylônes. Chaque montant est large de 71 cm et le passage de 1,25 m ; la porte devait mesurer 4,37 m de hauteur
1stStandingsregister
G.7.2 Eastern north face,
Matière : Grès / Dimension(s) H : 4,37, L : 2,67 m, Pr : 1,60 m.
G.7.4 Passage
G.7.3 Wall
G.7.6 Door Masaharté Dyn. XXI
G.7.5 Eastern south wall
G.7.1 Western north face, with wedding reliefs Ramses IV on the right with daughter of Hittitenfarao = chef de Kheta to the right of the flagpole; sacrificial scene, cartouche in the name of Ramses II 'style' by Horemheb at the bottom 2 registers King going from east to west (Temple in), at the top 1 register with boats go the other side (Temple out)
a Remains of stele, RII + decree Ptah / b Mast slot with dedication text Horemheb on both sides
Datation: XXIe dynastie (document non royal)
2 registers: 1e 2 scenes, / 1 King receiving Heb sed from Amon / 2 barks of Theban Triad, carried by priests. 2e 5 scenes, / 1 King offering ointment to Theban Triad / 2 Lled by Horus to Amon / 3 with Thoth writing, receiving Heb sed from Amon and lion headed goddess, / 4 Purified by Thoth and Horus before Amon / 5 With hawk headed Amon, offering his name to Min and Isis. In between text of Ramesses IV, usurped by Ramesses VI. Base, text with altered Ramesside cartouches.
The “edifice of Amenhotep II” is the name given to a low building with a pillared façade located along the southern processional route of the temple, between the ninth and tenth pylons. Originally part of a separate festival court under Amenhotep II, the building was reconstructed in its present location by Horemheb.
The decree of Horemheb was discovered in the courtyard of the Xth pylon, in its current location against the Xth pylon, during the excavations of G. Maspero in 1882.
G.8.1 West wall, with passage
G.8.3 Wall to the right of the Temple of Amenhotep II a Horemheb, with chiefs of Punt bringing produce, offers incense, &c., to Theban Triad. Base, text of Ramesses Ill and IV. Inside of the wall to the right of the Temple of Amenhotep II / King (Horemheb) presents tributes of the chiefs of Amon Pount (land of incense) (light Amarna style) / The chiefs are not prisoners, they are behind King in two registers b Inside of the wall to the right of the passage Horemheb presenting three rows of captives with princes of Retenu and I,Ia nebu, and decorated vases, bags, and bouquet, to Amon. Base text of Ramesses Ill and IV. / Amon, sitting with her behind (Malt?), Receives tributes from Egei and Syria. King is not armed but with a scepter of Fence and ropes in front of himprisoners behind them. "the miserable greats of Hannebou (Egei) the bad chefs of Retenou (Syria)". King Cartouche in the name of Horemheb, is thought to Tutankhamonc Pinezem, High priest, followed by man with naos and Q.utmosi, son of Su <awiAmon, both Overseers of granaries, and a priest, censing to barks of Theban Triad carried by priests, with long oracle text below.
D Roman houses
Amenhotep II
a 2 scenes, remains of processions of barks / 1 Priests and offerings in booths
Amenhotep II constructed a grand festival court south of the 8th Pylon which would have defined the southern most monumental extension of Karnak (Van Siclen 2010). The court seems to have held a small pylon and porch, a pillared peristyle, and a building with a pillared façade.
A Buildings of the early Christians, made of old material
G.8
4
c Exterieur southern part 1 Scene The great oracular text of Djehutymose Graffito Birds
Decree Horemheb?
C Remains of buildings and walls from probably Ethiopian times
G.8.2 Wall to the left of the Temple of Amenhotep II
The arch of the stele included a double scene of offering in front of Amon Re. Most of the hanger fragments now lost are known thanks to copies by U. Bouriant. Several new blocks detached from the arch and the body of the text of the stele were unearthed during the excavations of the CFEETK in the courtyard of the Xth pylon. A fragment of a duplicate of the stela which partially reproduces six lines (27 32) of the decree was discovered at OuterAbydos.wall
b OUTSIDE Second duplicate of the literary version of the Battle of Kadesh engraved on the exterior face of the west wall of the court of the Xth pylon, north of the west gate. The total length of the text, of which only the lower part remains, is 43 meters 55. The columns are written retrograde from left to right.
Court 4 9 Procession Road83
B Altar of Chonsu, remains of a building with columns (?) With images of Chonsu, cartouches empty or emptied
A Cubic statue in yellow quartzite and a head in black granite of a divine woman, Ethiopian
2 King, with ka holding tapers, presents [offerings] to Theban Triad
a Scene of Masaharta, son of Pinedjem I with sacrifices in front of him b Depiction of Amon's barque with an inscription of Paianch, high priest of Amun, mentioning an oracle in the year 25 of Ramses XI c Exterior; Pinedjem I with offerings for the holy barks
(For original location see G.6.A)
Court
Battle of Kadesh, with chariots, soldiers, men bringing captives, courtiers, and counting of hands, met by courtiers and soldiers, with Battle poem beyond.
2 Remains of King leading Nubian captives with tribute, and fort with dom palms, before Theban Triad. d/e Procession of barks carried by priests, with priest censing( ?), and feet of procession above.
c 2 scenes / 1 King with stands of offerings before god and goddess, with I:IeJ.t kneeling behind them /
Amenhotep II Temple
Found in the ground in the square: Western Small obelisk of pink granite from Ramses III, with some stelae Eastern statue in black granite in the name of Nesmin, son of Chnoem ib Re
G.9
The many pillars in the Temple are decorated with relief depictions of King Amenhotep II accompanied by Amun, with underneath two registers with hieroglyphic texts that are placed on all sides of the pillar.
a Access ascending
Amenhotep II Temple 9 Procession Road84
c Doorway, Door styles King receiving life from Amon with name of door below. (c) Goddess and Serpent goddess.
The festival court of Amenhotep II was torn down by Horemheb during his restructuring of the southern processional route. The king used the disassembled blocks from four buildings of the court to create a new structure on the eastern side of the court between the ninth and tenth pylons. The new building rested on a small podium with a ramp leading up to its entrance. A portico of fourteen pillars formed the structure’s façade, which led directly to a large pillared hall. The doorway between these rooms was lined with a jamb of rose granite. Flanking either side of the central hall were two smaller pillared rooms, leading to yet smaller rooms. The re erection of this building along the southern processional way (which does not run perpendicular to the east west axis of the temple proper) appears to have influenced its new form, as the building is shaped as a parallelogram, angled to follow the axis of the pylons. Sety I seems to have continued work on the temple, later sealing the original east entrance and completing the decoration left unfinished by Horemheb.
In the Temple jubilees were celebrated in honor of the Theban Triad but also Amenhotep II himself. Members of the royal family and many other dignitaries, including officials and priests, took part in the memorial's festive activities.
f South room ; Statue, lower part, a seated god protecting King inHeb sed dress, with statuette of a King (probably toetmosis IV) by right leg, alabaster.
g Pacankh, Viceroy of Kush, Commander of troops, Esamenrec, Second prophet of Amon, and EsAmon, warb priest, Scribe of the storehouse of the estate of Amon (son of CAshakhet before bark of Amon carried by priests, oracle text, year 7 of Ramesses XI, below h Double scene, Amon seated, with name of Mesehert, son of King Pinezem, before him on right half
The architecture of the front of the Temple is executed with a gallery on both sides and shows similarities with the Temple o f Seti I at FromAbydos.the gallery, a large portal gives access to a large hall of the Temple, in which eight large pillars on either side, which were originally colorfully painted.
Horemheb
The Temple originally had a roof, much of which was lost.
b 12 Columns, remains of scenes King of a god with Heb sed text
e North room
The Temple of King Amenhotep II is located along the road that leads from the 10th pylon of King Thutmoses III to the gate of the 9th pylon. An ascending road leads to the entrance of the Temple which is built of limestone and is oriented to the East.
The hall gives access to other smaller rooms in the Temple on the left and right behind the pillars via a portal, which are also equipped with large pillars decorated with relief scenes. The walls in the Temple were also originally decorated with scenes of which some fragments can still be seen in some places.
Construction materials: sandstone, rose granite Measurements: The “edifice of Amenhotep II” (as reconstructed under Horemheb) was approximately 37m wide and 20m deep.
Walls: 1 Remains of King receiving l,zeb sed from a god and goddess. / 2; 2 scenes. King offering nemset vase to Amon( ?) and Wine to Amon. / 3; 3 scenes. 1 Remains of chariots with names of Monthu and Reshef 2 King offering natron and water to a god, 3, offering flowers to a god and goddess. / 4 King offering wine to Amon, and King (rest destroyed). / 5; 2 scenes 1King offering nemset vase to Min(?). 2 libating to a god. / 6 Remains of King receiving l,zeb sed from a god and goddess.
d Space 20 pillars pillars, Remains of scenes, King embraced by, or receiving life from, Amon (twice with Mut), with Heb sed text below.
Several statues were displayed in the Temple, including a large statue of Amun depicted on the throne with the standing king on his right.
E Inside; 4 registers, 1st Below, King for seated Amun with her goddess (with southern crown) 2nd King for Amun Min 3rd King for Amun with Chonsu behind him
Horemheb
d At the foot 4 seated writers found Paramessoe 2 x Amenhotep, son of Hapoe 2x (closest to the pylon) Now in Cairo Museum e Kolos (headless), limestone,Horemheb, usurped by Ramesses II, with statuette of Queen Mutnezemt {changed to Nefertari) by left leg, and captives with name rings on base
G.10
G.10.5 Pylon wall
C Doorway of Petubastis I, re used by Taharqa, sandstone, in front of south doorway. Taharqa facing / Taharqa offering wineto Theban Triad. Cornice (on ground), remains of texts.
A 3 registers ; 1 King offering ointment to AmW and Chonsu / 2 Running With {les vases to [Amnoj / 3 Offering libation on altars to Amlln and Khoue. Base, text, partly usurped by Psammetil<l>os ll.
A Exterior, granite, 4 registers Horemheb; 1st Below 2nd King for Amon MIn 3rd King for Amun 4th only bottom visible
D Exterior, granite, 5 registers Horemheb 1st Below, offerings of wine to Amon Ra. 2nd water at Amon Re Ka Moetef 3rd adoration to Amon Re 4th King 4 times in adoration for Moet followed by Chonsoe (top 6 blocks shifted, cross stone still present)
b Kolos (headless), limestone,Horemheb, usurped by Ramesses II, with statuette of Queen Mutnezemt {changed to Nefertari) by left leg, and captives with name rings on base Left foot slightly forward, head hands and insignia off Pedestal white limestone, decorated on 3 sides with prisoners (9 Arches). Asians to the right of the king, Negroes to the left of the king c Remnant of stones from the pylon (?)
The upper sections of the pylon towers were filled with "talatat" blocks from the east Karnak temples of Akhenaten. These were systematically destroyed by Horemheb as part of his renewal of the traditional Egyptian cults. The pylon towers depicted Horemheb in the classic Egyptian style, "smiting" his enemies. The walls of the court were inscribed with scenes showing Horemheb making the journey to an exotic foreign land called Punt and returning with fabulous treasures.
Construction materials: sandstone Measurements: The pylon was 66.6m long, 12m wide, and reached a height of 21m. doorway was 15.62m high. The fact that there are colossi of Amenhotep III in front of it indicates that th has been (from clay stone?) or a simple gate
Door jambs
B Inside; 3 trays. Under king (standing with triangular skirt) sacrifices to Amun sitting on throne and feet on a mat (decorated only) Middle King in the big pass with vases and white crown
B 3 registers; 1 King offering ointment to Amon and Chonsu 2 Running with bap and oar to Amon 3 [King] consecrating to Amon and Mut Base, text, partly usurped by Psammetil<l>os ll
G.10.3 King smiting captives] with name rings of eight northern peoples below
D ?
Horemheb finished the construction of the pylon, and added sandstone walls connecting the monument to his ninth pylon. The court of the tenth pylon functioned as an intermediate space between the sacred and the profane; to the east, a doorway led to the administrative quarters, storehouses and priestly living quarters.
a Decree (stele from Horemheb) (?)
Pyloon X 9 Procession Road85
G.10.1 Wall pylon, left side largely destroyed, [King smiting captives] with name rings of three southern peoples below
The tenth pylon is the furthest pylon south on the temple's southern processional route leading to the Mut temple and Luxor temple.
G.10.2 Images INSIDE etc. for the pylon
Amenhotep III began construction on the tenth pylon, but only the lowest courses were completed before his death.
On the side of the King a statue of the queen Mout Nefertari underneath on the plinth of white limestone the vanquished from the south Pedestal white limestone, decorated on 3 sides with prisoners (9 Arches). Asians to the right of the king, Negroes to the left of the king Inside Gate
Pyloon X
G.10.4 Side pylon, half upright, no images
F Exterior 5 registers
C Exterior, 5 registers; 1st Below, King standing before Amun, is separated by wall G.10.6.c The King has a blue Ibes crown with horns of Chnoem and two snakes sideways, on top of the sun / moon with feathers He has a conical shape (bread?) In his hand / 2nd King with the same crown as below for Amun Min 3rd / 4th? 5th Above, half destroyed, King for Amon Min
Amenhotep III
The pedestal was later changed by Horemheb b / c extended porch, built by Pedoebast 23dyn, later cartouches added by Taharka d Colossus in the name of Amenhotep III, see also a 1st one piece base of quartzite
G.10.8 Side pylon
Thutmose III records digging a new sacred lake at the Amun Ra temple. The lake may have replaced an earlier sacred lake located somewhere in the southern area of the temple. The lake was used during religious festivals for flotillas of sacred barks and for the daily enjoyment of the geese of Amun.
The engineering miracle of the lake design is one of the secrets of life in the Pharaonic civilization, where the water level of the sacred lake more than 3000 BC and to this day has not dried up or there has been an increase or decrease in the level even at the time of the flooding of the Nile.
On the bottom left and right two figures 'Pillars of their mother' (Ioun Moet f) with a youth lock (ghmt) and with a panther skin of which one leg is in the left hand, with the right hand a speech is given In the top center a sun with two falcons, with crowns standing on names (?) and ka signs with arms
a Colossus of Amenhotep III, made by Amenhotep, son of Hapou, quartzite / sandstone, only the feet remain.
On the front is a representation mirrored by an Ankh sign at the top Cartouches; Neb Maat Re Amenhotep III, with addition 'part de Ra' (West, descending) and with the addition 'heir of Ra' (East, rising)
Standing one foot forward (2.65 m) and one foot back (2.69 m) +/ 20.95 m. high (according to Amenhotep himself 40 royal 'coudees')
Pyloon X 10 Sacred Lake86
10 – Sacred Lake
Measurements: The lake measures 128m long and 83m wide.
On these sides of the pedestal Nile gods representing the Northern Nomen 2nd plinth (bottom) red granite from Assuan consisting of 3 parts; north south plants united with prisoners tied up Pedestal East side androgynous, bull, nome libia, right hand water, left hand food e remainder of the plinth f Sphinxenallee to the Temple of Moet 'mistress in Asheroe'; in name of Horemheb , later cartouches credited by Seti II ? Hand of the kolos 476 of 477
The rectangular sacred lake is located to the south of the Middle Kingdom court. Many types of buildings were located around the lake, indicating its vast array of functions. The edifice of Taharqo and the "Nilometer" are to the north, while a small chapel of Thoth existed to the west. to the east, priests lived or worked in administrative buildings dated from the 22nd Dynasty into the Ptolemaic Period. to the south, magazines and an aviary have been discovered.
G.10. 6 OUTSIDE Images etc. in front of the entrance
G.10.7 Pylon wall, practically destroyed
The lake as it is today was further modified by Taharqo, but what these modifications were and how vastly the lake changed remains unknown.
The lake was surrounded by a large fence, but it is currently dilapidated due to erosion and climatic conditions. A measurement of the Nile waters is on both sides of the south and north of the lake to see the dates of the Nile floods each year. Stairs go down to the lake with a small boat in it for a ride. The lake was fed with two entrances on the east and west side of excess water. Lake is fed by the waters of the Nile through a small canal.
Litanies de Rê formes osiriennes; 6511 one who renews, the one who comes
Taharqa Temple 10 Sacred Lake87 69 The baboon of the Duat 71 The eternal one 73 (lord) of the BA souls 75 Lord of the darkness who paves the way The shining hidden The cheerful big male cat He, whose shining eye speaks corrupting He with the dark face The binding emerging , who renews the earth changing The shining of light
70 The
A.b Osirian Forms Litany of Re
forth
72 Traveler who passes by, brilliant one
The burning one who is in the earth
ROOM D
This register includes two paintings, the first, on the left (north), in the upper part of the door lintel, as well as the one engraved above the hymn to the rising sun (see 6521). This second part is very poorly preserved; only the stern of a divine barque facing south (Room C) is still visible. The left part shows the sun god in the form of a scarab which is lifted by the Hermopolitan deities Heh and Hehet. The temple of Ramses III at Medinet Habu may have retained a similar composition (OIP 84, pl. 420) above the hymn to the rising sun.
C North Wall 1
Taharqa Temple 10 Sacred Lake88
He from the cauldron (a penal instrument) The awakened
Taharqo walking left offering to Re at his setting
C North Wall 2
East Wall
Taharqo kneeling, adoring at his setting; The first decorative register of the eastern wall includes the scene engraved on the lower part of the door lintel as well as the 9 column hymn engraved to its right. The scene is very poorly preserved, only the image of a protective hippopotamus goddess is still partially visible. The parallels, in particular that of Medinet Habu (OIP 84, pl. 420), show that this and another framed the representation of Isis and Nephthys lifting the solar Ddisk.
Litany of Re Hymns: The great Hymn a west wall (foto) /. b north wall
The baboon of the underworld Lord of the 'ba''s Lord of darkness hot The shining The mysterious The jubilant
ROOM C
ROOM B
He with the exalted figure with the distant 'ba He with the exalted' ba The child
Taharqa offerings to Amen & Heliopolis Enneade South: offering presentation crane bird, antelope, calf, birds, vases, East: Enneade
A South Wall; Taharqo and baboons adoring Re at his rising B Setting of the sun West Wall; The western gods adoring Re at his setting and the text of the first hour of the Book of Night.
ROOM G Pit
D Elevation on the Tst support and the elevation of the four gods
Sobek = Libya
The king holds the MKS stick and the HD, two objects traditionally held by the king during foundation ceremonie called ‘giving the house to its lord’. Among the texts are carved two scenes wich show the arrival of Amen Re Kamutefwith a prcession of priests, shrines and offerings.
H Open Sun Court Nilometer
The lintel above the door of the west wall bears a sceneof this primeval mound resting upon two outstrechted arms and topped by a lotus and a falcon. to the left is the so called ‘Anubis’ fetish. The whole is named ‘the great cavern of the Nun’, the well spring from which creation and new life
offering at the rites of the Divine Reentrance North wall
Soped = Asia
a Hymn to Amen & Morning song / b Bal of Amen 1 5 / c Bal of Amen 6 10
ROOM F
A The Rites of the Mound of Djeme West wall
The four gods represent the four / Geographic forms of Amen. / Elevated by the God’s wife of Amen and a male official.
C The rites of protection at the cenotaph of Kom Djeme East wall Taharqo throws the four balls and the God’s wife shooting four arrows to the four cardinal points. They serve to protect the shrine on alle sides from any chaos so that the divine birth takes place.
See: Opet Temple / North crypt / 10 ba's fresco on south wall
BappearsTaharka
Taharqa Temple 10 Sacred Lake89
Dedun = Nubia
ROOM E
Horus = Upper and lower Egypt
Plafond intact
Specialists . In addition to these classes of priests, there were also priestly specialists. The hery heb (he who carries the festival roll) was responsible for reading the hymns and spells that accompanied many of the rituals in the temple. The “scribe of the house of life” was responsible for copying the papyri used in temple and funerary ritual. Women also played a role in the temple priesthood. During the Old Kingdom (circa 2675 2130 b.c.e.) women of high social station could hold the office of priestess (hemet netjer) of Hathor, or of Neith. Women only rarely served as priestesses in the cult of a god. Prior to the New Kingdom (circa 1539 1075 b.c.e.) the priesthood was not viewed as a fulltime occupation, but with the introduction of a professional class of priests, women no longer were able to hold priestly titles. They then served mainly as musicians, singers, and dancers in the temple.
Housing of the priests 10 Sacred Lake91
Purity . Inherent in one of the Egyptian words for “priest” is the concept of purity. Priests were required to maintain a status of ritual purity while serving in their office. Such purity was attained and maintained through several means. During the Ramesside period, priests had to bathe in the sacred lake of a temple three times a day; Herodotus says that in his day priests bathed twice a day and twice during the night. Priests had to cleanse their mouths with natron dissolved in water, remove all hair from their bodies (Herodotus says they shaved their whole bodies every third day), and be circumcised. Before entering their service as priests, they had to abstain from sexual activity for several days and during the period of their service. While serving in the temple, they were not allowed to wear wool, and were required to wear white sandals. Priests had to observe certain food taboos, which differed from nome to nome. For example, in the Third Upper Egyptian nome, eating fish was forbidden, and in the Sixth Upper Egyptian nome, honey could not be eaten.
Gangs of the Service . Priests were divided into four groups, called “gangs of the service,” to which the Greeks gave the name phyles. Each phyle served one lunar month in rotation, so that during the year each gang served for a total of three months, with three months off between each month of service. This free time allowed individuals to hold priesthoods in several temples. The chief priests of a temple were designated by ordinal numbers, and the high priest of the temple was called the first prophet, the next most senior priest was the second prophet, followed by third and fourth prophets. The high priests of some gods bore special titles. The high priest of Ptah was called “he who is great at directing the crafts,” the high priest of Re was “he who is great at seeing,” the high priest of Thoth was called “the arbitrator between the two,” and the high priest of Khnum was called the “modeler of limbs.” These titles derive from the various spheres of influence or mythological roles these gods played.
Construction materials: stone
Ptolemy III erected a huge stone gateway between the planned pylon towers. The gate was inscribed with texts and relief scenes mentioning the king. / Construction materials: stone / Measurements: The gate measures 21m high. The opening is 14.0 14.4m high and 5.6m Inside,wide.thepharaoh in the images facing inwards / Frisian at the top: / Right above the sunshine with wings in blue and yellow / In the middle a low register with the moon of Chonsu in the middle with small figures on either side / At the bottom four tableaus, outer in 'loop'
Outside, the King in the images facing outwards Architrave at the top: At the very top of the solar disk with wings in blue and yellow In the middle a low register with the moon of Chonsu in the middle with small figures on either side At the bottom four tableaus
11 Chonsu & Opet Temples
NectaneboPropyloon
Bab el Amara Gate 11 Chonsu & Opet Temples92
Unlike the Ipet Soet, this Temple is oriented to the south, royal 'line' Before Nectanebo placed the outer ring wall, the Chonsu Temple had its own wall. Blocks found from 18th Dynasty / Built by Ramses III (Harris Papyrus) + cartouches RIV, XI en XII, Herihor, Pinedjem (1e hof en pyloon) 73,15 / 29,26 mtr Found Bentre stéle in the ruins inside
–
I The gate is situated within the enclosure wall of Nectanebo I, south of the Chonsu Temple. to the south of the gate stood a sphinx lined alleyway. The ceiling was decorated with a motif of flying vultures. The interior walls were covered with the hieroglyphic symbols for "all life, prosperity, and health," a common wish for the pharaoh. A winged sun disk adorned the center of the gate's lintel. The north face of the gate is covered with relief scenes of the king interacting with divinities.
Nectanebo I Nectanebo I or his successor Teos planned to front the Chonsu Temple with a new gate and pylon. The king began construction on the flanking pylon towers, 28.2m long each. The project was never finished and the foundations of these towers were left incomplete.
(4) and on the West Wall of the Passage with images similar to those of the East Wal!. Khonsu's omnipotence and thus prevent chaotic farces of the primeval waters underneath the gate from rising. The Nile/field processions on the East5 and West walls of the passage deal with the positive force of the creation of the primeval water, invoking the Nile to rise at the right moment. The representation of the marshlands on the North Face is a metaphor for the primeval waters; and the hymns on the South Face8 and in the passage all refer to Thebes as the primeval mound that first arose from chaos. The building inscriptions on the North Face10 are a metaphor for the creation of the world. These inscriptions also mention t he name and one of the primary functions of the Pro pylon of Khonsu: "The Gate Where justice is Meted Out."
RITUAL SCENES: Above left, Scene SWl, with the king wearing the Red Crown & presenting the fields of Lower Egypt to Amen Re & Mut. Above right, Scene SEl opposite SWl, with the king wearing the White Crown & presenting a field symbolic of the rich lands of Upper Egypt. Together, in these two scenes the king gives all of the fields of Egypt to the Theban Triad.
Ptolemy III
Bab el Amara Gate
The Propylon of Khonsu at Karnak' is located in the south west corner of the mud brick temenos wall surrounding the domain of Amen. It is an entrance to the Amen complex and specifically the gateway to the Temple of Khonsu.' As part of the enclosing wall, it is likely to have been constructed during the Thirtieth Dynasty (380 343 BC), and then finally was decorated during the reign of Ptolemy III Euergetes I (246 222 BC).
The decoration of the gateway was organized in the following way, from bottom to top: (1) on the South Face (outside the temple domain), on both sides of the passage, with the socalled senedj formulae,' expressing reasons to fear Khonsu; on each side of the passage, with a hymn written on two horizontal lines, praising Thebes as the primeval mound of the god Amen; with five vertically arranged ritual scenes on either side of the passage; with four horizontally arranged ritual scenes on the lintel, with the two central ones of these situated directly above the passage; and with a lunar procession, the lunar symbol in the center of the lintel; (2) on the North Face (inside the temple domain), with a representation of the marshes, with the vulture goddess Nekhbet and Khonsu protecting the royal cartouche to the east of the passage, with the cobra goddess, Wadjet, and Khonsu doing the same to the west of the passage; with building inscriptions written on two horizontal lines on either side of the passage; with ritual scenes in exactly the same arrangement as on the South Face; and with a lunar procession, similar to the one depicted on the South Face; (3) on the East Wall of the Passage, with a procession of Nile gods and field goddesses, headed by Ptolemy III and bringing the rich produce generated by the river into the temple; with two hymns to Thebes, one on the south and one on the north side, both written in two horizontal lines; with five ritual scenes on the south side and five on the north; in the middle, with a receding panel headed by cartouches of the king and then with alternating rows of life/authority glyphs and a representation of the god Heh protecting the king's names, each row being headed by a single line of text praising Ptolemy and relating him to one of the gods to whom an offering is made in the ritual scenes; plus with a hymn to Khonsu written in two vertical columns in the recessed par t;
H.1
The procession to the west of the moon symbol includes three souls who welcome the sun when it sets and three souls of the new moon, who worship the moon's birth. This procession concludes with Ptolemy Ill's parents.
Whereas the inscriptions at the bottom refer to the primeval waters, the inscriptions at the top of the lintel refer to the heavens, to the lunar cycle. The lunar procession on the South Face is particularly interesting. To the east of the symbol of the moon, a row of fifteen deities is said to be entering the lunar eye during the first fifteen days of the month. To the west the same gods are said to be coming forth from the lunar eye during the following fifteen days.This procession thus represents the lunar cycle, which is explained by the entering into (waxing) or the coming forth from (waning) the moon by the fifteen deities. The moon is only full again when, on the fifteenth day, all the gods have entered it.
The processions on the North Face tintel consist of eight groups of three genii on either side of the moon symbol. The only d ays mentioned on this face are the first day after the new moon and the day of the full moon. The genii of the western pro-cession are all related to the navigation of the lunar barque and the movements of the moon. Their eastern counterparts are related to the concepts of justice.
The waxing procession is followed to the east by three "souls" and three genii called Khestetiu, who celebrate the rising and shining of the moon. The procession is concluded by the liv-ing royal couple.
It is impossible to go into all of the many complex details of the decoration of the Propylon of Khonsu at Karnak, but what has been attempted here is to demonstrate that this decoration was a well considered and carefully weighed expression of the lunar theology at Thebes in the time of the third Ptolemy. It has been shown tha t the texts and ritual scenes were all regarded as parts of the whole: each scene has its own story to tel1, but even so these need to be regarded within the larger context of the entire decoration of the propylon.
With Khonsu as "the one who drives away darkness" and the god who performs an act of Maat when taking Amen Re's place, the concepts of Maat and cosmic order or more precise-ly justice are strongly stressed. This is particularly true on the North Face of the gateway, the same place where the name and one of the functions of this monument are mentioned: "gate where jus-tice is meted out." The justice at the gate is a well known aspect of some Egyptian temple gateways and is not unique to the propy-lon of the Temple of Khonsu at Karnak. In the shadow of such gates, people would plead, suspects would be heard, judges would listen and justice would be "meted out." That the aspect of Maat is more present on the North Face of the Propylon of Khonsu may suggest that, in this instance, judges would hold court to the north of the gateway.
Two exceptions, where a ritual is performed for all the gods present, are PWN2/PEN2; in the western scene Khonsu be-stows life and a long reign to Ptolemy lil and his wife; in the eastern scene that king burns some incense for his deceased parents.
Bab el Amara Gate 11 Chonsu & Opet Temples93
The transition from one generation to the next (from Ptolemy II to Ptolemy lil), together with the divine nature of the kingship, appears to be one of the central themes of the propylon. In the ritual scenes, the role of the king is always present. On the South Face his authority over the world is established. On the southern half of the Passage, he is shown providing offerings to the gods and destroying their enemies, thus fulfilling one of his religious du ties. On the northern half of the Passage, the transition of power from Osiris to Horus from the deceased Ptolemy II to the living Ptolemy III is portrayed. And on the North Face, the latter king is shown firmly on his throne, appeasing the gods and fulfilling his many religious and civil duties. Since the propylon served as the entrance to the temple of the lunar deity Khonsu, the royal theme is closely related to the lunar theology. This is apparent from the lunar procession on the South Lintel, which shows the living royal couple on the waxing (east) side of the lunar symbol and the deceased Ptolemy II and his queen on the waning (west) side. In other words, the passing from one generation to another is symbolized by the cycles of the moon. As the lunar god "becomes young after having been old" which is symbolized by depicting Khonsu as a mummy with a loek of youth so, too, the kingship is renewed when it passes from the de-ceased king to his successor. This also explains the lunar symbol-ism noted in PESl/PWSl.
The inscriptions above each procession are hymns to Khonsu, invoking him to shine when the sun has set, to replace it at night and to repel darkness.
In each scene there is a "formula" or description of the ritual being performed, usually as a recitation by the actor. In SW2 the king, raising a plate of food to Khonsu says: "Take unto you the offerings that I raise for your Ka, sa that Your Majesty may do things with them. I render your temple festive with every good product, sa that you may direct the food to Kematef, so that you may divide the cakes among the primeval ones of the beginning, and sa that you may nourish the Ennead that is in your follow ing."
Each of the ritual scenes contain the same elements. There is in each instance someone performing the ritual (the actor). This is usually Ptolemy lll, but in scenes SELl/ SWLl and NEL2/NWL2, he is accompanied by his queen; in PWN2, Khonsu himself is the actor. In all cases the actor is posi-tioned as if he were entering the Temple of Khonsu. The identification of the actor often relates him to the ritual he is performing. In SWS, for instance, he is represented killing a serpent and is identified as "Horus with the strong arm, who avenges his father by reducing his enemies to the state of non-existence."
Khonsu is also referred to as Horus, thus as the rightful heir and successor of his deceased father. The deceased Amen Re having become Osiris, Khonsu takes his father's place. This is sym-bolized by the daily setting of the sun (Amen Re) and the moon either rising or already present. Thus Khonsu is aften described as "the light during the night," "the one who rises at Bakhet when the sun sets at Ankhet, "the replacement of the sun." The succession of the sun by the moon is, again, seen as symbolic for the succes-sion of earthly kings.
Having shown that the "decoration" of the Propylon of Khonsu was not the result of a random or whimsical choice by its designer(s), the next step is to try to under-stand the meaning of this decoration, to try to understand the complex theology of the monument.
Opposite the actor in each scene is the god who benefits from the ritual being performed. In most cases the ritual is per-formed for the first god in the row when two or three deities are represented. In the formula the actor usually uses the singular pro-noun "you," which is in the feminine form when the first of mul-tiple deities is a goddess, as in NE3 (Rat Tawi) and NW3 (Mut).
Chonsu Temple
H.2 Started by Amenhotep III (?) / Taharqo added a porch of four rows of five papyrus shaped columns in front of the temple's pylon. This porch was very similar to one the king placed in front of the temple of Ramesses II on the Amun precinct's east side. Ea ch row of columns may have originally been joined along the temple’s axis by stone architraves. These could have supported a timber roof, as a stone roof would have been too heavy to span the 7.2m to 8.2m space between each column. Red granite blocks were used to pave the space between the columns. / Construction materials: sandstone, red granite paving / 20 (4 x 5), columnade from Taharka, only basements rest In several places on the base plates contours of feet are depicted by pilgrims A, B two baboons at the entrance of the Pylon (Gods who bring out the book of life and the book of death) (a destroyed) baboon on the spot ?, other M. Cairo? No certainty as to whether they come from Chonsoe Temple
e Depiction of Herihor praising the barks of the Theban triad On the far right of the entrance to the outside an image of the 2nd pylon of Karnak
Chonsu Temple 11 Chonsu & Opet Temples94
Open Court
H.4 Peristyle court with a sloping elevation / Pinodjem / Herihor, / 28 button columns, 16 in the first section, 12 on a slight elevation, Reliefs on the columns depict Herihor in both royal and priestly guise, with in his cartouches his King name and his birth name The columns may have come from the dead Temple of Amenhotep III on the other bank of the Nile. Door of Ptolomeus Philopatos with royal titleature: Horus name, the 2 goddesses, Horus of Gold, 1st High Priest of Herihor (in cartouches and with hairstyle and royal attributes, while RXI was in office) (without) shaven head and the robe of the high priest
H
Backside Pylon
Construction materials: stone
3/4. Two Nile Gods Bringing Gifts / 5. King Herihor Elevating A Food Offering to Shu / 6. King Herihor Offering Ointment to Re Harakhti In The Presence Of Hathor 7. King Herihor Presenting Food Offerings to Khonsu / 8. King Herihor Offering Bouquets to Khonsu Re In The Presence Of Macat /. King Herihor Playing The Sistra Before Mut / 10. King Herihor Bringing Flasks Of Cool Water to Amon Re Kamutef In The Presence Of Isis / 11. Onuris Shu Mehyet Standing On Either Side Of Offerings / 12. King Herihor(?) Officiating Before Khonsu / 13. King Herihor Offering Hei Symbol to Ptah Of Thebes / 14. King Herihor Offering Wine to Horus Of "The Camp" In The Presence Of "Mistress Of Child Bearing" / 15. King Herihor Offering Maat to Khonsu / 16. King Herihor Performing A "Royal Offering" Ceremony Before Re Harakhti Atum In The Presence Of Iuscaas / 17. King Herihor Elevating Food Offerings to Mut Weret Iekau Edjo
Pylon
The Chonsu Temple is located in the southwest corner of the temple precinct, facing south. The Bab el Amara gate gave direct access to the temple. A porch of open papyrus columns stood before the temple's main pylon. This led to an unroofed court enclosed by a double peristyle of closed bud papyrus columns. A small ramp led from the court into the central part of the temple. The temple contained not only a suite of rooms for the housing of the statue of the god, but also a separate bark chamber. While the existing Chonsu temple dated to Ramesses III, scholars believe that an earlier version of the temple may have existed in the 18th Dynasty. Reused blocks found in the bark sanctuary of the Ramesside temple dated to the reign of Amenhotep III. However, these blocks may have originated not at Karnak, but from the west bank mortuary temple of that king. Measurements: The pylon was 34.5m long, 7m wide, and 18m high; the columns in the hypostyle hall measured 7m (the four central columns in the nave) and 5.5m (the two rows of outer columns); the overall temple stretches about 70m long 27m wide. Sphinxenallee, probably of Amenhotep III, 18D, continued to a jetty, later interrupted by gate H.1 to the east of this, remains of foundations have been found, possibly a bar chapel Ramesses III began construction of a new temple to the child god Chonsu (son of the god Amun Ra and the goddess Mut in the Egyptian pantheon) at Karnak. Decoration inscribed for Ramesses III, Ramesses IV, Ramesses XI, Ramesses XII, Herihor and Pinedjem adorned the temple and pylon. Some scholars believe Ramesses III or IV completed the construction of the temple, while the following kings and high priests of Amun took advantage of the large blank spaces to apply their names and images to the temple of the god. Other scholars have argued that each inscribed area was built by the respective ruler.
b Depictions of the barges and their entourage across the river
Forecourt
In the wall two entrances to the outside, the left of which opens onto the back of the Most Holy of Opet Temple c On the right an entrance to the colonnade / d ?
a / f WALL
H.3 Herihor / Pinodjem 1 / Pinodjem A / 34,5 L 7D 18H / 4 flagpoles / Basreliefs, ritual scenes of the cult by Pinodjem and by Piankhi Exterior left pylon, Maat Ka Re, Godsgemalin, daughter of Psoussenes I / Exterior right pylon Maat Ka Re and Honttaoui (Moet taoui), darling of Hathor) Later reconstructions of decorations by Alex. Grote and Ptolomeus II / Door jamb interior restored above by Ptolomeus
18. King Herihor Offering Incense to Thoth In The Presence Of Macat
BY THIRD PRINCE 'The King's Bodily Son, Overseer of... 8[of]g Amon Re, King of the Gods,..., rCom.panionh .. ., 9Panefer, 'o0justified.
PRINCE 'The King's Bodily Son,... ," Chief Steward of Amon, Prophet of Mut, . .. Prophet of Amon,' Overseer of Horses 4of the Lord of the Two Lands, and Leader Ankh[efenmut, justified].
BY SECOND PRINCE The King's Bodily Son, Third Prophet of A[mo]n, Prophet of Onuris, Prophet of Horus of Edfu,' Overseer of Cattle of 6Pre,f Ankhefenamon, justified.
30. Herihor, Attended by Isis, Receiving The Menat Necklace From Hathor Of The Southern Sycomore
Chonsu Temple 11 Chonsu & Opet Temples95
Surrounding South Door Of West Wall Of Court 25. Decoration Surrounding North Door Of West Wall Of Court 26. Procession Of The Family Of King Herihor
West wall
BY QUEEN 'The Hereditary Princess,a Great of Favors, Mistress of the Two Lands, Possessor of Charm, Sweet of Love, Principal of the harem of Amon Re, 2King of the Gods, Great King's Wife, beloved of him, Nuteme, BYjustified.FIRST
115. Double Scene (A, B): Ptolemy Ii Offering Macat to Khonsu In The Presence Of Hathor 116. (A) Ptolemy Ii, Accompanied by Arsinoe Ii, Taking The Oar Before Khonsu 117. Pinodjem I (A) (Figure Now Lost) Before Khonsu and (B) With Offerings, Behind Dedicatory Inscription 118. (A) Painutem I Bringing Flowers to Khonsu Re and (B) Painutem I (Figure Now Lost) Behind Dedicatory Inscription 119. Pinodjem I (A) Thurifying Before Khonsu and (B) Kneeling With An Offering Of Ointment, Behind Dedicatory Inscription 120. Pinodjem I (A) Presenting The Temple to Khonsu Re and (B) Kneeling 116 120. Long Vertical Inscription 121. Pinodjem I (A) Asperging In The Presence Of Khonsu and Racyet 122. Pinodjem I (A) Presenting Ointment to Khonsu and (B) Kneeling, Offering Macat, Behind Dedicatory Inscription 123. Pinodjem I (A) Bringing Flowers to Khonsu Thoth and (B) Kneeling, Lifting Up Offerings, Behind Dedicatory Inscription 124. Pinodjem I (A) Thurifying Before Khonsu Re and (B) Kneeling With An Offering Of Ointment, Behind Dedicatory Inscription 125. Pinodjem I (A) Presenting The Temple to Khonsu Re and (B) Kneeling In Greeting, Behind Dedicatory Inscription 121 125. Long Vertical Inscription
20. Boats towing The Royal Galley On The Nile During The Feast Of Opet 21. The Ceremonial Barge Of Amon Re On The Nile During The Feast Of Opet 22. Boats towing The Ceremonial Barge Of Mut On The Nile During The Feast Of 23.OpetBoats towing The Ceremonial Barge Of Khonsu On The Nile During The Feast Of 24.OpetDecoration
DOOR
BY FOURTH PRINCE "The King's Bodily Son, beloved of him, lotiamon, justified.
5 t/m 19 "The King's Bodily Son, Three princess "The King's Bodily Daughter"
27. Herihor (A) Offering Ointment to Amon Re Of Medinet Habu In The Presence Of The Personified Settlement In Thebes and (B) Thurifying Sebek Of Sumenu In The Presence Of Sebek Of Iemiotru and Hathor Of Gebelein
28. A. Herihor Elevating A Food Offering to Khonsu B. Queen Nuteme, Attended The Princes Shesebeke, Carrying An Infant Before The Shrine Of Mut 29. Herihor Thurifying and Pouring A Libation Before The Deities Of The Eastern Temple At Karnak
31. Herihor, Attended by Two Nile Gods, Sailing Through A Papyrus Thicket In The Presence Of Amon Re Kamutef 32. Herihor Offering Bouquets to Montu Of Hermonthis In The Presence Of Tjenenet Of Hermonthis 33. Herihor Purified by Horus and Thoth 34. Herihor Offering A Hecatomb Before The Theban Triad and Hathor Of The Temple Of Khonsu 35. Herihor Bringing Ship's Gear to The Ithyphallic Amon Re In The Presence Of Amonet 36. Herihor Kneeling and Offering Macat to Amon Re In The Presence Of Mut and Khonsu 37. Herihor Elevating A Food Offering to Montu In The Presence Of Racyet Tawy 38. Herihor Thurifying Amon Re Of Luxor In The Presence Of Opet 39. Herihor Offering Bouquets to Amonet 40. Herihor Attended by Hathor, Kneeling and Offering Macat to Amon Re 41. Herihor Kneeling and Elevating A Food Offering to Mut 42. Herihor Presenting Four Cups to Khonsu In The Presence Of Macat 43. Herihor Conducted by Mut, Playing The Sistrum, to The Shrine Of Amon Re While Khonsu Inscribes Jubilees
b
BEFORE PRIEST AT SIDE OF BARK OF KHONSU 'The Prophet of Khonsu Pashedkhons, justified.'
BY BARK OF MUT Mut the Great, Lady of Isheru. BY PRIEST AT SIDE OF BARK OF MUT The King's Bodily Son, Chief Steward of Amon and "Prophet of Mut, l2Ankhefenmut, justified.' BY BARK OF AMONET "Amon[et, resi]ding in "4Karnak, "as she gives all life, stability, and dominion, "and all health. BY ITHYPHALLIC GOD .. , "the Great God, Lord of Heaven and Earth.
44. Procession Of The Barks Of The Theban Triad
47. Herihor Conducted by Montu Re and Atum Into The Presence Of Amon Re 48. Herihor Offering Bouquets to The Ithyphallic Amon Re In The Presence Of Amonet
45. Herihor Kneeling and Offering Macat to Ptah In The Presence Of Sekhmet 46. Herihor Performing Ritual Dance With Staves and Bird Before Re Harakhti
69. Herihor (A) Receiving The Jubilee From Khonsu and (B) Thurifying The Bark Of Khonsu Carried In Procession
49
BEFORE BARK OF AMoN RE Procession" of the Majesty of this august god, Amon Lands], Preeminent in Karnak, to come to rest in [the house of]b Khonsu possession of [th]is beautiful, holy, permanent, and excellent monumente he might [en]dow [hi]m d with all life, stability, BEHIND BARK OF AMON RE Carrying the beauty of Amon Great Ennead [which is in] Karnak, ... "Khonsu
BEFORE 'Take the jubilee of your [fath]er Re.a
. Herihor Kneeling and Offering Macat to Khonsu In The Presence Of Macat 50. Herihor, Attended by Amonet Who Holds His Titulary, Receiving Jubilees From Amon Re In The Presence Of Mut and Khonsu
BY KHONSU 'Words spoken by Khonsu, Lord of Thebes: "[O my son, Lord] of the Two Lands, Siamon Herihor, my heart 'is glad through love of you, and [I] am joyful '[at seeing] your [mon]uments.' [I have] given [you] all [va]lor and ABOVEvictory."Live the Perfect God, who has accomplished benefactions for his father Khonsu, (etc.). 70. Herihor Offering A Hecatomb Before The Theban Triad
Portico c/d
BY BARK OF KHONSU Khonsu in Thebes Neferhotep, the [Great] God, residing in 7Karnak.
3 Complete libation 8601
Portique
South: Complete the ointment medjet offering 8598
6 Complete libation and incense 8604
East e
61. Herihor Presenting A Floral Collar to Min Of Coptos In The Presence Of Horus and Isis 62. Herihor Offering Macat to Montu
66. Herihor Thurifying and Pouring A Libation For Re Harakhti In the Presence Of Iuscaas and Nebet I.Etepet 67. Herihor Offering Bouquets to the Ithyphallic Amon Re In the Presence Of Amonet 68. Herihor Offering A Hecatomb to A God
ABOVE KING FOLLOWING PROCESSION (Herihor's names), "the image of Re before the Two Lands, whom Atum has chosen.
Being Crowned by Seth and Harsiese
5 Give ointment medjet 8412 Oracle Column of Menkheperre 3407 / 6 Complete libation 8413
7 Gift of khépech 8422 / 8 Flower offering (bouquet) 8423
South face, 3.e: Offer the maât 8537
4 Offering of vases 8602
5 Give the fleurs renepet 8603
63. Herihor Pouring A Libation For Amon Re In The Presence Of Amonet 64. Herihor Offering Bouquets to Ptah In The Presence Of Sekhmet
East d
65. Herihor Kneeling and Receiving Jubilees and the Scimitar From Amon Re In the Presence Of Mut and Sefkhet Cabwy, Who Inscribes the Royal Titulary
KING Giving flowers... [to] his father Amon Re, Preeminent in his Private Apartment, that he [may make] "given life."
56. Herihor (A) Offering Bouquets to Horus Of Edfu In The Pres "Great Of Dignity"
7 Flower offering 8414 / 8 Food offering 8415
Columns
2 East 8600
57
1 Complete the offering of ointment medjet 8532 / 2 Give the fleurs renepet 8533 / 3 Offer the maât 8534 South face, 1.e: Complete libation 8535 South face, 2.e: Offering of the ousekh necklace 8536
BY THE ITHYPHALLIC AMON RE Words spoken b[y Amon Re], Preeminent in 9his Private Apartment, ..., the Great God, [Lord of Heaven] and "Earth. '[Words spoken: "I have given you] all plains and all hill countries under your sandals." 'Words spoken: "[I have] given you very many jubilee(s)." Words spoken: "[I have granted you] to achieve millions of years."
1 Complete the libation of wine 8409 / 3 Flower offering (bouquet) 8410 / 4 Carry the offerings 8411
BEFORE THE ITHYPHALLIC AMON RE 'Procession of [the majes]ty of this BEFOREgod."
. Herihor (A) Receiving The Jubilee From Amon
BEFORE PRIEST CENSING 'Thu[rify]ing before this [august] god.
BEFORE PRIESTS CARRYING STANDARDS The standards that precede this august god.
West b
East: Complete libation and incense 8597
South: Give the bouquets 8595
ABOVE OFFICIATING KING "Live the Perfect God, [Amon's Son Champion of the Lords of Thebes; the King of Upper and Lower Egypt, High Priest of Amon; the Son of Re, Siamon Herihor, "[the image of Re] before the Two Lands, "5[whom] Amon [has chosen].
1 Offer the maât 8416 / 2 Flower offering (bouquet) 8417 / 3 Give the temple to his Master 8418
Chonsu Temple 11 Chonsu & Opet Temples97
4 Flower offering (bouquet) 8419 / 5 Flower offering (bouquet) 8420 / 6 Perform libation and incense 8421
West C Column 1.e
West: Complete libation 8596
58. Herihor Receiving Jubilees From Amon
55. Herihor Participating In The Ceremonies Of The Feast Of Min
59. Herihor (A), Attended by Isis, Receiving The Royal Uraei and Cartouches From Hathor Of Denderah and (B) Pouring A Libation For Mut 60. Herihor Kneeling and Supporting A Table Of Offerings On His Head Before Amon Re In The Presence Of Khonsu
West: Complete the royal offering 8599
BY BARK OF MUT Mut], Lady of Heaven.
191. Titulary Of Cleopatra Iii and Ptolemy Ix Soter Ii Above Scenes Of King Herihor Before Khonsu (A, B) 192. King Herihor (A, B) Presenting Lettuce to Ithyphallic Amon 193. Renewal Inscriptions Of Nectanebo Ii (A, B)
BY BARK OF KHONSU Khonsu in Thebes] Neferhotep.
1 Montu .... 2 Atum .... 3 Shu .... 4 Tefnut5.... 5 Geb. . . 6 Nut, entering the left eye on the Sixth Lunar Day.a 7Thoth, entering the left eye on the Seventh Lunar Day. 8 Nephthys, entering the left eye on the Eighth Lunar Day." 9Osiris. .. 10 Isis ....11 Horus.. .. 12 Hathor, entering .... 13 Sebek, entering the left eye on the Thirteenth Lunar Day. 14 Tjenenet, entering the left eye on the Fourteenth Lunar Day. 15 lunyt, entering the left eye on the Fifteenth Lunar Day. 16 The King of Upper and Lower Egypt, Khonsu in Thebes. 17The Moon, pillar of Heaven. 18The Queen, the Lady of the Two Lands, Cleopatra III: "May your kindly face be gracious to me and to my beloved son." 19 The King of Upper and Lower Egypt, the Heir of the Gods Euergetai, the Champion of the Goddess Philometor, whom Ptah has ch the order of Re, Powerful in the Life of Among; the Son of Re, Ptolemy, Living Forever, Beloved of Ptahd moon,! so that the left eye can make illumination for everybody." 20 The King of Upper and Lower Egypt: Praenomen; the Son of when the Sound Eye, born of Nut, is elevated."
Chonsu Temple 11 Chonsu & Opet Temples98
167. RXI(A) Thurifying and Libating Before Amon 168. RXI Presenting Ointment to the Ithyphallic Amon In 169. RXI Receiving the Scimitar From Amon Re In the Presence Of Mut, Khonsu, and Montu 170. RXI (A) Before Re Harakhti and (B) Being Crowned by the Theban Triad 184. Doorway Inscriptions Of RXI 185. High Priest Herihor Thurifying and Libating Before the Barks Of the Theban Triad 186. RXI Giving Flowers to Amon Re In the Presence Of Khonsu 187. RXI Elevating Offerings to Ptah In the Presence Of Macat and Sekhmet 188. (A) High Priest Herihor Giving A Broad Collar to 189. RXI Offering Macat to Amon In the Presence Of Mut, Khonsu,
190. Double Ennead, Including Cleopatra Iii and Ptolemy Ix Soter Ii, Worshipping the Lunar Disk (A), With Decoration Above the Cornice, West (B) and East (C)
Words spoken by Amon Re, Lord of the Thrones of the Two Lands, [Preemi]nent [in Karn]ak: "My son, Lord of the Two Lands, Menmacatre have made for me. "The reward thereof is all life, stability, and dominion, and all "health like Re forever."
Right with passage to stairs
Images mainly Ramses IV b Wall b without reliefs (?) At the far left of the wall there is a hole at the bottom above it a frieze Ramses IV, lover of Chonsoe Neferhotep, surmounted by a Coptic cross c / d Doorposts in the entrance to the inside of Ptolemy, Image on the 'lintel' Upper register; winged scarab with cartouches Middle register; sun and moon disk (Chonsoe) The coming and going of sixteen gods representing the phases of the moon
STELE Amenhotep II built into the wall (three times ankh?) King with incense in left hand, with offering table to theban triad, Amon / Moet / Chonsoe superpose; old, King above the sacrificial table. new three seated deities standing above the tebanian triad
Childhood name of Ramses IV Ra Mes s Amon, where knife has been replaced by King with braid
Bark Shrine
H.7.D Chapel with 2 columns? decorations Ramses IV H.7.E Room with a staircase leading to the roof
Built by Ramses III, Partially renewed by Augustus Rom. Reliefs also from Ramesses IV Reused in later times as a Christian church, crosses on the wall Four columns 16 sides, originally intended as an in between hall 4 times around the royal legend quartzite plinth for the holy barque Ramses III, possibly moved during Rom. Texts about the origins of Chonsu and cosmologies Ramesses IV offers flowers to Chonsu with a staff, in his chapel Waking up from Osiris and meeting with Isis East wall 1st REG Scene: Give the maat 4878
H.7.B Chapel with 1 column? decorations Ramses IV H.7.C Secondary room with access to the colonnaded hall
West wall 1st REG Scene: Maat Offering 4877
Base of the barque altar 128 East wall 1st register: Give the maât 4878 West wall 1st register: Offering of the maat 4877
Right; King is purified by Thot and Horus. Middle; King by Ankh, sacrificed by Thoum and Menthou. Frisian; anaglyphe of royal name Ramesses IV (Fence Maat setep n Amon)
Lower register, King (Ramses IV) offers the 'first' vegetables to Chonsoe hieracocephale with sacrificial tableaus. King protected by vulture and a meal
H.6
4 pillared room
H.8
H.7.A Secondary room
H.7
Déambulatoir
Bark sanctuary, practically completely gone a Ramesses IV sacrifices (a little king) to Chonsoe hieracocephale, / The statue is kneeling, in posture of 'the silver statue'. / (King sacrifices himself in Maat form with Hek and Disque / Lower block reused or vice versa b Chonsoe, with braid / hose / beard, with neck support and collar, with 3 bars, with hood, with disque and crescent. Main door; External uprights 1st register, East: Complete the royal offering 9148 / 1st register, west: Complete the royal offering 9147 / 2nd register, East: Offering of lettuce 9150 / 2nd register, west: Offering of lettuce 9149 / 3rd register, East: Offering of vases 9152 / 3rd register, west: Offering of vases
Lower register; 4 sacrifice scenes: 1 Right; King presents 2 vases of wine to Chonsoe hieracocephale with moon disc / 2 Middle right; King sacrifices Maat to Amun, followed by Chonsoe / 3 Middle left; King offers Maat to Amon followed by Moet / 4Left; King presents? to SidesHorus?of the door jambs; 2 times 3 sacrifice scenes: Above right, King with God's consort Right center Bottom right, King for Chonsu top left, King with god's consort Left center Bottom left side d Wall left side 2 registers; Bottom center, King with? sacrifices to Amon re / Bottom right; King with Moet (lion shaped) sacrifices vase (name of vase same as deity!) with falcon head / sun to Chonsoe with sun and snake / Above middle, Titleature: Heb Maat Ra Setep n Amon Ramses IV (deep grooves) / Above right, King protected by Isis offering anaglyphe to Chonsoe with feathers from Menthou e In this wall two passageways with 'lintel' above Cartouches on the side of the passage / Bottom relief; 2 times sacrifice scene, King with blue helmet offers his anaglyphe to Chonsoe. / top relief; Chonsoe gives to King palms of the years and Sed feast sign, while being fed by Isis. King young with white crown to the right of the left passage
Upper register; left Shu sitting with feather receives 2 vases from king. Below; left; King sacrifices his anaglyphe (Hek Maat Ra) to Amon Re and Moet.
Intermediate room / Pronaos
Chonsu Temple 11 Chonsu & Opet Temples100
WEST SIDE.
123) {124) Remains of two registers. I, Mosdy destroyed, II, six remaining scenes, I, King offering incense and libation to a god, 2, wine to Mut, J, lettuces to Amun, 4, offering to a god, s, offering sphinx ointment jar to Amun, 6, offering to a god. At base, text of Teos concerning embellishments to Temple. NORTH SIDE.
78
Chonsu Ramesses III, IV H.9. B Most Holy Re Ramesses III, IV H.9. C Most Holy Osiris (located in the east instead of W) Ramesses III, IV H.10
(117) Two scenes. x, King, preceded by Queen Nezemt with sistrum, before two gods, 2, King, rest destroyed. Name of Nezemt
VEILED
Socle du reposoir de barque Ramsès III
(121) (122) Two registers. I, n, Twelve scenes in each with liongargoyle between x and 2 and between 8 and 9· I, x, Ptolemy before Khons, :z, Ptolemy, with Mut, offering image of Macet to a god, 3, Ptolemy offering [?] to Khons, 4, offering sphinx ointment jar to small god in front of Mut( ?), s, victims to Amon, 6, collar(?) to ram headed god, 7, uzat to Amlin, 8, image ofMacet to Khons, 9, food to a god, 10, incense to Ptah. tatanen, n, offering to a god, 1:2, bread to [a god]. 11, x, Destroyed, 2, Ptolemy before Hathor, J, Ptolemy offering to Khons, 4, to Amiln, 5, to Amenopet, 6, to Khons, 7, four vases to Amun, 8, emblems to Osiris Onnophris and Isis, 9, wine to Amun, xo, offering to Ptal]., n, image of Macet to Amun, 12, to Khons. Below ll, J, Re Harakhti, Lord of Heliopolis, seated, and below 5, graffito, King before sphinx, and two hawk headed sphinxes. Frieze, renewal text of
(126) Two registers, three scenes in each, Nektanebos II before two divinities, and King before Khons seated and I:Iatl].or at left end. Base, cartouches of Nektanebos II.
(114) Two scenes. x, Pinezem kneeling offering two bouquets to Khons, 2, censing and libating to Theban Triad.
Datation: XXe dynastie / Ramsès III Matière : Quartzite Dimension(s) H : 1,21 m, L : 1,61 m, Pr : 1,35 m. Date de découverte : 1860. Le socle a été trouvé dans la salle hypostyle du temple de Khonsou en 1860. Il fut restauré et replacé dans la salle aux quatre colonnes par M. Hammad en 1954. Le socle, de forme trapézoïdale, possède un tore et une corniche. Les faces avant et arrière présentent une scène de sema taouy tandis que chaque face latérale présente une série de quatre pharaons, les bras levés, en signe de soutien. L’ensemble des représentations est inscrit aux noms de Ramses III.
Room / Chapel at the back of the Chonsoe Temple (for Oracle?)
The Most Holy
Outside
(120) Man before Khons, Amun, King before two gods, seated gods, &c., with graffito of priests Espashu tefnut ?. J;:t ~. Head of purifications of Khons, Pedeamon, &c., Late Period, at bottom. Frieze, renewal text of Pinezem.
(125) Remains of scenes, King before divinities, and King libating to Amun and Mut at right end. Base, text of Nektanebos I.
(113) Doorway of Pinezem, with block above it (built in upside down), man in chariot and man with sacks, <Amarna period.
(119) Small figure of Khons. For doorway north of last, see supra, p. 232.
H.8.A B C D Secondary roomS for the cult material https://www.digital epigraphy.com/3d model collection/khonsu temple sketchfab models of two of the temples chapels
On west Exterior wall of the temple. Four drille holes indicate that it was once veiled
H.9.
Figure 5.30. Bas Relief Graffito of Khonsu. On West Exterior Wall of Khonsu Temple, Karnak. Indicate that It Was Once Veiled
(116) Man kneeling, and King in destroyed scene.
(118) God and goddess.
(EASTPinezem.SIDE
(115) Two scenes. x, King kneeling before Am tin and M ut(?). 2, M ut, with Osiris, Isis, Nephthys, Hathor, goddess, and god, before a god.
Chonsu Temple 11 Chonsu & Opet Temples101
Roof
Opet Temple
Nectanebo I
The chronology of the Chonsu temple remains unclear. The temple's architecture is currently being studied by the CFEETK and their work may greatly clarify the phases of construction.
Ptolemy III must have made additions to the temple, as the crypt representing the "tomb of Osiris" is inscribed by that king. Construction materials: stone Ptolemy VIII
Although Ptolemy II and Ptolemy III both added their names to the temple's relief decoration, the Opet temple remained unfinished until the reign of Ptolemy VIII. Most of the building's interior decoration dates to this king, although the exterior decoration was accomplished under the later Roman emperor Augustus Caesar. The building's proximity and connection to the Chonsu temple suggests a cultic link between the two temples. In one Egyptian myth, the god Amun dies as Osiris, only to be reborn through the mother goddess Opet. In a close parallel, Chonsu, the child of Amun Ra, was seen as the newly reborn sun god.
The main temple building which is completely preserved and stands on a raised platform which perhaps represents the primeval mound. The temple has several crypts hidden within its walls as well as larger ones build beneath ground level which served as a "tomb" for Amon Osiris, a birth chamber and as repositories for the equipment used in the Festival of the Resurrection of the god.
The earliest part of the building seems to date to Taharqo, who added a porch of columns (not shown on the model) and possibly a small pylon. This construction implies an earlier temple to the goddess Opet stood in this location before the 25th Dynasty. Most scholars believe this temple to the goddess Opet existed in the mid 18th Dynasty. Nectanebo pierced his massive mud brick enclosure wall with a sandstone gate leading directly into the temple. He may have begun construction on the temple proper.
The Opet temple is located in the southwest of the Amun precinct, just west of the Chonsu temple. A gateway on the southwest side of the Nectanebo I temple enclosure wall gives direct access to the temple. A small pylon and columned porch (not shown on the model) front the temple on its west side. Within the court stands a columned kiosk (also not shown on the model). A ramp provides access into the temple (raised on a platform) from the court. The visitor first enters a small hypostyle hall with two Hathor headed columns. This hall leads to the main sanctuary, a square room with a niche for the divine statue. A number of crypts ran down from the temple into its platform, including a "tomb of Osiris" and a "birth chamber." On the temple's rear exterior (eastern) wall, a small shrine for the cult statue of Osiris could be accessed from outside. This shrine was located directly across from a door in the Chonsu Temple, suggesting a close link between the Measurements:temples.
Ptolemy III
I
Opet Temple 11 Chonsu & Opet Temples102
The building sat on a podium of 19.6m by 22.7m. The podium extended 1.9m high.
Temple of Opet under Ptolemy VIII. (a) Plan and section (after Arnold, D., Temples of the Last Pharaohs: 165) .
Anepigraphic acroterion altar 8855 / Statue of Sekhmet anepigraph 8856
External uprights, 3rd register north Offering of the pectoral oudjaou 4287 / south (23 Offering of the heh sign External4288uprights, 4th register north (24 Libation 4289 / south 4290
External uprights, 1st register north Offering of ânkh djed ouas 4283 / south (19) 4284
External uprights, base North plinth (17) 4282 / South plinth 5329
Internal uprights North: Hit the chosen pieces four times 2302 / South Hit the chosen pieces four times 2303 Ceiling blocks 2131
Gate Néctanebo
Interior paintings; NorthScene 1: Offering of the chébet 2292 / Scene 2: Dedicate the white bread 2293 / Scene 3: Offering of the fabric 2294 / Scene 4.o (8 low) 2295 / Scene 5: Give the flowers renepet 2296 South Scene 1: Performing the incense 2297 / Scene 2: Carrying the offerings 2298 / Scene 3: Give the flowers renepet 2299 / Scene 4: Offering the maât 2300 / Scene 5: Offer the wine 2301
I.2 Open Court with Kiosk / a Well / b stele
Outdoor paintings North: Offering the maât 2285 / North base, band (4) 2286 / South: Offering the maat 2287 Embrasure North scene 2291 / North base band (6 high) 2289 / north East rebate (6 right) 2290 / north Lock (6 left) 2288
I.1 Gate and Kiosk
External uprights, 2nd register north Offering of the plate of offerings 4285 / south Wine offering 4286
Opet Temple 11 Chonsu & Opet Temples103
Hypostyle
I.3 Porte
External uprights, 5th register north (26 Censing and libation 4291 / south (27 Censing and libation 4292
Exterior lintel 01.n (28 Royal race 4293 King Osiris seated Harsiésis Isis / 02.n (30 Offering of the maat 4295 / 03.n (31 Offering of the ma'at 4296 / 04.n (29 Assign fresh water and royal race 4294 King running Osiris Ipet ouret Nephtys
I.1a
Néctanebo Ier (KIU 2271) Only the lower courses of the door are preserved. They were cleared in 1948. Outside the enclosure, a ramp bordered by a low wall gives access to the gate. This had only one leaf. The remaining decoration only shows the lower register. The gate was built under Nectanebo I and then modified and completed under the reigns of Ptolemy Philadelphus and Ptolemy Evergetus I (A. Varille, op. Cit., P. 80).
External uprights: North scene : Home of the deities 2282 / South scene: Reception of the divinities 2283
WEST
North chapel
Dwelling of the User Menu
1st register: 5326 Performing incense and libation King Amon Osiris / 5325 Worshiping the god King Osiris Isis Horus 2nd register: 5368 Offer the ointment medjet and give the tissues EAST
1st register: 5320 / 5314 Myrrh offering 2nd register: 5313 Offer wine / 5311 Bring offerings King Geb seated Osiris seated Nout seated
1st register: 1996 Offering the onsheb / 1995 Making incense and the libation / 1994 Offering the maât 2nd register: 1997 Offering of the sistra SOUTH
EAST
High seat of the linked souls / a Block Amenhotep III
I.4
2nd register: 1966 Turn around four times (purification) / 1965 Offer the ointment medjet, the field and the papyri NORTH
Opet Temple 11 Chonsu & Opet Temples104
1st register: 2011 Offering the lotus soaked diaper and offering the milk 2nd register: 2013 Offer wine / 2014 Offer wine
1st register: 5410 Tie the headband King with deities
1st register: 1956 Offering of ânkh djed ouas
South chapel
1st register: 5411 Adoring the god four times Osiris Isis Nekhbet Hymn 2nd register: 5240 Offering incense / 4838 Offering maât NORTH
2nd register: 4837 Offering maat / 5253 Offering the amulet oudjaou King Amon Re seated Maat SOUTH
1st register: 2031 Carry the offerings / 2030 Accomplish the censing / 2035 Accolade 2nd register: 2034 Offering the tissues / 2033 Adoring the god / 2037 Scene Opet itself is sometimes called Touéris and the temple is not entirely dedicated to her, it is also the tomb of Osiris, god of death and rebirth We find in the temple the mechanism of reincarnation of Osiris, personified by Opet: Goddess of fertility and protection, she defends all this process of regeneration. In this temple, she is represented in the form of a female hippopotamus.
2036 Anthem
WEST
I.5
4th register: 1774 Goddesses of the months
2nd register: 1750 Present the mirror / 1753 Offering of heqa and nekhakha scepters
1st register: 1755 Adoration King Queen Osiris Ipet Ouret
SOUTH
5th register: 1775 Goddesses of the months
3rd register: 5911 Goddesses of the months / Goddesses of the months 1773
3rd register: 5679 / Offering of heh 5678 / King Amun Re Mout Horus
2nd register: 5902 Goddesses of the months / Goddesses of the months 1772
Central chapel
I.6
3rd register: 1754 Offering of the maat / 1758 Lunar procession
1st register: 5669 The hymn to Osiris
2nd register: 5677 Offering cloths / Offering wine 5675
EAST
1st register: 1776 Goddesses of the months / Goddesses of the months 1771
6th register: 1777 Adoration / 1778 Adoration
Opet Temple 11 Chonsu & Opet Temples105
7th register: 1779
NORTH
NORTH WALL
1813 / 1812Offer the amulet tit
South wall (above the door leading to the hypostyle hall) / bottom 5632 Offering wine
Sanctuary
(above the door leading to room; 4809 Offering fabrics / East wall (passage leading to the hypostyle hall) 1st register; 4807 Offering ânkh djed ouas / 2nd register; 4808 Carrying the offerings
1852 / 1853 Undetermined / 1868 Adoration
1st register: 1820 Offering the maât / 1885 Offering the onsheb 2nd register: 1888 Performing incense South: 1889 Offering of the Sistra 3rd register: 1891 Giving the flowers renepet / 1898 Giving the napkin impregnated with lotus / 1893 Offering the ointment medjet
1stSOUTHregister
Cloth room
1911NicheFaçade de la niche
1946 Scène nord Adorer le dieu quatre fois 1948 Scène Paroi est 1947 Scène sud Donner la chébet
3rdmenatregister: 1817 Present myrrh
EAST
1st register; 5721 Montée royale King Montu Re Atoum Osiris Isis 2nd register; 5722 Seize the fresh water
SOUTH WALL
EAST WALL
Opet Temple 11 Chonsu & Opet Temples106
NICHE Façade of the niche 1911/ 1946 Adoring the god four times 1948 / 1947Give the chebet
1st register; 4819 Offering of the pectoral oudjaou King Montou Rattaouy / 4812 Offer the south and the north King Osiris / 4810 Offering of the uncheb King Nout 2nd register; 4824 Offer ointment medjet / 4823 Offering the maât / 4820 Give the necklace beb King Ipet Ouret
1st register; 5687 Offer fabrics / 5688 Consecrate white bread / 5689 Offering of the scepters heqat and nekhakha / 5690 Offer the necklace ousekh 2nd register; 5691 / 5692 Give fresh water / 5693 Complete incense
I.8
1stNORTHregister
WEST WALL
Dwelling of the Golden One
1828 / 1834 Offer milk / 1842 Offer wine
2nd register: 1816 Offering of the mirror / 1814 Offering the necklace
I.7
1stWESTregister
Paroi nord 1er registre: Offrande des vases nou 1800 King Osiris Horus Nephtys / 2e registre (176) 1954
I,TwoTexts,register;Eightscenes,
1 6 destroyed, 7, Augustus libating to Amooemopet, 8, offering (ointment to a goddess].
Paroi sud 1er registre Bas 2010 / 2e registre 4259 Niche nord 1770 / ouest Haut 1749
I.12 North
I.10
II Ten scenes, I Augustus offering scimitar to Monthu, 2 four vases to Osiris Onnophris, 3, nemset vases to Amon, 4 sistra to Ament, 5, flowers to Geb, 6, standing befote Ositis Onnophris, 7, offering lettuces to Min Amun, 8, sistrum to Nut, 9, crown to Harpocrates, 10, MKSI to[Osiris and Isis],and line of text below. Base,two rows of processions with line of text above each, both headed by Augustus before Osiris, upper row, standing nome· divinities, lower row, kneeling PEHU, Field goddesses, and nome divinities.
Couloir Sud
Opet Temple 11 Chonsu & Opet Temples107
Paroi est 1er registre; nord 1945 / 2e registre nord (178, gauche) 1955 / sud (178, droite) 1993
Outside
Chapelle sous le sanctuaire
I.9
Paroi ouest 1er registre nord; 1782 / registre nord (174c) 1784
Encadrement de la niche milieu 1781
The base reliefs on the Opet facade are in the name of Augustus. Below, on each side of the doorway, is the king, wearing the red crown on the right and the white crown on the left. He is presenting an offering platter filled with vases and vegetables to Osiris. Behind him, Hapi (or a personification of the Nile), representing the Nile, wears on his head the symbolic flowers relative to his orientation consisting of reeds on the south and papyrus on the North. On the east end of this outer north wall, the nomes (provinces) of Upper Egypt a re carved on the two tiers of the pedestal, starting from the northeast corner.
Tableau nord (184 185, droite) 1783
I.13 South
Porte (183 184) 1748
Tableau sud (184 185, gauche) 4258
Left half, Osiris, Horus, Thoth, and (three divinities], with line of text below, right holf, remains of similar scene. Bases, two rows of processions with line of text above each, both headed by Augustus before Osiris, upper row, standing Nile god, kneeling Field goddess and offering brillgers, and staDdiog Nile goddeas, lower row, kneeling Nile gods and Field goddess, and Hathor standing
However, the most important and famous scene is no the north wall. It depicts "Osiris who is at the heart of Waset" in the guise of a young man, stretched out on a lion shaped bed. He is in the process of waking up, and Varille explains that: "The neter is beginning to move, bending the right arm and lifting the left foot, below the bed's lion tail, which is very long and curved in a peculiar fashion. The horizontal legend specifies that this concerns 'this day of the bull Neg, regenerated (wab) in the marsh, brought to life by Mut, the Osiris who is within the temple of the Great Opet, on the west side of the temple of Chonsuu....' This Osiris reborn is overshadowed, at the area of his thigh, by a composite bird that has the shape of the soul ba with the vulture body of Mut, the talons of the bird of the flood, and the bearded Amonian head with feathers. A counterweighted necklace goes around its neck. This flying creature is named 'Amon Re, sublime soul of Osiris, that perches on his cadaver in the dwelling of his delivery'. It should be noted that the bird is endowed with a phallus, which gives this soul the power to emit a seed. As for the prone Osiris, presented as the counterpart of the bird, it appears very much to be an abstract of Chonsuu who has been issued from the western darkness toward which the sanctuary of Opet opens, and who must be resuscitated in the east. The Ptolemaic temple of Opet therefore reveals, at the moment when Egypt is at its peak of initiation, the final phase of the generation of the Theban Chonsuu, the son of Amon in Mut, Ptah become the royal man, in complete equilibrium. The decoration of the temple of Opet sums up all the principles of the natural work, from the times of the primordial ones to royal Khonus.
I.11 East
b Horizontal registers with decorations including Nefer toum with lotus flower on the head, 2 feathers and menat
c vertical registers text
Upper REG north (Ptah 28 Hymn menou 3601
In its current state, the temple of Ptah covers a chronological period extending from the reign of Thutmose III (c. 1479 1425 BC) to that of Tiberius (14 37), between which are attested (construction and / or restoration phases Aÿ / Horemheb, Ramses III, Takélot II (XXIIth dynasty), Chabaka (XXVth dynasty), Ptolemy III Evergetus I, Ptolemy IV Philopator, Ptolemy VI Philometor, Ptolemy X Alexander I, Ptolemy XII Neos
Mud brick structures predating the edifice of Thutmose III have also been uncovered by various archaeological explorations under the temple. This monument was the subject of a major restoration campaign from 2009 to 2013.
2nd REG North scene (Ptah 33 Take the mirror 2486 / scene (Ptah 34 Entering the sistres 2487
External
1st REG scene 1 (north Campaign offering 2477 / 2 (south Campaign offering 2481
2nd REG South scene (Ptah 29) 3602
Temple dedicated to the Triad Ptah, Sechmet (wife of Ptah) and Nefertem (the beautiful Lotus), their Templesonof Ptah 'south of its wall in Thebes
4th REG scene 7 (north) 2480
1st REG North scene (Ptah 26 Take incense 3599 / South scene (Ptah 27) 3600
Gate 1 (A)
Temple Ptah 15
Several enclosures for the sanctuary itself have been brought to light by the archaeological work carried out on the site since 2009 with a contemporary enclosure of Thutmose III, one of Chabaka, probably linked to a building located south of the temple of Ptah itself and finally a Ptolemaic enclosure in the last state of use of the temple.
d Three scenes, 1st,? / 2nd, King with offering of liquids / 3rd, upper King for Amon Min.
3rd REG South scene (Ptah 30) 3603
1st REG North scene (Ptah 16 Giving the bread chenes 3589 / South Scene (Ptah 17) 3590
2nd REG scene 3 (north Tying the breastplate 2478 / scene 4 (south Take the great offering 2482
3rd REG scene 5 (north Offering of the pallet 2479 / scene (south) 2483
3rd REG North scene (Ptah 35 Complete libation 2488 / South scene (Ptah 36 Taking the Eye of Horus 2489
Dating: 18th Dynasty / Thutmosis III The decoration of this document has been the subject of a total or partial modification of Chabaka, Ptolemy Evergetus I, Ptolemy Philopator, Ptolemy Philometor, Ptolemy Alexander I, Ptolemy Neos Dionysus Material: Stoneware.
2nd REG North scene (Ptah 18 Take the plant ouadj 3591 / Scene (Ptah 19) 3592
1st REG North scene (Ptah 31 Adoration 2484 / South scene (Ptah 32 Bowing 2485
4th REG North scene (Ptah 37 Take the myrrh 2490
Outdoor
Lintel North scene (Ptah 8) 3580 / South scene (Ptah 9 Giving the maat 3581
Cartouches of Ptolomeus VI (VII, XI, XIII) on the inside and outside, In the passage of Ptolemy Xi and XIII a Three (?) registers, cartouches Ptolomeus VI, lower, King for Amon and Moet (?) / 2nd, King with (rope / hanger) for (falcon headed) and (hathor hairstyle) / 3rd, King for Ptah and (?) The underside is decorated with a border of lotus flowers
3rd REG North scene (Ptah 20 Take the fabric menekhet 3593 / Scene (Ptah 21) 3594
Temple Ptah 12 North Area108 12 – North Area
AccordingDionysus.tothefoundation stele erected by Thutmose III (CGC 34013 = 555), the temple was built shortly before the return of the king from the first Asian campaign (battle of Megiddo), in the year 23. Hatshepsut being absent of construction, it is possible to narrow the chronological range between the years 20 21 (disappearance of Hatshepsut) and the year 23.
The north chapel of the sanctuary is dedicated to the god Ptah, the south chapel to Hathor and the central room evokes Amon, Ptah and Hathor. The statue replaced in the central room as well as the statue of Sekhmet in the southern chapel are not in their original location. Located during its construction during the reign of Thutmose III outside the enclosure of Amon Re, the temple of Ptah was included within the enclosure of Nectanebo.
4th REG North scene (Ptah 22) 3595
Internal
Interior
3rd register North (Ptah 103 Gift of life 3537 / South (Ptah 104 Offering of the sistrum and the menat 3538
Gate 5 (E)
Linteau Scène nord (Ptah 63) 3578 / Scène sud (Ptah 64) 3579 / 1er registre Scène nord (Ptah 59) : Donner le vin 3574 Scène sud (Ptah 60) : Donner le vin 3575
1er registre Scène Ptah 57 3572
Back A Stele Haremheb / B Stele toetmosis III / C Stele Seti I / D Stele Ptah
2e registre Scène Ptah 58 : Donner le vin 3573
2 Sjabaka with deities, cartouches deliberately damaged)
2nd register North (Ptah 101 Gift of jubilees 3534 / South (Ptah 102 Offering 3536
2e registre Scène nord (Ptah 61) : Consacrer le pain blanc 3576 Scène sud (Ptah 62) : Consacrer le pain blanc 3577
3 With a (half) gate of Ptolomeus XIII / a stele Injotef
1st register North (Ptah 99 Offering of Ma'at 3532 / South (Ptah 100 Offering of Ma'at 3533
Embrasure
Gate 6 (F)
Basements north (Ptah 91) 3618 / south (Ptah 94) 3619 / Under the ledge, north side (Ptah 98) 3541
Gate 2 (B)
6 Gate with beaded edge for the pylon with titleature of Ptolomeus III a King with red crown, stick in left hand and with right hand a ritual gesture to enter the Temple, after being purified 4 times. / b King with white crown, same gesture as a West face Dedication / north (Ptah 93) 3622 / south (Ptah 96) 3623 Lintel (Ptah 97) 3617
Side spaces
Temple Ptah 12 North Area109
4 Sjabaka (cartouches deliberately damaged)
West face Lintel North scene (Ptah 66 = Louvre B.37 Ointment offering 3560 South scene (Ptah 68 = Louvre B.39 Ointment offering 3562 North uprights (Ptah 65) 3561 / south (Ptah 67) 3563
4th register North (Ptah 105 Giving the wine 3539 / South (Ptah 106 Giving the wine 3540
Basement Base Ptah 108 3530 North 1.o (Ptah 109 Adoration 3528 / North, 2.o (Ptah 110 Adoration 3529 / South (Ptah 111) 3527 East face Door (Ptah 112 114) 3506 / Facade of the "pseudo pylon" Osiriac Colossus (Ptah 191) 257
Gate 4 (D)
Face est
Face ouest Montants Scène nord (Ptah 38 46) : Décor jubilaire 3568 / Scène sud (Ptah 47 54) : Décor jubilaire 3569 / Tableaux extérieurs nord (Ptah 55) 3570 / sud (Ptah 56) 3571
West face Lintel North scene (Ptah 66 = Louvre B.37 Ointment offering 3560 / South scene (Ptah 68 = Louvre B.39 Ointment offering 3562 North uprights (Ptah 65) 3561 / south (Ptah 67) 3563 / Lintel paintings North (Ptah 70 = Louvre B.38) 3564 / south (Ptah 72 = Louvre B.39) 3566 / Mountings north (Ptah 69) 3565 / south (Ptah 71) 3567
Pseudo pylon
Outdoor paintings
7 Thutmose III, no decoration whatsoever around the entrance A King with red crown, stick in left hand and with right hand a ritual gesture to enter the Temple, after being purified 4 times. / B King with white crown, same gesture as a
Half gate (C)
Lintel paintings NorTh (Ptah 70 = Louvre B.38) 3564 / south (Ptah 72 = Louvre B.39) 3566 Mountings north (Ptah 69) 3565 / south (Ptah 71) 3567
8 / 9
5 a/b Ptolemy III enters the Temple North lintel (Ptah 88) 3542 / south (Ptah 90) 3544 / Uprights North scene (Ptah 87 Consecrate the offerings 3543 Southern scene (Ptah 89 Consecrating the offerings 3545 Four pillars (5.25 high) On each column a different open capital Half height intermediate walls
16 sided columns, diameter base 106 cm, height +/ 350 cm, Northern columns on the NW side with lines of text and title of T III South wall
Central Chapel
Temple Ptah 12 North Area110
South Chapel
2 Backwall Scene Ptah 163: Complete the offering and give the great offering 2335
2 Backwall Offerings to Amon / Scène Ptah 163 : Accomplir l’offrande et donner la grande offrande 2335
a Headless statue of Ptah (T III?) black granite with a pale pink band through the center Sitting headless with Djed and Ouas (damaged). In front of the same block, person kneeling only the feet remains
e Above the door or stairs from left to right King sacrifices a sphinx statue (carrying speech) Ptah in Naos with Ouas, Ankh and Djed Hathor Imhotep, son of Ptah (deified during Ptolomeen)
1 North King sacrifices to Ptah Scène Ptah 161 : Accomplir l’encensement et déposer la grande offrande 270 / Porte Ptah 164 166 2337
f Behind Imhotep 4 lines of Thutmose III Above the niches a relief of Thutmose followed by his Ka. 250 Scene Ptah
3 Offering to Hathor / Scène 162 : Donner le vin 2334 Porte Ptah 177 179 2336
12 Warehouse Temple inventory Hathor on the walls / King before Hathor a Image Sekhmet, black granite. found in parts by Legrain, standing under a small hole in the ceiling in relation to the moon phase (the human eater, legend of children who have disappeared) In the “Destruction of Mankind” tale, she is the agent of Re that is sent to destroy a rebellious world only to be tricked by a repentant Re with thousands of gallons of blood colored beer on which she gets drunk and forgets her mission.
a Thutmose III with blue helmet offers 2 vases of wine, followed by his Ka with on the head Horus name of Thutmose III. Right hand with long stick, head of King (strong bull belonging to Thebes), Left hand with key of life, Ankh with Maat feather b right to left Amon, Ptah, Chonsu and Moet Above for Amon 4 vertical lines, still complete during Marriette, with a date of the feast of Ptah, 2 months after the coronation of Horemheb (after Akhnaten) / The three gods behind Amon are on a platform Ptah 'lord of Maat, King of the 2 countries, beautiful face in Thebes' with a blue helmet of Lapis Lazuli.With stick and Djed and Ouas. Around the neck the 'counterweight' Mankht of pectoral (Hadr.t) Chonsoe 'in Thebes Neferhotep' (on pedestal). in the hands all sceptres; Djed, Ouas, Ankh, Hek, Nekhakha, Menat Must 'who resides in the house of Ptah'
3 SOUTH Scène Ptah 184 : Accomplir la purification avec les quatre boulettes de natron 2349 / Scène Ptah 185 : Purification avec l’eau des vases nemset et décheret 2350 / Scène Ptah 186 : Dévêtir et vêtir 2351
Collonade
d Door jambs, at an angle, with a vertical line of hieroglyphs Above the passage 2 registers of the titleature of Ptolomeus IV Two registers between the passage and the staircase / Lower; King followed by Arsinoé worships Ptah 4 times, Ptah in naos followed by Hathor / Upper; King sacrifices Maat to Theban triad, Amon Moet and Chonsoe North wall
10
11 Ptah / Hathor (?)
1 Porte Ptah 180 182 2345 / Scène Ptah 187 : Donner l’eau fraîche 2346 / Scène Ptah 188 : Accolade 2347
4 Offrande du sable / Donner l’omguent medjet 189
c On the door pillars, cartouches of Ptolemy IV (heir to the gods Evergete?).Above the entrance a mirrored scene, King sacrifices to two Ptah's / Tableau next to Ptolemy IV's door approaches Hathor Scene mirrored in the passage, King before Ptah, Ptah restored several times
g Altar of Thutmose III
14
a Outside Hathor (counter chapel), 'in the heart of Thebes' In front of him little Neter Horus the child with titleature (Sma ta oui, ligature of the two countries) Hathor is followed by 2 deified persons Imhotep, son of Ptah (fire) with braces and writing attributes Amenhotep, son of Hapi (water) left hand Ouas, right hand Ankh Ptolemy IV offering cosmetics to Ptah, Hathor and Imhotep. The scene is over a doorway bearing the cartouche of Tuthmosis III and here Imhotep is identified as the son of Ptah. In the Ptolemaic period, Imhotep was deified and equated with the Greek god Asclepios. Imhotep was also considered a great sage. He of course, was the famed architect of Djoser (Third Dynasty) and is credited with being the builder of the Step Pyramid at Saqqara.
8 Old boundary wall of the Amon Temple according to Barguet
9 Gate / structure Ramses III on the north side of the square in front of the 4th Pylon
7 Gate of Ramesses III, probably originally from Amenhotep III
10 North gate in the wall of Nektanebo I (30th dynasty)
North Area various 12 North Area111
12 Remnants of older Ptah Temple
4 Scène Ptah 176 : Oindre de myrrhe 2344
North Area various
11 Boundary wall of Nektanebo I (30th Dynasty)
3 Porte Ptah 167 169 3507 / Donner l’eau fraiche 2338 / Accolade 2339
2 Backwall Offrande du sable
5 'Chapelle Ethiopienne' according to Barguet, without further indications
1 Accomplir la purification avec les quatre boulettes de natron 2341 / Purification avec l’eau des vases nemset et décheret 2342 / Undress and clothe 2343
Outside
The studios wear images of kings and private individuals, were located elsewhere, for practical reasons we are probably near the temple grounds. Perhaps the final touches to an image were put in the gold house before it was given 'life' and placed in the temple.
North Chapel
13 (Warehouse Temple inventory Ptah) On the walls King for PTAH West Offrande du sable
b Black granite statue of Djahoute, found in the ground, kneeling with offering tray, chief of the granaries of Amun (Thutmose III), 84 cm high (with legend of children, with transport of the ship)
2 Gold House of Shabaka
3 The 'treasure house' of King Shabaka (25D) Colonnade of the entrance, only columns remains, 3x5 or 5x3 columns In the temple complex of Karnak, north of the third pylon are the sad restarts of the gold house of King Shabaka (25th dynastic). The thin columns are the only remnant of the building, in which the temple statues have been given life. No doubt there has always been a gold house in or near the temple of Karnak, north of the third pylon or elsewhere. According to Egyptian building traditions, obsolete gold houses will regularly have been demolished and replaced by new buildings. Given the relatively small dimensions of King Shabaka's gold house, which we are familiar with, it makes sense that the statues were also made in the building itself, perhaps with the exception of statues of the gods.
4 Gate of Ramses III
6 Clay stones 'Chapelle Haute' according to Barguet, without further indication. The structure has 4 limestone passages
OS 3 Temple of Osiris Onnofris Nebdjefa King Ahmose I and god's consort Anchnesneferibre (25th dynasty) PM C This view shows the two chapels erected under the pontificate of Ankhnesnéferibrê. In the foreground, the chapel of Osiris neb djefaou was built during the reign of Amasis (Iâhmes) between 570 and 526 BC. J.C. (XXVIth dynasty). Behind is a part of the Osiris neb neheh chapel begun under Amasis and completed under Psametic III, last king of this dynasty (526 to 525). In the background, the Great Hypostyle.
OS 15 Anepigraphic (Osirian ?) chapel with claustrum.
OS 14 Chapel of Osiris within the rshed tree Hery ib pa ished
OS 2 Temple of King Ahmose I and Consort of God Nitokris II (25th Dynasty) PM B
In the center of the view, the chapel of Osiris neb djefaou, part of its reconstituted brick enclosure and its access tempering and on the left, the oldest chapel of Osiris neb ankh, built by the worshiper Chépénoupet II under the XXVth dynasty (reign of Taharqa, 690 to 664 BC)
OS 11 Chapel of Osiris master of djct eternity
OS 20 Chapel of Osiris Ptah master of life
OS 10 Chapel of Osiris (?)
This chapel was discovered during the clearance of the northeast area of Karnak by H. Chevrier from March 1951. It is located between the chapels of Osiris in the heart of the ished tree and Isis/Osiris Oup ished. Its entrance faces north.
OS 12 Chapel of Osiris Wennefer (exact location unknown)
OS 3 Chapel of Osiris Wennefer master of provisions
OS 2 Chapel of Osiris Wennefer ("chapel of Osiris master of neheh eternity")
OS 16 Chapel of Osiris who inaugurates the ished tree / chapel of Isis
Material: Sandstone.
OS 1 Anepigraphic (Osirian ?) chapel
OS 19 Chapel of Osiris of Coptos
Osiris Chapels 12 North Area112
The divine Adoratrice Ânkhnesneferibrê, alive, receives the life of the god Montou, the master of force, sovereign of the 4 c ities, accompanied by Râttaouy, sovereign of the 4 cities. The worshiper is followed by the great steward Sheshonq, son of Harsiesis.
OS 5 Chapel of Osiris master of life who gives the heb sed festivals
OS 18 Chapel of Osiris (?)
Osiris Chapels
OS 13 Chapel of Osiris the one whom she (= Isis) loves ((exact location unknown)
OS 8 Chapel of Osiris (?)
OS 6 Chapel of Osiris master of life
Dating: 21st dynasty
OS 17 Chapel of Osiris sovereign of djet eternity
OS 9 Chapel of Osiris who unites Maat and foremost of the West
Date of discovery: March 1951.
OS 4 Chapel of Osiris master of life / who rescues the unfortunate
OS 7 Chapel of Osiris (?)
OS 1. Anepigraphic (Osirian ?) chapel Anepigraph chapel with claustrum XXI dynasty (?) (KIU 366)
This front view shows the row of different parts of the chapel. In the foreground, the door of which only three fragments of the lintel have been found: on the north upright, the Great Adoratrice Ânkhnesneferibrê presents the offerings. to the south, it is King Amasis. Between the door and the sanctuary is the hypostyle with 4 columns and the remains of a door that was in front of the sanctuary.
The walls of the building are anepigraph. A cloister was discovered there; he is decorated in the name of Maâtkarê and Henouttaouy. According to the report by H. Chevrier, an architrave (or a lintel according to Porter & Moss) in the name of an Amenirdis was also found there. To the north, the chapel overlooked a courtyard with four columns, H. Chevrier also identified two uprights of a door.
OS 9 Chapel of Osiris who unites Maat and foremost of the West
OS 5 Chapel of Osiris master of life who gives the heb sed festivals
OS 14 Osiris Hery ib pa ished Temple. (Osiris in the Persea tree) of the consorts of God Shepenoepet I and Amenerdis I 25 D) Representation or names of Shepen wepet II alive, Amenirdis I deceased, but no king’s name.
OS 13 Chapel of Osiris the one whom she (= Isis) loves ((exact location unknown)
First chamber 25D Chapel of Kings Osorkon III and Takelot III (23D)
Only a fragment of the scene at the top is preserved. King Amasis (XXVIth Dynasty) offers jubilees to the god Chonsu in Thebes Neferhotep accompanied by Hathor. The king is followed by the royal Ka. Khonsiu master of joy gives life. Hathor, lady of Iounet (Dendera) gives the king all life, duration, power. The king is followed by the royal Ka.
OS-12 Chapel of Osiris Wennefer (exact location unknown)
The two inner rooms can be dated to the coregency of Osorkon III and his son Takelot III( 23D), which also displays representations of the God’s Wife Shepenwepet I, their daughter and sister. Here there are no doubts about the coregency, as both kings are shown sitting
Great space inside Left wall; Shepenoepet II for Osiris Paoesjebiad and Isis Right wall; In this wall (right) is a passage to a small room, to mark the opening of Taharka and Shepenoepet II, Taharka's lintel offers two vases of wine for Osiris Paoesjebiad and Shepenoepet II for Anoebis left part sacrificial carriers and relics of Abydin origin
The king of the Double country Amasis makes the wine offering to Amon Rê Kamoutef represented with the attributes and sacred objects of Min. The god, preeminent in Opet, is accompanied by e la Maât. The goddess, daughter of Re, reunited with Amon, gives the king all life, all power and all health. Behind the king is inscribed the inscription "All protection, all life around him".The two geniuses hold a sema taouy. Above is the name of Osiris
OS 17 Temple Osiris Hekadjet 'Osiris Ruler of Eternity'
OS 7 Chapel of Osiris (?)
Montou was celebrated in 4 cities which surrounded Thebes: in the North, Medamoud and Karnak North, and in the South, Tôd and Ermant. In the Late Period, These towns were supposed to protect the old capital. Ânkhnesneferibrê, followed by Sheshonq, makes the offering of Maat to the god Ptah Noun, father of Atum in a chapel. Behind the god, the goddess Sekhmet, loved by Ptah, makes the sign of protection. The two geniuses hold a sema taouy. Above is the name of Osiris (Ounennefer just of voice)
OS 10 Chapel of Osiris (?)
OS-6 Chapel of Osiris master of life
Front wall; Sjepenoepet II offers a Maat statue to Amon Re and Moet below this image a Djed column with on either side Isis and Nephtys in (ancient) hawk shape in addition Selket and Neit Back wall; reliefs disappeared, still present at the beginning of the century
OS-15 Chapel without inscriptions, probably once dedicated to Osiris Wepished (Osiris opening the Persea)
OS 11 Chapel of Osiris master of djct eternity
OS-16 Chapel of a Takelot (prince?), Son of Nimlot, dedicated to an undisclosed form of Osiris (22nd Dynasty)
According to Legrain 'the smallest of the religious monuments in Egypt, amid the greatness of Karnak On the lintel in the center the Osiris name in a cartouche Left; two scenes with Taharka, whole left with (horus), right with offering wine to Osiris followed by goddess Right side; two scenes, left consort of God Sjepenoepet II (with cartouches) offering milk to Hathor 'who resides in Thebes' on the right Amenerdis II (with cartouches) who is greeted by Hathor "mistress of Dendera' Doorposts; left Taharka with Osiris nebanch, right Sjepenoepet II with Isis, at the bottom Hapi images
OS 8 Chapel of Osiris (?)
Osiris Chapels 12 North Area113
OS 4 Temple of Osiris Nebanch 'lord of the life' of King Taharka (25th Dynasty) PM D
Bottom right: Shapenoupet is embraced by Amon (Lubicz 233 237)
The seats are placed on a plinth whose ends curl with Nile gods on either side that bind the two countries together
Below: Amenardis, son of Kashta (Kush) with the sister of Hathor on his shoulders, is given the three 'keys' of life in his left hand and the sign of Amon's life against his mouth.
Register below: Two arms stretch out and measure an arc, above that a kneeling figure looking back with an Osiris staff; seshed a Horus standing on a vase from which a feather sticks out behind it a sign for 'the followers of Horus' to which a wasp is holding finally sekhem the scepter
together on symmetrical heb sed thrones and receiving their names on the ished tree from Amun and Atum. This coregency is well dated by a nilometric inscription at Karnak that reads: ‘Flood of year 28 of King Usermaatra setepenamun, son of Re Osorkon (III), son of Isis, be loved of Amun, divine ruler of Thebes, which is year 5 of his son King [Usermaatra setepenamun], son of Re Takelot (III), son of Isis, beloved of Amun, divine ruler of Thebes’. Hence, the chapel of Osiris Heqa djet can be firmly dated to around 768 764 BC, the years of the coregency of Osorkon III and Takelot III. Some painted cartouches of Rudamun, the successor of Takelot III, had been added during his short reign c. 755 BC.
Above the door a lintel (?)Two Kings back to back on seats, for the left Nekhebit the vulture, for the right Ouadjit the serpent
OS 19 Temple of Osiris Gebtichentihutnoeb (Osiris of Koptos presiding in the house of gold) (Greek / Rom)
G Wall in the chapel Depiction with two Persea trees under which the King sits The King on the left is Ouser Maat Ren Osorkon (III), with southern crown, while Amon writes their names The judge is Ouser Maat Re Takelot (III, father of Shapenoupet) with the red crown, while toem writes down their names
The costume of the chief stewards, who are uniquely represented on the chapels of their mistresses in Kar nak, which visualise changes in the decorum of the representations of private individuals in the temple envi ronment,93 gives some stylistic coherency and helps to pinpoint the specific date of execution of their portrayals. The sash kilt is most definitely the favoured garment worn by Pabasa, the Chief Steward of the Divine Adoratrice Nitocris. He wears it in many scenes in his tomb (TT 279), in all surviving scenes from the chapel of Osiris Neb ankh di heb sed, as well as on the naos for Taweret found in North Karnak (e.g. fig. 10). It is noteworthy that the same kilt is worn by other major figures in Pabasa’s tomb but it is always worn by an active and never by a passive person. Thus, Pabasa, when represented in his veneration scene, is wearing another costume. For example, an elaborate cloak or a traditional short kilt, but never a sash kilt. His choice of a sash kilt in all of his appearances in the chapel of Osiris Neb ankh di heb sed cannot be acci dental. It seems that he chose the outfit, fashionable in his days, which was suitable enough to be rendered in the temple as well as in the funerary context. Taking under consideration two and three dimensional appear ances of a sash kilt, it can be concluded that its peak of popularity was in the transition period between the Twenty fifth and Twenty sixth Dynasties, including the reign of Psamtik I with stronger inclination to its first half.
Behind the god Must be the great, mistress of Asheroe, with an Anch in the right hand combined with the Sed sign. Traces of pigment.
A Left ReliefoutsidefromShabataka, cartouches destroyed
Above left: Shapenoupet (daughter of Osorkon, First of Amon's wives, gives Maat to Amon
The seven doors of the Shrine of Osiris, depicting the shrine where Osiris's head was buried top right: Shapenoupet is fed by Hathor (?), Separate hairdress (!)
F Access to the chapel
Stylistic and Iconographic Development of the Chief Stewards’ Costume (Pabasa and Sheshonq A)
By contrast, the high waisted kilt is characteristic for the portrayal of Sheshonq A in Karnak. He wears it, either with or without a short kilt, with a neck sash on every one of his representations in the chapel of Osiris Wennefer Neb djefau (fig. 11a). The high waisted kilt worn by Sheshonq A is an important dating criterion since the Late Period version of the high waisted kilt started to become popular during the reign of Amasis, especially when represented in three dimensional form. This change in fashion can be seen with the portrayal of Sheshonq on the Adoption Stela of Ankhnesneferibre where he is clad in a long kilt. The stela had to be carved much earlier (probably 15 years or so) than the chapel’s decoration, which has been dated to the first half of the reign of Amasis, between 570 and 550 BC or slightly later. Sheshonq is also wearing the high waisted kilt when he is represented in front of his father Harsiese on the relief from his father’s tomb (fig. 11b), as well as on the wall of the entrance passage to his own tomb (TT 27).105 As far as can be determined from what is left of the tomb’s decoration, this is the only place in his funerary monument where he is wearing the high waisted kilt. His son, however, is wearing
D GWA Shepenwepet I being suckled by a godess E GWA Shepenwepet Iwith Sistra before the Theban Triad King Takelot III with a Horus Falcon figure on his head.
C Relief outside of chapel
OS 18 Chapel of Osiris (?)
King receives from Amon the palm of the many years with the Sed marks hanging from it and a knife / ax 2 ureuses (one destroyed) on the head, the headdress and the Ouser sign are typically Ethiopian
Osiris Chapels 12 North Area114
B Left wall first court
Above right: Shapenoupet receives Menat from Isis Hathor
a b
Fig. 7: (a) Shepenwepet II clad in a wraparound dress. Chapel of Osiris Wennefer hery-ib pa-ished (drawing: Mission Osirian sanctuaries at Karnak/Anna Guillou); (b) Ankhnesneferibre clad in the tunic. Chapel of Osiris ‘Neb neheh’ (drawing: Tytus Mikolajczak); (c) Ankhnesneferibre clad in the wraparound dress. Chapel of Osiris ‘Neb neheh’ (drawing: Tytus Mikolajczak) b
sash. Chapel of Osiris Wennefer Neb djefau (drawing: Mission Osirian sanctuaries at Karnak/Anna Guillou); (b) Sheshonq A clad in a high waisted kilt and a neck sash. Lintel of Harsiese, the father of Sheshonq A (drawing: A Hallmann) a b c Fig. 9: (a)
Fig. 8: (a) Amenirdis clad in a wraparound dress being embraced by Amun. Chapel of Osiris Wennefer hery ib pa ished (photo: Mission Osirian sanctuaries at Karnak/CFEETK); (b) Shepenwepet II clad in a wraparound dress being embraced by Amun. Chapel of Osiris Wennefer hery ib pa ished (photo: Mission Osirian sanctuaries at Karnak/CFEETK)
a high waisted kilt in a scene of Sheshonq’s adoration. Similarly, as with Pabasa, when Sheshonq A is represented in a passive role, he is wearing a different kind of costume.
a b 10: (a) clad sash kilt, sash. TT 279 (drawing: Tytus Mikolajczak); (b) Pabasa clad Osiris Neb heb (drawing: A
in a
It may be concluded that the high waisted kilt was the same for Sheshonq as a sash kilt for Pabasa, both of which were contemporary costumes that were in vogue. In this way, they stress their self identity as was proper for an active/living person rendered in funerary and also in temple environments. Despite the fact that research is still ongoing, these preliminary findings indicate that particular types of costuming, as well as their contexts, provide important information for the dating of the tenures and monuments of different god’s wives and their officials. Future research will continue to examine the style of chapels in Karnak and Medinet Habu and further refine these dating criteria. c
Hallmann)
Osiris Chapels 12 North Area115
a
Fig.
in a sash kilt, a long kilt, and a neck sash. Chapel of
sed
Pabasa
(b)
a long kilt, and a neck
a b
Fig. 11: (a) Sheshonq A clad in a short kilt, a high waisted kilt and a neck Shepenwepet II wearing the Swty-crown without sun disc (drawing: Tytus Mikolajczak); Ankhnesneferibre wearing the Swty-crown with sun disc (drawing: Mission Osirian sanctuaries at Karnak/Anna Guillou; (c) Vulture-crown of Ankhnesneferibre (drawing: Mission Osirian sanctuaries at Karnak/Anna Guillou)
ankh di
Ramses II (19th Dynasty) was responsible for dismantling the Treasury, no doubt reusing the materials at other sites, leaving behind a large quantity of decorated fragments, the source of most of our information.
Goldhouse Toetmosis I
K.7 NEAR MONTU TEMPEL
Goldhouse Toetmosis I 12 North Area116
This monument, built of fine limestone, with an area of around 2,200 m2, reduced to its soils and a few elements of its superstructure, was on average 3 m below the surface of the site. Oriented east west, its entrance was to the west. It had been amply decorated with inscriptions and bas Thereliefs.plan of the building is made up of two juxtaposed rectangles: to the west, a set reserved for worship consisting of a boat altar and a sanctuary; to the east, shops opening onto a courtyard. It is surprising that such a building was not protected by a powerful wall. So we must consider that the Treasury was then only a component of a much larger whole, perhaps a palace, of which we do not yet know the existence. The stone edifice was not surrounded by a mud brick wall until the time of Hatshepsut, a generation later. The space between this wall and the stone monument was then reserved for workshops, bakeries or warehouses.
The abandonment of this last monument saw the end of the religious occupation of the site. A few domestic installations came to occupy the land during the Ptolemaic period, the site simultaneously serving as an embankment area.
The same Ramses II, having made a clean sweep of the site, rebuilt a smaller sanctuary there, still oriented in the same way, transforming the remains of the Treasury gate into a pylon.
Finally, in the XXIst dynasty (ca 1095 945 BC), Pinedjem I returned to the site of Ramses II to build a last monument, a large sanctuary built in mud brick, always oriented east west. and essentially composed of two courtyards, still using the same entrance many times restored.
The Roman era, a period of intense construction, sought out limestone at all costs to make lime. Having discovered, no doubt during the digging of a well, the limestone blocks left in place by Ramses II, the men exploited this vein by following in deep trenches the walls of the Treasury which lay 3 m below. This will be the last activity on the site until the excavators arrive. In the meantime, the wind and landslides will have partially filled the trenches of the chaufourniers, the traces of which, however, have remained, attracting the attention of archaeologists.
Over the years, a new sanctuary located to the south of the previous one, probably built by Ramses III (ca 1184 1153 BC), consisted simply of a paved courtyard and a chapel made of blocks. of re employment.
• Red Chapel Hatsjepsoet
The king completed the unfinished decoration of the chapel when his aunt died. However, he later decided to disassemble the shrine and replace it with his own bark chapel of red granite. The two black granite exterior doorways of the chapel were incorporated into his renovations of the palace of Ma'at (the main door to the north suite of rooms) and into his court of the 6th pylon (the door leading into the southern columned court) during his continuing renovation of the core of the temple. It seems that the blocks of the "red chapel" were left in a heap somewhere at Karnak. When the proscription of Hatshepsut began, sometime late in the reign of Thutmose III, the image of the queen on some of the blocks was defaced. Other blocks (possibly those less exposed) were left as is. Later, Amenhotep III used the "red chapel" blocks as part of the foundations for the third pylon.
Statue of Thutmose III
• Bark Chapel toetmosis IV
Red Chapel Hatshepsut 13 Open Air Museum117 13 – Open Air Museum J
• White Chapel Sesostris I
Statues
• Bark Chapel Thoutmosis III
Statue Ramses II
• Door of an ointment storeroom
Material: Granite / Dimension(s) H: 167 cm (preserved). / Fragment of statue preserved in the open air museum which, according to D. Laboury (op. cit., p. 170 171), would form a pair with the fragment CG 594 (KIU975) and would come from the Akh menou ( see photo from the Oriental Institute of Chicago).
Red Chapel Hatshepsut B
• Foregate of Amenhotep IV
Access to the internal altars of rest of the temple was reserved only for the priests who carried out there a whole series of rites on the divine statue. On the contrary, outside of the surrounding wall of the temple, altars of rest were a part of the public route of the God, of which the ceremonial processional exit at the time of the main festivals such as the Opet festival, or the Beautiful festival of the Valley, represented one of the high times of the Theban liturgy and was done in general jubilation.
Construction materials: red quartzite, black granite, gray diorite Measurements: The chapel measures 7.2m high, 15m long, and 6.5m wide. Hatshepsut began construction of the "red chapel" in 17th year of her reign. The chapel was placed within the new sanctuary constructed for the temple by the queen, the palace of Ma'at. The palace seems to have been renovated to accommodate the chapel. The "red chapel" functioned as a bark chapel, a place for the sacred bark (a portable “boat”) of Amun Ra to rest within the temple. The Red Chapel was intended to replace a building dating from Amenhotep I, the Alabaster Chapel
Destruction: Thutmose III
The "red chapel" was a unique red quartzite bark chapel placed in the sanctuary of the Amun Ra temple. The two roomed chapel (consisting of a vestibule and a sanctuary) was raised on a grey diorite platform and accessed by short ramps on either side. The beautifully carved relief decoration on the chapel's exterior sides includes scenes showing the raising of Hatshepsut's obelisks in the Wadjet Hall and the festival processions of the Opet and Beautiful Feast of the Valley festivals. A decorative kheker frieze and a series of kneeling Nile gods and female figures adorn the low base.
• Diverse beelden
• Bark Chapel Amenhotep I
• Lintel of Senusret I
The altar of rest was situated inside the temple of the divinity, the Red Chapel's first vocation is to shelter the boat of Amon. One either transports the God's "mobile" statue here in his sacred boat ("Userhat") by inland waterway, or toward another alter of rest outside the temple.
• Netery Menu
Material: Granite / Its state of preservation is quite poor: the top of the double crown, the uraeus, the nose, the beard as well as the two arms are missing.
• Chapel Amenhotep II
• Festival Court Thoutmosis IV
Seat 8: The structure of its blocks is clearly different from that of the other seats. The chapel was dismantled by Thutmose III before. the text has not been engraved on this course of the north wall.
Outside north
2ND REGISTER block 273 Strike the large offering four times and perform the incense 1341 / block 40 Perform incense 1339
4TH REGISTER b lock 126 Procession 1377 / blocks 279 and 291 Procession: land at Karnak, pull the front rope, paddle and worship the god four times 1373 / block 303 Strike the meret chests four times and perform incense 1372 / block 128 Procession: place the campaign and race of the Apis 1369 / block 61 Procession: procession of musicians and singers 1367
3RD REGISTER block 216 Gift of life 1362 / block 293 Perform incense 1361 / block 293 Give fresh water 1360 / block 284 Gift of life 1359 / / block 246 Give the cloth menekhet and perform incense 1354 / block 269 Libation 1353 / block 132 Accomplish the inou 1352 / block 297 1348 / block 217 Give the ointment medjet 1346 / block 181 Giving the garment unekhu 1345 / block 319 Offering of myrrh 1344 / block 12 Announcing the coronation to the Ennead 1343
5TH REGISTER block 207 Strike the offering tables four times 1395 / block 207 1394 / block 15 Accolade 1393 block 162 Performing incense 1392 / block 313 Giving the bread castle 1391 / block 193 Giving fresh water 1390 block 257 Performing the incense 1389 / block 210 Giving the wine 1388 / block 174 Giving the bread castle 1387 block 183 1385 / block 134 Worship the god four times 1384 / block 274 Perform incense 1383 block 155 Give fresh water 1382 / block 251 Worship the god four times 1381 / block 251 Give wine 1380
6TH REGISTER block 53 Assign electrum 1405 / block 186 Imposition of a crown 1400 / block 117 Imposition of a crown 1399 block 141 Imposition of a crown 1398 / block 178 Imposition of a crown 1397
ROW 3: the two processions of the Amun boat: to the south, the Opet festival and to the north, the Beautiful festival of the valley.
de la procession de la fête de la Vallée de Deir el-Bahari à Karnak côté nord, assise 5 le retour de Deir el-Bahari 285 à 294. Station dans la chapelle en calcite d’Amenhotep Ferme est la fondation d’Amon Hatshepsout, offrant la campagne, court à côté du taureau Apis couronnement d’Hatshepsout 366. Afin d’en revêtir la chapelle, Hatshepsout consacre à Amon-Min l’or pris sur les tributs des pays étrangers les scènes du couronnement côté nord, assise 7 couronnement d’Hatshepsout 399-400. En présence du prêtre Iounmoutef et d’Hathor de Dendérah, Hatshepsout reçoit la couronne aux grandes Formes bloc 141 124 les scènes du couronnement d’Hatshepsout 401. En présence du prêtre Iounmoutef et d’Ouret-hékaou, Hatshepsout reçoit la couronne de Rê des mains d’Amon126 les scènes du couronnement d’Hatshepsout 390. En présence du prêtre Iounmoutef et de Mout, Hatshepsout reçoit la perruque ibès des mains d’Amon 17814111753 25731315207251155274183134174193 319181217297132269246284293 40273 1461473719454287631972109 2419733229294270225298230 61 128 126 236 115204 VALLEE heen Deir el Bahari > OFFER> VALLEE terug Deir el Bahari >KRONINGOFFER>> 99la procession de la fête de la Vallée de Karnak à Deir el-Bahari côté nord, assise 3 la fête de Deir el-Bahari 231 235. Thoutmosis III offre l’encens et Hatshepsout consacre la grande offrande devant la barque en station sur le Grand Siège du temple de Deir el-Bahari bloc 273 98 la procession de la fête de la Vallée de Karnak à Deir el-Bahari côté nord, assise 3 la fête de Deir el-Bahari 227 à 229. Thoutmosis III offre l’encens et Hatshepsout accueille la procession hors du temple de Karnak, vers l’embarcadère bloc 40
ROW 4: the scenes of offerings from Hatshepsut and Thutmose III. ROW 5: the return of the processions of the boat of Amun ROW 6: other scenes of offerings by Hatshepsut and Thutmose III to Amun and the Ennead Seat 7: at the level of the vestibule, the presentation of the monuments; at the level of the sanctuary, the scenes of the coronations of Hatshepsut.
Bloc 40 Thutmosis III offers the incense Bloc 273 Hatshepsut welcomes the procession out of the temple of Karnak, to the pier. Bloc 128 Station in the calcite chapel of Amenhotep I "Farm is the foundation of Amon" Hatshepsut, offering the countryside, runs alongside the bull Apis In front of the boat, placed on a base, in a chapel, the queen, accompanied of the Apis bull, performs the rite of the race, holding the whip and the makes object. Bloc 53 In order to clothe the chapel, Hatshepsout devotes the gold taken from the tributes of foreign countries to Amon Min Bloc 141 In the presence of the priest Iounmoutef and Hathor of Dendérah, Hatshepsout receives the crown "with the great Forms" of the hands of Amon Block 178 In the presence of the priest Iounmutef and Hathor of Dendera, Hatshepsut receives the crown "with great forms" from the hands of Amon Block 117 In the presence of the priest Iounmoutef and Mout, Hatshepsut receives the ibes wig from the hands of Amon
The two long sides both have the same structure. All around the chapel, the lower diorite seat is made up of two parts: a 9 cm projecting base, decorated with steps and a long geographic parade above. The even seats are made of breeze blocks, completed at each end by tiles. The odd numbered courses are made up of squares. The second course includes the continuation of the long oracular text (146, 37, 147, 194)
ROW 8: a text of dedication added by Thutmose III. The structure of its blocks is clearly different from that of the other seats.
The two long sides both have the same structure. All around the chapel, the lower diorite seat is made up of two parts:
ROW 6: other scenes of offerings from Hatshepsut and Thutmose III.
245 98 209 196 278 163 156 108 39 173 119 312 29 104 170 222 35 184295 302 +161.5 OPET heen > ORACUL OPETOFFER>> retour > OFFER Min Enneade > OFFER Obelisk-Kroning >
The pairs of seats are made of concrete blocks, completed at each end by tiles. The odd numbered courses are made up of squares. Seat 2 has the long oracular text of Hatshepsut.
Seat 7: at the level of the vestibule, the presentation of the monuments; at the level of the sanctuary, the scenes of the coronations of Hatshepsut.
ROW 1 / 2 projecting base a 9 cm, decorated with steps and a long geographic parade above.
Outside south
ROW 3: the two processions of the Amun boat: to the south, the Opet festival and to the north, the Beautiful festival of the valley.
5E REGISTRE bloc 278 Accomplir l’offrande et donner la grande offrande 1285 / bloc 163 Donner l’eau fraîche 1286 / bloc 156 Accolade 1287 / bloc 108 Consacrer le pain blanc 1288 / bloc 39 Donner le lait 1289 / bloc 14 Offrande des pains 1290 / bloc 165 Offrande des oignons 1291 / bloc 244 Adorer le dieu quatre fois 1292 / bloc 271 Donner le vin 1293 / bloc 70 Donner le pain chât 1294 / bloc 258 Consacrer le pain blanc 1295 / bloc 122 Accomplir l’encensement 1296 / bloc 223 1297 / bloc 309 Donner l’onguent medjet 1298
3E REGISTRE bloc 173 Adoration et don de la vie 1244 / bloc 119 Accomplir l’encensement 1245 / bloc 119 Donner l’eau fraîche 1246 / bloc 312 Consacrer le pain blanc 1249 / bloc 29 Donner le vin 1250 / bloc 182 Donner la myrrhe 1255 / bloc 28 Donner l’onguent medjet 1256 / bloc 276 Donner le vêtement ounekhou 1257 / bloc 148 Don du collier menat 1258
Red Chapel Hatshepsut 13 Open Air Museum119
Procession Consacrer les quatre coffres et adoration 1265 / bloc 102 Fête d’Opet procession placer la campagne et course de l’Apis 1267 / bloc 66 Fête d’Opet procession cortège de musiciens et de chanteurs 1282 / bloc 66 Procession 1283 / bloc 130 Fête d’Opet procession cortège de musiciennes et de prêtres 1284
ROW 4: the scenes of offerings from Hatshepsut and Thutmose III.
6E REGISTRE bloc 196 Attribuer l’électrum 1299 / bloc 302 Dresser les obélisques 1300 / bloc 172 Montée royale 1305 / blocs 172 et 261 Imposition d’une couronne 1307 / bloc 23 Imposition d’une couronne 1308 / bloc 114 Imposition d’une couronne 1309 / bloc 145 Imposition d’une couronne 1310 / bloc 95 Imposition d’une couronne 1312 / bloc 71 Imposition d’une couronne 1313 / bloc 154 Imposition d’une couronne 1314
2E REGISTRE bloc 226 Fête d’Opet procession encensement sur le « grand siège » à Karnak 1206 Blocs 226 et 300 Fête d’Opet procession apparition hors de Karnak et encensement 1207 blocs 26 et 300 Fête d’Opet procession encensement à la première chapelle reposoir 1208 bloc 26 Fête d’Opet procession apparition hors de la première chapelle reposoir 1213 bloc 305 Fête d’Opet procession apparition hors de la deuxième chapelle reposoir 1229 bloc 305 Fête d’Opet procession encensement à la troisième chapelle reposoir 1230 bloc 135 Fête d’Opet procession encensement à la quatrième chapelle reposoir 1233 bloc 169b Fête d’Opet procession apparition hors de la quatrième chapelle reposoir 1237 bloc 169a Fête d’Opet procession encensement à la cinquième chapelle reposoir 1240 blocs 169a et 170 Fête d’Opet procession apparition hors de la cinquième chapelle reposoir 1241 bloc 170 Fête d’Opet procession encensement à la sixième chapelle reposoir 1242
ROW 5: the return of the processions of the boat of Amun
4E REGISTREbloc176
The chapel in which Amon is is the Per our, as said explicitly the title of the previous scene. We have, here, all the characteristic elements of this sanctuary (') but reduced to the strict minimum.
68 les scènes d’offrandes d’Hatshepsout et de Thoutmosis III à Amon, à Amon-Min et à l’Ennéade 324 à 326. Hatshepsout offre quatre rangées d’offrandes superposées à Amon-Min côté sud, assise 7 présentation des monuments 364-365. Afin de dorer les grands obélisques, Hatshepsout consacre à Amon-Min l’or pris sur les tributs des pays étrangers bloc 196 la consécration des obélisques et les scènes du couronnement côté sud, assise 7 présentation des monuments 369 375. Hatshepsout consacre à Amon la paire d’obélisques devant la Ouadjyt de Karnak bloc 302la consécration des obélisques et les scènes du couronnement côté sud, assise 7 couronnement d’Hatshepsout 382 386. En présence de Thot et d’Ouret-hékaou, Hatshepsout reçoit le némès des mains d’Amon bloc 172 bloc 261
Block 302
Middle three rectangular boxes with vaulted lid. We see, very clearly, on the edge of the lid and on the trunk, below the torus, the two buttons which were used to close it baskets, each carrying five gold rings. Above each basket, the name of the gold
In order to golden the great obelisks, Hatshepsut devotes the gold taken from the tributes of foreign countries to Amon Min
Hatshepsut offers (4 registers) at Amon Min
The god Amon, in his usual costume, is seated on the cubic seat (cf). The tail of the loincloth, attached to the passesgarment,between his legs. In front of him, the queen is on her knees, turning her back and looking towards the entrance to the chapel. His two arms fall vertically to the right and to the left. The God and the queen are placed on a mat, which covers part of the chapel's self. Amon extends his hand (right on the South wall, left on the North wall) above the hairstyle (nemes), while the other hand is placed at the level of the queen's nape.
The god Amun holds the () and the usual costume and hairstyle. In front of him and behind him vertically is inscribed, what he says to the queen: "Words spoken by Amon, master of thrones of the Two Lands: my daughter of my flank, Hatshepsut, I give you the royalty of the Two Lands and millions of years on the throne of Horus. May you be stable, like Ré, [as a reward] (') for what you have done for me. You (do) it (2), being alive, forever ”.
Right The queen is represented devoting the gold d'm to Amon, in its form of Min. He turns his back on the back of the sanctuary. The two large feathers of her hairstyle are attached to her temples by a headband. Behind the god, the fan and the chapel. Hidden; In front of the god, in the middle of the stage, is represented the gold offered by the queen, arranged in three overlapping registers.
Left On the left, the queen, standing facing right, is almost hammered as well as her Ka, the base of which only remains.
In the presence of Thot and Uret hekaou, Hatschepsoet receives the ‘menes’ of Amon Amon is seated in the Per our. He crowns the queen, who is kneeling at his feet and who turns his back on him. The goddess Ouret Hékaou, standing in front of the Per our, holds out the sign () to the nose of the queen. The god Thot presides over the ceremony.
The torso is covered with a corselet rising to the breasts, supported by a strip of material passing over the left shoulder. She wears the double crown, the square beard and a necklace. Behind her, vertically: "The daughter of Rê Hatshepsout, is at the head of the Ka of all living beings".
In front of the queen text in four retrograde vertical lines "The king, in person, erects two large obelisks to his father Amon Re, inside the Ouadjit room, worked in gold, very greatly, their height piercing the sky, radiating to the Two Earths, like the solar disk. Never had anything similar been done since the origin of the country. She does it, endowed with life, forever ”.
Hatschepsoet dedicates to Amun the pair of obelisks in front of the Ouadjit room It was found reused in the uprights of a Ramesside door which closed on the North side, the space between the 3th and 4th pylons. These are the obelisks of the pylon. The text tells us, in fact, that they are erected inside the Ouadjit room. The queen, facing right, presents two obelisks to Amon. She holds, with the left hand, the long cane makes, and with the right, the club and the she is dressed in the short loincloth, tightened at the waist by a belt, with rectangular front in pearls and tail.
Block 196
Red Chapel Hatshepsut 13 Open Air Museum120
Lower a heap of gold rings. Above: î a. . . "Big golden weary ('), very abundant".
Block 261
Block 278
Block 171
On the Userhat, toetmosis III paddles while Hatshepsut prays in front of the naos Per Our which houses the portable boat
Block 104
This ship is of a very different type from the divine ship, it is the royal skiff. The bow is raised vertically and terminated by a papyrus campane, surmounted by a falcon carrying, on the head, the solar disc from which hangs an uraeus. The stern forms a hook which then rises vertically and also ends in a papyrus campane: it is the well known silhouette of the archaic ship.
Middle A group of three waving musicians, with in the right hand Sistra. They wear a long, sticky dress and are wearing the large drooping wig. A group of three musicians clapping their hands raised at face level. They wear a short loincloth and have a bare head. Right. The boat carried on the priests' shoulders and heading towards the Grand Château. In front, the name of the god at () Amon Ré, master of the sky "behind, this sentence pronounced by the god: " Say words I gave all life and all happiness to Makarê, to the measure of my love for her. "
Hatshepsut in prayer before Amon Block 119
Hatshepsut offers three vases of ointment to Amon Block 276
Hathor tightens 'Menat' necklace to Hatshepsut
At the rear, the two falcon headed stakes support the two oars rudders, also hieracocephalic.
Red Chapel Hatshepsut 13 Open Air Museum121
Block 28
Sitting in the royal boat, Hatsjepsoet and Thutmosis III hold the rope that tows the Ouserhat. Seated in the royal bateus, Hatshepsoet The second ship carries the queen and the king, seated under a kiosk and both holding in their hand the rope which tows the boat of Amun.
Left Music and dance show in honor of Amon
At the front, stung in the bridge, is the human headed sphinx, standing on its divine perch
60 La fête d’Opet le retour de la barque divine de Louqsor à Karnak côté sud, assise 5 le retour de la fête d’Opet 241 à 254. Sur Ouserhat Thoutmosis III pagaie tandis qu’Hatshepsout prie devant le naos Per-Our qui abrite la barque portative bloc 104 la fête d’Opet le retour de la barque divine de côté sud, assise 5 255 à 275. Assis dans le bateau royal, Hatshepsout et Thoutmosis III tiennent la corde qui remorque l’Ouserhat 64 la fête d’Opet le retour de la barque divine de Louqsor à Karnak côté sud, assise 5 le retour de la fête d’Opet 295 à 299. Spectacle de musique et de danse en l’honneur d’Amon 301-302. Les prêtres portent la barque vers le Grand Château bloc 66 56 les scènes d’offrandes d’Hatshepsout et de Thoutmosis III côté sud, assise 4 307.Hatshepsout en prière devant Amon 309.Hatshepsout offre l’encens à Amon-Min 310.Hatshepsout offre deux vases d’eau à Amon bloc 119bloc 173 58 les scènes d’offrandes d’Hatshepsout et de Thoutmosis III 314.Hatshepsout offre trois vases d’onguent à Amon 315.Thoutmosis III offre deux bandes d’étoffe à Amon-Min 316.Hathor tend son collier-ménat à Hatshepsout la fête d’Opet le retour de la barque divine côté sud, assise 5 le retour de la fête d’Opet 303 à 305. Cortège composé d’un prêtre-lecteur, de prophètes et de joueuses de sistres appelées « recluses du temple bloc 130
Block 173
Thoutmosis offers two fabric bands to Amon Min Block 148
Block 66
Left In the front row, we see a man on his knees touching the strings of a theorbo with both hands; the instrument is placed vertically in front of it, on a flexible support, which prevents the sound box from touching the ground and allows it to vibrate freely. The body is enough wide and provided with a long pole, on which are fixed nine cords provided with keys to tighten them. The pole carrying the keys ends, as it very often happens, with a beardless head, wearing a war helmet Below this scene, on block 66, we see four dancers spinning their wheels. They are near only fully naked, except for a short loincloth which squeezes them at the waist. We notice their long hanging hair, which emphasizes and prolongs the movement of the body.
Procession made up of a priest reader, prophets and players of sistres, recluses of the temple
Block 130
Right The priests carry the boat to the Grand Château
Hatshepsut offers incense to Amon Min / Hatshepsut offers two vases of water to Amon
During the queen's race around the (Mn mnw) chapel, and opposite this sanctuary, there was a music and dance show in honor of Amon, who is present in his boat. It is kept in duplicate on the South wall (bi. 66) and on the North wall (bi. 6i). We see a group of musicians, ballerinas and ballerinas, facing the sanctuary.
Block 35 / 184
Red Chapel Hatshepsut 13 Open Air Museum122
Block 169
Amon's Oracular Processions in Karnak Then His Majesty (Amon) made (a) an oracular outing (b), with his Enneash to his sequel. But he did not return his oracles before (c) the King's Master Stations (d). Earth whole remained silent. "We do not understand" said (f) the royal nobles (g) and the great of the palace (h) bowed their heads (i). His followers (those of the god) said: "Why?" Those who were happy (j) became sad (?) (K), their hearts trembled under the effect of his wonders (1). His Majesty (the god) reached the Head of the Canal (m) by rendering a very large oracle to the double door of the royal palace (n), which is on the edge of the Route of the Offerings (o).
Proclamation of Amun, new processions in Karnak and intronasitation
Block 166-22-142
Outside East
The king
46 côté sud, assise 3 222.Hatshepsout encense la barque en station dans le 6 reposoir, Amon au glorieux Escalier bloc 170 le texte oraculaire d’Hatshepsout côté sud, assise 2 162-163. Processions oraculaires d’Amon dans Karnak bloc 35 bloc 184bloc 222 le texte oraculaire d’Hatshepsout 166-167. Proclamation d’Amon, nouvelles processions dans Karnak et intronisation bloc 22 bloc 142bloc 166 côté sud, assise 2
Outside West
Hatshepsut incenses the boat stationed in the 6th repository, Amon at the glorious Staircase Procession of the boat out of the 5th resthouse, Hatshepsut received the beauty of Amon Opet (heen)
Oraculaire teksten 222 35 184
The king
6TH REGISTER block 193 Redistribute offerings 1657 / block 257 Erase footprints 1658 / block 210 Give arm bracelets and foot bracelets 1659 / block 174 Spread the sand 1660 / block 183 Give eye drops 1661 / bloc 134 Salute with the vase nemset 1662 / block 274 Complete the two myrrh balls 1663 / block 155 Make the offering of divine offerings 1664
5TH REGISTER bloc 256 Course royale1489 / block 260 Offerings to the boat of Amon1490
Right The divine wife and the priests purify themselves in Lake Qebehy so that they can enter the temple
Block 140 / 292
8TH REGISTER block 227 Give the bread chât1498 / block 227) 1499 / block 310 Complete the offering of the divine offering 1500 block 224 Knock the offering tables four times 1501 / block 231 Offering milk 1502
Sanctuary north
4TH REGISTER block 269 Libation 1648 / block 132 Donate the fabric menekhet 1649 / block 297 1650 / block 297 Give iber ointment 1651 / block 217 Natron purification 1653 / block 181 Opening of the mouth 1654 / block 319 Censing 1652
Hatshepsout offers the fabrics and then a necklace to the boat of Amon stationed on the Grand Seat. On this last block, perfectly intact, the queen is depicted twice in a row present two different offerings to the boat of Amon. wearing the round wig, with uraeus, offers, first of all, a magnificent necklace wsi &. the queen, this time wearing a round wig (also with uraeus), offers the sign of the fabrics Behind the queen, stands on block 3 a, her Ka sign holder. This supports the cartridge first name.
Left The divine wife followed by priests and priestesses, officials and rekhyt welcome the Enneas and the ancient kings who are heading towards the bottom of the sanctuary. The first scene in this group includes two registers of four characters each. All these characters, men and women, walk to the left and make the same gesture: they hold two fists clenched, brought against the chest. The parade, led by the divine wife, begins, abnormally, with the upper register and continues with the lower Mregister.iddle
Nobles, companions, servants and maids as well as all the rekhyt go out to seek the altar Three priests, wearing round wig and short loincloth.
Block 31
2ND REGISTER block 63 1629 / block 21 1631 / block 21 Purification of priests 1632 / block 54 List of offerings 1633 / block 194 Summon 1634 / blocks 147 and 37 Procession of priests and priestesses 1635
4TH REGISTER block 284 Consecrate the offerings 1488
6TH REGISTER block 15 Call (the god) 1491 / block 162 Complete incense1492
3RD REGISTER block 46 Stop at the temple of Amon1486 / block 149 Accolade1487
7TH REGISTER block 105 Give fresh water 1666
207 77 227 310 224 231 238 191 254 299105153308 193257 174 183 134 274 155 256 248 31 284 189 269132 217 181 319 46 149 158 140 292 118 259 311 109 72 161 63287 194 147 37 116 160 +654 < Prof-Priest < Priest Barque 222 le sanctuaire de la chapelle parement nord sanctuaire nord, assise 5 611-612. Hatshepsout offre les étoffes puis un collier la barque d’Amon en station sur le Grand Siège bloc 31 216 le sanctuaire de la chapelle parement nord sanctuaire nord, assise 3 560 à 563. L’épouse divine suivie des prêtres et des prêtresses, des fonctionnaires et des rekhyt accueille l’Ennéade et les anciens rois qui se dirigent vers le fond du sanctuaire 564.Nobles, compagnons, serviteurs et servantes ainsi que tous les rekhyt sortent pour chercher l’autel 567 à 572. L’épouse divine et les prêtres se purifient dans le lac Qebehy afin de pouvoir entrer dans le temple 573 à 575. L’épouse divine et les prêtres entrent dans le temple la suite d’Hatshepsout bloc 140 bloc 292
The boat of Amon is represented as in the scenes from the outside. Next to the pedestal, the usual indication 1 j _, e Station sur le Grand Siège »
Vestibule
7TH REGISTER block 308 Worship the god four times 1493 / block 308 Present the divine offerings 1494 / block 153 Give the ointment medjet1496 / block 153 Accolade1497
8TH REGISTER block 238 Give fresh water 1667 / blocks 238 and 191 Offering 1668 / block 191 Offering of metjet vases 1669 / bloc 180 Offer ten pains chât 1670 / bloc 180 Give a pain taour 1671 / block 254 1672
2ND REGISTER block 311 Foundation ritual: stretch the line 1482 block 109 Foundation ritual: take the hoe and dig the earth four times 1483 block 72 Foundation ritual: mold the brick four times 1484 block 161 Accolade1485
5TH REGISTER block 31 Give the collar ousekh and the fabric 1655 / block 282 Give the ointment medjet 1656
Red Chapel Hatshepsut 13 Open Air Museum123
3RD REGISTER block 158 Stand east and invoke 1638 / block 140 Worship the god 1639 / block 140 Procession 1640 / block 292 Entering the temple 1642 / block 292 Fabric offering 1643 / bloc 118 Libation with the four vases nemset 1645 / bloc 259 Libation with the four decheret vases 1646 / block 259 Turn around four times with the incense pot 1647
Innerside north
It is one of the known scenes of the foundation ritual, in which the sovereign, standing, holding a hoe with two hands, digs the earth four times. Is it a matter of making four holes in order to place the foundation deposits at the four angles, are we digging well four times to have the soil necessary to make the four bricks?
Each of these two figures holds a very curious fan, mounted on a long rod and decorated with the image of a squatting prisone r U(').nder
Left End of priest Iounmoutef's speech
Right Despite the absence of the next block, this scene is relatively clear: it is the ritual destruction of enemies by fire.
311 Hatshepsut and Seshat stretch the line
Foundation ritual scenes
The queen, facing right, is placed just in front of the goddess Seshat. Both make exactly the same gesture: they plant a stake in the ground, hitting it with a mallet Between the two stakes, the cord is stretched.
Block 311 109 72 161
This text is written in retrograde order, because it is turned in the direction of the characters but against the direction of movement of the Middlespectator.Under the leadership of Thoth, the prophets and their servants (below), a divine wife and her servant (above) are on their way to the "Large Room"
Thoutmosis III prie devant Amon Min Thoutmosis III présente à Amon une table chargée d’offrandes
The goddess has her usual costume, a sticky dress covered with animal skin. She wears the long wig on which is fixed, by a band, her characteristic emblem: a flower (?) With seven petals surmounted by two large horns Ç. overturned (1).
With this torch, the divine wife will light the altar fire.
Block 194 147 37
Right a priest and a priestess who face each other. The priest, turned to the right, wears the round wig and the short loincloth. His title is inscribed before him "Divine Father". The priestess, turned to the left, wears the characteristic costume of divine wives, before her, her Abovetitle.
Vestibule nord
109 Holding a ‘houe’ with both hands, Hatshepsut pickaxe the earth
72 Hatshepsout molds a brick
The manufacture of raw clay bricks. The queen is on her knees, on a mat. She holds, with her right hand, the brick mold, by the handle placed at one of the angles. Of course, the handle is shown in profile, in Egyptian perspective. With her left hand, she cups the earth in the rectangular mold. Queen wears shento with tail, necklace 161 Amonit hugs Hatshepsut against her
Red Chapel Hatshepsut 13 Open Air Museum124
2 X Thot ihiocéphale is dressed in the short loincloth and girded with a transverse strip as wear it the priests readers (iiry ibt). Like them too, he is holding in his hand a roll of papyrus. Before him, his name: "The master of Hermopolis, in his functions (I)
Block 308
le vestibule de vestibule nord, assise 7 489. Thoutmosis III prie devant Amon-Min 490. Thoutmosis III présente à Amon une table chargée d’offrandes bloc 308 sanctuaire nord, assise 2 532.Fin du discours du prêtre Iounmoutef 540 à 543. Sous la conduite de Thot, des prophètes et de leurs serviteurs (en bas), une épouse-divine et sa servante (en haut) sont en marche vers la « Salle Large 544 à 547. En bas, un prêtre tend un éventail à une prêtresse. En haut, un prêtre tend une torche à une prêtresse pour allumer l’autel-à-feu bloc 194 bloc 147 bloc 37 162 le vestibule de la chapelle scènes du rituel de fondation vestibule nord, assise 2 424.Hatshepsout et Seshat tendent le cordeau 426.Tenant une houe deux mains, Hatshepsout pioche la terre 427 à 430. Hatshepsout moule une brique 436.Amonit serre Hatshepsout contre elle bloc 311 bloc 109 bloc 72 bloc 161
2ND REGISTER blocks 142 and 22 Entering and leaving the palace of the god 1687 / bloc 48 Offering of the lotus and papyrus 1685 / block 164 Give the milk 1684 / block 280) 1683 / block 286 Ointment iber offering 1682 / block 266) 1681
7TH REGISTER block 67 Give milk 1708 / block 129) 1707 / / block 255) 1706
3RD REGISTER block 52) 1516 / blocks 52 and 283 Montée royale 1517 / blocks 283 and 103 Royal purification 1518 / block 103 Stop at the temple of Amun 1519
2ND REGISTER block 295 Give the lettuce 1511 / block 184 Give the pain chât 1512 / block 35 Give fresh water 1513 / block 222 Complete incense 1514
4TH REGISTER block 312 Purify the offering table 1521 / block 144 Worship the god four times 1522
Sanctuary south Block 129
Hatshepsout makes an offering to the god "Eventail ?" and to three goddesses, Renenoutet, Tenenout and Iounyt Block 67
Hatshepsut offers two vases of water to three deities, aspects of Amon: Amon Ré in Karnak, in Thebes / Amon Re, in his palaces Amon, master of thrones of the Two Lands, in Karnak, in Thebes Block 136
le sanctuaire de la chapelle sanctuaire sud, assise 7 552 à 556. Hatshepsout fait une offrande au dieu « Éventail » et à trois déesses, Renenoutet, Tenenout et Iounyt bloc 129 254 le sanctuaire de la chapelle parement sud sanctuaire sud, assise 7 548 551. Hatshepsout offre deux vases de lait et des offrandes aux divinités Hebyou suivies de la déesse Ouaset et du dieu A bloc 67 244 le sanctuaire de la chapelle parement sud sanctuaire sud, assise 4 592.Horus et Nephtys 591.Shou, Atoum et Montou 589-590. Min, Amonit et Amon bloc 276 bloc 28bloc 148 242 le sanctuaire de la chapelle parement sud 647.Hatshepsout offre deux vases d’eau à trois divinités, aspects d’Amon 246 le sanctuaire de la chapelle parement sud 617 à 619. Hatshepsout, manquante, consacre à la barque d’Amon, en station sur le Grand Siège les offrandes énumérées dans le tableau 253 232 239 209 98 129255 67 175 309 223 258 244 156 163 136 99 18 148 276 28 29 312 144 275 36 304 190 52 283 103 266 286 164 48 143 44 142 56 151 49 213 Offer 3 Amon Goden Barken> Goden
Hatshepsut, missing, consecrates to the boat of Amon, stationed on the Great See, the offerings listed in the table This type of panel with 24 (here 22!) boxes is well attested, from the 18th dynasty. It often appears, like here, next to the divine boat.
Left Horus et Nephtys (Nephtys in Karnak, Thebes)
3RD REGISTER block 304) 1691 / block 36) 1690 / block 101 Give the wine 1689 / block 275 Give fresh water 1688
8TH REGISTER bloc 188 Offer honey 1717 / bloc 188 Offering of vases 1716 / bloc 206 Offer wine 1715 / block 206 Offering of buckets 1714 / block 232) 1713 / block 232 Offer a vertebral column 1712 / blocs 253 and 232 Offer the pedeset pellet (?) 1711 / bloc 253 Give the khepech 1710 / Scene 09.o (block 253) 1709
7TH REGISTER block 55 Accolade 1533 / block 55 Give milk 1534
5TH REGISTER block 18 Incense and give milk 1698 / block 99 Give the necklace ousekh 1697 / block 136 Offerings to the boat of Amon 1696
6TH REGISTER block 244 Give the wine 1705 / block 271 Give the wine 1704 / block 258 Give milk 1702 / block 122 Offering of wine 1701 / block 223 Give fresh water 1700 / blocks 175 and 309 Give the wine 1699
8TH REGISTER Scene 2.o (block 239 Giving the wine 1537 / Scene 3.o (block 209 Giving the great offering 1538 / Scene 4.o (block 98 Performing incense and making the offering of divine offerings 1539
5TH REGISTER block 59) 1523 / block 59 Accolade 1524 / block 267 Give fresh water 1525 / block 150 Hit the chosen pieces 1526 / block 150 Seize the fresh water and race royale 1527
Vestibule
4TH REGISTER block 182) 1695 / block 28) 1694 / block 276) 1693 / block 148) 1692
Red Chapel Hatshepsut 13 Open Air Museum125
Sanctuary
6TH REGISTER block 14 Accolade 1528 / block 39 Bringing the god to his offerings 1529 / block 108 Summon 1530 / block 156 Clear footprints 1531 / block 163 Consecrate the offerings 1532
Hatshepsout offers two vases of milk and offerings to the Hebyou deities followed by the goddess Ouaset and the god Ames ” Block 148 276 28
Innerside south
Middle Shou, Atoum et Montou / Right Min, Amonit et Amon Block 36
Block 103
le vestibule de vestibule sud, assise 3 466 à 471. En présence de Ouadjyt et de Nekhbet, Hatshepsout est purifiée par Horus et Thot 464.Hatshepsout se dirige vers le Grand Château d’Amon bloc 283 bloc 103 192 le vestibule de la chapelle vestibule est, assise 1 vestibule est, assise 4 510 et 518. Texte rituel qui met aux pieds d’Amon toute la création 512. Thoutmosis III offre deux vases de lait Amon 512. Thoutmosis III offre deux vases de lait à Amon bloc 133 bloc 247 bloc 205 178 le vestibule de la chapelle vestibule sud, assise 4 460-461. Hatshepsout rappelle ce qu’elle a fait en l’honneur d’Amonit, en particulier une barque portative 463.Hatshepsout présente deux petits autels et une table chargée de vases à Amon-Min 455.Hatshepsout prie devant Amon bloc 29 bloc 312 bloc 144 vestibule nord vestibule sud 253 232 209 98 314 175 309 223 258 172 244 137 17 14 39 156 163 136 99 139 267 150 247 29 312 144 275 36 304 190 52 283 103 266 286 164 184 222 55 59 35 56 151 49 213 77239 227 310 224 231 238 191 254 105299308153 15 162 193257 174 155 256 248 31 284 205 46 149 158 118 311 10972 161 63 287 54 194 14737 38 30 187 240 +161.5
In the presence of Ouadjyt and Nekhbet, Hatshepsout is purified by Horus and Thot The Queen receives the great purification from the hands of Florus and Thoth. On the right and on the left of the stage, the two goddesses Ouadjit and Nekhbet each present the palm of the years. This well known scene always takes place before entering the sanctuary ('). The sovereign, coming from outside, needs to be completely purified. The two streams of water cross over his head, surrounding him, to the right and to the left, and thus dissipating all the bad influences that he may have contracted outside.
Vestibule south
Red Chapel Hatshepsut
Hatshepsout presents two small altars and a table laden with vases at Amon Block 144
Hatshepsout heads for the Grand Chateau d'Amon The queen is on her way to go to her father Amon's “Grand Château”. This kind of scene is almost always located at the beginning of the register. The right end of the block 1 03 was shortened, voluntarily or by accident. On the back of the block is a tail dovetail, just at the bottom of the break. It therefore lacks, at least, ten centimeters, the dovetails are never placed near the corners of the blocks. Like blocks L6 and io3 are hanging, we can think that, behind the queen, in the broken part of block 103, we had to have the Ka sign holder, as on block 46, and, perhaps, a line of text. On block u 03, the queen holds, with the right hand, the math cane and, from the left, she squeezes the and the club, held horizontally and passing behind the body, which is the rule when the character is turned to the left, as here. What exactly is the “Grand Chateau” of Amon? There can be no question, as we have seen of identifying this "Great Castle" with our own sanctuary. It must be the building of Thoutmes III, the Akh menu, which, indeed, is several times designated like t ~. But is this a general designation, or is it one of the proper names of the building?
Block 283
Thoutmosis III offre deux vases de lait à Amon Block 205
Block 29 460 461. Hatshepsut recalls what she did in honor of Amonit, in particular a portable boat "[The Queen built an arch for Amonit] in order to make the Majesty go in procession this goddess in her exit outside, following (a) this august god, Amon, master of thrones des Deux Terres, at each of the early season festivals (b) and major festivals (c) that Her Majesty (the queen) instituted again for her father Amon, whereas this ark (d) of the Majesty of this great goddess was in her inventory since the origin of the earth and she had never been outside. (Now, here it is) it appeared and began to shine for the benefit of the king of Upper and Lower Egypt, Makaré, because she (g) loves him more than any king Queen) has devoted many offering tables to her in silver, gold and bronze, inlaid (h) with all kinds of precious stones; she introduced him a great divine offering; [. . . 2 lines ...] the daughter of Ra, Hatshepsout, may she live forever Block 312
Texte rituel qui met aux pieds d’Amon toute la creation toute vie, toute _stabilité et tout bonheur, toute santé et toute joie. toutes les terres, lous les pays étrangers sont aux pieds d'Amon, maître des trónes des Deux Terres, (lui) qu'im-plórent tous les rékhyt (a) pour qu'ils vivent (b) des millions (d'années) (c), pour l'éternité (d))).
Block 247
Block 133
Thoutmosis III offre deux vases de lait à Amon
Hatshepsut prays before Amun
Red Chapel Hatshepsut 13 Open Air Museum127
Third door of Thutmose III (eastern door, east facing), "Great is the Power of Amun"
Three portals
First door of Thutmose III (western door, east facing), "Illustrious is the Prosperity of Amun"
Second door of Thutmose III (inner door, west facing), "Stable are the Favors from Amon"
White Chapel Sesostris I 13 Open Air Museum128
9, ) .IIAIIA.ff? f'é.' Pl. UNE CHAPELLE DE SESOSTRIS I•' Pl. 8 P E 1{ SP E C T E T H 0 R Q U E ET ST R U CT U R A L E <?------ -1-<r---<(- -+1-----------,.\-----------------+---------------i----<;>----?;------------r: , w PLA); D ES A 1\ C H 1T 1\ A V ES -9 t--7 --t--TI-++---;------;-H--F-==- ---ri !d____ ! r-" 1--++---+----y 1---++--+-------t u +---·--4-----r:-------r---1---++--+---+ 1. 1--++-+--+ ' 1 :: A-b--1 _!!!! +- _!1151 P L 1\ D ES D A L ES D E C 0 C V E RT U E
White Chapel Sesostris I
The white chapel may originally have functioned as a festival kiosk where the king could sit on a double thrown. Holes in the floor between the four central columns indicate the use of poles to hang banners hiding the king from the public eyes. One scholar has suggested that after the end of the jubilee festival, statues of the king were placed in the kiosk to sit on the double throne.
C
The white chapel was a small limestone bark shrine built by one of the earliest known kings to add to the temple of Amun Ra at Karnak. The shrine has four interior pillars surrounded by a peristyle of twelve pillars. Its decoration records the jubilee (heb sed) festival of Senusret I in raised relief. Some traces of yellow paint still exist on the structure's cornices; red, blue, and white paint traces can be found on the columns and hieroglyphs. The sunk relief scenes on the east and west sides of the chapel’s base depict personifications of the Nile, lakes and other chapels. The north and south sides of the base record the nomes (the regional areas of ancient Egypt) and their measurements. Now located in the Open Air Museum at Karnak, scholars debate where the temple once stood in Antiquity. During the Middle Kingdom, the shrine may have remained outside the temple’s inner enclosure wall. The building was oriented on a North South direction, with a stepped ramp on each side.
Measurements: The columns all measure 2.6m height and are 0.6m across and 0.6m deep. The platform on which the columns rest is 1.2m high and almost square at 6.8m by 6.5m.
The king dismantled the white chapel during his renovation of the area around the festival hall of Thutmose II and used it as fill in his newly constructed Pylon III. http://sith.huma num.fr/karnak/1027
Construction materials: limestone
During the reign of 12th Dynasty kings Amenemhat III or Amenemhat IV, the white chapel was converted into a bark shrine. The altar within the chapel today (not shown on the model) is of rose granite and probably dates to this time. Despite the change in function, the shrine probably remained in its original location, later subsumed within the festival hall of Thutmose II.
The chapel is made of limestone. There are two entrances facing each other and the chapel has sixteen columns. In the inscriptions, the pharaoh is crowned and embraced by the gods Amun, Horus, Min and Ptah. On the walls is a row of inscriptions mentioning the nomen. On the western wall the nomen of Upper Egypt and on the eastern those of Lower Egypt. In the center of the chapel is a pedestal on which a
Destruction: Amenhotep III
Heb Sed
Forme I Figure 2. Formes non-ithyphalliques d'Amon. D'après Lacau / Chevrier, 1969, pl. 37, XXVIII et 28 Forme II Forme III Forme IV tier. Nous pouvons systématiser tout ceci dans Blanche est le génésique, fertilisant, et dans FormeVFormeVIFormeVII Figure 3. Formes ithyphalliques d'Amon. D'après Lacau / Chevrier (1969), pl. XXIII, XXVII et 27 Tableau 2. Les formes d'Amon ithyphallique
Pillar 3.s / 13: Exit of the god 1073 / 15: Give fresh water 1076 / 17: Give the milk 1075 / 23: Offering of lettuce 1074
Pillar 2.n 12: Knocking the offering tables four times 1108
Pillar 5.n / 14 ’: Devoting White Bread 1058 / 16 ’: Worshiping the god four times 1061 / 18 ’: Hit four times 1060 / 24 ’: Offering of the nu vases 1059
Pillar 3.n / 14: Exit of the god 1078 / 16: Gift of Life 1081 / 18: Give the wine 1080 / 24: Onion Offering 1079
Pillar 6.s / 19 ’: Worshiping the god four times 1063 / 21 ’: Accolade 1066 / 25 ’: Accolade 1064 / 29 ’: Worshiping Amon on the terrace 1065
Pillars
Pillar 8.s / 11 ’: Hand over the oucheret vase 1043 / 1 ’: Worshiping the god four times 1045 / 27 ’: Royal Montée 1044 / 9 ’: Hit four times 1042
White Chapel Sesostris I 13 Open Air Museum129
Pillar 5.s / 13 ’: Giving the Pain Châtea 1052 / 15 ’: Worshiping the god four times 1055 / 17 ’: Give the cool water 1054 / 23 ’: Offering of the nu vases 1053
Pillar 2.n / 10: Gift of Life 1107 / 12: Knocking the offering tables four times 1108 / 2: Gift of Life 1110 / 28: Royal Ascent 1109
Pillar 6.n / 20 ’: Worshiping the god four times 1068 / 22 ’: Performing incense 1071 / 26 ’: Accolade 1069 / 30 ’: Worshiping the god four times 1070
Pillar 7.n / 4 ’: Royal Montée 1038 / 6 ’: Accolade 1039 / 8 ’: Foundation of the mast of the Sehenet 1040
Pillar 1.n / 4: Appearance of the royal statue 1098 / 6: Gift of Life 1099 / 8: Give the bread chestnut
Pillar 4.n / 20: Offering of lettuce 1088 / 22: Give the wine 1091 / 26: Hit four times 1089 / 30: Give the bread châtea 4.s1090pillar / 19: Give incense 1083 / 21: Give fresh water 1086 / 25: Hit the chosen pieces four times 1084 / 29: Dedicate the white bread 1085
Pillar1100 1.s / 3: Entering and exiting the palace of the god 1093 / 5: Gift of Life 1095 / 7: Give the Bread Chat 1096
Pillar 2.s / 1: Gift of Life 1105 / 11: Hit four times 1103 / 27: Royal Ascent 1104 / 9: Gift of Life 1102
Pillar 1.s 3: Entering and exiting the palace of the god 1093
Pillar 8.n / 10 ’: Raising the mast of the Séhénet 1047 / 12 ’: Hand over the vase djeseret 1048 / 28 ’: Raising the White Chapel 1049 / 2 ’: Worshiping the god four times 1050
Pillar 7.s / 3 ’: Royal Montée 1036 / 5 ’: Accolade 1035 / 7 ’: Gift of Life 1034
Pillar 1.s 3: Entering and exiting the palace of the god 1093
East facade
KAPEL AAN VOORZIJDE 3214 http://sith.huma num.fr/karnak/3214
Bark Chapel Thoutmosis IV 13 Open Air Museum130
This chapel repository of Thutmose IV was discovered reused in two pylons of Karnak. Large fragments were first excavated from the Second Pylon in 1917, then between 1922 and 1954 other blocks were extracted from the Third Pylon.
EastAmountsscene: Bringing in and depositing purified offerings KIU3217 West scene: Introducing and depositing purified offerings KIU3216 Basement is KIU3248 West basement KIU3247
North face 1st Sceneregister1.n:Royal appearance KIU3218 / Scene 2.n: Worshiping the god four times KIU3219 Scene 3.n: Incense KIU3220 / Scene 4.n: Give fresh water KIU3221 Scene 5.n: Introducing and depositing the purified offerings KIU3222
Marginal column KIU3249
1st Sceneregister1.n:Consecrate the white bread KIU3233 / Scene 2.n: Giving the onions KIU3234 Scene 3.n: Worshiping the god KIU3235 / Scene 4.n: Giving lettuce KIU3236
South wall
2nd Sceneregister1.n:Gift of life KIU3229 / Scene 2.n: Worshiping the god four times KIU3230 Scene 3.n: Performing incense KIU3231 / Scene 4.n: Giving the milk KIU3232
Bark Chapel Thoutmosis IV D
2nd Sceneregister1.n:Gift of life KIU3223 / Scene 2.n: Offering of divine offerings KIU3224
Datation: XVIIIe dynastie / Thoutmosis IV Matière : Calcite.
North wall
2nd Sceneregister1.n:Accolade KIU3237
Scene 2.n: Offering required offerings, carrying and collecting offerings KIU3238
South face 1st Sceneregister1.n:Gift of life KIU3225 / Scene 2.n: Performing incense KIU3226 Scene 3.n: Giving the wine KIU3227 / Scene 4.n: Giving fresh water KIU3228
Marginal column scene KIU3245
1st Sceneregister1.n:Greeting with the vase nemset KIU3239 / Scene 2.n: Performing incense KIU3240 Scene 3.n: Placing the ointment medjet KIU3241 / Scene 4.n KIU3242
2nd Sceneregister1.n:Accolade KIU3243 / Scene 2.n: Offer the required offerings KIU3244
Marginal column scene KIU3246
Lintel KIU3215
It was probably located in the space occupied by the "festive courtyard" of Thutmose II and the porticoed courtyard of Thutmose IV ( 2775), where it was associated with the calcite chapel of Thutmose III ( 3038). During the reign of Amenhotep III, the decoration left unfinished under Thutmose IV was continued without being fully completed, before the monument was dismantled and partially reused in the Third Pylon. Anastylosis was performed between 1995 and 1996 at the Open Air Museum by teams from the Franco Egyptian Center for the Study of the Temples of Karnak. The organization of the m onument follows its current position.
Bark Chapel Thoutmosis III 13 Open Air Museum131
Bark Chapel Thoutmosis III
East Northfacadeamount Scene: Running KIU3040
2nd Sceneregister1:Royal climb KIU3066 / Scene 2 KIU3065 / Scene 3 KIU7063 / Scene 4 KIU3064 / Scene 5: Offering of wine KIU3063
south face 2nd register Scene KIU3045
north wall 1st Sceneregister1:Royal Race KIU3047 / Scene 2 KIU3048 / Scene 3 KIU3049 Scene 4: Perform incense KIU3050 / Scene 5 KIU3051 / Scene 6: Libation Scene2ndKIU3052register1KIU3053
/ Scene 2: Offering required offerings, carrying and collecting offerings KIU3054 Scene 3 KIU3055 / Scene 4 KIU3056
D'
CHAPEL AT BACK 3038 http://sith.huma num.fr/karnak/3038
climb KIU3062 / Scene 2 KIU3061 / Scene 3: Royal Race SceneKIU30604:Offering of flowers KIU3059 / Scene 5: Worship the god four times KIU3058 / Scene 6 KIU3057
Ceiling KIU3067
West facade Door Scene1stnorthKIU3039faceregister1:Royal
The calcite chapel of Thutmose III was initially erected in the "courtyard of celebrations" of Thutmose II, in front of the IVth pylon, and served as a resting place for the sacred bark of Amun along the processional axis. It presents several phases of work between the reigns of Thutmose III and Thutmose IV, before its dismantling under Amenhotep III. Its fragments were discovered reused in various places of the temple of Karnak. After a first fragment discovered in 1912 in the foundations of the niche of Ramses I of the south mole of the second pylon, a large fragmentary wall of the west wall was found against the north wall of the ninth pylon by G. Legrain, in 1914. Between 1922 and 1954, several blocks were then released from the filling of the third pylon by M. Pillet and H. Chevrier. The anastylosis of the monument began in 2010 in the Open Air Museum, it was completed in 2016 with the reassembly of the 76 tonne ceiling slab in 2016. The organization of the monument follows its current position.
south wall 1st damper KIU3043 / 2nd damper KIU3044
The chapel of Amenhotep I was a roofed rectangular structure made of large blocks of calcite with access doors on its short sides. The interior relief scenes are the oldest surviving depictions of the sacred bark of the statue of the god Amun Ra of Karnak. Each of the chapel's exterior sides were decorated with a single scene related to temple festivals. The chapel has been reconstructed in modern times in the "open air museum" at Karnak.
I Three scenes, 1 King embraced by Amon, / 2 offering list and bark on stand, / 3 King kneeling with two vases.
South side
Amenhotep I built the chapel as a ritual space to house the bark of Amun Ra. Wooden doors on the shrine's short ends could be closed to protect the sanctity of the god. Left incomplete by Amenhotep I, the decoration on the chapel's south wall was finished by Thutmose I. The chapel may have stood in the so called "Middle Kingdom Court," serving as the main bark shrine for the portable bark of Amun Ra. Construction materials: white calcite ("Egyptian alabaster"), wood Measurements: The chapel is 3.6m across, 6.75m deep, and 4.5m high. Found in III pylon, 4 layers of alabaster blocks
Thutmose III may have dismantled or moved the shrine, building an identical calcite chapel near the seventh pylon. The king g ave his new shrine the same name as the shrine of Amenhotep I. Where the Amenhotep I chapel was placed at this time is unknown. In the reign of Amenhotep III, the calcite chapel was used as fill in the king's construction of the third pylon. The blocks of this chapel for the sacred bark of Amen, built by King Amenhotep I, were found in the north between the year 1922 and 1927. and the chapel itself was reconstructed in this place in 1947.Its original position in the temple precinct is unknown, but probably it was originally at the s chapel of Thutmosis III on the east side of the sacred lake as the names of these two buildings are similar. The decoration of the chapel was completed by Amenhotep I except on the south exterior which was finished by Thutmosis I. The chapel, or bark repository itself, is depicted on two blocks from the Red Chapel of Hatshepsut. Inscriptions on the chapel doorway refer to the materials used in its construction. The alabaster came from Hatnub in Middle Egypt, while the wood and bronze for the doors came from Asia. In the interior the reliefs depict the sacred bark of amen on the upper part of the walls. Below, the King presents offering to Amen. On the exterior scenes of the ritual for the god are shown. Particularly noticeable is the beautiful style in which the hieroglyphs and figures, particularly those of the king, are carved. The style is quite different from that known on limestone blocks of the same period.
28 Le reposoir d’Amenhotep parement extérieur du côté sud 30 Le reposoir d’Amenhotep Ier : registre supérieur du parement interne du côté sud
Three scenes (left to right), King with Amon: 1 with ka, driving four calves, / 2 running with flap and oar, / 3 erecting sftnt. East and west doorways. Amenophis I. Jambs, dedication texts.
Bark Chapel Amenhotep I 13 Open Air Museum132
Hatshepsut may have moved the bark from the central area of the temple to a position along the southern festival processional, just south east of her new pylon (pylon eight). In its place she erected her own bark shrine, the "red chapel."
North side
Three scenes, right to left, King with Amon; 1 with ka, consecrating victims, / 2 running with ftes vases, / 3 consecrating offerings.
Hatshepsut
North side. Two registers, left to right.
II Four scenes, King with Amon: 1 with nemset vase, / 2 with formula, / 3 consecrating offerings, / 4 offering bread.
Thutmose III
Bark Chapel Amenhotep I E
Thutmose IV's portal site was originally located in front of the west side of the IV pylon and was the interior layout of the "Tutmosis II Feastyard" (247). The calcite chapels of Amenhotep I and Thutmose I (175), Thutmoses III (3038) and Thutmose IV (3214) were included in this monument. After partially modifying it, Amenhotep III disassembled part of the portal to build the Third Pylon. The blocks were then used to fill the new monument. Conducted between 1928 and 1968, they had the teams of the Franco Egyptian Center for the Study of the Temples of Karnak perform the anastylosis of the court between 1988 and 2004. The unassembled part of Amenhotep III is still in its original location in the forecourt of the IV pylon. The latter is treated separately (1193). The pillars 13 and 15, not reassembled, as well as scattered blocks that can be attributed to the monument, are not taken into account at this stage.
pylon and court to the west of pylon IV, creating a new western entrance to the temple and linking the north/south and east/west processional routes at the site of the court. The construction of this court enclosed the obelisks of Thutmose I and probably the "white chapel" of Senusret I and the limestone chapel of Amenhotep I. Construction materials: limestone Measurements: The pylon towers were theoretically reconstructed to measure 55m by 10m at each base. The court area would have covered 73m by 38m (deep).
Remains of the stone pylons and court doorways have been found at Karnak and provide some information on the original appearance of this area. Some of these were reconstructed at Karnak and can be seen in the Open Air ThutmoseMuseum.IIbuilthis
F 2018 > 6394
Hatshepsut erected the pair of obelisks commissioned by Thutmose II. Construction materials: red granite Thutmose III erected a third pair of obelisks, between those of Thutmose I and Thutmose II. Construction materials: rose granite Amenhotep II added a small white alabaster chapel between the obelisks of Thutmose I. Construction materials: calcite ("Egyptian alabaster") Thutmose IV adorned the court with a double peristyle of square pillars and small alabaster shrine. Construction materials: sandstone, calcite ("Egyptian alabaster")
porteB porte C agrandie porte A porte E porte D accès escaliers paroi B FparoiEparoiA2chapelle pylônepetitduestmôle nordchapelle chapelle sud chapellenord chapellesud porche doré 157 paroi H nordchambranle sudchambranle paroi J pylônepetitduouestmôle 3739 3031283436354338404142323321272625191816 T3 T1 T1 T2-H T2-H môle nord du pylône môle sud du pylône paroi A CparoiparoiD paroi87G 711 85 719 92 560 449 707169562 563 72 91 74 6879 7683082 417 12345621810914117573767reposoir T4 reposoir T3 A1reposoir môle nord du pylône disparu môle sud du pylône disparu 450 825 89 78716 468 9798 56186 88 T3 Amenhotep b ThoutmosisMaâkarê III b Amenhotep AmenhotepThoutmosisIIIVIII 21 Le plan restitué de la cour sous le règne d’Amenhotep IIIa 660 1117
2019 > 952
The pylon (and "festival court") originally stood to the west of the fourth pylon. These structures were completed destroyed by later construction at the site and can no longer be seen in their original location at Karnak. A number of kings made architectural additions to the hall, most of which also disappeared during the reworking of the area.
Festival Court Thoutmosis IV 13 Open Air Museum133
Festival Court Thoutmosis IV 6415 9608
Pylon Festival Court Thutmose II
Destruction: Amenhotep III Amenhotep III demolished the pylon and the western side of the court in order to construct the third pylon. His new pylon was situated east of the Thutmose II pylon, shrinking the area of the court between the temple's entrance and the fourth pylon. The western half of the pillared peristyle of Thutmose IV was disassembled. Four pillars from the peristyle were discovered in the northeast corner of this smaller court, suggesting that the eastern peristyle may have remained. The obelisks of Thutmose II were removed and their bases were incorporated into the third pylon. The pillars of the peristyle, Thutmose IV's shrine, the Amenhotep II shrine, the "white chapel" of Senusret I and the limestone chapel of Amenhotep I were all used as fill in the new pylon.
Wall A
classified with the hieroglyph 'bull' (El), signaling that the lexeme belongs to the semantic category [BIG_CATTLE]. hardly visible at the scale of a hieroglyphic sign. Indeed, the deformation of horns of castrated oxen is not uncommon in Eas
architrave disparue encastrée dans la paroi A 5 La paroi ouest A de la cour à portique de Thoutmosis IV adossée au môle nord du pylône disparu
2942 Saisir l’eau fraîche et course royale 2943
2e 2947registre
Festival Court Thoutmosis IV 13 Open Air Museum135
Prendre le pas de course 2951 Consacrer les offrandes divines 2952 Donner le vin 3033 Scène Ante sud
2945 Adorer le dieu quatre fois 2946 Accomplir l’encensement et la libation
Adorer le dieu quatre fois 2948 Donner le vin 2949 Don de la vie Mout
2944 Donner les fleurs renepet
2950
Festival Court Thoutmosis IV 13 Open Air Museum136 Thoutmosis IV 8657 1. Parement est de la paroi B adossée au môle sud du pylône disparu Wall B
2959 Adorer le dieu quatre fois 2960 Montée royale 2961 Attribuer les monuments
2957 Donner le vin / 2958
architrave disparue encastrée dans la paroi
/ 2963 Offrande de l’onguent medjet
2954 Frapper quatre fois les coffres meret 2955 Donner le lait / 2956
Liste des offrandes
Festival Court Thoutmosis IV 13 Open Air Museum137
Les offrandes, Premier registre d’offrandes, Au dessus des
2962Auarchitecturauxélémentsdessusdelabarque
2964 Consacrer le pain blanc
Festival Court Thoutmosis IV 13 Open Air Museum138
2965 Donner le vase djeseret 2966 / 2967 2968 Donner le pain chât 2969 Offrande de la laitue 2970 Encensement 3034 Inscription sous l’architrave 3035 Scène Ante nord 3036 Bandeau de texte
2972 Saluer avec le vase nemset / 2982 ? / 2973 Accomplir l’encensement / 2983 ?
1er royale2971registreMontée
2e registr; 2974 ? / 2975 Adorer le dieu quatre fois / 2976 Don de la vie / 2977 Encensement / 2978 Donner l’onguent medjet / 2979 ? / 2980 Offrande du pain blanc / 2981 ? Extrémité ouest 2984 / 2986
Porte est, montant est / 2990 Don de la vie et accolade / 3270 Scène extrémité est / 2989 Porte est, montant ouest / 2988 Porte extrémité ouest, 1er registre / 2987 Scène extrémité ouest, 2e registre : Don de la vie
7 La paroi nord C de la cour à portique de Thoutmosis IV 7 La paroi nord C de la cour à portique de Thoutmosis IV
Festival Court Thoutmosis IV 13 Open Air Museum139 Wall C
Festival Court Thoutmosis IV 13 Open Air Museum140
Wall E sud F
1er registre; 2992 Purification du temple avec du natron / 2993 fondation : tendre le cordeau / 2994 Faire l’encensement 2e registre; 3314 ? / 2995 Donner le lait / 2996 ? / 2998 Scène Ante ouest 2997 Scène Bandeau
2999 Donner les fleurs-renepet= 3001 Scène Ante est 3000 Bandeau de texte
Wall F
Wall nord D / est G
Porte ouest 2985 Porte ouest 2991 Scène Ante ouest
Wall E
Presentation of bouquets Support E against Pylon Hatsjepsoet Support F against pylon TII Hat Scene 3 Incensing Scene 4 Line Alignment Scene 5 Temple Purification Scene 6 Consecration of white bread Scene 7 Offering of Vases of Milk
3. The outer arm of the god or goddess falls alongside the body, the hand holding the ankh.
The jubilee pillars
Having said that, four different actions of the king and three different actions of the god are performed. with the other arms:
Pillars
Festival Court Thoutmosis IV 13 Open Air Museum141
These square pillars, which were crowned with a grooved capital, belong to a very fixed type, particularly popular in the 18th Dynasty. The decor is always organized according to the same rules and displays the same themes, which does not exclude detail variations. The texts at the base of the decor are alternately jubilee mentions and references to the sovereign's domination over territories and peoples 393. The jubilee texts of the pillars of Thutmose IV generally make allusion to the first celebration of the sed festival; but on three of these works, one of the faces bears the mention of its renewal (sp tpμ wÌm Ìb sd the pillar n30 has only one side with inscription jubilee and it was the subject of a slight rework at a certain time (laying of low walls?), but the other two (n21 and n22) display sed party formulas on their four faces and both formulations coexist, without being able to highlight a reworking of the tekst or even the face at any time.
Foundations and unconnected fragments belonging to one or the other of these two categories suggest that this number of forty two must be increased by a few units; But as it is often difficult to know if a particular block or such unconnected fragment belongs to a pillar incomplete already existing or to a new pillar, we cannot yet provide a precise .
These pillars will be defined here as south pillars (s) and north pillars (n) and, within these two sets, ordered in a somewhat artificial way, following a logic of similarity. He was, in indeed, impossible to assign to each its exact place. A configuration, which we reproduce and justify further, was adopted for the reconstruction of the building in the Lapidary Museum, but it would be very surprising that it reproduces one hundred percent the original layout.
3. He holds a cane in an upright position, which passes in front of the body of the deity.
Forty two square pillars of the courtyard have been reconstructed, at least partially. Thirty five of them, whose elements are taken from the third pylon, belong to the western half of the monument. The foundations of the other seven, found on the surface or buried at a shallow depth, come from the northeast corner of the square of the fourth pylon: they were reworked by the Ramesside rulers, from the reign of Séthy I.
Classification of pillars of thutmosis iv according to the decoration
1. The very majority group in which, on all decorated faces, the king faces the divinity, generally Amon, who is always the walking Amun, never the ithyphallic god. It should be pointed out that, in only two cases, and on one side, the deity welcoming the king is the goddess Mut (s15, n36).
2. His arm is stretched out obliquely and slightly bent and he is holding a bundle of three ankhs.
1. The king puts his hand on the god's shoulder.
On the other hand,
With the exception of three southern pillars, these pillars are decorated on all four sides. We can classify them in three categories:
1. The god supports the king's elbow with his hand.
It was nevertheless possible to distribute the majority of these pillars between the two southern zones. and north. The first selection criterion was, of course, the dominant presence on a number of pillars, i.e. red crowns or white crowns. But this option did not give a complete result. satisfactory, certain pillars, especially those who occupy privileged positions with one side decorated with a single king, displaying the two types of crowns (n17, n30, n33), while on others, the king mostly wore atef crowns or feathered headdresses.
Destribution of pillars
2. A second group of five pillars, one of which belongs to the northeast part of the redesigned courtyard. in the Ramesside period, presents on one side the king alone, in heroic size (n30, n31, n33, n34 and n41). In addition, this decoration reproduces specific rites. Two of these pillars, which bear the same scene, appear to have been placed on either side of an axis (n33 n34). But that doesn't make their location easier. A sixth pillar, awkwardly re engraved, also coming from of the collapsed area near the northwest corner of the 4th pylon, of which only two beds remain very damaged, seems to have had two opposite sides decorated with a single king (n42).
4. His arm is hanging out and his hand is empty.
3. An isolated pillar has on one of its faces two columns of text adjoining a boss: the titulature of the king faces there the epithets of Amun (n16). Unfortunately, this corner pillar is incomplete and did not retain its upper and lower foundations.
2. He holds out the ankh in the direction of the nostril of the sovereign.
Festival Court Thoutmosis IV 13 Open Air Museum142 Pillar 01 S W N E Pillar 30 Pillar 19 150 Le pilier 33, moitié nord de la cour Le pilier 21, moitié nord de la cour d. Face nord 86 Le pilier 1, moitié sud de la cour 30 144 Le pilier 30, moitié nord de la cour a. Face sud b. Face est c. Face nord d. Face ouest 19 1 m 8 cm/m 122 Le pilier 19, moitié nord de la cour
Chapel Amenhotep II 13 Open Air Museum143
Marginal text KIU5897 / 3rd register Scene 1.n KIU5895 / Scene 2.n: Offering of white bread KIU5896 west face
Marginal text KIU58;94 / 1st register Scene 1.n: Royal ascent KIU5888 / Scene 2.n: Offering of lettuce KIU5889 2nd register; Scene 1.n: Driving the four calves KIU5890 / Scene 2.n: Setting up the divine chapel KIU5891 3rd register; Scene 1.n: Gift of life KIU5892 / Scene 2.n: Offering of bread KIU5893 east wall
Chapel Amenhotep II
Datation: XVIIIe dynastie / Amenhotep II Calcite; Originally stood at spot B.11.i; found in Pylon III NOW NOW, (fake) obelisks have been placed on both sides Different way of stacking Amenhotep II + Red crown on right door frame False lintel /
http://sith.huma5875 num.fr/karnak/5875
South facade
1st register; Scene 1.o: Royal appearance KIU5876 / Scene 2.o: Royal appearance KIU5879 2nd register; Scene 1.o: Adoring the god four times KIU5877 / Scene 2.o: Worshiping the god four times KIU5880
1st register Stage: Royal Race KIU5910 north wall Scene 1.o: Accolade KIU5906 / Scene 2.o: Giving the wine KIU5907 / Scene 3.o KIU5908 / Scene 4.o KIU5909 west wall; 1st register; Scene 1.s: Royal race KIU5903 / Scene 2.s KIU5904 / Scene 3.s KIU5905 Interior walls reused by Ramses II west wall
G
Lintel; Scene 1.o: Gift of life KIU5882 / Scene 2.o: Performing incense KIU5883 / Scene 3.o: Give fresh water KIU5884 / Scene 4.o: Giving the wine KIU5885 / Scene 5.o: Performing incense KIU5886 / Scene 6.o: Gift of life KIU5887 Exterior uprights
Abridged version of the first treatise on the marriage of Ramesses II KIU5990 Ceiling KIU5912
3rd register; Scene 1.o: Give fresh water KIU5878 / Scene 2.o: Giving the wine KIU5881 East side
H
Mâhouhy stele
Lintel of Senusret I
?
Foregate of Amenhotep IV
Dating: 19th Dynasty / Seti II (non royal document)
Material: DimensionSandstone(s)H:182 cm, L: 100 cm, Pr: 34 cm.
J
Date of discovery: January 1936. From the appearance of its rear face (H. Ricke, op. Cit., P. 124 126), the stele was originally embedded in a wall before being probably reused as part of a single door. later period. In the hanger, several graffiti are engraved near the faces of the characters. The inscription in the middle part mentions the creation of a new aviary for Amon Re by Seti II. The lower register has largely disappeared. It contained a representation of the first prophet of Amon Mâhouhy, kneeling in the attitude of worship, as well as several columns of text of which only the beginning remains. The cartridges are original.
I
Door of an ointment storeroom 13 Open Air Museum144
Part of the Third Pylon’s foregate, which includes a relief of Amenhotep IV, the future Akhenaten
Door of an ointment storeroom. Door post were engraved by Senusret III . Thicknesses were decorated by Sobekemsaf I. Found in Monthu temple at al Madamud.
Door of an ointment storeroom
IMG_1439.HEIC The photo above shows a part of Wall 8 (Gabolde, 2005, plate XVI) and shows three cartouches the left one ist nearly completely missing of Hatshepsut from the reign of Thutmosis II with the preceding titles "[Lady?] of the Two Lands [nb.? ]t tA.wj; Great Royal Wife (= Hm.t nsw wr.t); ??? of Upper and Lower Egypt (= ... ^maw MHw)". Only one single block shows traces of a change from Hatshepsut into Maat ka Ra. The block is also unique in another aspect it was discovered re used in the Achmenu.
Netery-Menu
Netery Menu 13 Open Air Museum145
NTrj mnw = Divine Monument"
Both photos (above and below) show a block which is on display today in the OAM. On side (photo above) shows the God's spouse (Hmt nTr) Hatshepsut receiving "life" from Seth, the "One from Ombos who rules over the south" and who is embraced by Nephthys, "who rules Karnak" (on the left.
The photo above shows a part of Wall 7 (Gabolde, 2005, plate XV) with 3 titles of Hatshepsut from the reign of her husband: "King's Sister, God's Wife of Amun, Great Royal Wife".
One limestone block each has been located in the Brooklyn Museum, New York (Inv. No. 87.1), resp., in the Egyptian Museum Cairo (JE 40640). The block in New York shows fragments of the face of a royal or divine figure. The block in Cairo shows the remains of the titles of Maat ka Ra and Thutmosis II, the latter one has been partially destroyed.
IMG_1437.HEIC (rechts)
2018 > 6373 / 2019 > 1415 1447
During the numerous excavations in Karnak many fragments from the time of Thutmosis II, Hatschepsut, and Thutmosis III came to light. Several limestone blocks were discovered during the excavation of the Cachette in the court before the 7 th pylon where they had been used in the foundation of the eastern side of the court. today bigger blocks are displayed in the OAM, in the southern stone camp, and in the Luxor Museum. Gabolde (2005) has examined the numerous fragments and reconstructed the existence of 4 lime stone buildings erected at Karnak the "NTrj mnw = Divine Monument", a small Chapel with niches, dedicated to the cult of several members of the royal family, a (Barque? )Chapel, and at least a small chapel of which only minor fragments have survived.
This Monument is mentioned in three texts (Larché, 2007 on a statue of Hapuseneb, which is dated into the reign of Thutmosis II (on this statue which is today in the Louvre, A 134, Hapuseneb wrote: I have built a temple of beautiful white limestone (called "Maat ka Ra who is divine by [her] monuments."), on the Red Chapel (western gate, Block No. 131: " Temple of Men kheper Ra (called " Amun, divine by [his] monuments"), dating into the time of the co regency of Hatshepsut and Thutmosis III, and in the "Texts de la Jeunesse" of Thutmosis III (Sanctuary (called Divine Monument made of beautiful white sandstone."). Up to now totally 204 limestone blocks of this monument have been recovered (Larché, 2007). These blocks allow a reconstruction of the monument as well as a reconstruction of the decoration. The drawing below (modified according to Gabolde, 2005) shows his attempt to reconstruct the ground plan. However, it was neither possible to reconstruct a complete ground plan nor the original place where the monument had been erected.
FOTO 3 cows>>>
Thutmosis II followed by Hatshepsut presents 2 bulls and 2 calves to Amun; all blocks are on display in the Luxor Museum; site of discovery unknown, most likely in the Court of Cachette.
IMG_1432.HEIC
The photo above shows the Great Royal Wife Hatshepsut offering 2 vessels, behind her her daughter, the God's Wife, Neferu Ra is shown (that this is Neferu Ra is testified by the next block which shows the cartouche with her name; Gabolde, 2005, plate XI). The rear side of the block is less good preserved and shows the husband of Hatshepsut, Thutmosis II, seated an his throne (Gabolde, 2005, plate X).
Wall 7
K Divine Monument
The photo above shows a part of a scene from Wall 2. The scene shows Thutmosis II followed by his little daughter princess Neferu Ra (see name in the cartouche; Gabolde, 2005, plate III). to the right the scene is continued on another block showing the "Great Royal Wife, Hatshepsut".
Wall 8
The examination of the blocks decorated with bas relief revealed that these buildings that they were erected during the time of upheaval when the Great Royal Wife, God's Wife of Amun, Hatshepsut became Queen Regent for young Thutmosis III and finally took the full power as the King of the Two Lands as Maat ka Ra a period which is less documented in the other monuments.
Wall 2
On the other side of the lake, towards the west, one finds the remains of the temple of Ramesses III. Very much destroyed, th ere one finds mention of the king's campaigns in the Near east. In front of it are two headless colossi.
–
One of the Sekhmet statues carries on her head a kind of round mortar made up of uraei side by side (see 15, 16). One notices the variation of the headgear of the goddess from one statue to another. This very particular statue also carries a Pharaoh's cartouches that I identify as Sheshonq I (Meryimen) / Hedjkhepere Setepenre. It thus dates to (or wrongfully to) the XXIInd so called Libyan Dynasty, and more precisely from years 945 924 BC. Other copies of the goddess are still in good condition, with sometimes the sema tawy represented on the archaic low cuboid seat, or another wearing by the solar disk. They embody the triple aspect of Mut Sekhmet Eye of Re, which the goddess could take. One then enters (to enter is a very big word, because there nearly nothing standing any more) in the most intimate parts of the temple. One discovers the remains of a stela whose arch portrayed the figures of the Theban triad Amon, Mut and Khonsu. Also, one can admire what remains of a group of baboons in worship before the rising sun. The periphery of the external wall of the sanctuary, is again lined with statues of Sekhmet.
B Porch.
L.1
The processional avenue which went from Luxor toward Karnak turned off to the East in order to pass before the entry of the goddess's domain. An alter of rest for barque of Mut and Khonsu stood besides to this place. On the other side of the avenue was the temple of Amon Kamutef. This avenue is under Therestoration.walledenclosure of the domain, built by Nectanebo, presents itself currently rather like a trapezoidal slope of 250x350m. which circumscribes a domain where there is only a door for access. Of the one here, situated at the north, only the base from Ptolemaic times (Ptolemy II and III) remains, along with some sculpted Immediatelyblocks.inline with the entrance, one sees on the ground the remains of the small avenue built by Taharqa (XXVth Dynasty), which leads to the actual entrance of the temple of the goddess Mut (see 11).
Despite the fact that there was a well established ple complex for the goddess Mut at South Karnak during reign of Tuthmosis III, there is little evidence of work there by his son and successor Amenhotep II. The principle remains of the younger king parts of an alabaster shrine were only moved to the Mut complex in reuse by Ramesses II, 1 and the only other royal monument of his known is a fragment of a black granite statue of Sakhmet which mentions Amenhotep II as "beloved of (the goddess) Nut." 2 There are, however, a number of statues of officials contemporary with Amenhotep II which are known from the site: those of the scribe Amenemhet, 3 the steward Kenamun, 4 and prince Tuthmosis, later Tuthmosis IV.
From a possible Middle Kingdom foundation, a more imposing building was built to the 18th Dynasty (by Hatchepsut?). It was Am enhotep III (Amenophis) who will rebuild this temple of Mut in sandstone. He furnished it with hundreds (it is thought 720 or 730, one for every day of the year, morning and evening) of statues of the goddess Mut in her leonine shape of Sekhmet. Later Ramesses II was to restore the Afterbuilding.having
14 Mut Complex
Mut temple
One first of all passes a pylon. In the thickness of the door is a representation of the god Bes. One then enters into a first court centred also by a colonnade of the Kushite period, of which all faces were preceded with s tatues of TheSekhmet.second court is in line with the first, with a doorway currently reduced to nearly nothing. This second court, smaller than the first, contained around its periphery columns of square section. Behind these, against the wall, are again numerous Sekhmets and before them (smaller than before) sat the statues of Pharaohs.
One arrives thus at the sacred lake (Isheru) in the shape of a horse shoe which surrounds the temple on three sides. As an historical footnote, it contained fish and some fished there…
cast a glance on the ground to the left of the door of the enclosure on a colossus, pathetically broken , one discovers the remains of a large "alabaster" stela of Ramesses II on which his marriage to a Hittite princess is reported.
A Propylon. Ptolemaic. Cartouches of Ptolemy II Philadelphus and Ptolemy III Euergetes I, Ptolemaic texts including hymn to Mut and cartouches of Ptolemy II, and King with sistra and two priestesses with tambourine and harp before Mut and Sekhmet, with text below, including hymn to Mut. (g) and (h) Remains of text and [King] before a god and Mut, with long text below. (2) (i) and (j) Jambs, Ptolemy II offering victims to a divinity with Ptolemaic litany below. (k) and (1) Base, Ptolemy II entering, followed by name divinities, with small Tueris above at south end. (m) and (n) Above base, three lines of text of Ptolemy VIII Eupator. (p) and (q) Jambs, remains of King before a god and goddess, with two lines of text at base. (i) and (j), Litany, King with victims at (j) Name divinities at (k) (n) King and nome divinities at (k) (o), Pylon. Sethos II with Ptolemaic additions. Cartouches of Setnakht [near bottom left].
(Temple A)
(3) (a) ( d) [b, c, d, Bes on inner faces of columns. (e) Doorway with texts on outer jambs and thicknesses. (f) Lower part of King offering to a goddess and god.
Mut temple 14 Mut Complex146
(4) (g) and (h) Jambs, nine lines of text at base.
(14) Four blocks with 25 lines of text of Ramesses II.
Statues of Sekhmet in front of north and west walls, temp. Amenophis Ill, usurped by Sesonchis I. (5) Block statue of Amenernl).et, Royal scribe, son of Antef, granite, temp. Amenophis rr, in Cairo Mus. 566. (6) Statue of Sekhmet, dedicated by Amenophis Ill, with text of Pinezem and Queen (7) Statue of Sekhmet, temp. Ramesses IL.
D Court
Exterior.
Two seated statuettes of baboons, sandstone, temp. Ramesses Ill, in Cairo Mus. Ent.2172, 29245.
(19) Remains of scenes, King before goddess, King led by two gods to goddess, King, with goddess, kneeling, and [line of text below].
C Forecourt.
Enclosure wall.
Horwedja “magic healing chapel” rebuilt north of the Mut Temple’s first pylon
Lower part of King between goddess and god, with seven lines of text below, and at base Ptolemy with Nile god and [Field goddess]. (k) and (1) Remains of two lines of text. (m) on plan, but entry moved to supra Remains of rankh and waz decoration, with line of text below, and at base [King before three divinities]. (n) [Loc. K. Mut, B. 31 2] Remains of altar with cartouches of Sethos II and food below, flowers, &c., pylon shaped altar with sledge and on it Kings holding up sky. Base, dedication text of Sethos II( ?) and two lines of text with Ramesside cartouches below. (o), (p), (q) Projection forming left inner jamb, with large Ramesside cartouche at ( o ), and four columns of text at (p) and ( q) (latter of Ramesses IV). (r), (s), (t) Projection at (o), (p), (q).
Findings.
Mut temple 14 Mut Complex147
One block, arrival at Karnak (Heliopolis according to Foucart), with tree, sphinx, and obelisk, {10) Built in block, Tuthmosis Ill offering to Sobek. (11) Sekhmet statue, seated, with text of Sesonchis I, granite. (12) (a), (b) Mut, B. 75 6], and (c), Two texts of Mentueml]et, relating his works in the temples of Upper Egypt. (eTaharqa, with Esptal], his son Mentueml]et (see above), and grandson Esptal], adoring Mut, and three registers above, representations of statuettes, pectoral (with Kadesh, Onuris, and Reshef, and two lions below), and other cult objects. (a) (d),
(13) [Two scenes, lower part. 1, King with attendant, before a goddess, z, King before a divinity. East side room (b of Benson and Gourlay). Head of an old man, granite, Saite. (called 'Philistine').
Contra temple.
Vestibule.
Probably Nektanebos I, re used by Ptolemy II Philadelphus. {I5) Entrance. (a) and (b) Sekhmet statues, seated. (c) and (d) Jambs, two registers. I, King before god and goddess {destroyed at (d)), 11, King before Temple of Mut Contra temple Amun and Mut. (e) and (f) Two columns of text of Mut. (16) and {I7) Side walls, remains of two figures. (18) Jamb, King offering field to Mut.
Two inscribed blocks, sandstone, along exterior wall~ and block re used in base, two women with !zez wands and offerings, all possibly from a building of Nitocris.
Texts of Ramesses IV on entrance and west walls. (8) Jamb, Ptolemaic text. (b) Renewal text, Ptolemaic Name of door at (a), (9) Blocks, sandstone, with scenes of fleet of Piankhy returning to Karnak with produce from the south, including Tefnakht, Commander of troops of Heracleopolis (afterwards King) on 2nd boat, in Cairo Mus. Ent. 31886.
6 a, b Jambs with renewal text of Nektanebos I on base.
b South side, two registers, I, Amenophis II offering temple to a god, before Amun.
A Forecourt.
2 South colossus of Ramesses II, granite, upper part lying on ground.
The chapel of Nitocris in Temple first court and its lintel
7 Statues of Ramesses II, seated, granite.
2, Goddesses suckling children on lioncouch.
10 Lower part of three scenes.
(Temple A) L.2
3, King and Amun presenting children to Great Ennead
Chonsu the Child
Temple A: In clearing the forecourt of this temple, the expedition uncovered the foundations of the mudbrick pylon in front of which stood the two colossal statues and the Hittite Marriage Stela found by Pillet. to the south we found the companion stela describing building a temple, probably Temple A, located in Ipet. Both stelae were removed to Karnak’s Open Air Museum where the Amunhotep II chapel from which they came was rebuilt.
4 and 5 Statues of Sekhmet, granite, originally against outer face, now lying on ground, and remains of head of Bes, sandstone.
Chonsu the Child 14 Mut Complex148
In the southeast corner of Temple A’s first court, Brooklyn found the limestone foundations of a small chapel, its sandstone lintel lying nearby. The chapel was dedicated to the God’s Wife of Amun, Nitocris I, and is a very rare example of a chapel to a private person built within a temple r ather than within the confines of a temple precinct
c East side, three registers, I ID, [Amenophis 11] before Amun
A’ Propylon?
Temple (A) lay outside the precinct until Dynasty 25. It is so called because its ancient name is mostly unknown, but by the reign of Ramesses II it was a “Temple of Millions of Years”. Ramesses II added a forecourt and pylon fronted by two colossal alabaster stelae and two colossal statues, both usurped from Amunhotep III. The stelae, created from blocks of a chapel of Amunhotep II, record Ramesses’s marriage to a Hittite princess and his refurbishing of a temple. by the Third Intermediate Period the temple was a mammisi, which it remained for the rest of the site’s history.
1 1 Double scene, left half, seated god with goddess and soul of [Nekhen ?], right half, goddess with soul of Pe.
a North side, marriage stela of Ramesses II to Hittite princess Matneferurec with double scene at top, King before a god, and twenty lines of text.
D Second Pylon.
In front of entrance. Bases of two small Ptolemaic sphinxes and base of granite statue with mutilated cartouches, Dyn. XVIII.
8 Lower part of a goddess suckling a child, god holding a child, and remains of four seated divinities, two figures before seated divinity, and feet in destroyed scene.
9 Fragment of circumcision scene in the presence of Amun ? and a god, and [Seshet] on left.
3 Osiride colossi of Tuthmosis IV, usurped by Ramesses II and Nektanebos I, two remaining, one now in magazine. Text with usurped cartouches.
The forecourt eventually became an industrial area, with the remains of a kiln in the north half and a well fed by ceramic pipes in the south. Mud brick structures built on the south side of the court in the late Ptolemaic or early Roman period incorporated a group of blocks from a “magical healing chapel” whose lintel had been re used in the base a sphinx east of the Propylon. The lintel names Horwedja, Great Seer of Heliopolis, an important Dynasty 26 official little attested in Upper Egypt. In 2010 the expedition rebuilt the chapel north of the Mut Temple’s first pylon.
Birth scenes. Date uncertain.
1 Presentation of children by [Amun] and [Thoth or Monthu] with text below.
C Court.
I Base of north colossus of Ramesses II, granite, re using alabaster block from Shrine of Amenophis II supra, p. 7I.
B First Pylon.
I4 and I5 King before divinities.
2I Divinities, including goddess making nini.
E Hypostyle.
Pillar with Amenophis Ill before }:latl;J.Or, removed from a ruined building of Amenophis Ill near the Temple of Mut for 'constructions ... du pacha'. [2], 'Pilastres ou colonnes quadrangulaires', Block, goddess suckling young King, probably Dyn. XXV.
Kamutef temple
F Outer Hall.
I3 King in palanquin carried by souls of Pe and Nekhen.
I North Sanctuary.
Causeway leading from east doorway of Forecourt in Temple of Mut, cf. BENSON and GOURLAY, Temple, on plan facing p. 36 'Sloping Paved Way'. Plan, L. D. i. 74; BuRTON MSS. 25645, on 163; NESTOR L'H6TE MSS. 20403, on 5 (reproduced, RrcKE, Kamutef Heiligtum, on pl. i Loose[a]).
Temple Ramses III 14 Mut Complex149
Ptolemaic.
L.5
12 Thicknesses. Line of text at base on left and remains of offering bringers on right, Late Period.
Hatsepsoet / toetmosis III
Temple Ramses III
I7 Remains of scenes, King before a divinity.
Legs of statue of }:laremakhet ~ ~ ~ ~. First prophet of Amun, eldest son of Sabacon, quartzite, in Cairo Mus. Ent. 49IS7, mentioning his mother(?) Queen Tabekenamun, daughter of Pi<ankhy, and Pi<ankharty , wife of Shabataka, with 'Address to the living'.
I6 Remains of four scenes, with goddess in 3, and King, Dyn. XVIII ?, offering nemset vase to Amun
I8 Remains of scenes, including King between two statues.
L.3
to the southwest of the sacred lake lies a temple of Ramesses III, also originally outside the Mut Precinct.
22 Mammisis, p. SI [top, a].
2o Remains of plants and text.
Finds.
L.4
23 A god before [King] on throne with Nine Bows, a god before bed?, marsh between Bes and Tueris on left and lioness on right.
Chapelles geminees Hatchepsout en toetmosis III
blocks from bottom register, lying beside wall. King on each, once offering to Theban Triad.
Bark chapel
I9 Text,
G Inner Hall.
H Central Sanctuary
24 Lower part of three goddesses on each side of couch with [Queen?] and [King] on throne.
Chapel B L.2.A
Amon Montu Complex
This temple consisted of the traditional parts of the Egyptian temple with a pylon, court and rooms filled with columns. The ruins of the temple date to the reign of Amenhotep III who rebuilt the sanctuary dating from the Middle Kingdom era and dedicated it to Montu Re. Ramesses II increases the size of the temple by adding a forecourt and erecting two obelisks there. A large court with gantry gave on hypostyle open on the court, characteristic of the buildings of the reign of Amenhotep I. The sanctuary is made up as follows: a room with four columns serving various vaults of the worship and giving on the room of the boat which preceded the naos by the god. Nearby in Medamud was another Temple of Montu. The enclosure was built of mud brick and restored by Nectanebo in the 30th Dynasty
The clearance by Alexandre Varille of the foundations of the Temple of Montu at North Karnak in the early 1940s on behalf of the French Institute in Cairo brought to light a large number of reused blocks of Amenhotep 11, only a few of which were published in a first volume soon after excavation (Karnak I, p. 16). While it had been Varille's intention to publish all these blocks of Amenhotep II and other blocks he had discovered as well in a companion volume, he was unable to accomplish his objective prior to his early death. In point of fact, any complete and proper publication of all the reused blocks which Varille exposed must await the dismantling of the foundations of the Temple of Montu, a structure which is a part of the concession of the French Institute at North Karnak. At the present time, enough can be observed of the blocks of Amenhotep 11 as they now remain in the foundations or exist elsewhere in the area or in fiches prepared by Varille to garner an idea of what those monuments whose blocks were reused looked like. A total of at least four buildings of Amenhotep II can be reconstructed from the blocks : two chapels, one for the bark of Amun and another for that of Montu, a storehouse for incense, and a palace. There may be remains of a temple to the goddess Maat as well. Of these buildings, the most significant and best able to be reconstructed on paper is the chapel built by Amenhotep II for the bark of Amun.
The main features of the Precinct of Montu are the Temple of Montu, Temple of Harpre, Temple of Ma'at, a sacred lake and the Gateway of Ptolemy III Euergetes / Ptolemy IV Philopator, which is the most visible structure on the site and can be easily seen from inside the Precinct of Amon Re. This gateway is also called Bab el’Adb. This large monumental door was reached via a dromos leading from a quay that led to a channel which connected the field to that of Montu of Medamud further north of the city. Through this gate, is reached a large court which was decorated by a colonnade dating from the 25th Dynasty period. In the south, a series of doors opened onto a series of vaults of Divine Adoratrices, which were next to the northern part of the precinct of Amun Re.
Bark chapel 15 Amon Montu Complex150 15 –
As reconstructed, the chapel erected by Amenhotep II takes the form of a peripteral temple (Fig. 1), about 15.3 by 18.5 meters in overall size, with a core structure similar in plan to the Temple of Nekhbet built by Amenhotep III in the desert to the east of El Kab. The core structure is a single room, about 7.5 by 10.6 meters in interior dimensions, divided into three aisles by two rows of two 16 sided polygonal columns supporting architraves. towards the front, these architraves engage pilasters while at the rear, they directly join the wall. (This plan is also generally preserved in the room of the Temple of Montu under which these blocks were reused). The edifice erected by Amenhotep II seems to have been built as an addition to an earlier, now lost structure probably a smaller, simple bark chapel with peripteral colonnade. This is evidenced by the continuance of the torus and cavetto on the exterior side rear corners, the opening outward of the inner door, and the dressed but undecorated surface of the exterior rear wall and that wall's lack
Amenofis III (Leclant) Ramesside, Kuschite, Ptolome
K.1 Montu Temple
Bark chapel 15 Amon Montu Complex151
It should be pointed out that all the above mentioned monuments (or parts of monuments), including the temple of Amenhotep III, are dedicated to Amen Re of Thebes, even if rare mentions of Montu have been found on the site (mainly epithets describing various kings as "beloved of Montu"). The dedicatory inscription of the main temple attributes the sanctuary to "Amen Re, Lord of the Thrones of the Two Lands, Preeminent in Ipet Sut," an attribution which is confirmed by the text of the "Petrie Stela," and various minor monuments such as the obelisks, the two quartzite statues of Amenhotep III and other pieces of statuary. The first dedicatory inscription to Montu known to us appears on the stela erected by Seti I in the court of the temple. It is from the reign of Taharka, however, that we have a comprehensive documentation in the decoration of the portico, stating that Montu is the main god of the temple. The scenes on the Ptolemaic gate of the precinct confirm this rank for Montu, paralleled however by the expected presence of Amen Re. In this matter, the dedicatory inscription carved under the Ptolemies in the central bark station of the Montu temple is eloquent: while attributing to Amenhotep III the foundation of the monument, the text clearly dedicates the temple to "Montu, Lord of Thebes."
Thus, the area of North Karnak appears to have been originally a dependency of the temple of Amen Re and was only progressively and partially devoted to Montu. The cult of this divinity of the Theban nome, which predates that of Amen, was developed during the Late period in the framework of the theology of the "four Theban Montu," at Medamud, Armant, tod and North Karnak. In Graeco Roman times, Montu was identified with Apollo and the temple was designated as an Apolloneion. The Demotic documentation reveals that this area was called "the House of the Cow" while Greek papyri call it Chrysopolis.
The Temple of Maât is famous for its court which judged the plunderers of royal tombs under Ramesses IX at the end of the 20th dynasty. The only one extant dedicated to this deity, leans on the rear side of the Montu temple. Largely destroyed today, it still preserves inscriptions of some of the viziers of Ramesses III and XI. Scattered reliefs and stelae belonging to the reign of Amenhotep III indicate that a previous Ma’at temple existed at that time in the same area. The door in the wall of the precinct opening to this temple was rebuilt by the Nectanebos, reusing a previous Kushite door. The trials of the perpetrators of the great tomb robberies at the end of the Ramesside period took place in the temple of Ma’at.
K.4 High Temple Of Nectanebo Ii
K.6 Quay
The Temple of Harpre was for the greatest part built under Hakor of the 29th dynasty. The temple of Harpre is built along the east side of the Montu temple. The oldest part (i.e. the sanctuary on the south side) may date back to the 21st Dynasty. Nepherites and Hakor (29th Dynasty) built a hypostyle hall with Hathor capitals. A geographical procession formed part of the decoration of the hypostyle hall. An open court and a pylon were added to the north fagade during the 30th Dynasty. The question of the identification of this temple as a mammisi or birthhouse has been proposed and rejected by various scholars. A subsidiary building, in front of the pylon, is known as the "eastern secondary temple" and may be related to the cult of the bull of Montu.
K.3 Maat Temple
K.7 Thoutmosis I Temple At Montu
K.2 Harpa Temple
K.5 AmenhotepIII Sacred lake
of a torus and cavetto. The remains of balustrades and numerous pillar fragments including corner pillars with engaged vertical toruses show the existence of the surrounding colonnade, although its exact spacing is uncertain. The various pillars, columns, pilasters, architraves, doorways, and wall surfaces of this building of Amenhotep II were decorated with scenes or texts in either polychrome raised relief or yellow monochrome sunken relief. In all there are remains in raised relief of 20 major wall scenes as well as 6 minor scenes (some from door jambs or pilasters),
The sacred lake, on the west side of the Montu temple, may have been dug by Amenhotep III and restored by Montuemhat, as can be inferred from his biographical inscription in Mut temple.
The inscribed remains of four structures built by Akhenaten and dedicated to the solar god Aten have been recovered from Karnak. The in situ remains of one of these buildings, the Gem pa Aten ("the sun disk is found"), were found east of the Amun Ra temple precinct. The temple was fronted by an open court with a colonnade of square pillars, against which rested alternating colossal statues of king Akhenaten (Amenhotep IV) and his queen Nefertiti. Carved and painted decoration on the walls of this courtyard depicted the king and queen during various parts of the royal jubilee festival as they entered and exited the palace and as they made offerings to the gods. The eastern section of the temple has not been excavated, and therefore its ground plan and exact size remain unknown. The complex was enclosed with a mud brick wall.
Amenhotep IV/Akhenaten
Akhenaten, second son and successor of Amenhotep III, instituted a revolution in art and religion that thrust the sun god to the fore as sole god and celebrated his creation in a colorful, expressionistic style of art. Born and brought up in Thebes, Akhenaten spent the first five years of his reign in this southern city, and there evidence is found of the first stage in the development of the new monotheism. The new god was solar in aspect, "the living Sun disc," and the king favored the simple type of sun shrine characteristic of the Heliopolitan center of solar worship, which featured open courts on a central axis. to expedite the work the king chose a smaller size masonry block than was normal, 52x26x24cm, which a single man could shoulder and transport. These blocks, called in the local dialect of Luxor talatat (probably from the Italian tagliata, "cut masonry"), were quarried in the tens of thousands at Gebel el Silsila, circa 100km south of Thebes, where the best local sandstone was to be had. A country wide work project was authorized to accomplish this task, and personnel and funds were diverted from temples all over Egypt. Extreme haste attended the construction, as the king wished to celebrate a jubilee as soon as possible; the laying of the blocks and their decoration display a casualness uncharacteristic of ancient Egyptian architecture.
Henri Chevier, Inspector of Antiquities at Karnak from 1925 to 1952, in the course of a program to shore up and restore the ruins, had occasion to replace the flooring in the hypostyle hall and to "gut" parts of Pylon II with an eye to inserting concrete coring. In both places thousands of decorated talatat came to light, and many more which had not sat in wall surfaces and so had received no relief decoration. In the 1960s one of Chevier’s successors, Ramadan Saad, undertook methodically to remove the talatat from the core of the west wing of Pylon IX, a project pursued with great success after 1967 by the newly formed Centre Franco Egyptien for the restoration of Karnak, under the direction of Jean Lauffray. Thousands of decorated talatat were recovered here, many with bright paint still intact. The total number of talatat recovered from the mid nineteenth century to the present numbers 80,000 90,000.
Akhenaten built the Gem pa Aten in the third year of his reign to celebrate his jubilee festival (the heb sed). by year six of his reign, however, Akhenaten had moved the court and royal palace to a new city in Middle Egypt, modern Tell el Amarna. The extent to which the Gem pa Aten and the other structures dedicated to the Aten at Thebes functioned during the king's hiatus is unknown.
Aton Temple
Measurements: The estimated size of the Gem pa Aten is 130m x 216m. The court walls rose approximately 7m in height. The "talatat" blocks used to build the structure were roughly 52cm long by 26cm wide and 22cm height.
Construction materials: sandstone "talatat" blocks, mudbrick
The name of the complex is Gem Pa Aten (The Aten has been found). The parts of the temple are: Roedmenoe (Remaining of Monuments) Tenimenu (Exalted of Monuments) Hoetbenben (House of the Benben Stone)
Despite the anathema Akhenaten’s memory suffered at the hands of later generations, and the wholesale destruc tion wrought on his buildings, thousands of talatat have survived. Easily and conveniently recyclable, these small blocks were removed from the dismembered walls of the sun temples and reused as fill or foundation material in later walls and pylons erected in the 19th Dynasty. They are found in Horemheb’s Pylons II and IX at the Theban temple of Amen at Karnak, as foundation blocks beneath the hypostyle hall of the Amen temple, and in Ramesses II’s pylon and outbuildings in the Luxor temple. Some survived to be used as late as the reign of Nectanebo I, and not a few drifted far afield, such as those which have turned up in Ptolemaic constructions at Medamud. They first attracted scholarly attention about the middle of the nineteenth century, when talatat with relief in the startling new style and texts mentioning Akhenaten and the sundisc turned up around the badly ruined Pylon IX. by the end of WWI a sizable collection of talatat had been amassed by Legrain and Pillet, Inspectors of the Department of Antiquities; but it was only in the 1920s that new blocks began to emerge by the thousands.
Bark chapel 16 Aton Temple152 16 –
The inner face of the stone talatat wall, protected by the colonnade in front, was the location of the painted relief scenes. Especially on the south and west sides, sufficient fragments of relief were recovered in the excavation to enable identification of scene types. In the Gm p3 itn the consistent theme was the celebration of the jubilee, or heb sed. In the entrance corridor coming from the palace were to be found scenes showing the approach of the royal party, outrunners, courtiers kissing the earth, men dragging bulls, payment of rations and so on. Turning right along the inner face of the west wall as far as the southwest corner and then east along the south wall, one en countered the ritual of "the days of the White Crown," when the king made offerings in the regalia of the King of Upper Egypt, and was duly crowned as southern monarch. Here a repeating motif, circa 12m long, showed the events of a single day: emergence from the palace, procession in palanquin to the temple, sacrifices in open roofed kiosks to the sun disc, recessional to the palace and feasting in the palace. At least four repetitions of the sequence can be identified along the south wall proceeding from the southwest corner, and at a point circa 180m to the east on the south wall the fragments suggest the motif is still present. too little is preserved on the north side of the court to make any final statement, but it is likely that the same sequence was followed, with the king wearing the Red Crown and the regalia of Lower Egypt.
Only one of the four structures named above has been located and partly excavated. The Gm p3 itn, 210m wide and of (at present) unknown length, was built to the east of Karnak on ground that had not been occupied for centuries. Its longer axis ran east west, with its south side aligned with the central east west axis of the Amen temple. From the center of its western side a columned corridor 4m wide led from the temple westward to communicate with the 18th Dynasty royal palace which lay just north of Pylons IV, V and VI of the Amen temple. The Gm p3 itn was surrounded by an outer wall of mudbrick laid in undulating courses and, at a distance of 5m, an inner stone wall 2m thick constructed of talatat. The vast court thus enclosed was lined on the north, west and south sides by a continuous colonnade of rectangular piers, each 2×1.80m, set at intervals of 2m, and supported by the talatat wall. In front of this colonnade and parallel to it ran a stylobate 5m wide, to support the colossal statues which, on the south side and southern half of the west side, adorned the inner faces of the piers. Probably before each statue stood a granite offering table bearing the names of the king, queen and the sun disc. On the north side the excavated fragments suggest the presence of life size, free standing statues of red quartzite and occasionally granite, at intervals of 7 8m. Most seem to have depicted the king with arms crossed in "Osiride" fashion, but some fragments suggest double statues of the king and queen. The inner faces of the piers on the north side, not obscured by statues, were decorated in sunk relief showing the king with one arm outstretched and caressed by the rays of the sun disc.
Intensive scientific study of the talatat was slow to develop. In 1966 Ray Winfield Smith, a retired foreign service officer of the US government, conceived of the notion of applying computer science to the problem of reconstructing the talatat. With the assistance of IBM Cairo, Smith set up a project staffed by a dozen young Egyptologists. All the talatat then known, both those in Egypt and those in foreign collections, were photographed to scale and described in meticulous detail. by 1968 contact prints of the talatat began to be matched together in collages, and a "jig saw puzzle" of relief scenes began to take shape. by 1972, when the first volume of results was published, over 800 scenes had been matched. The Centre Franco Egyptien experienced equal success in matching talatat from the Pylon IX into scenes, especially when their careful recovery of talatat from superimposed beds in that structure revealed a salient fact. In dismantling Akhenaten’s constructions, Horemheb’s men had immediately deposited the blocks in the new pylon and foundations, so that scenes often lay in their new locations in reverse order, as it were, and could be reconstituted on the spot. This fact had unfortunately eluded Henri Chevier. In 1975 the Akhenaten Temple Project initiated excavations in East Karnak at a spot where the municipal canal had uncovered two fallen colossi of Akhenaten in 1925. Work has continued at East Karnak until the present day.
Bark chapel 16 Aton Temple153
From an examination of the reliefs alone (specifically the captions accompanying the sun discs), it soon became apparent that Akhenaten had erected four major structures at Karnak during the first five years of his reign. Of these the major building, to judge by the frequency of references in the talatat, was the Gm p3 itn (literally, "The Sun disc is Found"[?]); slightly smaller on the same criteria were the Tni mnw n itn ("Exalted are the monuments of the Sun disc") and Rwd mnw n itn ("Sturdy are the movements of the Sun disc"). The smallest appears to have been the Hwt bnbn ("Mansion of the benben sione"). A ffwt H* ("Mansion of the Sun disc") mentioned in tombs on the west bank has not as yet turned up in the talatat scenes. The order in which these buildings were erected is not clear, except that Hw bnbn appears to have been the last. Gm p3 itn was built in anticipation of the jubilee (end of the third or beginning of the fourth regnal year), so that perhaps a point late in the second regnal year represents the inception of talatat construction. Prior to this the king erected a gate (blocks now secreted as core material in the Pylon X) decorated in traditional relief, somewhere on the south side of Karnak.
Bark chapel 16 Aton Temple154