ĐỀ THI CHÍNH THỨC VÀ ĐỀ NGHỊ MÔN TIẾNG ANH OLYMPIC 30 THÁNG 4 LỚP 10 (TỪ NĂM 2014 ĐẾN 2018)

TUYỂN CHỌN ĐỀ THI HỌC SINH GIỎI MÔN TIẾNG ANH

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TUYỂN CHỌN CÁC ĐỀ THI CHÍNH THỨC VÀ ĐỀ THI ĐỀ NGHỊ MÔN TIẾNG ANH OLYMPIC 30 THÁNG 4 LỚP 10 (TỪ NĂM 2014 ĐẾN 2018) WORD VERSION | 2022 EDITION ORDER NOW / CHUYỂN GIAO QUA EMAIL TAILIEUCHUANTHAMKHAO@GMAIL.COM

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Phân I____________________________________________ DE THI CHÎINH THÛC OLYMPIC TRUYÊIN THOING 3 0 /4 NÂM 2 0 1 4 - 2 0 1 8

. MULTIPLE CHOICE I. PHONOLOGY Choose the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from the others.

1. A. wretchedly B. ruggedly C. confusedly D. determinedly A. slumber B. doubter C. dumbly D. debtor A. expansion B. conversion C. precision D. explosion A. athlete D. breath B. ethnic C. asthma A. finale B. machete C. facsimile D. denote Choose the word which is stressed differently from the other three.

6. A. magnifier C. interpolate D. jeopardy B. preferable 7. A. horizontal B. adolescent C. panorama D. infrastructure 8. A. photography D. magnificent B. advantageous C. proverbial D. heroic 9. A. lunatic B. nomadic C. aroma 10. A. constituency B. constitution C. presentiment D. subsidiary 11. W ORD CHOICE Choose the best options to complete the following sentences.

1 I. The news o f his death was like a b o lt____________ .

A. from the red B. from the blue C. from the black D. from the white 12. Environmental groups are locked i n ____________ with the council over the proposed new bypass through parts of Charmy Wood.

A. argument B. battle C. debate D. controversy 13. He w a s ____________ with an extraordinary ability.

A. entrusted B. ensured C. endowed D. entreated 14. “There is no further treatment we can give’’, said Dr. John. “ We must let the disease take i ts ________ A. end B. term C. way D. course 15. What on earth made you risk your life a n d ____________ by driving that fast?

A. death B. health C. limb D. liberty 16. During the evening football match, the stadium was illuminated b y ________.

A. flashlights B. floodlights C. highlights D. spotlights 17. Tom admitted that he couldn't concentrate on his work due to this irritating noise.

B. the bit least C. in the least D. at the least A. in all

18. You can buy fake designer clothes much more cheaply than th e ________ articles.

A. exact B. real C. true D. genuine 19. Could 1 pick y o u r ____________ on the subject before the meeting?

A. brains B. mind C. head D. intellect 20. Four people drowned when the y a c h t____________ in a sudden storm.

A. inverted B. overflowed C. upset D. capsized III. G RAM M AR AND STRUCTURES: Choose the best options to complete the following sentences.

21. Everything looks very positive for the company, __________ the current investors do not default on their agreements.

A. assuming that B. whether C. whereas D. as if 22. __________ c a m e _________ as the injured cat was so weak.

A. Afterwards/dying B. Death/X C. Soon/death D. Then/to die 23. Probably no man had more effect on the daily lives o f most people in the United S ta te s ______ .

A. as Henry Ford, a pioneer in automobile production.

B. rather than Henry Ford, a pioneer in automobile production.

C. than did Henry Ford, a pioneer in automobile production.

D. more than Henry Ford, a pioneer in automobile production.

24. The picking o f the fruit,__________ , takes about a week.

A. whose work they receive no money B. as they receive no money for that work C. for which work they receive no money D. they receive no money for it 25. It was not until they sent me the invitation___________ how meaningful I was to them.

A. that 1 realized B. 1 realized C. did 1 realize D. had 1 realized 26. I would rather _________ my holiday in Egypt than in Turkey. I really couldn't stand the food.

A. take B had taken C. to have taken D. have taken 27. ________________that we decided to cancel the polo match.

A. Such was a weather B. Such terrible weather was it C. So terrible a weather was it D. The weather was such 28. Why didn’t you tell me you needed help? 1__________________________ you.

A. must have helped B. could have helped C. could help D. was able to help 29. _____________ , he remained optimistic.

A. Though badly wounded he was B. Badly wounded as he was C. As he was badly wounded D. As badly wounded he was 30. Mark Twain began his career on a newspaper a n d ________ to be a journalist.

A. long considering himself B. himself long considered C. long considered himself D. was long himself considered 6

IV. PHRASAL VERBS AND PREPOSITIONS 31. 1 can’t come to your birthday party because something h a s ____________ .

A. done away with B. come off C. dropped off D. cropped up 32. Many students couldn’t _____________ , but the teacher ____________ the problem by going into a detailed explanation.

A. catch up/cleared away B. catch up with/cleared off C. catch on/cleared up D. catch at/clear out 33. The robbers packed diamonds into a suitcase a n d ______ in a van that waited for them in the street.

A. put through B. rolledover C. carried away D. made off 34. It is not surprising that he became a writer because he always longed to see his n a m e _____________.

A. in type B. in print C. in letters D. in edition 35. At first they refused but I managed t o _____________ them round to my way o f thinking.

A. put B. force C. push D. bring 36. We put his rude m an n e r____________ ignorance o f our British customs.

A. off at B. up with C. up to D. down to 37. Bert is a bit down in t h e ____________ . He was sacked yesterday.

A. dumps B. sad C. low D. bad 38. Thanks to her regular workouts and sensible diet, she certainly strikes me as in t h e ______ .

A. blue B. green C. pink D. red 39. What’s all this c ry in g ____________ ?

A. without the aid o f B. with the aid o f C. in aid o f D. within the aid of 40. Could you reach m e ____________ that vase from the top shelf?

A. down B. for C. forward D. up for V. G UIDED CLOZE 1: Read the text below and decide which answer best fits each space.

Red Rock Canyon, part of the Red Rock Recreation Lands in Nevada, is an escarpment o f crimson Aztec sandstone cliffs and canyon walls that ( 4 1 ) ______ the geologic history o f the area. Bands o f sediment layers tell a deep-sea bed that 400 million years ago ( 4 2 ) ___________ eastward to shoreline in present - day western Utah. As the ancient sea grew (43) ________________ more shallow, about 225 million years ago, marine limestone and shales were overlain by sediments washed in from emerging land areas. As the water in the shallow inland sea evaporated, salts and minerals were deposited in thick beds and fluctuating shorelines created intermixed beds o f limestone, shales and minerals.

Sediments from this period gave the canyon its name. Their red color was created from the weathering o f iron ( 4 4 ) _________within. About 180 million years ago the area was arid and was covered in sand dunes more than 2.000 feet deep, which became cemented into the Aztec sandstone that is ( 4 5 ) ___________ in the canyon today. Its alternating hues o f red, yellow and white are believed 7

to have resulted from groundwater percolating through the sand and leaching ( 4 6 ) _________the oxidized iron.

The most significant geologic (47) _______________ o f the area is the Keystone Thrust Fault, a fracture in the earth's crust. Sixty- five million years ago, (48) _________________ pressure thrust one rock plate over another. a(n) ( 4 9 ) ________ that can clearly be seen in the contrasting bands o f gray limestone and red sandstone beneath it. The Keystone is one o f the most easily identifiable thrust faults to be ( 5 0 ) ______________ anywhere.

D. reveal 41. A. enclose B. give C. mention 42. A. grew D. stood B. evolved C. rose D. precedinglv 43. A. progressively B. painstakingly C. constantly 44. A. complexities B. compounds C. combinations D. composites 45. A. dominating B. sufficient C. prominent D. principal 46. A. out B. into C. against D. with D. property 47. A. character B. feature C. trait tense 48. A. B. intensive C. intense D. extreme 49. A. event B. incident C. phenomenon D. occurrence 50. A. found B. located C. noted D. realized GUIDED CLOZE 2: Read the text below and decide which answer best fits each space.

(51)__________ popular belief, one does not have to be a trained programmer to work online. O f course, there are plenty o f jobs available for people with high-tech computer skills, but the growth of new media has ( 5 2 ) __________ up a wide range o f Internet career opportunities requiring only a minimal level of technical (53) __________ . Probably one o f the most well-known online job opportunities is the job o f webmaster. However, it is hard to define one basic job description for this position. The qualifications and responsibilities depend on what tasks a particular organization needs a webmaster to ( 5 4 ) __________ .

To specify the job description of a webmaster, one needs to identify the hardware and software that the website will manage to run ( 5 5 ) __________ .

Different types o f hardware and software require different skill sets to manage them. Another key factor is whether the website will be running internally or externally. Finally, the responsibilities of a webmaster also depend on whether he or she will be working independently, or whether the firm will provide people to help. All o f these factors need to be considered before one can create requiring ( 5 6 ) __________ knowledge o f the latest computer applications. ( 5 7 ) __________ , there are also online jobs available for which traditional skills remain in high (58 ) __________ . Content jobs require excellent writing skills and a good sense o f the web as a “new media’'.

The term “ new media'' is difficult to define because it encom passes a (59) __________ growing set o f new technologies and skills. Specifically, it includes websites, email, Internet technology, CD-ROM, DVD. streaming audio and 8

video, interactive multimedia presentations, e-books, digital music, computer illustration, video gaines. (60) reality and computer artistry.

51. A. Apart from B. Contrary to D. In contrast to C. Prior to 52. A. taken D. opened B.sped C. set 53. A. expertise D. excellency C. efficiency B. master 54. A. conduct D. overtake C. undergone B. perform 55. A. on B. over D. with C. in 56. A. built-in C. in-service D. in-depth B. up-market 57. A. However C. Moreover D. Then B. Therefore 58. A. content D. requirement B. demand C. reference 59. A. constantly D. invariably B. continually C. increasingly 60. A. fancy D. virtual C. illusive B. imaginative VI. READING PASSAGE 1: Read the text below and choose the best answer to each question.

THE BALANCE IN THE OCEANS The oceans’ predators come in all shapes and sizes. For example, one o f the less infamous ones is the colorful starfish, which feeds on plant life, coral, or other shellfish such as mussels for sustenance. A more bloodcurdling example, especially to human beings and most other species o ffis h , is the shark, though most scientists agree that only ten per cent o f the 450 plus species o f sharks have been documented as actually attacking a human. Still, there is another predator lurking invisibly in the bodies o f water o f the world, one which poses one o f the greatest threats to all species o f ocean life - bacteria. Though many types of fish are continually stalking and evading one another for survival, they all band together in an attem pt to keep bacteria levels at bay in order to allow their own existence to continue.

Bacteria play a dual role in the ecosystems o f the oceans. On the one hand, they are beneficial as they stimulate plant life through food decomposition, which releases the necessary chemicals for the growth o f plant life. This is called nutrient recycling and helps keep the oceans alive. But, on the other hand, bacteria are a major predator for all fish because they attack fragile, weaker individuals. If they are allowed to run rampant and not kept in check, they could virtually suffocate the oceans. In water, bacteria prove to be an even greater threat than on land because, as they proliferate, they reduced the oxygen levels necessary for organisms in the oceans to live. Further, when fish populations become depleted due to factors like overfishing, microbes such as algae expand and threaten the fragile ecosystems o f the ocean. Therefore, ocean predators play a critical role by thwarting bacteria growth and maintaining the oceans’ equilibrium by reducing vulnerable links in the food chain.

In many ways, the balance within the oceans’ ecosystems mirrors the human body. That is, all o f their components must work in harmony for them to stay 9

healthy, efficient, and alive. If one o f them is missing or deficient, an entire system can be placed in jeopardy. In both the human body and the ocean, bacteria play a vital role because, at manageable levels, they aid in protecting and cleaning each system o f foreign agents that can be o f harm. On the other hand, if bacteria levels increase and become out o f control, they can take hold of a system, overrun it, and become debilitating. Therefore, both oceans and the human body have a kind o f custodian that maintains bacteria levels. In the human body, it is called a phagocyte. Phagocytes eat up sick, old, or dying cells, which are more prone to bacterial invasion, and thus keep the body healthy. Like in the human body, bacteria can prove fatal to the living organisms in the ocean.

Like phagocytes in the human body ocean predators work as antibacterial custodians o f the seas. In essence, they are the immune system and a vital link in the food chain because they remove small, injured, or sickly fish from the ocean environment before bacteria can become too comfortable and multiply. By ridding the ocean o f weaker fish, predators allow the stronger ones to multiply, making their species stronger and more resilient. Without their services and with their declining numbers, bacteria will blossom to levels that will eventually overpower and kill even the strongest species o f fish because o f the depletion of their number one source o f life, all important oxygen.

While the greatest battle in the ocean may seem on the surface to be the survival o f the fittest fish, a closer look reveals something completely different: fish versus microorganisms. Clearly, most living organisms in the oceans are hunters by nature, but this way of life does not merely provide a food source for a dominant species. It also maintains a healthy level o f bacteria in an ocean's ecosystem, thus ensuring the continuation o f all species o f life within. Major predators are necessary, like the antibacterial cells o f the human body, to keep this delicate balance in synch. If their numbers continue to decline and humans ignore their vital role in the ocean, dire consequences will definitely result.

61. The word lurking in the passage is closest in meaning to____________ .

A. attacking B. increasing C. waiting D. approaching 62. According to paragraph 1, which o f the following is true o f ocean predators?

A. The shark is the deadliest one for all other kinds o f life in the oceans.

B. One o f the most threatening to all fish populations is bacteria.

C. Starfish do little damage to the population o f mussels and shellfish.

D. Most o f the killers that hide in the oceans are unknown to humans.

63. Which o f the following can be inferred from paragraph 1 about bacteria?

A. They can be extremely detrimental to fish if their numbers increase.

B. They are able to feed off themselves when other food sources are limited.

C. They stimulate plant life, which in turn releases oxygen into the water.

D. They present themselves in numerous shapes and forms as well as colors.

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64. Which o f the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the sentence in bold (“Though... continue”) ?

A. Evasion tactics help fish escape from the threats posed by an increasing number o f bacteria.

B. Various species o f fish prey upon one another in order to lower bacteria levels in the ocean.

C. High bacteria levels in the ocean help most species o f fish to survive by providing them with food.

D. Rivals or not, all fish help one another survive by preventing bacteria from proliferating.

65. The author discusses nutrient recycling in paragraph 2 in order t o ________.

A. show how bacteria act similarly in the ocean and the human body B. explain the different roles o f nutrients and oxygen for species o f fish C. indicate that bacteria do have a positive impact in the oceans D. note how chemicals from bacteria are able to stimulate plant growth 66. The word thwarting in the passage is closest in meaning t o _________ .

A. encouraging

B. preventing

C. slowing

D. sustaining

67. According to paragraph 2, bacteria are dangerous to ocean life because.

A. they have the capability to attack both strong and weaker fish B. they could monopolize the critical breathable gas in the ocean C. they get rid o f vulnerable links, like dying fish, in the food chain D. they blossom out o f control when overfishing becomes dominant 68. The word debilitating in the passage is closest in meaning t o ________.

A. stimulating

B. hindering

C. elevating

D. weakening

69. The author's description o f phagocytes mentions all o f the following EXCEPT: A. They rid the human body o f potentially dangerous organisms.

B. They act in a similar manner as the predators o f the ocean.

C. They dispose o f bacteria to make weakened cells revive.

D. They are cleaning agents in humans to maintain bacteria levels.

70. According to paragraph 4, the elimination of weaker fish by ocean predators____ .

A. can often have an adverse effect on the population o f the certain prey species B. inadvertently helps stronger species of fish to proliferate more easily C. reduces oxygen levels, thereby causing bacteria to multiply in their prey D. allows bacteria to grow and multiply in the stronger individuals o f a species

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READING PASSAGE 2 : Read the text below and choose the best answer to each question.

UFFINGTON WHITE HORSE: ANCIENT HILLSIDE CHALK ART When I was a teenager, I once carved my initials and those o f my girlfriend into a tree, something I thought o f at the time as being a permanent statement of our eternal devotion to each other. When we broke up a year later, I felt obliged to return to the tree, put an X through our initials, and add the words ‘Null and Void*. The next time I went to find the tree, a number o f years after that, it was gone. My guess is that the tree was so ashamed at having been defaced with self­ contradictory graffiti that it simply fell over in act o f suicidal protest.

The urge to leave one's mark on the landscape - whether in a tree, a newly poured sidewalk, or the wall o f a cave - goes way. way back. One rather unusual form o f ancient markings is found in the picturesque, pastoral setting o f rural England. About a 30-minute drive from the city o f Oxford is a large area covered with the rolling green hills and herds o f grazing sheep that have found their way into countless works o f literature and film. Beneath the veneer o f grass and soil, some of these hills are made of chalk. And over the millennia, the landscape has become dotted with at least fifty large images made by carving through the top layers o f earth to expose the chalk beneath. O f these, about a dozen are pictures o f horses, and o f the horse carvings, the oldest and best known is the Uffington White Horse.

Although less famous than, say, Stonehenge the Uffington White Horse ranks right up there among ancient and inexplicable English monuments. It is a highly stylized outline o f a horse - recognizable, but not as well-defined as the other, more solid horse images. The carving is about 374 feet (1 13m) long, with the lines forming it ranging in width from about 5 to 10 feet (two to three meters).

This particular carving doesn't actually go all the way through the crust to the chalk beneath; instead, a relatively shallow trench was dug and filled in with chalk to make it almost flush with the surface.

The Uffington White Horse has the distinction o f being the largest of Britain's horse carvings (measured from head to tail). I f s also one o f only four such horses facing to the right, though no one knows for sure the significance of the horse’s direction, if any. And it’s the oldest horse carving, meaning it may have served as a prototype for the others.

Scientists have determined that the carving is about 3000 years old (give or take a few centuries), and though it is mentioned in literature dating back to the eleventh century, its original purpose - along with the identity o f its creators - is uncertain. Conjecture ranges from a tribal emblem, the equivalent o f a modern flag, to a commemorative symbol o f King Alfred’s triumphs over the Danes. Or perhaps it was a Celtic symbol o f the goddess Epona, whose job it was to protect horses. It may have been a territory marker, or simply (perish the thought) a giant piece o f abstract art. Although it has been referred to as a “ horse’’ for at least 1,000 years, there are some who believe that it was intended to represent a 12

dragon. If so. then dragons must have been much more horse-shaped in those days. In any case, the carving has been well tended over the centuries. Every seven years, weeds are removed and the outline smoothed to maintain its original size and shape.

One o f the most interesting things about the Uffington White Horse is that the only place to get a good view o f the whole thing is from the sky above. There are a few spots several miles away that provide a fair view o f most o f the outline, but the local topography is such that there is just no vantage point from which you can get a good view of the whole horse. This has, predictably, led some people to speculate that it was created as a signal to UFOs, although what exactly it would signify is a bit unclear (“ Horses for sale - next exit?”). Be that as it may. this peculiarity o f perspective must have made it a challenge to carve, and it makes the horse's original purpose all the more mysterious.

7 1. The word “pastoral” is closest in meaning t o __________ .

A. peaceful B. panoramic C. delirious D. unpolluted 72. Why does the writer tell us about the time he carved initials into a tree?

A. To prove that he loved his girlfriend.

B. To tell us about the damage we can do to the landscape.

C. To illustrate our need to preserve the present into the future.

D. To show that nothing lasts forever.

73. The writer mentions the area around Oxford to illustrate that i t __________ .

A. has featured in too many books and films.

B. lends itself to the creation o f hill carvings.

C. is covered in chalk and grass.

D. is covered in carvings of horses.

74. The horse o f Uffington differs in th a t__________ .

A. it's not as well known as many of Britain’s monuments.

B. nobody knows why it was originally built.

C. it w asn't carved into the chalk like the others.

D. it’s the only horse that does not face to the left.

75. The word “trench” is closest in meaning t o __________ .

A. a shallow pond B. a deep track C. a long deep hole D. a short bending tunnel 76. The White Horse o f Uffington__________ .

A. is the largest carved chalk figure in Britain.

B. may well have inspired similar designs.

C. was first mentioned 3000 years ago.

D. is a few centuries older than originally thought.

77. The true function o f the white horse is thought to b e __________ .

A. a religious symbol.

B. a monument to a victory in battle.

C. a decorative design.

D. a mystery.

78. The writer believes__________ .

A. the carving looks more like a horse than a dragon.

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B. the horse was originally meant to be a dragon.

C. the carving has changed shape over the years.

D. the original design is restored every seven years.

79. The writer believes t h a t __________ .

A. the horse may have been built to attract extra-terrestrial.

B. there's no logical reason to assume the carving was intended for aliens.

C. the whole horse can be seen well from several places.

D. it's unclear how the original designers used perspective.

80. The word “Conjecture“ is closest in meaning t o __________ .

A. Belief B. Vision C. Guess D. Saying

B. WRITTEN TES Ü I. CLOZE TEST: Read the text below and think of the word which best fits each space. Use only ONE W ORD for each space.

OPEN CLOZE 1 The first two decades o f this century were dominated by the microbe hunters.

These hunters had tracked ( 1 ) ___________ one after another o f the microbes responsible for the most dreaded scourges o f many centuries: tuberculosis. cholera, diphtheria. But (2) ___________ remained some terrible diseases for which no microbe could be incriminated: scurvy, pellagra, rickets, beriberi. Then it was discovered that these diseases were (3) __________ by the lack of vitamins, a trace substance in the diet. The disease could be prevented or cured by consuming foods that contained the vitamins. And so in the ( 4 ) __________ of the 1920’s and 1950’s, nutrition became a science and the vitamin hunters replaced the microbe hunters.

In the 1940’s and I950’s, biochemists strived to learn ( 5 ) _________ each of the vitamins was essential for health. They discovered that key enzymes in metabolism depend on one or ( 6 ) ____________ of the vitamins as coenzymes for growth and function. Now. these enzymes hunters occupied center stage.

You are aware that the enzyme hunters have been replaced by a new breed of hunters who are tracking genes - the blueprints for each o f the enzymes and are discovering the defective genes that caused ( 7 ) ____________ diseases - diabetes. cystic fibrosis. These gene hunters, or genetic engineers, use recombinant DNA technology to identify and clone genes and ( 8 ) ____________ them into bacterial cells and plants to create factories for the massive production o f hormones and ( 9 ) ___________ for medicine and for better crops for agriculture. Biotechnology has become a multibillion dollar ( 1 0 ) ____________ .

OPEN CLOZE 2 Situated in the central mountains o f Alaska, a peak named Denali rises 20.320 feet above sea level. It is the (1 1 ) ___________ peak in North America and the 14

center o f Denali National park. One of the America's greatest wilderness areas. the park has had ( 1 2 ) ____________ access to visitors, but in spite o f this, tourism rose from 6000 visitors in 1950 to over 546.000 visitors in 1990. The increasing ( 1 3 ) ____________ o f this park is prompting serious discussions about the future use of Denali as well as how to preserve wilderness areas in ( 1 4 ) ____________ .

One important issue o f land use arises when parts o f the National Parks are owned by individuals. In Denali, ( 1 5 ) ____________ most o f the land in this vast tract of more than a million acres is owned by the National Park Service, several thousand acres are still (16) ____________ owned as missing tracts. These mining tracts in Denali were once abundant sources o f gold, but they also were sources o f ( 1 7 ) ____________ metals such as arsenic and lead that polluted rivers and streams.

Environmentalists were successful in getting the government to require mining companies to submit statements showing the potential impact o f a mining project before they are (18) ____________ to begin mining. Because o f this requirement, many individuals closed their mines and some sold their land to the National Park Service. Some land owners, ( 1 9 ) ____________ . are wondering if it is better to sell their land to the government or keep it for possible future use.

Tourism in this previously remote area is bound to rise, as more roads are built to provide easier access to the park. This increase in the number o f visitors creates a demand for hotels and other real estate development. The economic implications o f this are of (20) ____________ to the land owners, but are dismaying to those interested in preserving the wilderness.

II. W ORD FORM ATION: PART 1: Complete each sentence, using the correct form of the word in parentheses, 1. T h e ______________ sports stadium i? the pride of the city. (FUTURE) 2. She is one o f those , , ______ « 2- ^ o p l e who never get angry or upset.

(PERTURB) ^ r _ 3. Nadal has defeated his

"F£rrer in the quarter final. (PATRIOTISM)

4. Salt water has m o re ____________ than fresh water. (BUOY) 5. H i s _________________ injury put him out of contention for the championship.

(CAPACITY) 6. S h e ________________ the things we need to buy - sugar, tea and sandwiches.

(NUMBER) 7. ____________ . we should stay in a hostel instead o f a hotel. (BUDGET) 8. The new BMW has a more powerful engine than i t s ___________________ .

(PRECEDE) 9. S h e ________________ herself, left the farm and moved to London. (ROOT) 10. Many f is h _____________ protect their eggs from predators. (GENIUS) 15

PART 2: Com plete the passage with appropriate forms from the words given in the box.

south hill

lie migrate

exploit

ultimacy

ornament

fro n t

conserve

originate

The whooping crane is a grand, ( 1 1 ) ______________ waterfowl native only to North America. Its features are striking, as a mature whooping crane is all white and stands five feet tall with a wingspan o f about eight feet. Previously, wild flocks spent the warmer parts o f the year in their native habitat o f northern Canada, and. around August, they made the 2.500-mile ( 1 2 ) ___________ journey to the gulf coast o f Texas in the United States. Today, only one flock remains in the wild, and it consists o f about one hundred and fifty to two hundred whooping cranes. Continuing (13) ____________ efforts are attempting to increase its populations, which face, as they traditionally have, a/an ( 1 4 ) __________ battle. by introducing new habitats and educational methods o f migration.

There are two major factors which (15) ___________ the decline o f the whooping crane in the early twentieth century. First, they were ( 1 6 ) ___________ hunted by people for food as well as beautiful feathers, which were used for (17) ___________ purposes. Second, their natural habitat wetlands were beginning to dry up due to agricultural ( 1 8 ) ____________ and development. Thirdly, which perhaps had the most dramatic effect, was the fact that the eggs o f the whooping crane were prized by collectors. Once the eggs were pillaged from nests, future generations became placed even more in jeopardy. Fortunately, the whooping crane, like other endangered species such as the bald eagle. ( 1 9 ) ______________ became a protected species by federal law. The issue o f how to increase their numbers back to comfortable _____________ o f attention.

levels, therefore, has moved

to the (20)

III. ERROR CORRECTION: The following passage contains 10 errors. Identify and correct them.

Since water is the basis o f life, composing the greater part o f the tissues o f all living things, the crucial problem o f desert animals is to survive in a world where sources o f flowing water are rare. And since man's inexorably necessity is to absorb large quantities of water in frequent intervals, he can scarcely comprehend what many creatures o f the desert pass their entire lives without a single drop.

Uncompromising as it is. the desert has not eliminated life but only those forms unable to withstand its desiccating effects. No moist-skinned, water-loving animals can exist there. Few large animals are found. The giants o f the North 16

American desert are the deer, the coyote, and the bobcat. Since desert country is open, it holds more swift-footed running and leaping creations than the tangled forest. Its population is hugely nocturnal, silent, filled with reticence, and ruled stealth. Yet they are not emaciated.

Having adapted to their austere environment, they are as healthful as animals anywhere else in the world. The secret of their adjustment lies in the combination of behavior and physiology. Nobody could survive if, like mad dogs and Englishmen, they go out in the midday sun; many would die in a while o f minutes. So most of them pass the burning hours asleep in cool, humid burrows underneath the ground, emerging to hunt only by night. The coverage of the sun-baked desert averages around 150 degrees, but 18 inches down the air is only 60 degrees.

IV. SENTENCE TRANSFO RM ATION:

Rewrite the following sentences using the words given.

1. Richard only took over the family business because his father decided to retire early.

—> H ad ... .... ................. ........................................

2. We would always take great care when flying at night. (WITS) —> We ulways used 3. There haven't been such long queues at the cinema since the release of'llTe 1 last blockbuster..

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

..................

—>Not .. ....

I will only be satisfied if the manager apologizes fully.

—» Nothing short .

She was concentrating so hard on her work’that she didn’t notice w h e n T T c iM ^ in. (WRAPPED) —> She was s o ...

The price o f the house has been reduced as much as’ pi/SsfbWnSfeckuse the owner needs some money. (BONE) f ^ f —> The h o u se .. *. «v- <.

The permit expires at the end.of the month. , /.

—> The perm it is n o t ...... . .........

The first sign o f the disease is blurred vision. (ONSET) *

»A

*

X

S

I

I

fc

9. Don’t say anything negative about her hair because she's very sensitive and might be offended by your remarks^ (OFFENCE) - > ........ . ............... ......

10. The new teacher was so nervous that the class reacted mischievously.

(REACTION) —» The new teacher’s ................. ......... .

3-17

. MULTIPLE CHOICE (40 PTS I. PH ONOLOG Y (5PTS) Choose the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from the others.

D. limber 1. A. bomber C. indebted B. subtlety 2. A. asthma D. anthropology B. atheism C. athlete 3. A. accredit D. sa[iva B. salamander C. majesty 4. A. dogged C. markedly D. plugged B. advisedly 5. A. archetype D. chronicle B. chromatic C. ricochet Choose the word which is stressed differently from the other three.

6. A. argumentative 7. A. ecotourism 8. A. hieroglyphics 9. A. ingenuity 10. A. mausoleum

B. B. B. B. B.

theoretical hierarchy horizontal guarantee testimony

C. C. C. C. C.

contributory acropolis revolutionary caravansary miniature

D. hypersensitive D. neighborhood D. aristocracy D. committee D. meteorite

II. W ORD CH O ICE (5 PTS): Choose the best options to complete the following sentences.

11. We knew Tom was looking for the right tool from t h e _________ o f sounds which came from the shed.

A. sputter B. clatter C. mutter 6 D. flutter 12. The vegetation on the island w a s _________.

A. exuberant B. chivalrous C. overcast D. ingenious 13. Despite the high divorce rate, t h e _________o f marriage remains popular.

A. practice B. habit C. institution D. state 14. Before the invention o f the Internet, people couldn’t _________ o f such universal access to information.

A. reminisce B. conceive C. contemplate D. access 15. A new computer has been produced, which will _ ____all previous models.

A. overdo B. supersede C. excel D. overwhelm 16. Most teenagers go through a rebellious________ for a few years but they soon grow out o f it.

A. stint B. span C. duration D. phase 17. The m a tc h _________in the darkness.

B. flared flared A. glared B. C. giowea glowed D. gleamed «learned 18. The use o f v ita m in _______ and herbs has become increasingly popular among Americans.

A. components B. materials C. ingredients D. supplements 19. As a matter o f _________, we have six security guards on the premises at all times.

A. wisdom B. prudence C. foresight D. acumen 18

20. She marched into the shop, as bold a s _________, and demanded for her money back.

A. bass B. grass C. brass D. glass III. G RAM M AR AND STRUCTURES (5PTS): Choose the best options to complete the following sentences.

21. _____ as taste is really a composite sense made up o f both taste and smell.

A. That we refer to B. What we refer to C. To which we refer D. What do we refer to 22. This car has many features including_________.

A. stereo, safety devices, air condition, and it saves gas B. good music, safe devices, air conditioning, and gas C. stereo, safety devices, air conditioned, and good gas D. stereo, safety devices, air conditioning, and low gas mileage 23. There a r e _________words in English having more than one meaning. Pay close attention to this fact.

A. a large many B. quite many C. quite a lot D. a great many 24. In fact, the crim inals_________in because the front door was wide open and so they just walked in.

A. needn’t have broken B. shouldn’t have break C. didn’t need to break D. couldn’t have broken 25. In bas-relief sculpture, a design projects very slightly from its background, some coins.

A. as on B. because C. the way that D. similarly 26. _________ workers found accidentally while constructing a new subway line in London yielded new information about previous civilizations in the area could be well-documented.

A. Relics that B. That relics that C. It was relics that D. Not until relics that 27. Declared an endangered species in the United States,_________.

A. the ginseng root has been gathered almost to the point o f extinction B. gathering the ginseng root almost to the point o f extinction C. people have gathered the ginseng root almost to the point o f extinction D. the near extinction o f the ginseng root to excessive gathering 28. I eventually managed to find the office,_________.

A. but not until after I’d got lost several times B. so I had been looking for over an hour C. that was easy and didn’t take very long D. since it wasn’t clearly marked on the map I had 29. Round and r o u n d _________.

A. the wheels o f the engine went B. did the wheels o f the engine go C. went the wheels o f the engine D. going the wheels o f the engine 30. ________, it is obvious that the whole thing was a waste of time and effort.

A. None o f us wanted to go in the first place B. Staff meetings are often boring and have no apparent point to them 19

c. Since the results were far more satisfactory than anyone had expected D.

Seeing thát we couldn't solve anything in the end

IV. PH RASAL VERBS AND PREPOSITIONS (5 PTS) 31. The old lady's savings were considerable as she had _________ a little money each week.

A. put by B. put in put apart D. put down 32. Half the people in the office h a v e ________________ a strange illness.

A. gone in for B. gone alon" with gone through with D. gone down with 33. 1 can’t afford t o _________on another foreign holiday this year.

A. set out B. splash out take out D. give out 34. I don't want to sound like I’m __________ the law, but if you don't keep the noise down, you’ll have to leave.

A. putting in B. passing over laying down D. giving over 35. 1 u s u a lly _________work at about half past five so I’m home by six thirty most nights.

A. end up B. kick off knock off D. knuckle down 36. I’m not sure if I’m doing it right, but I’ll try t o _____ ahead with it anyway.

A. drive B. bang touch D. press 37. I don’t think she can get her m essa g e _________to the students. She seems too nervous.

A. across B. around out D. over 38. The weather was fine, and everyone w a s _________the coast.

A. going in for B. making for joining in D. seeing about 39. When she c a m e _________, she found herself in a hospital.

A. out B. round off D. over 40. Could you lend me some money t o _______me over to the end o f the month?

A. hand B. tide get D. make

c.

c.

c. c. c.

c.

c.

c.

c.

c.

V. GUIDED CLOZE 1 (5PTS): Read the text below and decide which answer best fits each space.

Coincident with concerns about the (41) ___________ loss o f species and habitats has been a growing appreciation o f the importance o f biological diversity, the number o f species in a ( 4 2 ) ___________ ecosystem, to the health o f the Earth and human well-being. Much has been written about the diversity o f terrestrial organisms, particularly the exceptionally rich life associated with tropical rain-forest habitats. Relatively little has been said, however, about the diversity o f life in the sea even though coral reef systems are ( 4 3 ) ___________ to rain forests in terms o f richness o f life.

An alien exploring Earth would probably give (44) ___________ to the planet's dominant, most-djstinctive feature — the ocean. Humans have a bias toward land that sometimes gets in the way o f truly examining global issues.

Seen from far away, it is easy to realize that landmasses occupy only one-third of 20

the Earth's surface. Given that two-thirds o f the Earth's surface is water and that marine life lives at all levels o f the ocean, the total three-dim ensional living space o f the ocean is perhaps 100 times greater than that o f land and (4 5 ) ___________ more than 90 percent o f all life on Earth even though the ocean has fewer distinct species.

The fact that half o f the known species are thought to inhabit the world's rain forests does not seem surprising, considering the huge numbers o f insects that comprise the ( 4 6 ) ___________ o f the species. One scientist found many different species o f ants in just one tree from a rain forest. While every species is different from every other species, their genetic makeup ( 4 7 ) ___________________ them to be insects and to share similar characteristics with 750,000 species o f insects.

If basic, broad categories such as phyla and classes are given more emphasis than differentiating between species, then the greatest diversity o f life is ( 4 8 ) ___________ the sea. Nearly every major type o f plant and animal has some representation there.

To appreciate ( 4 9 ) ___________ the diversity of abundance o f life in the sea, it helps to think small. Every spoonful of ocean water contains life, on the order of 100 to 100,000 bacteria cells plus assorted microscopic plants and animals, including (50) ___________ o f organisms ranging from sponges and corals to starfish and clams and much more.

D. alleviating C. upgrading B. ascending 41. A. accelerating C. particular D. specific B. single 42. A. individual C. corresponding D. simulated B. comparable 43. A. relative D. research C. reference 44. A. attention B. priority D. composes C. covers B. consists 45. A. contains D. load C. bulk B. gross 46. A. mass D. constrains C. encloses B. restricts 47. A. deduces D. unquestionably B. unchangeably C. inconstantly 48. A. doubtlessly D. entirely B. completely C. fully 49. A. wholly D. larvae B. algae C. fungi 50. A. embryos GUIDED CLOZE 2 (5PTS): Read the text below and decide which answer best fits each space.

LOOKING INTO SPACE ________ mankind ever since we first gazed upward.

Outer space has (51) ________ the naked eyes It was easy enough to see stars in the night sky ( 5 2 ) ________ and many (53) ___________ civilizations also noticed that certain groups appeared to form familiar shapes. They used these constellations to help with navigation and as a means o f predicting the seasons and making calendars.

Ancient astronomers also perceived points o f light that moved. They believed they were wandering stars and the word “planet” was ( 5 4 ) ___________ from the Greek word for “wanderers” . For much of human history, it was also believed that the Earth was the center o f the Universe and that the planets circled the 21

Earth, and that falling meteorites and solar eclipses were ( 5 5 ) ___________ of disaster.

It wasn’t until the 16lh century that Polish mathematician and astronomer Nicolaus Copernicus presented a mathematical model o f how the Sun actually moved around the Earth, challenging the ( 5 6 ) ___________ understanding o f how the solar system worked. The Italian physicist and astronomer Galileo Galilei then used a telescope to prove this theory to be correct.

Many technological advances have allowed us to probe ( 5 7 ) ___________ space since then, and one of the most pioneering was when the first manned spacecraft, the Apollo 11, successfully ( 5 8 ) ___________gravity and touched down on the moon's surface. Nevertheless, much of our research must be done from far greater distances. The Hubble Space Telescope was carried into orbit by a space shuttle in April 1990 and it has allowed cosmologists to gather incredible data.

Most (5 9 )_________, it has provided a great deal o f evidence to support the Big Bang Theory, that is, the idea that the Universe originated as a hot. ( 6 0 ) _________ state at a certain time in the past and has continued to expand since then.

B. struck 51. A. aroused C. inquired D. intrigued 52. A. by B. with C. from D. in 53. A. primary B. early D. initial C. first 54. A. derived B. originated C. descended D. inferred 55. A. signals B. images D. omens C. heralds 56. A. domineering C. controlling D. dominating B. prevailing B. on 57. A. at C. into D. towards 58. A. broke through B. got over D. went ahead C. came off 59. A. magnificently B. brilliantly C. significantly D. expressively 60. A. thick B. dense C. intense D. fraught VI. READING PASSAGE 1 (5PTS): Read the text below and choose the best answer to each question.

THE TRUTH ABOUT THE ENVIRONM ENT For many environmentalists, the world seems to be getting worse. They have developed a hit-list o f our main fears: that natural resources are running out; that the population is ever growing, leaving less and less to eat; that species are becoming extinct in vast numbers, and that the planet's air and water are becoming ever more polluted.

But a quick look at the facts shows a different picture. First, energy and other natural resources have become more abundant, not less so, since the book "The Limits to Growth " was published in 1972 by a group o f scientists. Second, more food is now produced per head o f the world's population than at any time in history. Fewer people are starving. Third, although species are indeed becoming extinct, only about 0.7% o f them are expected to disappear in the next 50 years, not 25-50%, as has so often been predicted. And finally, most forms o f environmental pollution either appear to have been exaggerated, or are transient - associated with the early phases o f industrialization and therefore best cured 22

not by restricting economic growth, but by accelerating it. One form o f pollution - the release o f greenhouse gases that causes global warming - does appear to be a phenomenon that is going to extend well into our future, but its total impact is unlikely to pose a devastating problem. A bigger problem may well turn out to be an inappropriate response to it.

Yet opinion polls suggest that many people nurture the belief that environmental standards are declining and four factors seem to cause this disjunction between perception and reality.

One is the lopsidedness built into scientific research. Scientific funding goes mainly to areas with many problems. That may be wise policy, but it will also create an impression that many more potential problems exist than is the case.

Secondly, environmental groups need to be noticed by the mass media. They also need to keep the money rolling in. Understandingly, perhaps, they sometimes overstate their arguments. In 1997, for example, the Worldwide Fund for Nature issued a Press release entitled: "Two thirds o f the world's forests lost forever". The truth turns out to be nearer 20%.

Though these groups are run overwhelmingly by selfless folk, they nevertheless share many o f the characteristics of other lobby groups. That would matter less if people applied the same degree of skepticism to environmental lobbying as they do to lobby groups in other fields. A trade organization arguing for, say. weaker pollution controls is instantly seen as self-interested. Yet a green organization opposing such a weakening is seen as altruistic , even if an impartial view of the controls in question might suggest they are doing more harm than good.

A third source o f confusion is the attitude o f the media. People are clearly more curious about bad news than good. Newspapers and broadcasters are there to provide what the public wants. That, however, can lead to significant distortions o f perception. An example was America's encounter with El Nino in 1997 and 1998. This climatic phenomenon was accused o f wrecking tourism, causing allergies, melting the ski-slopes and causing 22 deaths. However, according to an article in the Bulletin o f the American Meteorological Society, the damage it did was estimated at US$4 billion but the benefits amounted to some US$ 19 billion. These came from higher winter temperatures (which saved an estimated 850 lives, reduced heating costs and diminished spring floods caused by melt-waters).

The fourth factor is poor individual perception. People worry that the endless rise in the amount o f stuff everyone throws away will cause the world to run out o f places to dispose o f waste. Yet, even if America's trash output continues to rise as it has done in the past, and even if the American population doubles by 2100, all the rubbish America produces through the entire United States.

So what o f global warming? As we know, carbon dioxide emissions are causing the planet to warm. The best estimates are that the temperatures will rise by 2-3° in this century, causing considerable problems, at a total cost of US$5,000 billion.

23

Despite the intuition that something drastic needs to be done about such a costly problem, economic analyses clearly show it will be far more expensive to cut carbon dioxide emissions radically than to pay the costs o f adaptation to the increased temperatures. A model by one o f the main authors o f the United Nations Climate Change Panel shows how an expected temperature increase of 2.1 degrees in 2100 would only be diminished to an increase o f 1.9 degrees. Or to put it another way, the temperature increase that the planet would have experienced in 2094 would be postponed to 2100.

So this does not prevent global warming, but merely buys the world six years.

Yet the cost o f reducing carbon dioxide emissions, for the United States alone, will be higher than the cost of solving the world's single, most pressing health problem: providing universal access to clean drinking water and sanitation. Such measures would avoid 2 million deaths every year, and prevent half a billion people from becoming seriously ill.

It is crucial that we look at the facts if we want to make the best possible decisions for the future. It may be costly to be overly optimistic - but more costly still to be too pessimistic.

6 1. What aspect o f scientific research does the writer express concern about in paragraph 4?

A. the need to produce results B. the lack o f financial support C. the selection o f areas to research D. the desire to solve every research problem 62. The writer quotes from the Worldwide Fund for nature to illustrate how A. influential the mass media can be B. effective environmental groups can be C. the mass media can help groups raise funds D. environmental groups can exaggerate their claims 63. What is the writer's main point about lobby groups in paragraph 6?

A. Some are more active than others B. Some are better organized than others C. Some receive more criticism than others D. Some support more important issues than others 64. The writer suggests that newspapers print items that are intended t o _____ A. educate readers B. meet their readers' expectations C. encourage feedback from readers D. mislead readers 65. What does the writer say about America's waste problem?

A. It will increase in line with population.

B. It is not as important as we have been led to believe.

C. It has been reduced through public awareness o f the issues.

D. It is only significant in certain areas o f the country.

66. Which environmental problem is not mentioned in a hit-list?

A. overpopulation B. air contamination C. food shortage D. shorter life expectancy 24

67. “Transient” is closest in meaning t o _________________.

A. continuing only for a short time B. permanently existing C. directly affected D. resulting from another impact 68. “A ltruistic” is closest in meaning t o _________________ .

A. selfless B. optimistic C. skeptical D. obvious 69. Which o f the statements is not true according to the passage?

A. Environmentalists take a pessimistic view o f the world for a number o f reasons.

B. Optimism and pessimism are equally costly.

C. Though scientific funding may wisely go to areas with many problems, there is an impression that potential problems will exceed the true ones.

D. The public's false perception is partly due to mass media attitude.

70. Which o f the following is not considered as the consequences o f El Nino 1997 and 1998?

A. damaged tourism B. allergy spread C. increased temperature D. ski-slope melting READING PASSAGE 2 (5PTS): Read the text below and choose the best answer to each question.

LIVESTRONG - BUT W ILL THE LEGACY? In the early - to mid - 1990s. Lance Armstrong was on the up-and-up.

Success seemed to be written in his stars; he notched up a stage win at the 1993 Tour de France, then another in 1995. This cyclist was clearly coming o f age in the sport, and he was, at 24 on registering his second tour win. still a relative baby in cycling terms - most o f his career lay ahead o f him. Then, just when it looked like he would conquer all before him, his 1996 tour was cut disappointingly short due to illness. And, as it would soon emerge, this was no ordinary illness; Armstrong had testicular cancer. Fans were aghast and there was an outpouring o f sympathy for him.

But Armstrong would need more than goodwill to get through this. The cancer had metastasized to the lungs and the brain. The prognosis was not at all good. Months o f spirit - and body-breaking chemotherapy followed and a delicate surgical procedure to remove the malignancies on his brain was performed. Cycling mourned the surely permanent loss to the sport o f one o f its most promising young disciples. But Armstrong wasn't finished yet.

In 1998. he made a remarkable, defiant and inspirational return to cycling and competed in the Tour de France again the following year. But surely his would now only be a cameo role; after all. what could one expect from a cancer survivor with a compromised liver and the other familiar scars o f cancer therapy? Except Armstrong had other ideas.

Four stage wins later, the legend o f Armstrong was born; he had claimed the Tour and defied the odds in the most emphatic o f manners. FI is victory represented not just his announcement as a force in cycling, but as a force for hope for millions o f cancer sufferers the world over. Indeed, Armstrong threw 25

himself into campaigning for his newly-established cancer foundation.

Livestrong - so much so that he metamorphosed into a sort o f humanembodiment o f the cause - he became the cause, and his annual battle with the French Alps came to represent the struggle against the deadly disease. So long as Lance could succeed, there was hope.

And succeed he did, beyond the wildest expectations o f even the most optimistic of his supporters, amassing a further six titles - so seven in consecution - before he retired in 2005. His achievements were simply remarkable; his story absorbing; his book a must-read for all cancer sufferers - their ray o f hope; proof that hopefulness should never fade and that sanguinity can and does make light of the odds, the tunnel, though long and at times excruciating to pass through, has an end, and it is a happy one - the light is in sight.

After his seventh victory, he retired and the sporting world entered congratulatory mode, writing his eulogies. But Armstrong had one more surprise for us; he w asn't finished yet. There were whispers o f a comeback; confirmed in 2009, and so it was that the legend would ride again.

But the renewed focus on him wasn't all good; there were whispers o f another kind, too; sources, some credible, were claiming he had had an illicit ally all through his exploits; he was, they claimed, in bed with the syringe. Our champion laughed off and dismissed these claims but the rumors persisted and a cloud began to form over his legacy. Surely Armstrong could not have earned his victories clean, some said.

We may never know for sure. Fast-forward to 2012 and despite an abandoned federal case, those sharpening their knives for Armstrong seem to have finally nabbed him; ASADA, the U.S. body tasked with cracking down on drug offenders charged Armstrong with doping and the trafficking o f drugs - and some say his failure to contest is indicative o f his guilt. At any rate, because he pleaded no-contest, he will now be stripped o f all his titles; his legacy has been pulled from under him.

And yet he has not, and now may never be tried, so we have not seen the evidence against him. We do not know if he is guilty or innocent, and it still remains fact that he never failed an official drug test. Did he cheat? Does it matter? Does anyone care? Time may tell, but for now, though his legacy is tainted, his legend, in the eyes o f many of his loyal supporters, lives on.

7 1. What does the writer mean when he says in the first paragraph that Lance Armstrong was “coming o f age in the sport?’'

A. He was o f the right age to be a competitive cyclist.

B. He was nearly at the age at which it is expected that a cyclist should win.

C. He was o f a mature age for a cyclist and had few years left in the sport.

D. He was beginning to figure as a real contender in his sport.

72. Which of the following statements is true about the cancer Armstrong had?

A. Fie recovered remarkably quickly from it, suffering little.

B. It started in the lungs and spread to the brain.

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C. Doctors were optimistic about his chances o f survival.

D. The generally held view was that it would prevent him from cycling professionally every again.

73. Why does the writer say, “Except Arm strong had other ideas,” at the end o f the third paragraph?

A. Armstrong was determined to play some role in the Tour de France again.

B. Armstrong's idea o f victory had changed since he’d had cancer.

C. Armstrong was determined to defy the odds and become a real contender in the Tour de France.

D. Armstrong didn't want to race for victory, he just wanted to represent cancer victims.

74. What does the writer compare Armstrong’s Tour de France campaign struggle each year after his return to the sport with?

A. the general fight against cancer B. a cancer organization C. his fund raising for cancer D. Armstrong's own personal cancer experience 75. What is one of the ways in which his story became about more than just cycling?

A. His published biography became a source of inspiration for cancer sufferers.

B. Cycling through a tunnel was like fighting cancer.

C. He gave people hope that they could one day be professional athletes, too.

D. He gave people the belief to fight the disease that is drug-taking in sport.

76. What can be inferred about the rumours o f Armstrong’s drug-taking?

A. They were disproved in a state court ease.

B. They have not caused Armstrong's reputation and record any charm.

C. They were eventually proved true beyond doubt.

D. He had, but passed up, an opportunity to disprove them.

77. Which o f the following is closest in meaning to the word “defiant”?

A. surprising B. unyielding C. emotional D. impulsive 78. Which o f the following is closest in meaning to the word “sanguinity ”?

A. cheerfulness B. persistence C. sympathy D. perseverance 79. Which o f the following is closest in meaning to the word “official”?

A. rough B. formal C. constant D. severe 80. Which o f the following terms has been given a definition in the passage?

A. eulogies B. Tour de FranceC. ASADA D. chemotheraphy

i=mYiam=Kii35i

I. CLOZE TEST (20PTS): Read the text below and think of the word which best fits each space. Use only ONE WORD for each space.

OPEN CLOZE 1 (10PTS) Interpreting the feelings o f other people is not always easy, as we all know.

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and we rely as much on what they seem to be telling us. as ( 1 ) ___________ the actual words they say. Facial (2) ___________ and tone ot voice are obvious ways o f showing our reaction to something, and it may ( 3 ) ___________ be that we unconsciously express views that we are trying to hide. The art o f being tactful (4) ____________ in picking up these signals, realizing what the other person is trying to say. and acting so that they are not embarrassed in any way.

For example, we may understand that they are in fact reluctant to answer our question, and so we stop pressing them. Body movements in general may also indicate feelings, and interviewers often pay particular attention to the way a candidate for a job walks into the room and sits down. However, it is not difficult to present the right kind of appearance, while ( 5 ) ___________ many employers want to know' relates to the candidate's character ( 6 ) ___________ and psychological stability. This (7) ___________ the awkward question o f whether job candidates should be asked to complete psychological tests, and the further problem o f whether such tests actually produce reliable results.

For many people, being asked to take part in such a test would be an objectionable intrusion ( 8 ) ___________ their private lives.

After all, a prospective employer would ( 9 ) ___________ ever ask a candidate to run a hundred meters, or expect his or her family doctor to provide confidential medical information. ( 1 0 ) ___________ apart from this problem, can such tests predict whether a person is likely to be a conscientious employee or a valued colleague?

O P E N C L O Z E 2 (10PTS) The point at which physical decline with age begins adversely to affect a driver's capability has not yet been thoroughly studied. A survey o f more than 3,000 road accidents in Michigan ( 1 1 ) ___________ drivers aged over 55 showed that in eight out of ten cases, ( 1 2 ) ___________ was a driver over the age o f 71 who had caused collision by failing to yield, turning carelessly ( 1 3 ) ___________ changing lanes.

Older drivers are obviously more susceptible (14) ___________ injury in vehicle crashes, as well as being a potential higher risk through their own ( 15 ) ___________ behavior.

Reactions time in an emergency involves many different physical factors such as the production o f the (16) ___________ impulse, perception o f the signal. choice o f response and transmission to the muscles.

Some o f these deteriorate more than others with age. but the overall effect increases the time it takes to respond for more ( 1 7 ) ___________ drivers.

Part o f the aging (18) ___________ , however, does include the storage of experience, often in the subconscious, ( 1 9 ) ___________ triggers earlier danger warnings than in younger drivers who have not experienced similar situations.

This maturity o f judgment heightens the perception o f risk and often (20)______ older drivers to avoid a situation which might then put them.to the test.

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II. W ORD FORM ATION: (20PTS) PART 1: Complete each sentence, using the correct form of the word in parentheses.

1. The planning authorities gave the school the ____ _ for an 4 extension. ' ’ , \GO) 2. I \vant to make sure all my dependants will be financially secure it I'm _ v in any way. ( CAPACITY) 3. He is- a,bad manager yn that factory and everyone is in an attempt to ________ him. v , > {FAME) ________ ___ at this year's F. A. Club final 4. The referee who will b e ___ is one o f my relatives, you know. . ( O F F IC IA L) 5. 1 was surprised by h i s ___ , __________'to break the law.

(P R E P A R E ) 6. It thrives in a vacuum of consumer information that might give everybody a(n)l reason to go somewhere else. ( R E F U TE ) 7. She stood there com pletely__ _, so 1 had no idea at all what she was thinking.

T ( EX PRESSIO N ) 8. Throughout the 1790s, he worked hard to secure the interest o f wealthy ___ /enabled him to concentrate on becoming a patrons. Such _j successful composer. 1 n (PATRON) 9. Children who grow up in time of war are more likely to be J than others.

(AD\JUST)~\ 10. The years in isolation and adversity have deepened his

(KNOW) PART 2: Com plete the passage with the appropriate forms from the words given in the box.

regular tour fo rce instrum ent comment supposedly fantasia custom substance conceive Tourism, holiday making and travel are these days more significant social phenomena than most (11) ______________ have considered. Tourism is a leisure activity which (12) ______________ its opposite namely regulated or organized work. It is one manifestation o f how work and leisure are organized as separate and regulated spheres of social practice in modern societies. Indeed, acting as a tourist is one o f the defining characteristics o f being modern and the popular ( 1 3 ) ______________ o f tourism is that it is organized within particular places and occurs for ( 1 4 ) ______________ periods o f time. Tourist relationships arise from a movement o f people to and their stay in various destinations. This ( 1 5 ) ______________ involves some movement that is a new place or places. The journey and the stay are, by definition, outside the normal places o f residence and work, and are o f a short term and temporary nature, and there is a clear intention to return home within a relatively short period o f time.

A (16) ______________ proportion o f the population o f modern societies engages in such tourist practices. New socialized forms o f provision have developed in order to cope with the mass character o f the gazes o f tourists as opposed to the individual character o f travel. Places are chosen to be visited and 29

be gazed upon because there is an anticipation especially through daydreaming and ( 1 7 ) __________ o f intense pleasures, either on a different scale or involving different senses from those (18) _________encountered. Such anticipation is constructed and sustained through a variety of (19) ______________ practices such as films, TV. literature, magazines, records and videos which construct and ( 2 0 ) ______________ this daydreaming.

III. ERRO R CO RRECTION (10PTS): The following passage contains 10 errors. Identify and correct them.

1 No education medium better serves as a means of spatial communication than the atlas. Atlases deal with as invaluable information as population distribution and density. One o f the best/Pennycooke’s World Atlas, had been widely accepted as a standard owing to the quality o f their maps s and photographs, which not only show various settlements but also portray them in a variety o f scales. In fact, the very first map in the atlas is cleverly designed population cartogram that projects the size o f each country if the geographical size is proportional for population. Following the proportional outlay, a sequence o f smaller maps shows the world’s population density, each country’s birth and death rates, population increase or decrease, industrialization, urbanization, gross national products in terms of per capital income, the quality o f medical care, literacy, and language. Giving readers a perspective on how their own country fits in with the global view, additive projections depict the i? world’s patterns in nutrition, calorie and protein consumption, health care, number o f physicians per unit o f population, and life expectancy by region. Population density maps on a subcontinental scale, as well as political maps, convey the diversely demographic phenomena o f the 19 world in a broad array o f scales.

IV. SENTENCE TRANSFO RM ATION (20PTS): Rewrite the following sentences using the words given.

1. Mr. Foster asked me to write this letter to you.

—» It is at

’ I 2. The only thing that prevented the pas^iyg o f the bill was the death o f Prime Minister.

—> Were it _

_____

3. Jane persuaded the others to agree with her point o f view.

- kr _ê I a . 1 —» Jane brought _ 4. The inhabitants were far worse-off twenty years ago than they are now.

—» The inhabitants are nowhere

30

■.

tys)

5. They designed the stadium to make hooliganism impossible. (SUCH) —> The stadium

^ f

,

[/ ,

, 1v ^ o u t h o o li^ n ism .

_________ f —

r . j --------------------------------------------------------------------------- O

6. My friend took no notice of my advice. (D E A F ), -»

.. r I 7. He didn't think much o f the musical show yesterday. (OPINION) ■—> He

musical show yesterday.

-

.

-

the

8. He was finally able to adjust himself to the new working condition. (SWING) —» He finally _

'*

n

9. Some airlines cheat people by charging them too much for ticketsi^pfeip^' ^ ‘ ** * i \ 10. They believe that the hotel was quite near the beach. (TH$.T?W) —> The hotel is

mmssssssmssnm

I. PH O N O L O G Y (5PTS) C hoose the w ord w hose underlined part is pronounced differently from the others.

1. A .e p o c h B. lichen C. archipelago D. chemise 2. A. hatred B. allegedly C. deluged D. dogged o J. A. complacent B. preface C. menace D. palace 4. A. convalescence B. crescendo C. effervescent D. scenic 5. A. massage B. pilgrimage C. pillage D. dosage C hoose the w ord w h ich is stressed differently from the other three.

6. A. comm entator B. salbutamol C. netiquette D. predecessor 7. A. procrastinate B. jeopardize C. hibernate D. frivolous 8. A. hermaphrodite B. telepathy C-. kaleidoscope D. nevertheless 9. A. discrepancy B. convivial C. gimmickry D. irrevocable 10. A. conscientious B. officialese C. consanguinity D. naturalistic II. W O R D C H O IC E (5 PTS):

Choose the best options to complete the fo llo w in g sentences.

11. All his hard w o r k ______________in great success.

A. accounted B. culminated C. merged D. succum bed 31

'

12. S h e ’s certainly a ______________ writer; she has written quite a few books this year.

A. fruitful B. prolific C. fertile D. successful 13. The contem porary dialogue for me struck a slig h tly _________ note.

A. disem bodied B. discordant C. dismissive D. disconcerting 14. We decided to celebrate by going out and painting the t o w n ______.

A. red B. purple C. gold D. brown.

15. Not being able to find m y phone number is a p r e t t y _____________excuse for not contacting me.

16.

17.

18.

19.

20.

A. fragile B. frail C. feeble D. faint The new airport was constructed in t h e ___________ o f fierce opposition from environmentalists.

A. face B. teeth C. tooth and nail D. fangs A ccording to the _____________ o f the contract, tenants m ust give six m onths' notice if they intend to live.

A. laws B. rules C. terms D. details She w a s n 't allowed into the c o u n tr y ,_____________ because her parents a re n 't in order.

A. subsequently B. presumably C. admittedly D. paradoxically Both o f the jobs I'v e been offered are fantastic opportunities - I'm in s u c h ____________ !

A. a dwelling B. a grudge C. an arrayD. a quandary The Red Cross i s _____________an international aid organization.

A. intriguingly B. intrusively C. intrinsically D. intrepidly

III. G R A M M A R A N D ST R U C T U R E S (5PTS): C hoose the best options to com plete the follow ing sentences.

21. U p _____________, and the people cheered.

A. went the balloon B. did the balloon go C. had the balloon gone D. the balloon went 22. M arine reptiles are am ong the few creatures that are known to have a possible life span greater t h a n _____________ .

A. man B. the man C. the one o f the m a n 's D. that o f man 23. He s e e m s _____________for the experience.

A. none worse B. none the worse C. none worse at all D. none the worst 24. The university’s p ro g ra m s _______________ .

A. only come£$econd after Harvard B. are second only to those o f Harvard 32

C. are first except for H arvard’s D. are second place from that o f Harvard 25. You promised to have a day o ff and go camping with us and you were at work until m idnight this Sunday. Iw ould rather y o u __________ your word.

A. keep B. would have kept C. had kept D. kept 26. Business has been thriving for the past few years. L o n g _______________ it continue to do so.

A. could B. does C. may D. might 27. All the way from L e e d s ______________ .

A. he came B. came he C. did he come D. com es he 28. The first people to live in _____ Hawaii were the Polynesians, who sailed there in large canoes from other Pacific Islands about 2,000 years ago.

A. now where is B. what is now C. the place is now D. now this is 29. It was asked that the traffic l a w s _______________ strictly.

A. must be observed B. had to be observed C. be observed D. were observed 30. N obody understands what the strange man has s a i d , _____________ ?

A. do they B. d o n ’t they C. d oesn’t he D. does he IV. P H R A SA L V E R B S A N D P R E P O SIT IO N S (5 PTS) 31. I t _____________that the mayor had bribed several councilors to vote.

A. broke out B. pointed at C. came round D. turned out 32. They are t w o ______________ a kind, talkative and lazy.

A,.for B. with C. in D. o f 33. I wish y o u ' d _____________telling me what to do all the time.

A. lay o ff B. let out C. take in D. go with 34. When the professor advanced his theory at a medical conference a couple o f years ago, everyone was skeptical about its validity. However, the latest research h a s _________ i t _________.

A. borne ... out B. carried ... out C. stood ... for D. cleared ... at 35. The Russians treat him suspiciously, so h e _______________ the Russian fortress in order to return to the mountains.

A. gets away with B. breaks out o f C. cracks dow n on D. holds out for 36. Creative writers are largely e n d o w e d __________ the gift o f writing.

A. with B. o f C. on D. at 37. T h e re 's been a bom b scare and the police h a v e __________ the area.

A. made out B. put dow n C. rambled on D. cordoned o ff 38. __________ hindsight, it would have been better to wait.

A. On B. For C. From D. In 33

39. He tried to _ the country's deep-seated problems.

B. pencil in C. screen o ff D. box in A. paper over 40. He was very upset w hen the boss passed him _______ and promoted a new com er to the assistant’s job.

A. bv B. up over D. aside

c.

V. G U ID E D C L O Z E 1 (5PTS): Read the text below and decide w hich answ er best fits each space.

As com puters have become (41) ___________ tools for the rapid and economic production o f pictures, computer graphics has em erged as one o f the most rapidly growing fields in computer science. It is used routinely in such ( 4 2 ) ___________ areas business, industry, art, governm ent, education, research, training, and medicine.

One o f the initial uses o f com puter graphics, and ultimately its greatest use, has been as an aid to design, generally ( 4 3 ) ___________ to as computeraided design (CAD). One o f its greatest advantages is (44) ___________ designers can see how an object will look after construction and make changes freely and much more quickly than ( 4 5 ) ____________hand drafting.

For three-dimensional ( 4 6 ) ___________ o f m achine parts, engineers now rely heavily on CAD. Autom obile, spacecraft, aerospace, and ship designers use CA D techniques to design vehicles and ( 4 7 ) ___________ their performance.

Building designs are also created with computer graphics systems. Architects can design a building ( 4 8 ) ___________ , create a three-dimensional model, and even go for a simulated “walk" through the rooms or around the outside o f the building.

Business graphics is another rapidly growing area o f com puter graphics, where it is used to create graphs, charts, and cost models to summ arize financial, statistical, mathematical, scientific, and economic data. As an educational aid, com puter graphics can be used to create w eather m aps and cartographic materials. Com puter art also has creative and com m ercial art applications, where it is used in advertising, publishing, and film productions, (49) _________ for computer animation, which is achieved by a (50) process.

41. A. handful C. controlling D. powerful B. overbearing B. diverse C. versatile D. variant 42. A. widening B. inferred C. implied D. referred 43. A. resorted B. as C. that D. then 44. A. whether D. over B. with C. o f 45. A. for B. severing C. hindering D. pondering 46. A. rendering C. experiment B. test D. challenge 47. A. try C. breakout D. workout B. layout 48. A. fallout 34

49. A. specifically 50. A. consecutive

B. specially B. connective

C. particularly C. sequential

D. definitely D. successive

GUIDED CLOZE 2 (5PTS): Read the text below and decide w hich answ er best fits each space.

Reading is an activity characterized by the translation o f symbols, or letters, into words and sentences that have ( 5 1 ) _t o the individual.

The (52) _________ goal o f reading is to be able to understand written material, to evaluate it, and to use it for one's needs.

In order to read, one must follow a sequence o f characters arranged in a particular spatial order. For example, English flows from left to right, Hebrew from right to left, and Chinese from top to bottom. The reader must know the pattern and use it ( 5 3 ) _________ . Ordinarily, the reader sees the symbols on a page, ( 5 4 ) _________ the image from the eye to the brain, but reading also can be accomplished (55) _________ touch, as in the Braille system, a printing method for the blind that involves raised or ( 5 6 ) ______________dots.

Reading refers to activities as varied as a first g rader's struggling with simple sentences in a storybook, a cook's following ( 5 7 ) _________ from a cookbook, or a scholar's attempting to understand the m eanings o f a poem.

Reading (58) _________ people to the accumulated w isdom o f hum an civilization. M ature readers bring to the text their experiences, abilities, and interests; the text, in turn, allows them to ( 5 9 ) _________ those experiences and abilities and to find new interests. To reach maturity in reading, an individual goes through a ( 6 0 ) _________ o f stages, from readiness to adult reading ability.

51. A. significance C. meaning D. inference B. importance 52. A. final C. hindmost D. eventual B. ultimate 53. A. consistently B. persistently C. insistently D. intently 54. A. transmitting B. transferring C. transiting D. transportin; 55. A. within B. in D. through C. by 56. A. holed B. drilled C. punched D. pierced 57. A. orientation B. tutorials C. guidances D. directions 58. A. presents B. carries D. drives C. exposes 59. A .e x p a n d B. extend C. enlarge D. stretch 60. A. flow B. series C. chain D. course VI. R E A D IN G PA SSA G E 1 (5PTS): Read the text below and choose the best answ er to each question.

The air above our head is becoming cleaner. A breath o f fresh air has been running right round the planet for the past five years. The planet is apparently p u rgin g itse lf o f pollution. Paul Novell o f the U niversity o f C olorado, the co-author o f a report on this phenom enon says, “ It seems as if the planet's 35

own cleansing service has suddenly got a new lease o f life. Suddenly, there are a lot o f changes going on up there.”

Estimates o f the death toll from urban smogs have been steadily rising, so the new cleaner trend could have significant consequences for life expectancy in cities as well as for the planet itself. The sudden and unexpected reversal o f several decades o f worsening pollution extends from the air in city streets to the remotest mid-Pacific Ocean and Antarctica.

A m ong the pollutants which have begun to disappear from the atm osphere are carbon m onoxide, from car exhausts and burning rain forests, and m ethane from the guts o f cattle, paddy fields, and gas fields. Even carbon dioxide, the main gas behind global warming, has fallen slightly.

There are two theories about why pollution is disappearing. First, that there is less pollution to start with due to laws to cut dow n urban smogs and acid rain starting to have a global impact. Second, that the planet may be becoming m ore efficient at cleaning up.

The main planetary clean-up agent is a chemical called hydroxyl. It is present throughout the atmosphere in tiny quantities and rem oves most pollutants from the air by oxidizing them. The amount o f hydroxyl in the air had fallen by a quarter in the 1980s. N ow , it may be reviving for two reasons: ironically, because the ozone hole has expanded, letting in more ultraviolet radiation into the lower atmosphere, where it m anufactures hydroxyl. Then the stricter controls on vehicle exhausts in A m erica and Europe may have cut global carbon monoxide emissions, thereby allowing more hydroxyl to clean up other pollutants.

61. W hat is the main topic o f the passage?

A. The decreasing pollution o f the atmosphere.

B. The changing pollutants in the atmosphere.

C. H ydroxyl's influence on the atmosphere.

D. The oxygenation o f the atmosphere.

62. The word 'purgin g' is closest in m eaning to A. destroying B. refining C. filtering D. ridding 63. According to the passage, life expectancy partly depends on people having.

A. access to details about atmospheric pollution B. recom m endations from university research C. im provem ent in atmospheric conditions D. changes in their lifestyle 64. The word ‘to ll’ could best be replaced by A. costs B. count C. damage D. loss 65. What does the author suggest is the main cause o f pollution reduction?

A. Less impact from burning forests B. A smaller num ber o f cars C. A curtailment o f chemicals D. Fewer cattle and gas fields 36

66. The word ‘it’ refers to A. urban smog B. a clean-up agent C. acid rain D. the ozone hole 67. It can be inferred from the passage that the new cleaner trend is A. inexplicable B. confusing C. surprising D. predictable 68. Based on information in the passage, all o f the following information referring to hydroxyl is true EXCEPT. A. the reduction in the ozone layer is beneficial to hydroxyl B. oxidization o f pollutants is carried out by hydroxyl C. there is difficulty in destroying carbon dioxide by hydroxyl D. ultraviolet radiation increases production o f hydroxyl 69. The word ‘revivin g’ is closest in m eaning to A. reappearing B. refreshing C. reproducing D. repeating 70. The passage supports which o f the following conclusions?

A. The decrease o f m ethane has enabled ultraviolet radiation to enter the atmosphere.

B. An expansion in hydroxyl has enlarged the ozone hole.

C. The reduction in carbon dioxide has produced a cleaner atmosphere.

D. The beneficial effect o f hydroxyl has aided the cleaning process.

R E A D IN G P A SSA G E 2 (5PTS): Read the text below and choose the best answ er to each question.

We find that bright children are rarely held b ack by mixed-ability teaching. On the contrary, both their knowledge and experience are enriched. We feel that there are many disadvantages in streaming pupils. It does not take into account the fact that children develop at different rates. It can have a bad effect on both the bright and the not-so-bright child. After all. it can be quite discouraging to be at the bottom o f the top grade!

Besides, it is rather unreal to grade people just according to their intellectual ability. This is only one aspect o f their total personality. We are concerned to develop the abilities o f all our pupils to the full, not ju st their academic ability. W e also value personal qualities and social skills, and we find that mixed-ability teaching contributes to all these aspects o f learning.

In our classrooms, we work in various ways. The pupils often work in groups: this gives them the opportunity to learn to co-operate, to share, and to develop leadership skills. They also learn how to cope with personal problems as well as learning how to think, to m ake decisions, to analyse and evaluate, and to com m unicate effectively. The pupils learn from each other as well as from the teachers.

Som etimes the pupils work in pairs; sometim es they work on individual tasks and assignments, and they can do this at their own speed. They also have some formal class teaching w hen this is appropriate. We encourage 37

our pupils to use the library, and we teach them the skills they need in order to do this effectively. An advanced pupil can do advanced work; it does not matter w hat age the child is. We expect our pupils to do their best, not their least, and we give them every encouragement to attain this goal.

71. In the passage, the author's attitude towards “mixed-ability teaching" is A. critical B. questioning C. objective D. approving 72. The words “ held b a c k ’’ means A. made to rem ain in the same classes B. prevented from advancing C. forced to study in lower classes D. badly affected in studying 73. The author argues that a teacher's chief concern should be the development o f the pupils’.

A. personal and social skills B. learning ability and com m unicative skills C. intellectual abilities D. total personality 74. W hich o f the following is N O T mentioned in the passage?

A. Pupils also learn how to participate in teaching activities.

B. Group work gives pupils the opportunity to learn to work together with others.

C. Pupils also learn to develop their reasoning ability.

D. Group work provides the pupils with the opportunity to learn to be capable organizers.

75. The au th o r’s purpose o f writing this passage is t o _______ .

A. recom m end pair work and group work classroom activities B. offer advice on the proper use o f the school library C. argue for teaching bright and not-so-bright pupils in the same class D. em phasise the importance o f appropriate formal classroom teaching 76. A ccording to the passage, which o f the following is N O T T R U E ?

A. It's not good for a bright child to find out that he performs worst in a m ixed-ability class.

B. D evelopm ent o f pupils as individuals is not the aim o f group work.

C. Pupils cannot develop in the best way if they are streamed into classes o f different intellectual abilities.

D. There is no fixed m ethod in teaching pupils to develop them selves to the full.

77. According to the passage, which o f the following is an advantage o f mixedability teaching?

A. Pupils as individuals always have the opportunities to work on their own.

B. Pupils can be hindered from an all-round development.

C. A pupil can be at the bottom o f a class.

D. Formal class teaching is the important way to give the pupils essential skills such as those to be used in the library.

38

78. W hich o f the following statements can best summ arise the main idea o f the passage?

A. Children, in general, develop at different rates.

B. The aim o f education is to find out how to teach the bright and not-sobright pupils.

C. Bright children do benefit from mixed-class teaching.

D. Various ways o f teaching should be encouraged in class.

79. A ccording to the passage, “ streaming pupils” .

A. will help the pupils learn best B. is the act o f putting pupils into classes according to their academic abilities C. aims at enriching both their knowledge and experience D. is quite discouraging 80. According to the author, mixed-ability teaching is more preferable because.

A. it d o e sn ’t have disadvantages as in streaming pupils B. children can learn to work with each other to solve personal problems C. it aims at developing the children's total personality D. formal class teaching is appropriate

B. WRITTEN TEST I. C L O Z E T E ST (20 PTS): Read the text below and think o f the w ord w hich best fits each space. Use only O N E W O R D for each space.

O PE N C L O Z E 1 (10PT S) In the theater o f A m bassador Hotel in Los Angeles, on the evening o f 27 Septem ber 1922, a new form o f film-making ( 1 ) ____________its commercial debut: 3-D1. The film, The Power o f Love , was then shown in N e w York City to exhibitors and press, but was subsequently not ( 2 ) ______________ up for distribution and is now believed to be lost. The following three decades were a period o f quiet experimentation for 3-D pioneers, as ( 3 ) ___________ adapted to new technologies and steadily improved the view ing experience.

In 1952, the “golden era” o f 3-D is considered to have begun ( 4 ) __________ the release o f B w ana Devil, and over the next several years, audiences met with a string o f films that used the technology. Over the following decades, it (5) ______________ and w aned within film-making circles, peaking in the 1970s and again in the 1990s w hen IM A X gained traction, but it is only in the last few years (6) ______________ 3-D appears to have firmly entered m ainstream production.

Released w orldwide in September 2009, the fantasy film A vatar quickly became the highest-grossing film ( 7 ) ______________ made, knocking Titanic from the top slot. Avatar, set in 2154 on a planet in a distant solar system, 39

went on to become the only film to have earned US $2 billion worldwide, and is now approaching the $3 billion mark. The main ( 8 ) ______________for this runaway

popularity

appears

to

be

its visual

splendors:

though

most

( 9 ) ______________raised the film, it was mostly on account o f its ground­ breaking special effects. Kenneth Turan o f the Los Angeles Times praised Avatar's “powerful” visual accomplishments, ( 1 0 ) ______________ suggested the dialogue was “flat” and the characterizations “obvious” . A film analyst at Exhibitor Relations has agreed, noting that Avatar has cemented the use o f 3-D as a production and promotional tool for blockbuster films, rather than a mere niche or novelty experiment. “This is why all 3-D venues were built,” he said.

“This is the one. The behemoth... The holy grail o f 3-D has finally arrived.”

O PEN C L O Z E 2 (10PTS) Since the world became industrialized, the num ber o f animal species that have either become extinct or have (11) ____ extinction has increased. Bengal tigers, for instance, which (12) ____________ roamed the jungles ( 1 3 ) ____________vast numbers, now num ber only about 2,300. By the year 2025, it is estimated that they will become extinct. ( 1 4 ) _______ is alarming about the case o f the Bengal tiger is that this extinction will have been caused ( 1 5 ) _______ entirely by poachers who, according to some sources, are not always interested in material ( 1 6 ) ________ but in personal gratification. Anim als such as the Bengal tiger are valuable parts o f the world's ecosystem. International laws protecting these animals m ust be enacted to ensure their survival - and the survival o f our planet.

Countries around the world have begun to deal with the problem in various ways. Some countries, in an effort to circumvent the problem, have allocated large amounts o f land to animal reserves. They then charge admission prices to (17) ___________ defray the costs o f m aintaining the parks, and they often must also depend on world organizations for (18) ___________ support. This money enables them to invest in equipm ent and patrols to protect the animals. Another response to the increase in animal extinction is an international boycott o f (19) ____________ made from endangered species. This has had some effect, but by ( 2 0 ) ____________it will not prevent animals from being hunted and killed.

II. W O R D F O R M A T IO N : (20PTS) PA R T 1: C om plete each sentence, using the correct form o f the w ord in parentheses.

1. She becam e well-know n as a c o n s is te n t__________ o f slavery. (O PPO SE) 2. _______________ is» a list o f errors in a printed work as a separate page o f corrections, know n as an errata page. (CO R R EC T) 40

3. Many scientists argue that dinosaurs developed e x te n s iv e _______________ passages with m em branes to cool their skin surfaces. (NOSE) 4. Premature disclosure o f the test sites might lead t o _______________ o f the experiment. (VALID) 5. He b e c a m e _______________ in his opposition in the plan. He gave up his view points after his boss criticized. (RESO LV E ) 6. He was returned to prison in 1977 f o r _______a police officer. (PERSO N ) 7. The soldiers have been ordered t o ________ from firing the guns. (INSIST) 8. I lingered in San F r a n c is c o ,_______________m y se lf after the hardships o f the cruise, spending money, regretting it, continually promising departure for the morrow. (D A M A G E ) 9. One o f the cars involved in the accident was a c o m p l e te _______________ .

(W RITE) 10. The work is marred by a num ber o f typing and spelling errors, and would have benefited from s tric te r_______________ before submission. (REA D) PA R T 2: C om plete the passage with appropriate form s from the w ords given in the box.

alien 1 type

stay wither

throw fr o n t

quietening ju s t

fo u n d a tio n tribute

SU B V E R SIV E A R T Subversive political and social m essages are a (11) _______ o f the art comm unity. In most m odern democratic nations, where free speech is considered and (12) _______ right, such subversive art is easily found.

Am erican film is an ( 1 3 ) _______ o f this. M any Am erican films are openly critical o f Am erican society and its values. Apocalypse N ow , a film about the Vietnam War, is a ( 1 4 ) _______ attack on America's involvem ent and conduct in that conflict. In a more m odern setting, A frican-A m erican film director Spike Lee makes films which depict America as a racist and (15) _______society. Other arts are filled with examples o f subversive art as well.

There are countless paintings and sculptures which openly attack Christianity and other values which are considered to be core aspects o f America's identity. Punk Rock, which originated in England derided m any o f England's most sacred o f social values. M ost famously, the 1970s punk band The Sex Pistols frequently sang songs about ( 1 6 ) _______the governm ent, even going so far as to describe the Queen o f England as subhuman.

Not all subversive art is as (17) _______in its social criticism. M uch o f subversive art is ( 1 8 ) _______subversive. There are a num ber o f reasons for this. The first is, o f course, economics. An artist w ho is too open or too 41

vehement in his or her criticism o f society may find it hard to find an audience willing to pay for such art. In some societies there may be a fear o f (19) _______, either by the government or by individual society m em bers offended by the artist's message. N or are such fears (20) _______ . Author Salman Rushdie was forced to go into hiding after he wrote a book that M uslims took to be critical o f their religion. Therefore, the subversive m essages in art are often hidden.

III. E R R O R C O R R E C T IO N : (10PTS) T he follow ing passage contains 10 errors. Identify and correct them .

1

The w eight and pressure o f icy accum ulation causes glacier movement.

Glaciers move out from under them, via plastic deform ation and basal slippage. First, the internal flow o f ice crystals begins to spread outward and dow nw ard from the thickened snow pack also know n as the zone o f

5

accumulation. Next, the ice along the ground surface begins to slip on the same direction. Seasonal thawing at the basis o f the glacier helps facilitating this slippage. The middle o f a glacier m oves faster than the sides and bottom because there was no rock to cause any friction. The above part o f a glacier rides on the ice below. As a glacier moves it

10

carves out a U-shape valley to a riverbed, but with m uch steeper walls and flat bottom. Beside the extraordinary rivers o f ice, glacial erosion creates other unique physical features in the landscape such as horns, fjords, hanging valleys and cirques.

IV. SE N T E N C E T R A N SF O R M A T IO N : (20 PTS) R ew rite the follow ing sentences using the w ords given.

1. He really upset everyone w hen he told them his secret. (PIG EO N S) ->H e

“ ) —^ ^ -----1---------- ------ ---------- j | f------- *—----*—---- —r* 2. Your attitude will have to change if you want to succeed. (LEAF) —> You will _____ _____

.

3. You may think you are talented but horses will always /Show you are not.

(PEG) ' y -> No matter . . . ___ _ ^ . „ , . ________ ^ ^ 4. I avoided m entioning J a ck ’s demotion as I realized that it might upset him.

(SLEEP IN G ) t ' ‘ -> Realizing •'_______________________ _ _____ .

5. Susan is far superior to me in terms o f technical knowledge. (M A T C H ) —> W hen it comes _ 6. It is important that we have to get the team 'to comply with the rules.

(LINE) ¿U f _± it ic r»f 11

42

10

W i

/

• v ' v y i_ /___________ - - x /

_________ »

-V

- . -

„ w _____________ ^

t

,rJ

7. W inning the prize has made him very conceited. (H EA D ) —> W i n n i n g __ ____

____

8. Prompt action from the police helped to reduce the num ber o f people/;, killed and injured in the fighting. (SUFFERED ) » Were it '___ ___ r, ^hasfla ^basiialTies. __ ._ ____ —> 9. His efforts to find a solution d idn't deserve sucn a savage criticism.

• • “N• . t. „ > ' /V C ->H e H o find a solution.

10. He did not succeed in reaching the top o f the highest mountain in this area.

—> In vain

NfiM 2017

0 MULTIPLE CHOICE (40 PTS I. PHONOLOGY (5PTS) Choose the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from the others.

1. A. decoy D. supreme C. benzene B. perishable 2. A. mayor B. quay D. laver C. prayer 3. A. mahout B. foul C. poultry D. drought 4. A. hombre D. haulage B. hauteur C. heirloom 5. A. simile B. anemone C.acne D. acquiesce Choose the word which is stressed differently from the other three.

6. A. xenophobia D. moderator B. salmon berry C. palindrome 7. A. horoscope C. deplorable D. prerequisite B. mahogany 8. A. interchange C. contributory D. undercurrent B. infamous 9. A. culminate B. negligence C. diplomat D. intriguing 10. A . viticulture D. misbegotten B. concertina C. preferential II. W ORD CHOICE (5 PTS) Choose the best options tocomplete the following sentences.

11. Because o f the unfortunate________ , your order was not dispatched by the date requested.

A. hindrance B. oversight C. negligence D. transgression 12. Failing to submit the proposal on time w a s __________ for Tom. A. a nail in the coffin B. a real kick in the pants ’ C. a shot in the dark D. an open and shut case 13. Be careful not t o _________your finger with that needle.

A. prick B. bite C. scratch D. sting 43

14. The j u r y _____ her compliments on her excellent knowledge o f the subject.

A. paid

B. gave

C. made

D. said

15. His new yacht is certainly a n _________display o f his wealth.

A. ostentatious

B. ossified

C. intuitive

D. elusive

16. 1 don't need any medicine. I'm as right a s _____.

A. clouds

B. rays

C. rain

D. a haze

17. They continued fighting despite all t h e _______ they met with.

A. amenities

B. properties

C. liabilities

D. adversities

18. I appealed to a l l _______ people to support me and I was successful.

A. same-minded C. familiar-thinking

B. thought-sharing D. like-minded

19. He seemed very quiet, but it would be a mistake t o ________his intelligence.

A. devalue

B. deprecate

C. underrate

D. minimize

20. With a l l ______ respect, I think your comments are very short-sighted.

A. anticipated B. due C. limited D. firm III. G RAM M AR AND STRUCTURES (5PTS) Choose the best options to complete the following sentences.

2 1. Your ideas,________, seem unusual to me.

A. as hers B. like hers C. similar as hers D. different than hers 22. It is moved that the cam paign_______ f u n d s_______ at once.

A. to raise - be launched B. raise - to be launched C. raise - launched D. to raise - is launched 23. A new generation o f performers,_________those who by now had become a household name, honed their skills before following the same path onto television.

A. no less talented than B. along with talented as C. together with talented as D. having more talented than 24. ______ , he remained optimistic.

A. Though badly wounded he was B. Badly wounded as he was C. As he was badly wounded D. As badly wounded he was 25. At the deep bottom o f A tlantic______ .

A. lied the Titanic B. did the Titanic lie C. lay the Titanic D. had the Titanic lain 26. He finally agreed,______ reluctantly, to help us.

A. albeit B. somehow or other C. in all likelihood D. nonetheless 27. C harlie______ a speech at the end o f the last term, but he didn't.

A. was to have given B. is to give C. were to give D. was to be given 28. _____ circling the globe faster than Jules Verne's fictional Phileas Fogg.

A. A pioneer journalist. Nellie Bly’s exploits included B. Also included in the exploits o f Nellie Bly, a pioneer journalist, was 44

C. The exploits o f Nellie Bly, a pioneer journalist, included D. The pioneer journalist’s exploits of Nellie Bly included 29. He paused, afraid lest h e ______ too much.

A. didn't say

B. say

C. has said

D. hadn't been saying

30. W e __________ you the money you needed but you didn't tell us.

A. could have lent C.

B. should have lent

could lend

D. were able to

IV. PHRASAL VERBS AND PREPOSITIONS (5 PTS) 31. Junior hospital doctors are th ro w n ______ at the deep end in their first jobs.

A. in

B. away

C. to

D. with

32. I w a s _____ the impression that you liked Indian food.

A. at

B. on

C. with

D. under

33. Governments sh o u ld ________international laws against terrorism.

A. bring up

B. bring about

C. bring in

D. bring back

34. _____ o f the financial crisis, all they could do was hold on and hope that things would improve.

A. At the bottom

B. At the height

C. On the top

D. In the end

35. 1 couldn’t decide what to write about, when 1 suddenly_____ upon the idea o f doing something on the writer’s block.

A. thought

B. chanced

C. hit

D. arrived

36. Jane got the j o b ________ virtue o f her greater experience.

A. with

B. on

C. by

D. for

37. I see a lot o f young people with this new hairstyle. It seems to b e _______.

A. piling up

B. bringing off

C. coming off

D. catching on

38. Be careful! The young horse hasn’t b e e n ______ .

A.

broken in

B. got round

C. taken over

D. set up

39. Theories about the causes o f bird flu have c h a n g ed _____ the light o f recent research.

A. on B. in C. to D. with 40. Jane managed to e k e _______ her student loan till the end o f the year.

A.

off

B. out

C. in

D. through

V. G UIDED CLOZE 1 (5PTS)

_

Read the text below and decide which answer best fits each space.

Working to ( 4 1 ) t hrough with my university years did, in ( 4 2 ) _____________ , prepare me for life after graduation. I’ve never been lazing ( 4 3 ) _____ and have already crammed as much into each day as I could. I guess I've always been someone who takes things in their stride and snapped up any opportunity that has come my way. Looking back, I feel a great ( 4 4 ) __________ o f self-respect for finishing my studies without ( 4 5 ) ______ with any debts but I'll admit it wasn't 45

always plain sailing. Not until I scraped through my first-year exams did I realize the ( 4 6 ) ______ of time management. I think personality has played a huge role in my success, ( 4 7 ) _________. I've always taken pleasure in whatever I do, whether it’s for work or play. Sometimes people are surprised at my ability to solve problem ( 4 8 ) ______ and wonder where my energy comes from. I think it must be ( 4 9 ) ______ . My parents' work ethic and attitude towards life have had a great impact on me and (50) me down the path I’ve taken.

41. A. get B. pull D. make C. see 42. A. reflection 43. A. away

B. reflexion

C. retrospect

D. hindsight

B. around B. reason

C. round

D. off

44. A. state

C. awareness

D. sense

45. A. incurring

B. meeting

C. encountering

D. heading

46. A. significance

B. magnificence

C. principle

D. vitality

47. A. nonetheless

B. nevertheless

C. though

D. then

48. A. affectionately

B. proficiently

C. efficaciously

D. prominently

49. A. heredity

B. inherence

C. heritage

D. hierarchy

50. A. propelled

B. urged

C. geared

D. diverted

VI. G UIDED CLOZE 2 (5PTS) Read the text below and decide which answer best fits each space.

It is important to recognize that online learning has ( 5 1 ) _____ advantages and disadvantages. Although students’ grades appear to be ( 5 2 ) __________ by the mode o f instruction, certain courses are more challenging to students who carry out their studies in the virtual environment than in the classroom.

However, in online classes, participation in learning activities may be less daunting, ( 5 3 ) _____ for shy students, and the quality and quantity o f studentstudent and teacher-student interaction may be higher. Increasingly, it is a/an ( 5 4 ) _____ issue for designers o f online curriculums to decide how' to match the advantages o f different modes o f instruction to specific courses, by offering not only fully classroom-based or online courses, but also courses that take the best elements o f both types to ( 5 5 ) _____ the needs o f students and teachers and to ( 5 6 ) _____ the most efficient use o f resources.

Students who study online tend to lack a sense o f community, trust and positive interaction with other course members and teachers - all elements that were in the past believed to increase the effectiveness o f classroom learning, amongst least confident learners. However, online students generally also feel that they learn at a similar rate to their (5 7 )_____ in the classroom, and in fact at my college their grades are just as good as those who are taught in ( 5 8 ) _____ .

But just imagine how much more effective our online courses could be if they fostered a culture o f class cohesion, spirit, trust and interaction, both among students and between students and faculty. Perhaps the most effective way to achieve this improvement is for online educators to give more (59) _____ contact and to encourage students to collaborate.

46

Online learning provides a far more student-centered teaching approach than the traditional classroom method, and all school directors should aim to adopt it as their main means to ( 6 0 ) _____ education.

51. A. infinite 52. A. unharmed

B. definite

C. defined

D. intimate

B. invulnerable

C. impervious

D. unaffected

53. A. especially

B. namely

C. specifically

D. explicitly

54. A. crucial

B. vital

C. obvious

D. expendable

55. A. insatiate

B. cater

C. address

D. respond

56. A. put

B. make

C. earn

D. gain

57. A. peers

B. counterparts

C. partners

D. partakers

58. A. private

B. person

C. individual

D. secret

C. one-in-one

D. one-on-one

C. present

D. deliver

59. A. one-for-one

B. one-by-one 60. A .convey B. cover VII. READING PASSAGE 1 (5PTS)

Read the text below and choose the best answer to each question.

A fold culture is a small, isolated, cohesive, conservative, nearly selfsufficient group that is hom ogeneous in custom and race, with a strong family or clan structure and highly developed rituals. Order is maintained through sanctions based in the religion or family, and interpersonal relationships are strong. Tradition is paramount, and change comes infrequently and slowly.

There is relatively little division o f labor into specialized duties. Rather, each person is expected to perform a great variety o f tasks, though duties may differ between the sexes. Most goods are handmade, and a subsistence economy prevails. Individualism is weakly developed in folk cultures, as are social classes.

Unaltered folk cultures no longer exist in industrialized countries such as the United States and Canada. Perhaps the nearest modern equivalent in AngloAmerica is the Amish, a German American farming sect that largely renounces the products and labor saving devices o f the industrial age. In Amish areas, horsedrawn buggies till serve as a local transportation device, and the faithful are not permitted to own automobiles. The Amish's central religious concept o f Demut, "humility", clearly reflects the weakness of individualism and social class so typical o f folk cultures, and there is a corresponding strength o f Amish group identity. Rarely do the Amish marry outside their sect. The religion, a variety of the Mennonite faith, provides the principal mechanism for maintaining order.

By contrast, a popular culture is a large heterogeneous group, often highly individualistic and constantly changing. Relationships tend to be impersonal, and a pronounced division o f labor exists, leading to the establishment of many specialized professions. Secular institutions o f control such as the police and army take the place o f religion and family in maintaining order, and a money-based economy prevails. Because of these contrasts, "popular" may be viewed as clearly 47

different from "folk". The popular is replacing the folk in industrialized countries and in many developing nations. Folk-made objects give way to their popular equivalent, usually because the popular item is more quickly or cheaply produced, is easier or time saving to use, or lends more prestige to the owner.

61. What does the passage mainly discuss?

A. Two decades in modern society B. The influence o f industrial technology C. The characteristics o f "folk" and "popular" societies D. The specialization o f labor in Canada and the United States 62. The word "homogeneous" is closest in meaning to A. uniform B. general C. primitive D. traditional 63. Which o f the following is typical o f folk cultures?

A. There is a money-based economy.

B. Social change occurs slowly.

C. Contact with other cultures is encouraged.

D. Each person develops one specialized skill.

64. What does the author imply about the United States and Canada?

A. They value folk cultures.

B. They have no social classes.

C. They have popular cultures.

D. They do not value individualism.

65. The phrase "largely renounces" is closest in meaning to A. generally rejects B. greatly modifies C. loudly declares D. often criticizes 66. What is the main source o f order in Amish society?

A. The government B. The economy C. The clan structure D. The religion 67. Which of the following statements about Amish beliefs does the passage support?

A. A variety o f religious practices is tolerated.

B. Individualism and competition are important.

C. Premodern technology is preferred.

D. People are defined according to their class.

68. Which o f the following would probably NOT be found in a folk culture?

A. A carpenter B. A farmer C. A weaver D. A banker 69. The word "prevails" is closest in meaning to A. dominates B. provides C. develops D. invests 70. Which o f following is NOT given as a reason why folk-made objects are replaced by mass-produced objects?

A. Cost B. Prestige C. Quality D. Convenience VIII. READING PASSAGE 2 (5PTS) Read the text below and choose the best answer to each question.

According to sociologists, there are several different ways in which a person may become recognized as the leader o f a social group in the United States. In the family, traditional cultural patterns confer leadership on one or both o f the parents.

48

In other cases, such as friendship groups, one or more persons may gradually emerge as leaders, although there is no formal process o f selection. In larger groups, leaders are usually chosen formally through election or recruitment.

Although leaders are often thought to be people with unusual personal ability, decades o f research have failed to produce consistent evidence that there is any category o f “natural leaders.” It seems that there is no set o f personal qualities that all leaders have in common; rather, virtually any person may be recognized as a leader if the person has qualities that meet the needs o f that particular group.

Furthermore, although it is commonly supposed that social groups have a single leader, research suggests that there are typically two different leadership roles that are held by different individuals. Instrumental leadership is leadership that emphasizes the completion o f tasks by a social group. Group members look to instrumental leaders to “get things” done. Expressive leadership, on the other hand, is leadership that emphasizes the collective well-being o f a social group's member. Expressive leader are less concerned with the overall goals o f the group than with providing emotional support to group members and attempting to minimize tension and conflict among them. Group members expect expressive leaders to maintain stable relationships within the group and provide support to individual members.

Instrumental leaders are likely to have a rather secondary relationship to other group members. They give orders and may discipline group members who inhibit attainment o f the group's goals. Expressive leaders cultivate a more personal or primary relationship to others in the group. They offer sympathy when someone experiences difficulties or is subjected to discipline, are quick to lighten a serious moment with humor, and try to resolve issues that threaten to divide the group. As the differences in these two roles suggest, expressive leaders generally receive more personal affection from group members; instrumental leaders, if they are successful in promoting group goals, may enjoy a more distant respect.

71. What does the passage mainly discuss?

A. The problems faced by leaders B. How leadership differs in small and large groups C. How social groups determine who will lead them D. The role of leaders in social groups 72. The passage mentions all o f the following ways by which people can become leaders EXCEPT A. recruitment B. formal election process C. specific leadership training D. traditional cultural patterns 73. In mentioning “natural leaders” in line 7, the author is making the point that.

A. few people qualify as “natural leaders” B. there is no proof that “natural leaders” exist C. “natural leaders” are easily accepted by the members o f a social group 49

D. “natural leaders" share a similar set o f characteristics 74. Which o f the following statements about leadership can be inferred from paragraph 2?

A. A person who is an effective leader o f a particular group may not be an effective leader in another group.

B. Few people succeed in sharing a leadership role with another person.

C. A person can best learn how to be an effective leader by studying research on leadership.

D. Most people desire to be leaders but can produce little evidence o f their qualifications.

75. The passage indicates that instrumental leaders generally focus on.

A. ensuring harmonious relationships B. sharing responsibility with group members C. identifying new leaders D. achieving a goal 76. The word “collective” is closest in meaning to.

A. necessary B. typical C. group D. particular 77. The word “them” refers to.

A. expressive leaders B. goals of the group C. group members D. tension and conflict 78. A “secondary relationship" between a leader and the members o f a group could best be characterized as.

A. distant B. enthusiastic C. unreliable D. personal 79. The word “resolve” is closest in meaning to A. avoid repeating B. talk about C. avoid thinking about D. find a solution for 80. Paragraphs 3 and 4 organize the discussion of leadership primarily in terms of.

A. examples that illustrate a problem B. cause and effect analysis C. narration o f events D. comparison and contrast

B. WRITTEN TEST (70 PTS) I. CLOZE TEST (20 PTS) Read the text below and think o f the word which best fits each space. Use only ONE W ORD for each space.

OPEN CLOZE 1 (10PTS) SM A L L T A L K It’s often said the British talk about the weather more than any other nationality in the world. Some people even go so far as to claim that they talk about little (1) . But while it may seem that the British alone have an undue (2) ______ with the weather, the fact is, climatic conditions are a common topic o f conversation all around the world. This is hardly surprising. After all, the 50

weather is one o f the few things that we all have in common, and it influences us profoundly. It affects our ( 3 ) ______ o f mind, our daily activities, our weekend plans and more.

But that's only ( 4 ) ______ of the story. There's really a lot ( 5 ) _________to it than that. In Britain, conversations about the weather are usually not really about the weather at all. The British use comments about the weather to ( 6 ) ______ the ice in social situations, ( 7 ) ______ awkward or uncomfortable silences during conversations, or, ( 8 ) ________, as a greeting. Remarks like “Nice day, isn’t it?”, “Ooh, isn't it hot?’’ and “Looks like rain, no?” are not requests for meteorological data. Rather, they are ritual greetings used to indicate someone wishes to engage you in conversation; or they are just signs o f friendliness. Learners o f the English should do ( 9 ) ______ to understand the fundamental function remarks about the weather ( 1 0 ) ______ in British social interaction.

OPEN CLOZE 2 (10 PTS) AIRPORT AVATARS Smiling, computerized, talking avatars are being introduced at airports around the world in a bid to make travelers’ journeys more efficient. The life-sized hologram projections which are situated at key points in airports such as just before security, read out pre-recorded messages designed to help passengers anything from the location o f bathrooms and taxi stands (1) _____ on-flight liquid restrictions and security regulations. Some o f these virtual assistants, which have been unveiled at New York's JFK and Paris' Orly airport among others, have a sensor which activates their ( 2 ) _________when a person walks ( 3 ) _____ a few feet o f them. ( 4 ) ______ repeat their pre-programmed speeches on a loop. All dispense their information in comforting and informative voices intended to calm passenger’s nerves.

So ( 5 ) _____ are these latest airport employees faring? According to airport staff, feedback from passengers has been largely positive. More importantly, though, these avatars are proving effective. Because they are so lifelike, passengers can't help but look at them and take notice o f what they are saying.

Thus, they are doing what they were designed to ( 6 ) _____ : ease the workload on the airport’s flesh-and-(7)_____ staff. Will we one day see avatars at all airports? Perhaps. But with one ( 8 ) _____ . The current avatars are not interactive - they cannot hold conversations with ( 9 ) _____. Developers are hopeful that ( 1 0 ) _____ additions to this series o f avatars will be active.

II. W O R D F O R M A T IO N : (20 PTS) PART 1: Complete each sentence, using the correct form of the word in parentheses.

1. He i s _____ for his charitable activities than for his business in the steel industry. (KNOW) 2. Our bodies are naturally_____ by our organs o f elimination - the skin, lungs, intestines, kidneys and liver. (TOXIC) 3. He’s such a /a n ______ who always pretends to know everything. (INTELLECT) 51

4. She should take th e s e ______ drugs to treat her state. (DEPRESS) 5. The audience was mesmerized by her clear a n d ______ voice. (SOUND) 6. A number o f local church leaders have acted a s ____ with the people in the vicinity. (GO) 7. The ban on firecrackers w a s ______ introduced to reduce the number of accidents. (EXPRESS) 8. He sold the car to a/an_____ who paid with a worthless stolen cheque. (TRICK) 9. It w a s ______ for a new band to be offered such a deal. (HEAR) 10. John was arrested for sm uggling__________. (BAN) PART 2: Complete the passage with the appropriate form s fro m the words

given in the box. satisfy precede

graph apparent

succeed great

write force

intense sign

The invention o f the telegraph in 1843 ( 1 ) _____ a new era in communication technology, the electronic era - so called because the telegraph used electrical signals to carry information along an electrical wire. The telegraph fed society's ( 2 ) ______ appetite for immediate access to the information, and it provided a foundation for ( 3 ) ______ technologies: the telephone in 1876. the ( 4 ) _______ - or record player - in 1878, film and movies in the 1890s, radio in 1919, and television in 1925.

As with the earliest ( 5 ) _____ books, radio technology was at first restricted to the educated few, scientists and researchers, but later spread to the ( 6 ) _____ society. By the 1930s, the middle classes were listening to news, drama, comedy, and musical performances from thousands o f miles away. Radio was the first mass broadcast medium and. together with television a few decades later, it was responsible for altering both the pattern and volume o f information that flowed into people’s homes.

The invention o f electronic media changed communication more than any other technological event since the development o f writing. The spread o f electronic media occurred with a/an (7) _____ speed, thus (8) ______ commercial and social interaction. There was a tremendous shift in how people received the information that contributed to their understanding o f the world.

Voices or pictures could create ideas that ( 9 ) ________authentic - more so than ideas conveyed by the printed world. The graphic, intensely human nature of electronic media ( 1 0 ) _____ the belief that if it was on the air, it had to be true.

III.

ERROR CORRECTION: (10 PTS) The follow ing passage contains 10 errors. Identify and correct them.

BLUE WHALES 1 Blue whales, the world’s largest animals, have been sighted again in British waters for the first time in at least twenty years. Indications that a population o f blue whales was inhabiting the waters west o f Scotland came for the first time from the United States Navy, which surveillance system

52

5

10

15

picked up the songs o f a lot o f different whales. American zoologists later subsequently certified the blue whale song among them. Now mariner biologist, Carol Booker, has actually seen a blue whale there herself. She has no doubt about what she saw, because they have distinctive fins which are very small for their size. She says, “ Worldwide they were mostly extinct and it seemed they had completely vanished from North Atlantic, so you can imagine how 1 felt actually seeing ones! However, it is certainly too soon to say if it is an indication o f a populous recovery.” She goes on to say, "What it does show is the importance o f this area o f the ocean for whales, and how essential it is to control pollution o f the seas.” Bigger than any dinosaur known to man. blue whales are the largest animals ever to have lived on earth. A blue whale is more than six meters long at birth and. when completely grown, its heart is the same height as a tall man and weighs as much as a horse is.

IV. SENTENCE TRANSFO RM ATION: (20 PTS) Rewrite the following sentences using the words given.

1. He was too frightened to admit that he had broken the window. (OW N)i 2.

3.

4.

5.

—y So....

I wish he woufd stop criticizing my work.~(fAULT)^ —» I'd sooner.

Zoe always makes spontaneous decisions concerning her travel plans. (ACTS) I * )l / 1 A . 1 ______ . . _ - • - fH I —> Zoe always..

He really disappointed me \yhen breaking the promise toTiSlp^rffeofot. (TpETH) , -» He really ...

If her father hadn’t retired, she wouldn't have taken oyer his w o rk - ~K'

—» But for j 6. His efforts to find a solution didn't deserve such savage criticism/

2

—» He shouldn’t.

7. People became aW&fdKbt^iTHarnage to the ozone layer when an enormous hole was discovered over the South Pole.

—> It was the.. f 8. When I grow up, I'm going to be really impoVtarifc (CAT — * i i f -

^

9. I thought very hard but couldn^t remember the answer. (RACKED) - >

I . . .

'

~

-

10. Alex grimaced as he swallowed the foul-tasting medficine. (PULLED^ —> Alex ..

I

>

53

A. MULTIPLE CHOICE: Choose the best options (A, B, C, or D) that best com plete the following sentences. (40 PTS) 1. The local authority expressed regret as US drone strike h a s _____ killed innocent hostages.

A. incongruously B. vehemently C. inadvertently D. graciously 2. These days the castle is swamped w ith _____ o f tourists.

A. mobs B. throngs C. shoals D. cliques 3. He left the meeting early on the unlikely___ that he had a sick friend to visit.

A. excuse B. pretext C. motive D. claim 4. He decided to withdraw from the powerboat race as he could see a ( n ) _____ of danger.

A. prediction B. foreboding C. omen D. dearth 5. 1 slipped briefly back into sleep and emerged when breakfast was being served outside in a ( n ) _____ garden-eourtyard.

A. whimsical B. extravagant C. extortionate D. enchanting 6. He had a m om entary _____ o f concentration and before he knew it the car had spun out o f control.

A. lapse B. loss C. slip D. mistake 7. In the hands o f a careless driver, a car becomes a _____ weapon.

A. fatal B. mortal C. lethal D. venal 8. He glanced at Juliet accusingly and she looked_____ abashed.

A. completely B. absolutely C. utterly D. suitably 9. We were sorted out into groups according to the types o f honors and quite a long w a i t _____ .

A. ensued B. eventuated C. supervened D. transpired 10. The Prime Minister will decide whether to release the prisoner or not; that's h i s _____ .

A. derogatory B. abdication C. prerogative D. humanity 1 1. His new play is not only interesting but also unique. It is really off the beaten A. road B. path C. route D. track 12. That Peter was born and brought up in a rich family is as clear as t h e _____ A. nose on his face B. tip o f his tongue C. back o f his hand D. hair on his head 13. I will try to finish the job to the best of m y _____ .

A. knowledge B. ability C. means D. command 14. Tim said the meal w a s _____so we didn't have to worry about the price.

A. on the house B. on his expense C. for him D. for his money 54

_

15. Let Hercules himself do what he may, for a cat will mew and a dog will have h i s _____ .

A. day B. time C. month D. year 16. Breaking his l e g _____ a blow to his chances o f becoming a professional footballer.

A. brought B. caused C. dealt D. struck 17. In the acting career, the moment one first cut h i s _____ will be the most memorable with embarrassment and pride bubbling up inside.

A. nails B. teeth C. fingers D. hair 18. His French is roughly with my Japanese, so communication was rather difficult.

A. in harmony B. on a par C. on equal term D. on good terms 19. Max has b e e n _____ my ears all night about his new job.

A. bending B. deafening C. rolling D. biting 20. The fighting has stopped, so t o _____ , the war is over.

A. all pins and needles B. all chop and change C. all prim and proper D. all intents and purposes 21. We would sooner Mr. T r a m _____ us the urgent information the other night.

A. would have sent B. had sent C. sent D. had been sent 22. Would you b e _____my letter while I am away?

A. too good as to forward B. so good as to forward C. as good as to forward D. so good as forwarding 23. H e _____ us on the last day of the congress, so his presence at the opening ceremony was something o f a surprise.

A. could have joined B. had to join C. was about to join D. was to join 24. You could have d o n e ________inviting Sam to the party.

A. better or worse than B. a lot worse than C. much better as D. nothing as worse as 25. He works until nine o'clock every evening, and that’s q u i te _____ the work he does over the weekend.

A. except for B. apart from C. without D. but for 26. I would rather go sk iing_p icnicking this weekend.

A. than going B. than to going C. than to go D. than go 27. It is mandatory that smoking in public_____ .

A. is prohibited B. must be prohibited C. prohibiting D. be prohibited 28. In geometry, an ellipse may be defined as the locus o f all p o ints_____ distances from two fixed points is constant.

A. the sum o f whose B. o f which the sum C. whose sum o f D. which the sum of 55

29. Tony gripped his brother’s arm lest h e _____ by the mob.

A. would be trampled B. were trampled C. be trampled D. could have been trampled 30. The mini dress w a s ____ . but now it is making a comeback.

A. a fad once thought to be finished B. once thought a fad to be finishing C. thought a fad to be finished once D. once thought to be a finis 31. If you never put oil into your car engine, one day it w i l l _____ .

A. flake out B. shut down C. seize up D. run off 32. If you pay the restaurant bill with your credit card, it w i l l ___ with you later.

A. settle down B. settle up C. pay back D. pay off 33. In those days, doctors ladled_________ antibiotics to patients.

A. with B. on C. in D. out 34. Let’s find a place where we c a n _____ the storm.

A. wait out B. wear off C. wind down D. shrug off 35. The schoolboy w in c e d _____ the sight o f the cane in the headmaster’s hand.

A. at B. for C. by D. o f 36. I was completely b o w le d _____ by their warm reception.

A. with B. up C. off D. over 37. I am n o t _____ liberty to tell you anything about his private life.

A. in B. at C. by D. on 38. The figure is m o re _____ 2 0 0 ,1 think.

A. of B. at C. like D. with 39. Their performances are rea lly ______ compare. How amazing!

A. out o f B. over C. within D. beyond 40. The party w a s ___ full swing when I arrived. Everyone was singing and dancing.

A. in B. on C. about D. with READING CO M PREH ENSIO N 1: Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions below.

STEP BACK IN TIME

Historical biographer Antonia Fraser reveals the pleasures o f studying a bygone era.

Gibbon was inspired to write The Decline and Fall o f the Roman Empire sitting on the steps o f the Capitol at Rome one evening, listening to the sound of monks chanting vespers. My own inspiration to become a historical biographer came in rather less elevated circumstances, as a teenager one rainy Oxford afternoon: I began to read Lytton Strachey's Eminent Victorians and was in particular fascinated by his essay on the worldly Cardinal Manning. This was going to be the life for me! Once back at school I plunged into further research in the convent library. A very different picture emerged. Gradually as I pursued the topic, I became aware of Strachey's daring sallies into "artistic truth" (as opposed to historical truth). Nevertheless, I never forgot my original sense of being transported into a world more vivid than my own.

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An ability to convey this sensation is, I believe, at the heart o f the matter. If you, the biographer, don't thrill to your subject, you can hardly in all fairness expect the reader to do so. In a sense (not of course the commercial sense) the choice o f subject is irrelevant so long as it meets that requirem ent. You could say that I was extremely lucky to choose Mary Queen o f Scots for my first foray since there proved to be a world-wide public for the troubles of the ill-fated Queen. But you could argue equally that I made my own luck, since I had always been obsessed by Mary's story from childhood. Nor was success fore-ordained. It was, after all, the leading publisher Mark Bonham-Carter o f (then) Collins who said to me when I confessed my project, "They say that all books on Mary Queen o f Scots sell and no books on South America do", before adding with a laugh, "Perhaps yours will be the exception."

Nevertheless I did have luck. In the 60s, so-called narrative biography was said to be passé. Mary Queen o f Scots was an early beneficiary from the fact that the public continued to have an appetite for it, so long as the research was felt to be solid.

The actual research for a biography - now that's a whole other matter. The paramount need for it - historical truth not Stracheyesque truth must be established - means that biographers discover for themselves the reality o f Dr. Johnson's wise dictum: "A man will turn over half a library to make a book."

And what about those fabled things boasted o f on blurbs: hitherto unpublished documents? Obviously it is every researcher's dream to discover such papers, and their discovery once again may make a project commercial which would not otherwise be so. At the same time, I would issue a caveat about hitherto unpublished documents. HUDs are not in themselves more valuable than the printed sources - it's a historical coincidence that one set has become known early on. the other not. One needs to evaluate them even more closely. Here I speak from personal experience. A series o f chances led me to the discovery of some hitherto unpublished letters of Oliver Cromwell just as I was finishing my manuscript. I blazoned my finds across the text: only to realize at the proof stage, that they might be unpublished but they were not very important in the grand scheme o f things... an expensive mistake.

Where the perils and pleasures of writing historical biography are concerned, there are two perils which seem to me to raise points o f principle. The first is the peril of an ach ran is tic indue men ts . For example, in the 16th century more or less everybody took astrology seriously and more or less everybody enjoyed a jolly afternoon out to see the bears baited. It's no good dismissing the former as meaningless and cringing from the latter as disgusting.

I would further cite the peril o f hindsight. We may know that Henry VIII will marry six times, but he didn't, and he would have been amazed if it had been predicted at the time o f his first marriage to Catherine o f Aragon.

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And the pleasures? Manifold! Principal among them however is the opportunity to lead a life less ordinary. As a biographer, I can rule over kingdoms, lead the cavalry into battle, patronise the great artists o f the past and all without leaving my chair.

41. What did the writer learn while researching a historical figure as a teenager?

A. There was a surprising amount o f information available.

B. It was not possible to take everything she read as fact.

C. It was difficult to interpret the true meaning of what she read.

D. It was necessary to consult a wide range of sources.

42. What does that requirement refer to?

A. the reader’s response to a writer’s subject B. the correct choice o f subject C. the commercial appeal of the book D. the writer’s ability to communicate their enthusiasm 43. What did Mark Bonham-Carter believe about the writer’s choice o f subject?

A. Her long-standing interest in it may ensure her book’s success.

B. It did not guarantee her book’s success.

C. There are already too many books written on it.

D. It was a wise choice for her first biography.

44. The main point that the writer is making in the fourth paragraph is that.

A. a biography is more likely to be successful if it contains new information.

B. researchers must be careful to check all facts thoroughly.

C. research material can include inaccurate information.

D. extensive reading is crucially important.

45. What warning does the writer give to biographers about unpublished documents?

A. They are difficult to obtain as their discovery is down to chance.

B. Their overall significance to the book must be carefully considered.

C. Their use could result in diminished commercial success for a book.

D. It should not be assumed that they are authentic.

46. An example o f an anach ron istic judge men t that the writer gives is.

A. not being able to imagine oneself living in the sixteenth century.

B. being uninformed about sixteenth century customs and practices.

C. viewing the sixteenth century from a twenty-first century perspective.

D. focusing only on the negative side of life in the sixteenth century.

47. In the article as a whole, the writer implies that her main motivation for becoming a historical biographer was the chance to.

A. carry out extensive research.

B. become immersed in history.

C. discover unpublished documents.

D. establish historical truth.

48. The word elevated is closest in meaning to.

A. lofty B. normal C. raised D. high 49. The word passe is closest in meaning to.

A. obsolete B. out o f fashion C. antique D. archaic 58

50. The word their in the fifth paragraph refers to. À. blurbs B. researchers C. unpublished documents D. historical truths READING CO M PREHENSIO N 2 Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions below.

The Amazonian wilderness harbors the greatest number o f species on this planet and is an irreplaceable resource for present and future generations.

Amazonia is crucial for maintaining global climate and senetic resources , and its forest and rivers provide vital sources of food, building materials, pharmaceuticals, and water needed by wildlife and humanity.

The Los Amigos watershed in the state o f Madre de Dios, southeastern Peru, is representative of the pristine lowland moist forest once found throughout most of upper Amazonian South America. Threats to tropical forests occur in the form of fishing, hunting, gold mining, timber extraction, impending road construction, and slash and burn agriculture. The Los Amigos watershed, consisting o f 1.6 million hectares (3.95 million acres), still offers the increasingly scarce opportunity to study rainforest as it was before the disruptive encroachm ent of modern human civilization. Because o f its relatively pristine condition and the immediate need to justify it as a conservation zone and as a corridor between Manu National Park and the Tambopata-Candamo Reserved Zone, this area deserves intensive, long-term projects aimed at botanical training, ecotourism. biological inventory, and information synthesis.

On July 24. 2001. the government of Peru and the Amazon Conservation Association, represented by Enrique Ortiz, signed a contractual agreement creating the first long-term permanently renewable conservation concession. To our knowledge this is the first such agreement to be implemented in the world. The conservation concession protects 340.000 acres of old growth Amazonian forest in the Los Amigos watershed which is located in southeastern Peru. This watershed protects the eastern flank of Manu National Park and is part o f the lowland forest corridor that links it to Bahuaja-Sonene National Park. The Los Amigos conservation concession will serve as a mechanism for the development o f a regional center o f excellence in natural forest management and biodiversity science.

Several major projects are being implemented at the Los Amigos Conservation Area. Louise Emmons is initiating studies o f mammal diversity and ecology in the Los Amigos area. Other projects involve studies o f the diversity o f arthropods, amphibians, reptiles, and birds. Robin Foster has conducted botanical studies at Los Amigos, resulting in the labeling o f hundreds o f plant species along two kilometers o f trail in upland and lowland forest. Los Amigos has also been a major field site for Robin's rapid identification laminated photographic field guides to tropical plants. Michael Goulding is leading a fisheries and aquatic ecology program, which aims to document the diversity o f fish, their ecologies, and their habitats in the Los Amigos area and the Madre de Dios watershed in general.

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With support from the Amazon Conservation Association, and in collaboration with US and Peruvian colleagues, the Botany o f the Los Amigos project has been initiated. At Los Amigos, we are attempting to develop a system of preservation, sustainability, and scientific research; a marriage between various disciplines, from human ecology to economic botany, product marketing to forest management. The complexity of the ecosystem will best be understood through a multidisciplinary approach, and improved understanding of the complexity will lead to better management. In essence, we must be informed to make wise management decisions about Amazonian forests. These forests hold the greatest number o f species on our planet and are an irreplaceable resource for present and future generations. I'he future o f these forests will depend on sustainable management and development of alternative practices and products that do not require irreversible destruction.

The botanical project will provide a foundation of information that is essential to other programs at Los Amigos. By combining botanical studies with fisheries and mammology. we will better understand plant/animal interactions. By providing nam es, the botanical program will facilitate accurate communication about plants and the animals that use them. Included in this scenario are humans, as we will dedicate time to people-plant interactions in order to learn what plants are used by people in the Los Amigos area, and what plants could potentially be used by people.

To be informed, we must develop knowledge. To develop knowledge, we must collect, organize, and disseminate information. In this sense, botanical information has conservation value. Before we can use plant-based products from the forest, we must know what species are useful. We must know what their names are in order to be able to communicate accurately about them. We must be able to identify them, to know where they occur in the forest, how many of them exist, how they are pollinated and when they produce fruit (or other useful products). Aside from understanding the species as they occur locally at Los Amigos, we must have information about their overall distribution in tropical America in order to better understand and manage the distribution, variation, and viability o f their genetic diversity and germplasm. This involves a more complete understanding o f the species through studies in the field and herbarium.

5 I. The phrase genetic resources refers t o _________.

A. plant seeds B. different races o f people C. diverse species o f plants and animals D. cells that can be used in genetic cures for diseases 52. In paragraph 2. the author emphasizes that the current environmental condition o f Amazonian South America i s _________.

A. mostly unscathed B. restorable through his project C. irredeemable everywhere but in the Los Amigos watershed D. varying from destroyed to \ irtually pristine 60

53. The word encroachment in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning t o _________.

A. intrusion B. augmentation C. infringement D. seepage 54. The author implies in paragraph three that the agreement between Peru and the Amazon Conservation Association is history primarily because i t ______ .

A. was the first long-term agreement regarding land in the Amazon Rainforest B. represented the first time a South American government had agreed to renew a conservation agreement C. is essentially a permanent conservation agreement D. represents the first time such an agreement has been in the form of a renewable contract 55. The author's main purpose in the passage is t o _________.

A. demonstrate that conservation efforts have been historically successful and so should be continued B. garner support for opposition to destructive activities in the Los Amigos watershed C. position the Los Amigos watershed agreement as a success towards the achievement o f the vital goal o f conservation the Amazonian rainforests D. argue that the study pristine rainforests is essential for documenting and studying the myriad new species that the forests contain 56. The author's tone in the passage can be best described a s _________.

A. advocacy for his project over the other competing projects B. general praise for conservation projects in Amazonian South America C. passionate support for his and related projects D. zealous advocacy for his point o f view 57. The work o f Louise Emmons. Robin Foster, and Michael Goulding (in paragraph 4) are employed in the passage a s _________ .

A. colleagues o f the author's in his botanical project B. examples of the kinds o f activities the author and his colleagues are trying to halt C. scientists who are representative o f new trends of study in Amazonian botany D. scientists involved in projects related and amenable to the author's 58. The author's botanical project involved all o f the following E X C E P T ______ .

A. studying plants in laboratory B. studying how plants are used by humans and animals C. facilitating pharmaceutical use o f plants D. labeling plants in the Los Amigos area 59. When the author says that the botanical project will provide names he means that the project w i l l _________.

A. help recognize new species B. aid in the standardization o f names for new' species C. participate in naming the region's different zones D. clarify the conclusion surrounding the names o f different organizations working in Amazonia 61

60. When the author says that botanical information has conservation value he means t h a t _________.

A. a robust understanding of conservationism is aided by botanical information B. conservationists should strive to preserve botanical information C. specification is o f importance for conservation D. political discussions about conservation should use botanical nomenclature GUIDED CLOZE 1: Choose the most appropriate words to fill in the blanks.

The national park movement began in the United States in 1870 when a team o f explorers suggested that part o f the Yellowstone River region be ( 6 1 ) _____ in order to protect its geothermal ( 6 2 ) _____ , wildlife, forests, and ( 6 3 ) _____ scenery for the benefit o f future generations. Congress ( 6 4 ) _____ by creating Yellowstone National Park, the world's first, in 1872.

The idea proved ( 6 5 ) _____ , and the number o f national parks in this country grew rapidly, new parks being set up by presidential ( 6 6 ) _____ and sometimes as a result o f gifts by states o f the union or by individuals. Administration o f this increasingly complex system was in the hands o f the U.S. Army for thirty years from 1886. but then Congress created the National Park Service as part o f the Department o f the Interior to (6 7 ) _____ it.

Today, in addition to what might be thought o f as typical national parks, the Service also manages places of historic interest, hiking trails, seashores, rivers, ( 6 8 ) ________o f scientific interest and memorials. In all, more than 300 entities are involved, covering over 32 million hectares. Each unit is directed by a superintendent who is responsible for all aspects o f the operation. Staff (69) _ administrative personnel and. according to the nature o f the unit, park rangers, naturalists, historians, and ( 7 0 ) _____ workers.

61. A. set up B. set aside C. set by D. set in 62. A. tokens B. characters C. features D. traits 63. A. breathless B. optimal C. exceptional D. prominent 64. A. countered B. retrieved C. designated D. responded 65. A. prevailing B. banal C. widespread D. popular 66. A. analogy B. proclamation C. constitution D. dissemination 67. A. oversee B. overlook C. overcharge D. overact 68. A. observatories B. reserves C. reservoirs D. estuaries 69. A. cover B. control C. undergo D. undertake 70. A. maintenance B. sustainable D. conservation C. protectorate GUIDED CLOZE 2: Choose the most appropriate words to fill in the blanks.

Ocean water plays a(n) ( 7 1 ) _____ role in supporting life. The great ocean basins hold about 300 million cubic miles o f water. From this vast amount, about 80.000 cubic miles o f water are sucked into the atmosphere each year by evaporation and returned by precipitation and drainage to the ocean. More than 24.000 cubic miles o f rain descend annually upon the continents. This vast amount is required to ( 7 2 ) _____ the lakes and streams, springs and water tables on which all flora and fauna are dependent. Thus, the hydrosphere permits organic existence.

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The hydrosphere has strange characteristics because water has ( 7 3 ) _____ unlike those o f any other liquid. One ( 7 4 ) _________is that water upon freezing (75 ) ___________ by about 9 percent, whereas most liquids contract on cooling.

(76 ) _________this reason, ice floats on water bodies instead o f sinking to the bottom. If the ice sank, the hydrosphere would soon be frozen solidly, except for a thin layer o f surface melt water during the summer season. Thus, all aquatic life would be destroyed and the interchange o f warm and cold currents, which moderates climate, would be (7 7 ) _________absent.

Another outstanding characteristic of water is that water has a heat capacity which is the highest o f all liquids and solids except ammonia. This characteristic enables the oceans to absorb and store vast quantities o f heat, ( 7 8 ) _____ often preventing climatic extremes. In addition, water dissolves more substances than any other liquid. It is this characteristic which helps make oceans a great storehouse for minerals which have been washed (79) _____ from the continents. In several areas o f the world these minerals are being commercially exploited. Solar evaporation o f salt is widely ( 8 0 ) _____ , potash is extracted from the Dead Sea, and magnesium is produced from sea water along the American G ulf Coast.

7 1. A. principle D. expendable B. principal C. dispensable 72. A. replenish D. restore B. reinforce C. replete 73. A. property D. nature B. characteristics C. assets 74. A. alienation C. contrast B. distinction D. inconsistency 75. A. extends B. inflates D.expands C. increases 76. A. For B. By C. In D. With 77. A. remarkably B. vaguely C. unnoticeably D. indefinitely 78. A. so B. hence C. and then D. consequently 79. A. off B. out C. up D. down 80. A. exercised C. practised B. exerted D. proceeded

B. WRITTEN TEST (70 PTS I. CLOZE TEST (20 PTS) OPEN CLOZE 1: Fill in each numbered blank with ONE suitable word.

A new threat to our health seems to have arisen in our midst, confusion and stress brought ( I ) _________by technology. All you need to do to prove this to ( 2 ) ________is to telephone a large company; a recorded voice will ( 3 ) __________ you with a bewildering list o f choices, and when you have finished answering its questions, you will probably be subjected to several minutes o f piped music before you eventually make contact with a human being. But the stress you undergo as a result is negligible compared to the ( 4 ) ________the telegraph made on people 150 years ago. Until ( 5 ) ________. messages could only travel as fast as a messenger could carry them. But now they could be sent great ( 6 ) ______ in seconds. Before long, (7) _________ cables were laid across the oceans, and thirty years later, the network reached 20,000 towns around the world.

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Information arrived so quickly, often contradicting what had previously been transmitted. ( 8 ) _____________ businessmen had to work much harder to (9) abreast o f developments. If we find difficulty with the Internet, which is technological evolution, ( 1 0 ) _________revolution, our ancestors had afar harder task in getting used to the invention in the first place.

OPEN CLOZE 2: Fill in each n u m b ere d b lank with O N E suitable w ord.

Negative impacts from tourism occur when the level o f visitor use is greater than the environment's ( 1 1 ) _______ to cope with this use within the acceptable limits o f change. Uncontrolled conventional tourism poses potential ( 1 2 ) ______ to many natural areas around the world. It can put enormous pressure on an area and lead to impacts such as soil erosion, increased pollution, ( 1 3 ) ________into the sea. natural habitat loss, increased pressure on endangered species and heightened ( 1 4 ) ______ to forest fires. It often puts a strain on water resources and it can force local populations to compete for the use o f critical resources.

Water, and especially fresh water, is one o f the most critical natural resources.

The tourism industry generally ( 1 5 ) _______________water resources for hotels, swimming pools, golf courses and personal use o f water by tourists. This can result (16) _ _ _ _ _ _ water shortages and ( 1 7 ) _________o f water supplies, as well as generating a greater volume o f waste water. Tourism can create great pressure on local resources like energy, food and other raw materials that may already be in short supply. Greater extraction and transport o f these resources exacerbates the physical impacts associated with their exploitation. Because of the ( 1 8 ) _________character o f the industry, many destinations have ten times ( 1 9 ) _________ inhabitants in the high season than in the low season. A high demand is placed upon these resources to (20) _ _ _ _ _ _ the high expectations tourists often have (proper heating, hot water, etc.)

II. W O R D F O R M A T IO N (20 PTS) WORD FORMATION 1: Supply the c orrect form s of the w o rd s given.

1. To t h e ___________ . most computer systems seem complex and difficult to understand. (INITIATIVE) 2. The pieces o f evidence fell into place with t h e ___________ precision o f a well-made jigsaw puzzle. (VOICE) 3. Parents have d e e p ____________ about allowing business values to be used in schools. (GIVE) 4. For many people, social networking offers them a feeling o f ____________ from the real world. (ESCAPE) 5. Not sick. Mai guessed, but probably____________ now that she drank a lot at the party last night. (HANG) 6. The boats surrounded the whales, drove them into nets, where they became ____________ and were rendered helpless by harpoon thrusts. (MESH) 7. “ P" is a ____________ consonant. (LIP) 8. Perhaps ____________ , recent computer modeling studies predict fewer tropical cyclones if the ocean heats up further as a result o f global warming.

(INTUITION) 64

9. New immigrants have been successfully____________ into the community.

(SIMILAR) 10. We have to learn good examples, to look at our behavior and to stop being . (RIGHT) WORD FORMATION 2: Fill in the blank with an appropriate form o f one of the words given to make a meaningful passage.

bridge healthy

live corporate

allegation accompany

sequential license

nam e gain fu l

William Sydney Porter (1862-1910), who wrote under the ( 1 1 ) ________o f O. Henry, was born in North Carolina. His only formal education was to attend his Aunt Lina's school until the age of fifteen, where he developed his ( 1 2 ) ________ love of books. By 1881 he was a ( 1 3 ) _____ pharmacist. However, within a year, on the recommendation o f a medical colleague o f his Father’s, Porter moved to La Salle County in Texas for two years herding sheep. During the time, Webster's ( 1 4 ) _____ Dictionary was his constant ( 1 5 ) _____ , and Porter gained a knowledge o f ranch life that he later ( 1 6 ) _____________ into many o f his short stories. He then moved to Austin for three years, and during this time the first recorded use o f his pen name appeared. (17) ____________ derived from his habit of calling “Oh. Henry" to a family cat. In 1887, Porter married Athol Estes.

He worked as a draftsman, then as a bank teller for the First National Bank.

In 1894 Porter founded his own humor weekly, the “ Rolling Stone”, a venture that failed within a year, and later wrote a column for the Houston Daily Post. In the meantime, the First National Bank was examined, and the ( 1 8 ) ____________ indictment o f 1886 stated that Porter had embezzled funds. Porter then fled to New Orleans, and later to Honduras, leaving his wife and child in Austin. He returned in 1897 because o f his wife’s continued ( 1 9 ) _____________ , however, she died six months later. Then, in 1898 Porter was found guilty and sentenced to five years’ imprisonment in Ohio. At the age o f 35, he entered prison as a defeated man; he had lost his job, his home, his wife, and finally his invented name he now used to hide his identity. He wrote at least twelve stories in jail, and after ( 2 0 ) _____________ his freedom, went to New York City, where he published more than 300 stories and gained fame as America's favorite short story writer. Porter married again in 1907. but after months o f poor health, he died in New' York City at the age o f 48 in 1910. O. Henry’s stories have been translated all over the world.

III. ERROR IDENTIFICATIO N (10 PTS) dentify 10 mistakes in this passage and suggest corrections._______________ Preserving organisms in museums is one way o f retaining them for posterity, but almost people agree that it would be nice to keep a few of them live in the wild. too. At the moment, which species survive, which decline to threatened or even status and which succumb for extinction is something o f a lottery. WORLDMAP is an easy-to-use software that identified geographical patterns in diversity, rarity and conservation 65

priorities. It can perform a range o f specialist biological analysis for infinitely countless numbers o f species, with a view to provide biodiversity data for research purposes. The program divides the surface 10 area o f the world into cells, usually arranging in a rectangular grid.

WORLDMAP can also predict the likelihood o f a hitherto unobserved species found in an area on the basis o f theirs known distribution. Given the patchiness o f most records, which is a useful trick. Furthermore, it can select complementary areas for preservation. Those are not necessarily 15 cells with the highest individual biodiversity, but for those which, together, maximize what is preserved by picking places with the least overlapping species.________________________________________________ IV. SENTENCE TRANSFORM ATION: Rewrite the following sentences using the words given. (20 PTS) 1. Linda was very nervous, which made her look like a bashful g i r U ( C A M ^ A —> Such v __ :A J 2. As soon as the funds ran out. they had to abandon the scheme. (PETERED) ' —> The instant_________________________________________________________.

3. Why did you reveal my plan to Kathy? (BREATHED) - «.

-> rd _ ~ “ ' _______________ 4. David was responsible íév the family business as soon as his father retired.

(CHARGE) , 'v —» Scarcely -----= t *L->-------- --------------------------- --------------------- ------5. Your encouragement helped to make things léss grievous afijer such a heavy loss. (CUSHION) * '

—> It w a s _ __ .

6. Tina was crazy about stamps, so'she spends lots o f mcyiey on them every month. (SPLASHED) i 7 ‘ oy - » Had it _ / _ 7. He tried hard but couldn't compensate for what he had done. (AVlENDS)

t.

‘S

¿_

—» Try ------ _

--------------------- “ T

---------------^

----------------------------- *

T'1-------— --------------------

8. Experts think that all dogs evplved from wolyes. (DESCENDED') (

, , in ,

-> All dogs _(_____ _____________________________ 2^ ^ ^ p erts.

9. We didn’t learn he stillmanaged tolive with.very littlemoney as a waiter until later. (EKED) ^

^

- » N o t until _J -__ I_____ .

10. Nobody is certain if the project will be permitted to continue. (GÓ-AHEAD) —> It’s still touch / ' ' K " rA" " " K t f t

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Phần It ĐỀ THI ĐỀ NGHỊ OLYMPIC TRUYỀN THốNC. 3 0 /4 NĂM 2 0 1 4 - 2 0 1 8

NOM 2014 TRƯỜNG THPT CHUYÊN TRẦN HUNG ĐẠO - BÌNH THUẬN MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS I. PH ONOLOGY (10 points) Pick out the word whose bold part is pronounced differently from those of the others (5 points) 1. A. absinthe B.soothe C. loathe D. wreathe 2. A. accredit D. saliva B. salamander C. majesty 3. A. hatred D. privileged B.rugged C. wicked 4.A. Guinness B. refuge C. recipe D. sacred 5. A. delicate B. passionate C. private D. penetrate Choose the word whose stress pattern is different from that o f the other words in the same line.

6. A. photography C. photographer D. facsimile B. photographic 7. A. automobile C. biosphere D. preoccupy B. microscope 8 .A. commodity D. intertwine B. condescending C. conscientious 9. A. credulous B. notorious D. obvious C. numerous 10. A. diagonal B. diagram D. diamond C. dialect II. VO CABLARY AND STRUCTURE: (30 points) Choose the word or the phrase which best com pletes each sentence.

1. The children were all upset, and some w e r e __________ tears.

A. with B. in C. onto D. for 2. Sorry. I seem to have taken the wrong um brella_____________ mistake.

A. by B. with C. in D. o f 3. Please hurry. We need these docum ents_____________ delay.

A. off B. under C. below D. without 4. That wasn’t an accident! You did i t _____________ purpose.

A. with B. at C. for D. on .5. The most dramatic example o f static electricity is lightning.

A. examination B. distance C. instance D. purpose 6. There are m a n y ..................................... o f pollution in our modern world A. resources B. sources C. bases D. foundation 67

7. Using the computer competently is an im portant............................ to help one get a good job.

A. reason B. aspect C. factor D. issue 8. George wants £1000 for his car, but I don’t think i t ' s ...............as much as that.

A. worth B. cost C. valued D. priced 9. “ Did Jenny say anything about her sister?” - No, she d i d n 't ...............her at all.

A. remind B. remark C. refer D. mention 10. Surveying is the science o f calculating exact distances and directions between points o f the Earth's surface.

A. precise B. local C. obscure D. great 11. Sir Humphrey has been............................MP for five years.

A. a B. an C. the D. (p 12. Only because she had to support her fa m ily ................. to leave school.

A. that Alice decides B. did Alice decide C. does Alice decide D. Alice decided 13. They go to the seaside .......................... they should be disturbed by the noise o f the city.

A. in order that B. so that C. for D. lest 14................................... that she burst into tears.

A. Such was angry girl B. So angry she was C. She was angry so D. Her anger was such 15. If I wear a long-sleeved shirt, I usually........................................the sleeves.

A. put up B. take up C. roll up D. get up 16. How much money do you manage t o ............................ ?

A. come into B. go in for C. deal with D. live on 17. Losing my job was a great shock, but I think I’m ...............................it.

A. seeing to B. putting up with C. getting over D. standing for 18. The telescope will photograph distant g a la x ie s ,........an attempt to understand the universe.

A. on B. in C. for D. with 19. The customer was so annoyed that h e ___ the receipt in from o f the manager.

A. wore out B. tried on C. took over D. ripped up 20. If y o u _________any problems when you arrive at the airport, give me a ring.

A. come about B. catch on C. run into D. face up 21. The technological and economic changes o f the 19th century had a marked on workers A. cause B. effect C. impact D. consequence 22. The first sign o f vitamin A disorder is n i g h t ......................................

A. loss o f sight B. lack o f vision C. invisibility D. blindness 23. When you take ice out o f the freezer, i t ......................................

A. melts B. dissolves C. softens D. disappears 68

24. Their attempt to gain a seat in the Parliament came to a success in the end.

A. showed off B. went off C. came off D. broke off 25. An a lm o s t.................................... line o f traffic was moving at a snail's pace through town.

A. continuous B. constant C. continual D. stopping 26. The companies a p p e a r ............ the water supply in this area for a long time.

A. to foul B. to be fouled C. to be fouling D. to have been fouling 2 7 ............ the new subject that almost no students passed the final term exam.

A. So was complex B. Complex was so C. So complex was D. Was so complex 28. Up northwest o f the U S ........o f Washington, although the city of Washington D.C. is in the east.

A. the state is B. are the state C. is the state D. the state are 29. It is mandatory that smoking in p u b lic ........................

A. prohibited B. prohibit C. be prohibited D. is prohibited 30......................... many people are very optimistic about economic growth in the next year.

A. Despite the fact that the economy is going down B. But for the economy is going down C. On account o f the fact that the economy is going down D. Before entering the water III. READING ( 20 points) Read the text below and then answer the questions : READING 1: According to airline industry statistics, almost 90 percent o f airline accidents are survivable or partially survivable. But passengers can increase their chances o f survival by learning and following certain tips. Experts say that you should read and listen to safety instruction before take off and ask questions if you have uncertainties. You should fasten your seat belt low on your hips and as tightly as possible. O f course, you should also know how the release mechanism o f your belt operates. During takeoffs and landings, you are advised to keep your feet flat on the floor. Before takeoff you should locate the nearest exit and an alterative exit and count the rows o f seats between you and the exits so that you can reach them in the dark if necessary.

In the event that you are forewarned o f a possible accident, you should put your hands on your ankles and keep your head down until the plane comes to a complete stop. If smoke is present in the cabin, you should keep your head low and cover your face with napkins, towels, or clothing. If possible, wet these for added protection against smoke inhalation. To evacuate as quickly as possible, 69

follow crew commands and do not take personal belong with you. Do not jump on escape slides before they are fully inflated, and when you jump, do so with your arms and legs extended in front o f you. When you get to the ground, you should move away from the plane as quickly as possible, and smoke near the wreckage.

1. What is the main topic o f the passage?

A. Airline industry accident statistics.

B. Procedures for evacuation aircraft.

C. Guidelines for increasing aircraft passenger survival.

D. Safety instructions in air travel.

2. Travelers are urged by experts to read and listen to safety instruction________.

A. in an emergency B. before locating the exits C. If smoke is in the cabin D. before take-off 3. According to the passage, airline travelers should keep their feet flat on the flo o r_____ .

A. Throughout the flight B. During take-offs and landings C. Especially during landings D. only if an accident is possible 4. According to the passage, which exits should an airline passenger locate before take-off?

A. The ones that can be found in the dark.

B. The two closest to the passenger's seat.

C. The nearest one.

D. The ones with counted rows o f seats between them.

5. The word "them" in line 7 refers t o ________.

A. rows B. feet C. seats D. exits 6. It can be inferred from the passage that people are more likely to survive fires in aircrafts if t h e y __.

A. keep their heads low C. don't smoke in or near a plane B. wear a safety belt D. read airline safety statistics 7. Airline passengers are advised to do all o f the following E X C E P T ________.

A. locate the nearest exit B. ask questions about safety C. fasten their seat belts before take-off D. carry personal belongings in an emergency 8. The word "evacuate" in line 12 is closest in meaning t o ______ .

A. evade B. vacate C. escape D. maintain 9. The word "inflated" in line 14is closest in meaning t o _______ .

A. lifted B. expanded C. increased D. assembled 10. Where does the author mention what to do if you don't understand the instructions?

A. Lines 2-4 B. Lines 1-6 C. Lines 7-13 D. Lines 12-13 70

READING 2 Ralph Earl was born into a Connecticut farm family in 1751. He chose early to become a painter and looked for what training was available in his home state and in Boston. Earl was one o f the first American artists to paint landscapes.

Among his first paintings were scenes from the Revolutionary war battles of Lexington and Concord. In 1778 Earl went to London to study with Benjamin West for four years.

When Earl returned to the United States, he was jailed for fourteen months for outstanding debts. While still a prisoner, he painted portraits o f some of New York City's most elegant society women and their husbands. After his release, he took up the trade o f itinerant portrait painter, working his way through southern New England and New York. He didn’t flatter his subjects, but his portrait show a deep understanding o f them; perhaps he had sprung from the sam e roots.

Among Earl's most famous paintings is his portrait o f Justice Oliver Ellsworth and his wife, Abigail. To provide counterpoint to the severity o f the couple, he accurately details the relative luxury o f the Ellsworth's interior furnishings. The view through the window behind them shows sunlit fields, wellkept fences, and a bend of the Connecticut River. One o f Earl’s paintings is something o f anomaly. Reclining Hunter, which many years was attributed to Thomas Gainsborough, shows a well-dressed gentleman resting beneath a tree. In the foreground, he displays a pile o f birds, the results o f a day’s hunt. The viewer can also see a farmer’s donkey lying in the ground, another o f the hunter’s victims.

This outrageously funny portrait couldn't have been commissioned - no one would have wanted to be portrayed in such an absurd way. However, this painting uncharacteristically shows Earl’s wit as well as his uncommon technical skills.

1. What is the author’s main purpose?

A. To discuss the life and work of an American painter B. To compare the art o f Ralph Earl and Thomas Gainsborough C. To trace Ralph Earl’s artistic influences D. To describe the art scene in New York in the late eighteenth century 2. Which o f the following is NOT given in the passage as a subject o f one of Earl’s paintings?

A. People B. Landscapes C. Battle scenes D. Fruit and flowers 3. According to the passage, Benjamin West was Ralph Earl's.

A. subject B. teacher C. student D. rival 4. Which o f the following could be substituted for outstanding without changing the meaning o f the sentence?

A. excellent B. shocking C. unpaid D. illegal 71

5. The word itinerant is closest in meaning to which o f the following?

A. traveling B. successful C. talented D. innovative 6. The author uses the phrase sprung from the same roots to indicate that Ralph Earl and his subjects.

A. lived in the same town B. were about the same age C. were equally successful D. had the same back ground 7. According to the passage, one o f the distinguishing features o f the portrait Oliver and Abigail Ellsworth is the contrast between.

A. the plainness o f the figures and the luxury o f the furnishings B. the two styles used to paint the two figures C. the sunlit fields and the dark interior D. the straight fences and the curving Connecticut River 8. Why does the author refer to Reclining Hunter as “something o f anomaly'’?

A. It is so severe.

B. It is quite humorous.

C. It shows Earl’s talent.

D. It was commissioned.

9. The word he refers to .....................................

A. Ralph Earl.

B. the farmer.

C. the hunter.

D. Thomas Gainsborough.

10. The author’s attitude towards Ralph Earl i s .........................................

A. admiring B. antagonistic C. neutral D. unflattering IV. GUIDED CLOZE TEST : CLOZE TEST 1 : Choose the word or phrase which best fits each gap of the passage (10 p o in ts): WHALING Rock carvings suggest that Stone Age people were hunting whales for food as early as 2200 BC. Such ( 1 ) ______ hunting is still practiced today in a number o f ( 2 ) ______ including the Inuit people of Greenland and North America.

Whaling became big business from the seventeenth century as the ( 3 ) ______ for whalebone and whale oil rose, and humpback and sperm whales were hunted in increasingly large numbers. But just as ( 4 ) ______ o f these species began to fall, the explosive harpoon-gun was invented. This weapon, together with the development o f steam-powered ships, ( 5 ) ______ the whalers to hunt the fastmoving fin and blue whales.

In 1905, the whaling (6) ______ moved to the waters o f Antarctica. The introduction o f (7)____ factory ships enabled the whales to be processed at sea.

As a result, the blue whale had ( 8 ) ______ disappeared by the 1950s. In 1946. the International Whaling Commission was established to maintain the declining whale populations. Quotas were ( 9 ) ______ but these were often ignored and numbers continued to fall. Hunting o f many species continued until 1986 when the IWC finally responded to international ( 1 0 ) ______ and a ban on commercial whaling was introduced.

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1. A. survival 2. A. groups 3. A. demand 4. A. stores 5. A. managed 6. A. lines 7. A. sturdy 8. A. virtually 9. A. made 10. A. reputation

B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B.

essential societies desire stocks employed troops bulky possibly set volume

C. basic C. C. C. C. C. C. C. C. C.

races request supplies enabled staff massive uniquely placed shame

D. subsistence D. nationalities D. reliance D. assets D. empowered D. fleets D. gross D. commonly D .d o n e D. pressure

CLOZE TEST 2: Read the following passage and choose the options that best com plete the blanks. (10 points) Stressful situations that (1) _____ almost every day in life seem to be unavoidable. However, we can do little sometimes to avoid a misfortune or an unpleasant occurrence which may ( 2 ) _____ us unexpectedly as only it can. At such a moment, one may hit the ( 3 ) _____ , give in to the helplessness o f the situation or, ideally, put a brave face on it trying to ( 4 ) _____ the burden.

Can you (5) _____ in your mind an hour spent in a traffic jam , say, this morning? Do you light one cigarette after another? Do you sound the horn every few seconds like the other neurotics? Or do you take a different ( 6 ) _____ and make good use o f the time drawing up a schedule for the days to come? To withstand the stressful moment you can also do a crossword puzzle, listen to your favorite music or even compose a menu for your Sunday dinner.

In fact, whatever way you ( 7 ) _____ to the annoying situation, you can exert no impact on it as the traffic jam will only reduce in due (8) _____ .

Nevertheless, your reaction might considerably influence your mood for the rest of the day. The inability to confront a stressful occurrence like that with a deal of composure and sensibility adds much more strain to your life and in this way puts your well-being in (9)_____ . Surprisingly, it's the seemingly negligible hardships we stumble on daily that run double the risk o f developing serious health disorders rather than our isolated tragedies however painful they may be. ( 1 0 ) _____ that so many o f those wretched stress inducing troubles affect us in a day, we should, at best, try to avoid them or possibly make radical alterations in the way we lead our daily lifestyles.

C. originate D. emerge 1. A. devise B. create 2. A. arise B. happen C. befall D. occur 3. A. post B. roof C. bottom D. wall 4. A. subsist B. remain C. cow D. bear 5. A. envision B. observe C. picture D. image 6. A. manner B. stance C. practice D. mode 73

7.

8.

9.

10.

A. strike A. term A. risk A. Providing

B. deal B. course B. weakness B. Given

C. C. C. C.

respond timing insecurity Hence

D. challenge D. period D. jeopardy D. As much

V. OPEN CLOZE TEST (20pts) OPEN CLOZE TEST 1 The climate in Bach Ma National Park is tropical with two distinctive seasons caused by the monsoon winds. The weather (1)______ in the park area can change very quickly in the morning. It is sunny but it may be cloudy with heavy rain in the afternoon. (2)______ o f the proximity o f the sea, there are often strong winds. Admittedly, the park supports a very large (3)______ o f plant and animal species. This is partly due to the variations in altitude and also because the park is (4)______ within the transition area o f two bio-geographical zones containing species from northern and southern Vietnam. The vegetation includes two main formations: tropical lowland (5)______ below 900m and sub-tropical forest between 900 and 1450m - the latter being the richest and less disturbed (6 )______ human influence. The flora o f Bach Ma includes at least 1.400 (7 )_____ which represent around one-fifth o f the entire flora o f Vietnam. The fauna is considered to (8)______ half of all mammals known in Vietnam. 43 species o f mammals have been identified in the (9)______ and further 76 species have been listed as potentially present, considering their overall range of distribution. Nine species o f primates have been confirmed in Bach Ma. The 330 species o f birds that have been observed in the park represent over one-third of the species (10)______ in Vietnam.

OPEN CLOZE TEST 2 For over two hundred years, scholars have shown an interest in the way children learn to speak and understand their first language. Several small-scale studies were carried out, especially towards the end o f the nineteenth century, .................. (1) data recorded in parental diaries. But detailed, systematic investigation did not begin until the middle decades o f the twentieth century, when the tape re c o rd e r................... (2) into routine use. This made it possible to keep a permanent record o f samples o f child speech, so that analysts could listen repeatedly to o b s c u r e ......................(3), and thus produce a detailed and accurate description. The problems that have to b e .......................... (4) when investigating child speech are quite different from ........................ (5) encountered when working with adults. It is not possible to carry out certain kinds o f experiments, because aspects o f children's cognitive development, such as their ability to .......................(6) attention or to remember instructions, may not be . sufficiently advanced............................. (7) is it easy to get children to ............................ (8) systematic judgements about language - a ................................. (9) that is virtually 74

impossible below the age o f three. Moreover, anyone who has tried to make a tape recording o f a representative sample o f a child's speech knows/ realizes/ understands how frustrating this can be. Some children, it seems, are innately programmed to ........................... (10) off as soon as they notice a tape recorder ................................ (11) switched on.

VI.

W ORD FORM ( 20ins)

A. Give the correct form of the words in brackets ( lOpts) 1. You should see the way my older brother dresses. I suppose on his salary he can afford to look so smart a n d .............................. (GROOM) 2. The government has passed the law o f ........................... (ALCOHOL) 3. In m y view , he is too ( D E C I D E ) .................................... to be accepted. A good b ro k er m ust be able to take pro m p t decisions.

4. T h e poet's ( B U R Y ) ................... attracted h u n d re d s o f his a d m ire rs w h o c a m e to pay their last respects.

5. In ..................... with the rules o f the competition, the team was disqualified.

(ACCORD) 6. The film is entertaining but full o f historical.......................(ACCURATE) 7. Newspapers blamed the chaos after the flood on the .......................................... of the local officials. (ADMINISTER) 8. The build-up o f troops in the border area has (HIGH) ............................... tension between the two countries.

9. The government has yet to make an official (P R O N O U N C E ).......................on the issue.

10. The company has an annual (TUR N).................. o f £25 million.

B. Read the following passage and fill each blank with the correct form of the word chosen from the box: ( lOpts)

hum anity sewer

wild develop

face avail

drink fa rm

pest contaminate

The Earth's (1)_________is two-third water, yet most o f this is (2)_______ because it is either seawater or ice. O f the 1% that is (3)_________ as fresh Water, most is used for (4)_________or goes to industry. Freshwater (5)_________ is the major problem since it is all too easy to pollute river and streams with (6)________, industrial waste, and (7)______ . In poor and (8)________ countries, the addition or' sewage to sources o f water leads to diseases and death. In China, a United Nations report estimates that over 78% o f people drink from polluted water supplies. Although (9)_____ has made enormous efforts to control the supply o f fresh water by constructing more than 35,000 dams throughout the world, falling water tables, shrinking rivers and lakes, and less o f (10)________ are the result.

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VII. ERROR IDENTIFICATION (10 points) There are 10 errors (gram m ar or word usage) in the following passage.

Identify, then underline and correct them. Some lines are correct. Indicate these lines with a tick ( ) . (0) has been done as an example.

0. prune

pruned

Line

15

20

Trees should only be prune when there is a good and clear reason for doing so and, fortunately, a number o f such reasons is small. Pruning involves the cutting away o f overgrown and wanted branches, and the inexperiened gardener can be encouraged by the thought that more damage results in doing it unnecessarily than from leaving the tree to grow in its own way.

First, pruning may be done to make sure that trees have a desire shape or size. The object may be to get a tree o f the right height, and at the same time to help the growth o f small side branches which will thicken its appearance or give it a special shape. Secondly, pruning may be done to help the tree healthier. You may cut out diseased or dead wood, or branches rubbing with each other and thus causing wounds. The health o f a tree may be encouraged by removing branches that are blocking up the centre and so preventing the free movement o f air.

One result o f pruning is that an open wound is left on the tree and this provides an easy entry for disease, but it is a wound that will heal. Often there is a race between the healing and the disease as to when the tree will live or die, so that there is a period when a tree is at risk. It should be the aim o f every gardener to reduce that risk of death as much as possible. It is essential to make the area which has been pruned smooth and clean for healing will be slow down by roughness. You should allow the cutting surface to dry for a few hours and then paint it with one o f the substances available from garden shops produced especially for this purpose.

VIII. SENTENCE TRANSFO RM ATION ( 20pts) 1. Two men stole the old lady's handbag. .........

—» The old lady was 2. “ Without the rapid growth in population there would be fewer1food shortages” —» He b l a m e d ............................................................................................................

3. Not many o f the people in Britain speak a single word o f my language.

—» H a r d ly .....................................................................................................

4. I certainly w on’t change my mind about resigning. ( QUESTION) —> ........................................................................................................................................

5. Don’t tell the boss about our scheme. ( BREATHE) - > ........................................................................................................................................

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6. I really think my son is going to be a hugely successful businessman.

—» I have hiuh .

7. I am sure that he missed the eleven o'clock* train. ( C A N ’T) 8. Building societies will have to guard against their rivals. (LAURELS)t

■f 9. Your empty promises w on’t have any effect on her. (ICE) —» 10. He is becoming quite famous as an interviewer. (NAME) - » .........

1

TRƯỜNG THPT CHUYÊN BẮC QUẢNG NAM - QUẢNG NAM ĩĩ . MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS I. PH ONOLOG Y (5 pts) Choose the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from that of the others.

1. A . savs B. plavs C. days D. raise 2. A. preparedness B. deservedly C. blessed D. depressed 3. A. mosaic B. conserve C. reserve D. poison 4. A. explosion B.expense C. explore D. expectation 5. A. aborigine B. troupe C. facsimile D. vigilante Pick out the word that is stressed differently from the others.

6. A. specific B. analysis C. artificial D. photography 7. A. infrastructure B. satisfactory C. anniversary D. biological 8. A. widespread C. instinctively B. mischievous D. instrument 9. A. magnificent B. bureaucracy C. memorial D. humanism 10. A. criteria B. mechanize C. phenomenon D. rhinoceros II. W ORD CHOICE (5pts) Choose the word or phrase which best completes each sentence.

1. After the meal w e ________over our coffees for an hour or so.

A. lounged B. lingered C. loitered D. took 2. It must be used in a well-ventilated room. U s e d ________it could be harmful.

A. so B. nevertheless C. otherwise D. besides 3 The young director was thrilled to discover that his play had attracted a ________audience.

A. sized B. sizeable C. sizing D. resized 4. W ouldift it be nice if we all had the time and money t o _______off to France for a week?

A. swan B. worm C. wolf D. beaver 77

5. We would like to p a y ________to all the musicians who made this wonderful concert possible.

A. praise B. reward C. tribute D. thanks 6. They won the game because they were talented :it was no A. flick B. fluke C.fling D. flip 7. That student seems very and hardly says a word in class.

A.outgoing B. underhand C.withdrawn D. downbeat 8. To all the people who contributed, we would like to express our_____ thanks.

A. hearty B.heartfelt C. heartened D. heartrending 9. Buying a flat to rent out was a very_______ investment.

A. firm B. rich C. sound D. sturdy 10. You can buy fake designer clothes much more cheaply than t h e ____ article.

A. exact B. real C. true D. genuine III. STRUCTURE AND G RAM M AR ( 5pts) Choose the word or phrase which best completes each sentence, 1. He didn't dare to leave the house lest s o m eone______ recognize him.

A. may B. must C. would D. should 2. We s a w _________rising out o f the mist.

A. an ancient, grey, stone-built house B. a grey, ancient, stone-built house C. an ancient, stone-built, grey house D. a stone-built, grey, ancient house 3. We still meet up for a drink and a chat o n c e ________.

A. in a blue moon B. at a time C. in a black mood D. all the time 4. I don’t suppose you like pineapple,______ ?

A. do I B. do you C. don't 1 D. don’t you 5. Written to be performed on a _______ , Thornton Wilder’s play “ Our Town" depicts life in a small New England community.

A. stage scenery o f bare B. scenery bare o f stage C. stage bare o f scenery D. bare o f stage scenery 6. She said she would be punctual for the opening speech.______ she were late?

A. but what if B. how about C. and what about D. so if 7. Can you list the problem s____ poor a n d _____countries?

A. facing/ overpopulation B. facing/overpopulated C. face/ overpopulated D. facing/overpopulating 8. One’s fingerprints a r e _____ other person.

A. different from B. different from any C. differ from any D. different from those o f any 9. She listened so attentively that not a word______ A. she had missed B. she missed C. she didn’t D. did she miss 10. Having been selected to present the Association o f American Engineers at the International C onvention,_________.

A. the members applauded him B. a speech had to be given by him C. the members congratulated him D. he gave a short acceptance speech 78

IV. PREPO SITIO NS AND PHRASAL VERBS ( 5pts) Choose the word or phrase which best completes each sentence.

1. I don't believe you. You're having m e ________.

A. with B. on C. off D. about 2. It is quite clearly _________down that only amateurs can take part.

A. lived B. made C. laid D. put 3. I'd just like to consult my father before 1_______ myself to a decision. ' A. make B. drive C. commit D. have 4. He la id ________all his savings on that venture which fortunately succeeded.

A. aside B. off C. down D. out 5. I ________quite a lot of money when my grandfather died.

A. came into B. looked into C. took off D. let down 6. Becca had to p u ll________of the race when she sprained her ankle.

A. out B. down C. off D. up 7. They had wanted it to be a surprise but the plan didn't c o m e ________.

A. on B. out C. off D. up 8. Learning English isn’t so difficult once you______ A. get down to it B. get off it C. get on it D. get down with it 9. Could you please refrain__________ smoking in the lecture hall?

A. from B. back C. to D. with 10. Roger d a b bled ________painting for a while, but recently he has given up.

A. with B. in C. on D. for V. READING COM PREHENSION PASSAGE 1: Read the following passage and choose the best option to complete the blank or answer the question. (5 pts) Homing pigeons are placed in a training program from about the time they are twenty-eight days o f age. They are taught to enter the loft through a trap and to exercise above and around the loft, and gradually they are taken away for short distances in wicker baskets and released. They are then expected to find their way home in the shortest possible time.

In their training flights or in actual races, the birds are taken to prearranged distant points and released to find their way back to their own lofts. Once the birds are liberated, their owners, who are standing by at the home lofts, anxiously watch the sky for the return of their entries. Since time is o f the essence, the speed with which the birds can be induced to enter the loft trap may make the difference between gaining a win or a second place.

The head o f a homing pigeon is comparatively small, but its brain is one quarter larger than that of the ordinary pigeon. The homing pigeon is very intelligent and will persevere to the point o f stubbornness some have been known to fly a hundred miles off course to avoid a storm.

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Some homing pigeon experts claim that this bird is gifted with a form of built-in radar that helps it find its own loft after hours o f flight, for hidden under the head feathers are two very sensitive ears, while the sharp, prominent eyes can see great distances in daytime.

Why do homing pigeons fly home? They are not unique in this inherent skill: it is found in most migratory birds, in bees, ants, toads, and even turtles, which have been known to travel hundreds o f miles to return to their homes. But in the animal world, the homing pigeon alone can be trusted with its freedom and trained to carry out the missions that people demand.

1. What is the purpose o f the passage?

A. To convince the reader to buy a homing pigeon B. To inform the reader about homing pigeons and their training C. To protect homing pigeons against the threat of extinction D. To encourage the owners o f homing pigeons to set the birds free 2. According to the passage, what happens to homing pigeons when they are about a month old?

A. They are kept in a trap.

B. They enter their first race.

C. They begin a training program.

D. They get their wings clipped andmarked.

3. What can be inferred when the author states that the owners “ anxiously watch the sky”?

A. The owners want their pigeon to win the race.

B. The owners are sending radar signals to their pigeons.

C. The owners do not know whether the race began on time.

D. The owners do not trust the rules set down by the judges.

4. According to the passage, what is the difference between a homing pigeon and an ordinary one?

A. The span o f the wings B. The shape o f the eyes C. The texture o f the feathers D. The size o f the brain 5. Which o f the following is NOT mentioned as attributes that enable a homing pigeon to return home?

A. instinct B. air sacs C. sensitive ears D. good eyes 6. The pronoun "it" in paragraph 4 refers to which of the following?

A. the build-in radar B. the bird C. the loft D. theform 7. Why does the author mention bees, ants, toads, and turtles?

A. To describe some unusual kinds of pets B. To measure distances traveled by various animals C. To compare their home-finding abilities with those o f homing pigeons D. To interest the reader in learning about other animals 80

8. Which o f the following best summarizes the extract in italics ?

‘'Why do homing pigeons fly home? They are not unique in this inherent skill."

A. Homing pigeons have the skill of flying home.

B. Homing pigeons fly home because'they are unique.

C. Homing pigeons are not the only species that always finds their way home.

D. Homing pigeons are unique because they are the only species that flies home.

9. Why are bees, toads, and turtles mentioned in the last paragraph?

A. As examples o f animals which can not fly.

B. As animals which live far away from their homes.

C. To illustrate animals which can find their way home by nature.

D. Because they are, by nature, different from homing pigeons.

10. Which o f the following is NOT TRUE about homing pigeons?

A. Their body structure does not allow them to fly for more than one hour.

B. They can not be trained to fly far away from home.

C. Their brain is relatively small in comparison with the size o f their head.

D. Their ears are hidden under their head feather.

PASSAGE 2: Read the following passage and choose the best option to com plete the blank or answer the question. (5 pts) Tulips are Old World, rather than New World, plants, with the origins o f the species lying in Central Asia. They became an integral part o f the gardens o f the Ottoman Empire from the sixteenth century onward, and, soon after, part^ of European life as well. Holland, in particular, became famous for its cultivation of the flower.

A tenuous line marked the advance o f the tulip to the New World, where it was unknown in the wild. The first Dutch colonies in North America had been established in New Netherland by the Dutch West India Company in 1624, and one individual who settled in New Amsterdam (today's Manhattan section of New York City) in 1642 described the flowers that bravely colonized the settlers' gardens. They were the same flowers seen in Dutch still-life paintings o f the time: crown imperials, roses, carnations, and o f course tulips. They flourished in Pennsylvania too, where in 1698 William Penn received a report o f John Tateham's "Great and Stately Palace," its garden full o f tulips. By 1760, Boston newspapers were advertising 50 different kinds o f mixed tulip "roots." But the length o f the journey between Europe and North America created many difficulties. Thomas Hancock, an English settler, wrote thanking his plant supplier for a gift o f some tulip bulbs from England, but his letter the following year grumbled that they were all dead.

Tulips arrived in Holland, Michigan, with a later wave o f early nineteenthcentury Dutch immigrants who quickly colonized the plains o f Michigan.

Together with many other Dutch settlements, such as the one at Pel la.Iowa, they 81

established a regular demand for European plants. The demand was bravely met by a new kind o f tulip entrepreneur, the traveling salesperson. One Dutchman, Hendrick van der Schoot, spent six months in 1849 traveling through the United States taking orders for tulip bulbs. While tulip bulbs were traveling from Europe to the United States to satisfy the nostalgic longings o f homesick English and Dutch settlers, North American plants were traveling in the opposite direction. In England, the enthusiasm for American plants was one reason why tulips dropped out o f fashion in the gardens o f the rich and famous.

1. Which o f the following questions does the passage mainly answer?

A. What is the difference between an Old World and a New World plant?

B. Why are tulips grown in many different parts of the world?

C. How did tulips become popular in North America?

D. Where were the first Dutch colonies in North America located?

2. The word "integral" in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to.

A. interesting B. fundamental C. ornamental D. overlooked 3. The passage mentions that tulips were first found in which o f the following regions?

A. Central Asia B. Western Europe C. India D. North America 4. The word "flourished" in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to A. were discovered B. were marketed C. combined D. thrived 5. The author mentions tulip growing in New Netherland. Pennsylvania, and Michigan in order to illustrate how.

A. imported tulips were considered more valuable than locally grown tulips B. tulips were commonly passed as gifts from one family to another C. tulips grew progressively more popular in North America D. attitudes toward tulips varied from one location to another 6. The word "grum bled" in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to A. denied B. warned C. complained D. explained 7. The passage mentions that one reason English and Dutch settlers planted tulips in their gardens was that tulips A. were easy to grow B. had become readily available C. made them appear fashionable D. reminded them o f home 8. The word "they" in paragraph 3 refers to A. tulips B. plains C. immigrants D. plants 9. According to the passage, which o f the following changes occurred in English gardens during the European settlement o f North America?

A. They grew in size in order to provide enough plants to export to the N ew World.

B. They contained a wider variety o f tulips than ever before.

C. They contained many new types o f North American plants.

D. They decreased in size on the estates o f wealthy people.

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10. The passage mentions which o f the following as a problem associated with the importation o f tulips into North America?

A. They were no longer fashionable by the time they arrived.

B. They often failed to survive the journey.

C. Orders often took six months or longer to fill.

D. Settlers knew little about how to cultivate them.

V. G UIDED CLOZE TEST (lOpts) Read the following passage and decide which option A,B> C or D best fits each space.

PASSAGE 1: OWING A PET The joys and tribulations of being a pet owner! During our lifetime most o f us have some experience o f either owning a pet or being in (1)________contact with someone who does. Is there such a thing as “the ideal pet”? If so, what characterises the ideal pet? Various (2)________ influence one’s choice of pet, from your reasons for getting a pet to your lifestyle. For example, although quite a few pets are relatively cheap to buy, the cost of (3)______ can be considerable.

Everything must be (4)_______ into account, from food and bedding, to vaccinations and veterinary bills. You must be prepared to (5)________time on your pet, which involves shopping for it, cleaning and feeding it. Pets can be demanding and a big responsibility. Are you prepared to exercise and (6)______ an animal or do you prefer a more independent pet? How much spare room do you have? Is it right to lock an energetic animal into a (7)______ space? Do you live near a busy road which may threaten the life o f your pet? Pats (8)________as turtles and goldfish can be cheap and convenient, but if you prefer affectionate pets, a friendly cat or dog would be more (9)______ . People get pets for a number o f reasons, for company, security or to teach responsibility to children.

Pets can be affectionate and loyal and an excellent source o f company as long as you know what pet (10) you and your lifestyle.

1. A. near B. close D. tight C. narrow 2. A. facets D. points B. elements C. factors 3 . A. upkeep B. maintenance C. upbringing D. raising 4. A. considering B. held D. kept C. taken 5. A. take B. waste C .occupy D .spend 6. A. household D. housework B. housetrain C. housekeep D. closed 7. A. confined B. detained C. reduced D .such B. for C. much 8. A. so 9. A. suited B. appropriate C. likely D. good D. goes with 10. A. fits B. matches C. suits PASSAGE 2: In the US, industries that generate hazardous wastes want to dispose o f them as cheaply as possible. Private companies hired to dispose o f this waste compete 83

with each other to offer the lowest prices to these industries. The government does not get involved, beyond setting minimum safety standards.

Unfortunately, the (1)______ o f companies that generate and dispose o f waste is to save money, (2)________to guarantee safety. These companies usually send waste to landfills because this is cheaper than recycling or incineration. Disposal firms who want to increase their business must cut corners to lower costs and (3)______ customers. At the same time, relatively (4)______ is done to reduce the volume of waste generated, because disposal costs (5)______ relatively modest.

Things are different in Denmark. There the government (6)________ in the waste disposal process beginning (7)________ the front end. Together with industry, the government formed a corporation to establish and (8)________ waste disposal facilities. This company, called Kommunichem, has a (9)________ on waste disposal. Generators of hazardous waste (10)______ ship their waste to one o f Kommunichem's disposal facilities. In this system, there is no price competition in the waste disposal business.

D. goal 1. A. solution B. license C. importance D. something 2. A. not B. just C. besides D. prosper C. gain B. efficient 3. A. survive C. recycling D. little 4. A. more B. this D .cheap 5. A. still B. have C. remain D. control 6. A. interferes B. participates C. involved B. by D. at 7. A. to C. of D. generate C. prepare 8. A. operate B. found D. responsibility 9. A. power B. profit C. monopoly C. take D. must 10. A. help B. disposal

I. OPEN CLOZE TEST: Fill each blank with ONE word.(20pts) CLOZE TEST 1: A NEW CURE FOR A SLEEPING DISORDER People are becoming increasingly aware o f a medical condition known as narcolepsy, which causes sufferers to fall asleep anywhere at any time o f day. It is not just ( 1 ) ______ own safety (2)_______ is at risk. One man, who worked as a builder, fell asleep at the top o f a ladder and could easily have fallen and killed both (3)______ and anyone passing by.

For years, (4)______ had any idea what caused narcolepsy, and nearly all sufferers were given drugs which had serious side effects. Recently, however, researchers at Stanford University and the University o f Texas have come to the conclusion that the problem is (5)________ to an insufficient quantity o f a chemical called orexin in the brain. (6)______ this discovery has led to is the development o f a new drug which appears to have (7)________side effects at all.

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Neither group o f researchers has been slow to realise the potential of (8)________a drug. Not only would it help narcolepties, but it could be used to help certain groups o f workers, (9)_______ surgeons and soldiers, to stay awake.

The very latest trials, carried out on a group o f young volunteers, have even shown that, (10)________addition, the drug can improve many other aspects of mental functioning, including memory.

CLOZE TEST 2: THE CULT OF CELEBRITY Once, children had ambitions to be doctors, explorers, sportsmen, artists or scientists. Now, taking their lead from TV. they just “want to be famous”. Fame is no (1)______ a reward for gallant service o f great, perhaps even selfless endeavour. It is an end in (2)______ , and the sooner it can be achieved, the sooner the lonely badroom mirror can be replaced by the TV camera and flash gun, the (3)____ . Celebrity is the profession (4)____ the moment, a vainglorious vocation which, like some 18lh-century royal court, seems to exist largely so that the rest o f us might watch and be amazed (5)______ its members live out their lives in public, like self-regarding members o f some glittering soap opera.

Today, almost (6)___ can be famous. Never has fame been more democratic. more ordinary, more achievable. (7)______ wonder it’s a modern ambition. It's easy to see why people crave celebrity, why generations reared on the instant fame offered by television want to step out o f the limousine (8)________ the flashlights bouncing around them. Who doesn't want to be the centre o f attention at some time in their lives?

Modern celebrity, peopled by (9)______ largely vain and vacuous, fills a need in our lives. It peoples talks shows, sells goods and newspapers and rewards the famous for - well, (10)______ famous.

II. W O R D F O R M S (20 pts) PART 1: Complete the sentence with the correct form of the given word. (10 pts) 1. The stray dog spent his days following tourists hoping to J ^ c £ ^ j o n e of them.

FRIEND

,- L a W

2. Low income and little administrative support make teachers with their profession. H E A R T _ 3. The best way to solve this dispute is to find a neutral, ' third party and 4.

5.

6.

7.

fol low his or her s u g g e s t m ^ N J E R E S T ^ t u i * cgJ I’T You have been :>y' ' I mportant to the success o f this company. 1 don't know what I would have done without you. M EA SJJR E r ' d'f'h His performance in the match today fyllfyjis reputation as a great player. L IE His behaviour in his father's presence caused his _____ andjiis sister ended up inheriting the whole family fortune. IN H E R IT 1 'yvV^ZJX The rocks appear to be stationary but in the high winds that whip across this desert landscape, they are in reality moving . P E R C E IV E

8. Are you sure the________is working properly on this truck? It must have done more than twenty thousand. M IL E 9. After the cup final, the V ) V l j ) ^ ahrbussed back to the hotel parading the cup as they went. T R IU M P H 10. Our local newspaper is often full o f stories that are hardlu^ , but they need to fill the pages somehow. NEW S il PART 2: Com plete the passage with appropriate forms from the words given in the box. (10 pts) RING OBSERVE

DETECTION INSPIRE

FRONT COMPASS

POLAR CALL

TELL BOGGLE

Astronomers have a reputation for bringing us (1)________discoveries: new planets, exploding stars, galaxies on the edge of the known Universe. But now they are on the trail o f most (2)______ finding o f all: evidence for a whole new universe beyond your own.

For millennia, philosophers have insisted that everything we see is part o f the (3)________totality called the Universe. Since the discovery o f cosmic expansion around a century ago, astronomers believed there must be a final (4)________, an ultimate barrier beyond which objects were receding so fast their light would simply never reach us. According to the latest theories o f the forces that rule the cosmos, what has been regarded as the Universe may in fact just be one o f an infinite number making up something far grander: the true universe - or Multiverse.

The theories state that our Universe is just one of the "bubble universes" constantly budding off one another, and inflating after their own Big Bang. Each bubble universe could be radically different from our own with its own set of fundamental forces and types of sub-atomic particles. Even so, they may be able to affect our Universe, with (5)_______ consequences. Theory predicts that if our Universe is stuck by one o f its cosmic neighbor, the energy o f the impact would leave a faint (6)________pattern in the Cosmic Microwave Background.

The obiting space (7)________Planck maps the intensity and (8)________ o f the CMB rediation left over from the Big Bang, looking for (9)________signs o f a collisionbetween our Universe and others. Theorists speculate that different bubble universes may be also connected by (10)_____ ‘‘space-time wormholes”.

III. ERRO R IDENTIFICATIO N (10 pts) Identify 10 errors in the following passage and correct them.

Stretched for several thousand kilometres from the east coast o f the country to GobiDesert, the Great Wall o f China is said to be the only man-made structure visibly from outer space. The oldest section was begun in 221 BC, using soldier 86

and local people, as well as intellectuals who had been sentenced to forced labour on the repressive Qin dynasty. No surprisingly, the layers o f compacted earth used to construct the wall soon began crumble, and it was left to the later Han dynasty to restore and add to it.

By now the wall had evolved from a mere defence system for keeping out marauding tribes into a safe haven which trade could flourish, and bustling market towns sprang up at the many busy gates. Although the ornate and imposing structure with which we are familiar from photographs was not added until the fourteenth century by Ming, using advanced brick-building technology.

It was he who joins the three separate walls to create this truly impressive feat of construction.

IV.

SENTENCE TRANSFO RM ATION

Rewrite the sentences with the given words or beginning in such a way that their meanings remain unchanged. (20 pts) 1.It's possible that the last person to leave^idn't lock the/Jopi;.

7

;

The last person....^ ,.........

2. The response to our appeal was so great that we had to take on more staff. < .

- / 11 _ Such.

3. I will only be satisfied if the njanager apologises fully.

Nothing s h o r t ... °

.

V

/ /

4. It is essential that you tell us everything.

.

.

It is o f the .... \ 5. Her arrival was completely unexpected.

*

r

She took i t ...

r

,

v/

......................................................

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6. It's much easier than everyone makes out. NOTHING .................

— ----------v 7. This should be retuned to the sender of this letter as soon as possible.

UN DERSIG NED -

Please ...

*

. **

' _

C

. ............

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r ik. _

8. The police need to establish the vehicle’s precise speed at the moment of impact. FAST

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............... -......... t ...................... i — w 9. Any correspondence from the Canberra office must be dealt with before cft'fifer'f matters. PRIORITY 10. Don’t panic about something so trivial, M Q U N T A IN

87

,

TRƯỞNG THPT CHUYÊN LÉ QUÝ ĐÔN - NINH THUẬN 0 . MULTIPLE CHOICE (40 PTS I. PH ONOLOG Y ( 5 PTS) Choose the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from the others.

1. A. confusedly B. allegedly C. supposedly D. wickedly 2. A. houses B. horses C. sources D.louses 3. A. coverage B .rouge C. gauge D. beverage 4 . A. gauge B. laurel C.nauseous D. caustically 5. A. machismo B. chivalrous C. chaffinch D. chandelier Choose the word which is stressed differently from the other three.

6. A. abdominal B. comparable C. reshuffle D. administrative 7. A. advantageous B. magisterial C. simultaneous D. entrepreneur 8. A. guarantee B. dungarees C. existential D. subsidiary 9. A. muscular B. reference C. disappearance D. testimony 10. A. predator B. flamingo C. environment D. gazelle II. W ORD CHOICE (5PTS) Choose the best options to complete the following sentences.

1. My fath e r__________ when he found out that I'd damaged the car.

A. hit the roof B. saw pink elephants C. made my blood boil D. brought the house down 2. The entire staff was thrown o f f _____ when the news o f the takeover was announced.

A. composure B. stable C. disarray D. balance 3. The BBC has _ a young composer to write a piece o f music for the Corporation's centenary.

A. ordered B. consulted C. commissioned D. decided 4. I caught the last bus by the skin o f m y _______ .

A. mouth B. leg C. neck D. teeth 5. I t ______ me as strange that my front door was open when I got home.

A. seemed B. occurred C. appeared D. struck 6. W idespread_____ ______about women's intellectual ability restricted their job opportunities.

A. suspicion B. challenge C. doubt D. rumour him with a new challenge 7. His change o f job h a s _________ ©v in life.

A. introduced B. initiated C. presented D. led 8. Could 1 pick y o u r ________on the subject before the meeting?

C. head D. intellect B. mind A. brains 88

9. In t h e ____ of security, personnel must wear their identity badges at all times.

A. requirement B. interests C. demands D. assistance 10. Although the new library service has been very successful, its future is ce rta in.

A. at any rate B. by no means C. by all means D. by any chance III. G RAM M AR AND STRUCTURES (5PTS) Choose the best options to complete the following sentences.

1. After a number o f incidents with the police we decided to close down the club altogether. But now I think that maybe w e ___________ it open.

A. ought to keep B. should have kept C. must have kept D. should rather keep 2. Since the Green C o ntest_____ before the end o f the school year. I was against extending the deadline.

A. must have been judged B. would have been judge C. has been judged D. had to be judged 3. ______ global solidarity, the world would not be better prepared for the influenza H IN 1 pandemic.

A. On account o f B. Thanks to C. If not D. But for 4. The draw took place yesterday, but the competition w in n e rs__________ .

A. are yet to be announced B. haven’t been yet announced C. yet are to be announced D. haven't announced yet 5. “ I am totally broke. Have you got any money on you?" - “_________at all."

A. None B. Not C. Nothing D. No 6. If these measures also reduce unemployment, that i s _______________________ .

A. not any good B. all to the good C. for good and all D. up to no good 7. He gripped his brother's arm lest h e ______ by the mob.

A. would be trampled B. could be trampled C. were trampled D. be trampled 8. W hat’s all this c ry in g ______________ ?

A. without the aid o f B. with the aid of C. in aid o f D. within the aid o f 9 . ________half a chance. I'd be there in a flash!

A. Giving B. Given C. Being given D. To be given 10. The film i s ______ released at the end o f next year.

A. on the verge o f being B. due to be C. about to be D. on the point o f being IV. PREPO SITIO NS AND PHRASAL VERBS (5PTS) Choose the best options to complete the following sentences.

1. It'll cost a lot - well, take a lot o f time, but it a m ounts_______ the same thing.

A. towards B. on C. o f D. to 89

2. You can’t change your mind now. It’s too late t o _________the deal.

A. back up B. back down C. back out o f D. back onto 3. As for now, foreigners _____ up only a small proportion o f the student community in our college.

A. hold B. fill C. take D. make 4. Being the world champions they weren’t going t o ________for a draw with a team from the Third Division.

A. fall B. settle C. let D. call 5. Our daughter has decided to get her nose pierced, there’s no way we can talk h e r ______ it.

A. out o f B. into C. about D. of 6. That style looks so old-fashioned, I don’t think clothes like that will ever catch A. out B. up C. on D. over 7. Having decided to rent a flat, w e ______ contacting all the accommodation agencies in the city.

A. set to B. set off C. set out D. set about 8. His jokes seem t o _________very well with his audience, if their laughter was any indication.

A. go off B. go down C. go along D. go by 9. The new regime determined t o _________compulsory military service.

A. stop off B. end up C. phase out D. break off 10. In the novel, Hadji Murat is an important figure among the Chechens, but he the main leader Sheik Shamil following an argument.

A. sets apart from B. cuts back on C. keeps out o f D. falls out with V. G U ID E D C L O Z E T E S T 1 (5PTS) Read the text below and decide which answ er bets fits each space.

NO ORDINARY NOVELIST London features so ( 0 ) _________ in the work of the English novelist Charles Dickens (1812 - 1870) that people often assume that he was born and bred there.

In fact, the writer’s father worked for the navy and the family moved around a great deal. Dickens was nevertheless familiar with London and many of the things he saw there were later ( 1 ) ______ into his books. For example, he observed the rich ( 2 ) _________ beggars on the streets, and saw cramped streets existing in stark contrast to vast open spaces. When his father was ( 3 ) _________ in a debtor's prison after a lifetime o f living beyond his means, the young Charles had no ( 4 ) _________but to leave school and work in a shoe factory.

There he earned just a few pennies a week with which to (5) _________ his family, now without a breadwinner. This was an experience which made a (6) _________ impression on the young Dickens, perhaps explaining his later 90

pre-occupation with lost or orphaned children in his novels. After a ( 7 ) ________ in the legal profession, Dickens became a reporter and popular writer. His first published ( 8 ) ______ as a book called Sketches by Boz, which (9)______ in 1836.

This collection o f London scenes was soon followed by a novel entitled Pickwick Papers. Like most o f his novels, this first came out in the ( 1 0 ) ________ of a serial in a monthly magazine. The reading public would follow the lives of the characters in each installment in much the same way that people watch television soap operas today.

0. A. principally C. profusely D. profoundly B. prominently 1. A. incorporated B. absorbed C. merged D. integrated 2. A. go over' B. get by C. run over D. pass by 3. A. detained B. retained C. maintained D. sustained 4. A. choice B.chance C. idea D. time 5. A. carry B. manage C. bear D. support 6. A. longing B. durable C. heavy D. lasting 7. A. spell B.turn C. shift D. try 8. A. effort B. work C. craft D. attempt 9. A. appeared B. opened C. entered D. arrived 10. A. manner B. mode C. form D. order VI. GUIDED CLOZE TEST 2 (5PTS) Read the text below and decide which answer bets fits each space.

For many people doing physical exercise may ( 1 ) _____ a painful torturing o f the body. Therefore, there's usually something we come up with that is of bigger importance than putting one's muscles through their paces. Unless we are forced to go in for a physical training, we are (2) ________ to treat it as something o f a lower ( 3 ) _______ than staying in front o f the TV set, spending time in a pub ( 4 ) _______alcoholic beverages or consuming excessive quantities o f fattening confectionery in a cafe. We need to be considerably motivated to take up a body workout and build our physical fitness. What usually ( 5 ) ________ individuals from ( 6 ) ____ themselves to strenuous exercise is the fear o f fatigue, discomfort or even the ( 7 ) _____ of being outdone by true fitness zealots.

However, getting fit is fully a matter o f common sense. Different forms of exercise may be o f great ( 8 ) _________to the human body increasing its strength, flexibility and endurance. When supported by a nutritious diet, much better performance of the heart and the lungs improves the blood circulation making an individual more resistant to stressful situations as well as more (9) ________to infections and diseases.

In the first place, self-discipline that is requisite for proceeding with such physical effort ought to be attained to ensure that the intention o f becoming healthier and more vigorous isn't ( 1 0 ) ___________ by any trivial impediments.

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1. A. incorporate 2. A. tended 3. A. superiority 4. A. smacking 5. A. repels 6. A. committing 7. A. hindrances 8. A. liking 9. A. irresistible 10. A. persecuted

B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B.

entail implied privilege sipping denies absorbing impairments benefit preventative tormented

C. C. C. C. C. C. C. C. C. C.

administer affirmed advantage seething opposes involving preventions appreciation immune harassed

D. correspond D. inclined D. priority D. sniffing D. rejects D. engrossing D. inhibitions D. gain D. wary D.suppressed

VII. READING PASSAGE 1 (5PTS) Read the text below and choose the best answer to each question.

MUSICAL TALENT Among all the abilities with which an individual may be endowed, musical talent appears earliest in life. Very young children can exhibit musical precocity for different reasons. Some develop exceptional skill as a result o f a welldesigned instructional regime, such as tile Suzuki method for the violin. Some have the good fortune to be born into a musical family in a household filled with music. In a number o f interesting cases, musical talent is part o f an otherwise disabling condition such as autism or mental retardation. A m usically gifted child has an inborn talent; however, the extent to which the talent is expressed publicly will depend upon the environm ent in which the child lives.

Musically gifted children master at an early age the principal elements of music, including pitch and rhythm. Pitch- 01* melody- is more central in certain cultures, for example, in Eastern societies that make use o f tiny quarter-tone intervals. Rhythm, sounds produced at certain auditory frequencies and grouped according to a prescribed system, is emphasized in sub-Saharan Africa, where the rhythmic ratios can be very complex.

All children have some aptitude for making music. During infancy, normal children sing as well as babble, and they can produce individual sounds and sound patterns. Infants as young as two months can match their mother's songs in pitch, loudness, and melodic shape, and infants, at four months can match rhythmic structure as well. Infants are especially predisposed to acquire these core aspects o f music, and they can also engage in sound play that clearly exhibits creativity.

Individual differences begin to emerge in young children as they learn to sing.

Some children can match large segments o f a song by the age o f two or three.

Many others can only approximate pitch at this age and may still have difficulty in producing accurate melodies by the age o f five or six. However, by the time 92

they reach school age. most children in any culture have a schema o f what a song should be like and can produce a reasonably accurate imitation o f the songs commonly beard in their environment.

The early appearance of superior musical ability in some children provides evidence that musical talent may be a separate and unique form o f intelligence.

There are numerous tales o f young artists who have a remarkable "ear" or extraordinary memory for music and a natural understanding o f musical structure. In many o f these cases.the child is average in every other way but displays an exceptional ability in music. Even the most gifted child, however, takes about ten years to achieve the levels o f performance or composition that would constitute mastery o f the musical sphere.

Every generation in music history has had its famous prodigies-individuals with exceptional musical powers that emerge at a young age. In the eighteenth century. Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart began composing and performing at the age o f six. As a child, Mozart could play the piano like an adult. He had perfect pitch, and at age nine he was also a master o f the art o f modulation - transitions from one key to another - which became one o f the hallmarks o f his style. By the age o f eleven, he had composed three symphonies and 30 other major works.

Mozart's well-developed talent was preserved into adulthood.

Unusual musical ability is a regular characteristic o f certain anomalies such as autism. In one case, an autistic girl was able to play "Happy Birthday" in the style o f various composers, including Mozart, Beethoven, Verdi and Schubert.

When the girl was three, her mother called her by playing incomplete melodies, which the child would complete with the appropriate tone in the proper octave.For the autistic child.music may be the primary mode o f communication, and the child may cling to music because it represents a haven in a world that is largely confusing and frightening, 1. The word “precocity ” in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to.

A. strong interest B. good luck C. advanced skill D. personal style 2. Which sentence below best expresses the essential information in the bolded sentence in paragraph 1? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.

A. Children may be born with superior musical ability, but their environment will d e t e r m i n e h o w thi s a bi l i t y is d e v e l o p e d .

B. Every child is naturally gifted, and it is the responsibility o f the public schools to recognize and develop these talents.

C. Children with exceptional musical talent will look for the best way to express themselves through music-making.

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D. Some musically talented children live in an environment surrounded by music, while others have little exposure to music.

3. The author makes the point that musical elements such as pitch and rhythm.

A. distinguish music from other art forms B. vary in emphasis in different cultures C. make music difficult to learn D. express different human emotions 4. The word “predisposed” in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to.

A. inclined B. gifted C. pushed D. amused 5. According to the passage, when does musical talent usually begin to appear?

A. When infants start to babble and produce sound patterns B. Between the ages o f two and four months C. When children learn to sing at two or three years old D. Between ten years old and adolescence 6. According to the passage, which o f the following suggests that musical talent is a separate form o f intelligence?

A. Exceptional musical ability in an otherwise average child B. Recognition o f the emotional power of music C. The ability o f all babies to acquire core elements o f music D. Differences between learning music and learning language 7. Why does the author discuss Mozart in paragraph 6?

A. To compare past and present views of musical talent B. To give an example o f a well-known musical prodigy C. To list musical accomplishments o f the eighteenth century D. To describe the development o f individual musical skill 8. All o f the following are given as examples o f exceptional musical talent EXCEPT. A. a remarkable “ear” or perfect memory for music B. ability to compose major works at a young age C. appreciation for a wide variety o f musical styles D. playing a single song in the style o f various components 9. The word “haven” in paragraph 7 is closest in meaning to.

A. beautiful art B. safe place C. personal goal D. simple problem 10. Which o f the following can be inferred from the passage about exceptional musical ability?

A. It occurs more frequently in some cultures than in others.

B. It is evidence o f a superior level o f intelligence in other areas.

C. It has been documented and studied but is little understood.

D. It is the result o f natural talent and a supportive environment.

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VIII. READING PASSAG E 2 (5PTS) Read the text below and choose the best answer to each question.

10 AND TITAN A satellite o f the largest planet in the Solar System, Io is one o f the four largest moons known as the "Galilean moons" o f Jupiter and orbits closest to the planet. Not much was known about Iountil 1979 when the United States conducted Voyager exploratory missions. The missions discovered that the moon had no impact craters, which scientists considered unusual because they had expected the opposite. Io possesses the characteristics o f a fairly young moon, however, with a molten iron core and more than 400 active volcanoes.

Thus, any collisions with objects from outer space would not manifest themselves through craters and other blemishes, as lo's exterior is being paved again and again by lava flows. Io's silicate surface is very colorful, mostly shades o f orange, because of the presence o f sulphur and its compounds. Io's atmosphere is very thin and consists mostly o f sulphur dioxide. lo's discovery by Galileo Galilei in 1610 played an enormous part in scientific development in the 17th and 18th centuries. Io and its companion moons gave scientists a reason to adopt the Copernican system over the Ptolemaic system, which insists that the Earth was at the center o f the Solar System. Galileo observed that the moons never left the vicinity o f Jupiter, which proved that not everything revolved around the Earth.

Titan is the largest o f Saturn’s 57 moons. [7A]Unlike Io. Titan orbits Saturn in the outermost part, but sometimes skirts in and out. [^ D is c o v e re d by the Dutch astronomer Christiaan Huygens in 1655, Titan's atmosphere is dense, which makes it difficult to study Titan even with telescopes. |7C] The Cassini-Huygens mission in 2005 determined that Titan has liquid hydrocarbon lakes near the North Pole. |7D|The surface o f Titan shows large regions o f dark terrain, which are actually extensive plains covered with sand dunesformed by the strong winds o f the satellite. The exploratory mission also discovered that Titan has a fully developed atmosphere unlike the other satellites o f Jupiter and Saturn.

Titan's air is predominantly made up o f nitrogen along with other hydrocarbon elements, which are the basis o f building amino acids necessary for the formation o f life. Titan's atmosphere may be similar to that o f the early Earth.

On that account, if life were able to develop on Titan, It would give model for the evolution o f life on the Earth.

1. What is the main idea o f the passage?

A. Io and Titan are the most unusual satellites in the Solar System.

B. Scientists do not know very much about the moons o f Jupiter and Saturn.

C. The moons o f Jupiter and Saturn resemble their parent planets.

D. Io and Titan are two dissimilar satellites of the Solar System’s biggest planets.

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2. The phrase “the opposite” in the passage refers to.

A. the missions failed to find lo.

B. scientists thought that Io was an old moon.

C. lo had impact craters.

D. lo does not orbit the Jupiter.

3. The word “ exterior” in the passage is closest in meaning to.

A. surface B. land C. element D. shade 4. According to the passage, the discovery o f Io was significant because.

A. it showed that satellites other than the Earth’s moon existed.

B. it disproved the accuracy o f the Ptolemaic system.

C. it proved that some moons have volcanoes.

D. it indicated that Jupiter had more than four moons.

5. Which o f the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage?

A. The discovery o f Io was a significant occurrence in the 17th century for the scientific world.

B. Science continued to develop with the discovery o f lo in 1610.

C. In the 17th and 18th centuries, the biggest development in science was Galileo's discovery o f lo.

D. Galileo Galilei discovered lo in 1610, and this discovery had a big impact on the growth o f science in the 17th and 18th centuries.

6. According to paragraph 3, what was NOT learned about Titan during CassiniHuygens mission?

A. The moon has hydrocarbon lakes.

B. Titan has sand dunes covering vast plains.

C. The atmosphere o f Titan is similar to Io's.

D. Titan has shiny clouds over its South Pole.

7. Look at the four squares □ that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage.

It is even larger than the planet Mercury in diameter and is about one-third larger than Io. Where would the sentence best fit?

8. The author mentions Titan’s hydrocarbon elements in order to.

A. explain the colors on Titan’s surface.

B. demonstrate how dense Titan's atmosphere is C. show that Titan resembles the Earth’s moon D. provide evidence that Titan is like the early Earth 9. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage about the study o f Titan?

A. Scientists had not learned much about Titan prior to the Cassini-Huygens mission.

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B. It is impossible to conduct because of the gases on the m oon’s surface.

C. Its most interesting discoveries were made by Christiaan Huygens.

D. The mission sent to study Titan did not gather much information.

10. Directions: Select the appropriate phrases from the answer choices and match them to the moon to which they relate. TWO o f the answer choices will N O T be used.

Io

Titan

-

-

Answer choices A. Was not discovered until 2005 B. Is Jupiter's innermost satellite C. Has not apparent impact from celestial objects D. Orbits the planet Saturn E. Has sweeping plains and lakes near the North Pole F. Displays bright range colors from the sulphur in its atmosphere G. Was discovered by Galileo Galilei H. Has similar atmosphere to the early Earth's I. Has more volcanoes than the Earth

B. WRITTEN TEST (70 PTS I. OPEN CLOZE TEST 1 (10PTS) Read the text below and think of the word which best fits each space. Use only ONE W ORD for each space.

Although many people who have sleeping ( 1 ) ____________ , either chronic or occasional, automatically reach for the sleeping tablets when they see a difficult night ( 2 ) ___________ of them, there are a number o f so-called “folk” remedies which are not only cheaper but also much safer in the long ( 3 ) ________. Most people who have tried ( 4 ) _________a hot drink such as milk or one o f a number o f herbal infusions before going to bed, but there are other, less well-known methods, which can help you on your way to a restful night’s sleep. One unusual but effective technique (5) __________ , not warmth as you might expect, but cold. Before going to bed, run very cold water for several minutes over your forearms and legs from the knee down, then dry yourself quickly and hop into bed. You will find yourself feeling totally relaxed and drowsy. Another unusual ( 6 ) ________has to do with eating or, to be more ( 7 ) ___________, chewing. Take a large apple, wash it and eat it slowly, taking particular care to chew the peel thoroughly. Chewing is not only relaxing in ( 8 ) ________, but the peel o f the 97

apple ( 9 ) ___________ a natural substance which ( 1 0 ) ______________ relaxation.

Meditation, stretching, walking and even counting sheep are also effective methods for many people. Clearly, there are many ways to avoid the pillpopping route and still have a good night’s sleep.

II. O P E N C L O Z E T E S T 2 (10PTS) Read the text below and th in k of the w ord which best fits each space. Use only O N E W O R D for each space.

GARBOLOGY To most people, landfill sites are simply holes in the ground where waste ( 1 ) _____ is buried. To garbologists, however, they provide a valuable source of information about a population’s activités in areas such as food consumption and waste disposal. Garbology is a branch o f ethnography, a science which abandons traditional methods o f ( 2 ) ______________ market research information, such as questionnaires and focus groups, in favour o f ( 3 ) _____ observation o f people and their habits.

The world’s leading garbologist, Professor William Rathje, is also an archaeologist. Archaeologists study past cultures by examining the ( 4 ) _____ of objects and buildings, but the basic principles o f archaeology can also be applied to the discarded rubbish o f present-day civilizations in order to ( 5 ) _____ a better understanding o f how people behave now. As founder and director o f the Garbage Project at the University o f Arizona. Professor Rathje has ( 6 ) _____ over 30 years o f his life to the archaeological study o f modern refuse.

His work is o f ( 7 ) _____ interest to commerce; companies need to understand the lives o f their consumers in order to create brands which will be o f most ( 8 ) _____ to them. Rathje’s ( 9 ) _______ can help them achieve this. In addition, his analysis o f the composition o f landfill sites reveals a greater need not only to recycle more rubbish, but also to ( 10)_____ down on the amount o f rubbish we produce in the first place.

II. W O R D F O R M A T IO N (20PTS) PART 1: C om plete each sentence, using the co rre c t form o f the w ord in parentheses (lOpts) 1. When someone starts a new job, he may feel rather ............................. at the beginning. (ORIENTATION) 2. The mother o f the child hurried ........................to her neighborhood drugstore.

(BREATH) 3. The s li g h t ............................ in his left hand was corrected by surgery. (FORM) 4. His rudeness is considered to b e .............................. (EXCUSE) 5. It is strongly advised that we drink something ............................ when driving.

(ALCOHOL) 98

6. The meeting has been ............................ arranged for 3pm next Friday.

(PROVIDE) 7. The governm ent is considering .............................. up the law on censorship.

(TO U G H ) 8. An oasis Beach Resort is one o f Vietnam's best resorts, with a traditional and h o m e ly ................................... (AMBIENT) 9. Vietnam has deserved ........................as a safe country, with little or no crime, and no religious or cultural troubles. (REPUTE) 10. Vietnam exhibits a unique culture, embracing ................................ While maintaining its past. (MODERN) PART II: Give the correct form of the capitalized word. (10 pts) A NEUTRAL COUNTRY Switzerland is the recipient of a fair share of stereotype images such as (1).................. R E S IS T chocolates, kitsch cuckoo clocks, the practice of yodelling and (2) .................. H U M O U R , serious bankers. Visitors will find a flavour o f Germany, France and Italy, but always ( 3 ) ...................... P R E G N A N T with an intangible essence that is uniquely Swiss. The Swiss have carefully guarded their lack of involvement in the 20th century. Their only (4) ...............

P A R T IC IP A T E in WW 1 lay in the organising of Red Cross units. Switzerland joined the league of Nations after peace was won, under the proviso that its inclusion would be financial and economic rather than entailing any possible military sanctions. Despite the country's long standing (5) ..............N E U T R A L , Switzerland maintains a 400.000 strong civilian army. Every able-bodied male ( 6 ) ................ G O national service. In addition, a whole infrastructure is in place to repel any (7) ................... IN VA SION including the planned destruction of key roads and bridges. It is a sobering thought to realise that those apparently undisturbed mountains and lakes hide a network o f military (8) .........................

IN STA LL. The Swiss are generally a law-abiding nation, valuing established forms o f demonstrating respect and courtesy to others. Formal titles are always used and it is (9) ..................... C U S T O M to greet shopkeepers when entering their shops. Citizens further engender respect, by (10) .................. D IL IG E N T recycling waste as part o f an overall policy to protect the environment.

III. E R R O R C O R R E C T I O N (10PTS) There are ten m istakes in the following passage. Find and correct them. The first one has been done as an example.

Example: On Line 1

Over

On the past few years, computer technology has started to change many aspects of our lives. One of these is our approaching to teaching and learning. Many people believe that the Internet will greatly enhance student’s lives but in my opinion, the costs will outweigh the benefactors.

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5

10

One future affect o f the Internet on academic study is that the level o f lecturer/student contact that we are used to may be reduced. This might happen simple because students do not need to spend so much time on the university campus. The alike may be true o f lecturers. II they are capable to put their lectures on the Internet, they may choose to do this from home when so be less available for consultation. In my view this would be a great advantage. In my home country, tutors usually stress the importance o f regular, informal meetings and students' work could suffer if efforts are not done to maintain these.

IV. SENTENCE TRANSFO RM ATION (20 pts) Finish each o f the following sentences in such a way that it means the same as the original sentence. If a key word is given, use the key word without changing it.

1. In order to make a profit the new leisure centre needs ¿it least 2.000 visitors a month.

No f e w e r ..7 ......

2. John took my place while I was at the dentist’s.

John s t o o d ......................................................................................................................

3. I don’t think Patrick has ever been camping.

To t h e ............................................................................................................................

4. Philip's inability to make decisions dates from his accident.

E v e r ............................................................................................................................

5. Something must be done to solve this problem.

U r g e n t..............................................................................................................................

6. It is a foregone conclusion that Mark will get the job. SAYING I t ........................................................................................................................the job.

7. Being her only niece, Ann is very precious to her. APPLE Being her only n ie c e ,............................................................................................ eye.

8. Most people know that becoming an actor is difficult. CO M M ON I t ................................................................................................................... is difficult.

9. In my opinion, computers are more trouble than they’re worth. INDRANCE In my opinion, c o m p u te rs .................................................................................help.

10. Fiona said she was against the proposal. EXPRESSED F i o n a .......................................................................................................the proposal.

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TRƯỞNG THPT CHUYÊN BẢO LỘC - LÂM ĐỐNG . MULTIPLE CHOICE (40PTS I. PH ONOLOGY (5PTS) Choose the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from the other three.

1. A. cholera B. choirmaster C. charitable D. chlorophyll 2. A. ragged B. closed C. wretched D. learned 3. A. draught B. drought C .sough D. laughter 4. A. notorious B. postulate C. potash D. obligation 5. A. heather B. leather C. teethe D. hearth Choose the word whose stress pattern is different form that of the other three.

6. A. aqueduct C.coconut D. attractive B. cognizance 7. A. execrable B. empirical C. equestrian D. exaggerate 8. A. microphone B. platinum C. transcendent D. scurrilous D. introductory 9. A. transatlantic B. regenerate C. mathematics 10. A. aborigines B. preparatory C. perimeter D. interpreter II. W ORD CH O ICE (5PTS) Choose the best options to com plete the following sentences 1 I . The news o f his death was like a bolt___ .

A. from the black B. from the white C. from the red D. from the blue 12. She takes her exams next week, so she's burning___________.

A. the midnight oil B. the candle at both ends C. her fingers D. her boats 13. After Peter was released from prison, he decided t o ________ and become an honest man.

A. hit below the belt B. turn over a new leaf C. break the ice D. hit the nail on the head 14. We went out for a meal t o ______ our friendship.

A. cement B. draw C. stick D. tie 15. Jack turned the last corner a n d __ for the finishing line.

A. approached B. arrived C. waited D. headed 16. The college organized a/ an_____ to search for the ancient ruins.

A. itinerary B. expedition C. trip D. voyage 17. Susanna tried to hit the golf-ball with h e r _____________ _______ , but missed it.

A. racket B. rod C. saddle D. club 18. Let him cool h i s __for a while: that711 teach him to be so rude.

A. hearts B. heels C. heads D. legs 19. The police a r e ____certain who the culprit is.

A. in some ways B. more or less C. here and there D. by and by 101

20. The hospital is now discounting 10 standard operations a n d _____ , ranging from having a baby and treating a cataract to undergoing a heart bypass.

A. procedures B. equipment C. visits D. medication III. G RAM M AR AND STRUCTURES (5PTS) Choose the best options to complete the following sentences 21 . _________________ members o f staff to accept gratuities from clients.

A. Little did B. Under no circumstances are C. Under no circumstances will D. Rarely have 22. The problems o f squaring a pan-European agenda with the national interests o f 25 separate countries_____ the process o f integration a slow, complex and at times divisive one.

A. causes B. have made C. often affect D. resulting in 23. T h e r e ___________ a drop in the sales of new houses since mortgages became more difficult_______________ .

A. has been/ to obtain B. have been/ to obtain C. was/ to obtain D. were/ to be obtained 24. Brenda i s ________ ideal o f ___________ job. She h a s _______ wealth o f ___ experience.

A. a / - / - / t h e B .-/th e /a /C. -/ a / a / the D. the / - / a / the 25. I t _______________ Mary you saw last night because she’s been out o f town for a week.

A. will not have been B. wasn’t to have been C. should not have been D. couldn't have been 26 . _______________me a job, I would turn it down.

A. Were they to offer B. Were they offering C. Were they offer D. They were offering 27 . _________________ as taste is really a composite sense made up o f both taste and smell.

A. That we refer to B. What we refer to C. To which we refer D. What do we refer to 28. His anger________ as Gloria Craig’s husband was such that he remained speechless for a while.

A. on addressing him B. at addressing him C. to have been addressed D. at being addressed 29. Some animals serve as models in the study o f human health because they suffer from almost _ types o f diseases _ human.

A. such —that B. e i t h e r - o r C. a s - a s D. the s a m e - a s 30 . ______________ his advice, I would never have got the job.

A. Except B. Apart from C. But for D. As for 102

IV. PH RASAL VERBS AND PREPOSITIONS (5PTS) Choose the best options to com plete the following sentences 31.1 was interested in buying a folding bike but afrie n d _______ .

A. turned me down B. put me off C. showed me round D. gave me away 32. I've just been offered a new job! Things a r e ______________ .

A. turning up B. clearing up C. making up D. looking up 33. Fiona decided not t o ________________ the exam in December.

A. take on B. go in for C. get round to D. make for 34. It’s safe to hide here. We w on’t give you_________________ .

A. out B. away C. off D. over 35. Helen had great adm iration__________ her history teacher.

A. on B. for C. with D. of 36. In contrast_______ its title, ‘A Great Read’ is actually a rather dull book.

A. to B. for C. with D. from 37. Apparently a number o f army officers were im plicated_____ the plot.

A. in B. for C. with D. at 38. Your explanation does not really account______ the disappearance o f the money.

A. in B. for C. with D. at 39. I can’t come to your birthday party, something h a s ________ .

A. done away with B. come off C. dropped off D. cropped up 40. We were late because we hadn’t ______all the traffic on the motorway.

A. got up to B. faced up to C. bargained for D. added up V. G UIDED CLOZE 1 (5PTS) Read the text below and decide which answer best fits each space FOOD FOR ASTRONAUTS It used to be thought that people could not (41)_________well in space, so the food (42)_____________for astronauts consisted o f bite-sized pieces o f food pushed out o f tubes. But now it is known that you can eat in space in the same way as on Earth.

The physical constraints lie in the body o f the spaceship rather than the body o f the astronaut. Limited storage and cooking facilities, with no space or power to (43)________ for complex food preparation, mean that the challenge for space nutritionists has gone beyond providing astronauts with food that is palatable and good for them. The solution has emerged in the (44)__________ of dehydrated foods. Simply add water to the freeze- dried granules and ...bon appetit!

With space flights often (45)_________ more than a week, astronauts cannot live on granules alone. They also take pre-cooked meals (46)___ in bags, which they warm up in a small oven. These are tastier than granules but, according to 103

Dr Helen Lane, a research nutritionist, it is difficult to get astronauts to eat as much as they need. ‘It is partly that they are so busy but also because there is no (47)_________________ to eat’. So tickling their taste buds is an (48)__ struggle, especially since one o f the effects o f zero gravity is to reduce the sense o f smell.

Weightlessness is an important consideration in space food because o f the danger that the food might (49)__________ and float off in different directions.

We need foods that coalesce,' says Dr Lane. ‘Yoghurts, puddings, sauces all (50)_________________together in large droplets. Your spoon may float away but the food will stay on it.’

C .c h e w D. digest 41. A. swallow B .suck D .agendas 42. A. diets B. routines C. programmes D. spare 43. A. provide B. give C. make D. order C. form 44. A. type B. way B. going D. lasting 45. A. enduring C. flying B. tied D. fixed 46. A. sealed C. locked D. longing 47. A. stimulation B. hunger C. provocation B intense C. uphill D. impossible 48. A. anxious 49. A. break B. fragment C. slip D. drop 50. A. maintain B. link C. keep D. hold VI. G UIDED CLOZE 2 (5PTS) Read the text below and decide which answer best fits each space THEM E HOLIDAYS IN SCOTLAND If you like to build your holiday round a theme or particular activities, there are many opportunities open to you. The Scottish Tourist Board publishes an excellent ( 5 1 ) ________ . Adventure and Special Interest Holidays in Scotland. containing ( 5 2 ) ______ o f dozens of ideas for 'different' holidays together with addresses to contact. Write for a copy to any o f their offices.

You can, for example, go on an archaeological holiday and be ( 5 3 ) ______ ___ to the many prehistoric (54)__________ on the Solway Coast and the Early Christian remains at Whithorn. For creative people, there are any number o f arts and crafts courses that offer instruction as well as (55)____________. Prices vary, depending on the quality o f teaching and accommodation. Subjects range from painting and music to wood-carving, silver-smithing and (56)_________ . Outdoor (57)______ can choose from a wide range too - from bird watching to camping, from gliding to golf.

If you've always wanted to see the west coast o f Scotland from the sea but haven't got your own boat and prefer an experienced hand at the helm, try STA Schooners. They (58)________week-long voyages in the Tall Ship Malcolm Miller, a 300-ton schooner, and part o f the experience is that you are one o f the (59)__________ - a pleasure for which you pay quite a lot. Hebridean Island 104

Cruises offer a variety o f cruises to many o f the most beautiful spots on the western seaboard in the Hebridean Princess, a luxury floating hotel with a crew o f thirty to look after forty passengers. If you're lucky with the weather and can ( 6 0 ) ________________ it, this could be the ideal holiday for you.

C. brochure D. journal 51. A. prospectus B. catalogue 52. A. data C. information D. details B. facts C. introduced D. presented 53. A. invited B. referred C. sights D. sightings 54. A. situations B. sites D. recuperation C. im provem ent 55. A. relaxation B. learning D. chess 56. A. sailing C. stone-cutting B. water-skiing 57. A. experts D. enthusiasts B. sports C. activities 58. A. set B. run C. take D. stage D. crew 59. A. group B. staff C. team B. afford D .spend 60. A. buy C. pay VII. READING PASSAGE 1 (5PTS) Read the text below and choose the best answer to each question Picture the scene: it is twilight, my wife; my eight-year-old son and 1 are pushing our bicycles up a busy country road in Austria when three supercharged motorbikes whip by like bats out o f hell. Ahead, there’s an oncoming juggernaut so, without dropping below 50kph. the motorbikes swerve within inches o f us, leaving us frozen with fear. The roaring horn o f another giant lorry charging up behind us sends us diving for the ditch. Except that there isn’t a ditch, just a dense forest, so we hold our breath at the edge o f the tarmac as the monster machine rattles past. My wife and son burst into tears and 1 feel vulnerable - and very angry. Welcome to the first day o f the Morris family cycling holiday.

It w asn't meant to be like this. The idea had been to introduce my loved ones gently to the joys o f exploring a country on two wheels, but after just 1 1 hours it was doubtful they would ever get back on a bike again. Before this, my son. Ben, hadn't cycled much farther than to his local school; my wife had given up pedal power after a nasty encounter with a white van when she was a student. To win them over. I had to make sure our first family trip would be as stress-free, safe and pleasure-packed as possible.

I began my research by excluding any tours that included hills, heavy luggage, rain and - most important o f all - terrifying traffic. I came across a specialist travel company called Hooked on Cycling, which suggested the River Danube Cycle Way in northern Austria as the best bespoke route for beginners.

90 per cent o f the journey on dedicated cycle paths - flattish and car-free. Better still, the seven-night package included cycle hire, maps, decent hotels, luggage transfers and a back-up team, all at a reasonable price. It sounded perfect for cycle-tour newcomers.

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The first day’s ride was not only terrifying, but also too long for beginners: 261/2 miles not 19, as advised. As a result, we missed the last bike ferry across to our hotel for the night and were then redirected by our route map on to a busy road on the opposite side o f the Danube where we encountered the juggernauts.

Grim first impressions are difficult to wipe out.

As for the problems o f the rest o f the trip, I mostly blame myself. 1 hadn't taken on board that a week's cycling does involve a lot o f cycling. I remember reading the itinerary and thinking that 165 miles in seven days did seem a bit ambitious, but not impossible. In isolation, a full day’s cycling o f about 22 miles was fine, it was the cumulative effect of several days on the bike that was the problem. So for my poor wife, tired legs, sore hands and the discomfort o f being on a saddle so long turned a potentially relaxing holiday into more o f an endurance challenge.

My own difficulty lay with the luggage. The prospect o f having our bags transported for us had seemed luxurious, but it soon became a daily chore. By 8.30 am, our luggage had to be ready for collection, no mean fe a t for a family with a totally disorganized approach to packing. With our belongings on their way to the next hotel we were tied into covering a certain distance just to catch up with a clean pair o f underpants. The rigid schedule is, o f course, essential for the safe transportation o f hundreds o f pieces of luggage. It just didn’t fit in with the spontaneity and freedom that I normally associate with cycling. Similarly, dragging my son away from the many excellent playgrounds and outdoor swimming pools along the route in order to keep up didn’t feel nice.

Admittedly, the journey wasn’t all traffic terror and damaged bottoms. The steep-sided Danube Ring was stunning, and whizzing through the cornfields as high as a cyclist’s eye around Feldkirchen was well worth the detour. But the real discovery o f the holiday was the Wachau. Winding between the medieval towns, the Wachau Valley is stuffed full o f fairy-tale castles, monasteries, abbeys and rolling vineyards that produce complex white wines. It’s a rich landscape that is best savoured from the saddle o f a bicycle. But if we - or maybe that should be I - were to do the trip again, there are several things I would change. For a start, I would limit the packing. We would have been far more relaxed if we had carried our own bags.

It is worth aiming for the larger hotels, but if you fall behind schedule there are plenty o f b&bs along the route. If you are willing to transport your own tent, there is always the option o f camping at one o f Lower Austria’s fine campsites.

If you are a sucker for a good hotel, stay in one place and explore the Danube Bike Trail to the east and west. Any o f the towns in the Wachau region would make a good base for the tour. And I would steer clear o f the cheap river cruises.

In summer the boats are hot, smell o f chip fat and are crowded with the very coach parties I prefer to avoid.

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Having learnt from my mistakes, my real concern is for families who are likely to be put off cycling by unsafe and over-ambitious routes. I had always believed the cycle paths o f Europe to be vastly superior to the patchwork of routes we have in Britain. The truth is that the Danube route suffers from the same problems.

Without the proper provision o f traffic lights, tunnels or bridges, the sections where cars and bikes mix can be very dangerous. Similarly, dedicated cycle lanes might sound safe but where they run too close to a busy road - or, worse still, face oncoming traffic - you have to question their recreational value.

61. In the first paragraph, the writer describes.

A. something that happened while they were riding their bicycles B. nearly being hit by more than one vehicle C. a mistake they made while they were on a busy road D. getting lost while making a journey 62. The phrase “ like bats out o f hell” mentioned in paragraph one means.

A. very fast

B. very slowly

C. very carelessly

D. very densely

63. The writer says in the second paragraph that the experience on the country road.

A. was the same as something that had happened to his wife B. made him think that the cycling holiday might not continue C. was something that head feared might happen D. was something that he could have prevented from happening 64. What does the writer emphasize in the third paragraph?

A. How much research he did before choosing a holiday.

B. How suitable the holiday he chose seemed.

C. How much advice he got before booking the holiday.

D. How hard it was to find a suitable holiday.

65. What does the writer say about the first day’s ride?

A. It took them longer than necessary to cover distance.

B. They read their map incorrectly during it.

C. It affected their attitude to the whole holiday.

D. They had not noticed what the schedule distance was.

66. What does the writer say about the other problems they had on the trip?

A. His wife had warned him that they were likely to happen.

B. After a while they weren’t quite so bad.

C. He had expected the amount o f cycling to be serious problem.

D. He should have expected them to happen.

67. The word “itinerary” is closest in meaning to.

A. a documentary book B. a travel magazine C. a travel brochure D. a plan for a journey 107

68. What does the writer mean by “no mean feat” in paragraph 6?

A. something that didn't happen B. a bigachievement C. something impossible D. a waste o f time 69. What does the write say about the rigid schedule?

A. He felt that it was inappropriate for cycling.

B. His son often complained about it.

C. He could not see the need for it D. They did not always manage to stick to it.

70. The writer mentioned the W’achau district as an example of.

A. a place they intend to return to one day B. an experience that was better than he had expected C. one o f the positive experiences o f the holiday D. somewhere that attracts a lot o f cyclists VIII. READING PASSAGE 2 (5PTS) Read the text below and choose the best answer to each question Best-selling crime writer P. D. James - the initials stand for Phyllis Dorothy exudes an air o f quiet authority. It is easy to envisage her, had she not become a creator o f detective stories with more twists and turns than a spiral staircase, as a headmistress o f a girls' school. But it is soon apparent from what she says that the authoritative mien is. in fact, a cloak for shyness. She reluctantly admits that Adam Dalgliesh. the detective in her novels, 'is. 1 suppose, modelled on m y s e lf or rather, the way 1 would have turned out if I had been a man'. Dalgliesh prefers to unravel the complexities of crimes solo, as does his creator. '1 need time on my own, particularly when I am writing. 1 can write more or less anywhere as long as I have total privacy.'

She is too modest to concur with the view that she is Britain's best-known crime writer, even though her books - 12 major detective novels - are read avidly by millions all over the world. She herself is a great fan o f the works o f close friend Ruth Rendell. T particularly enjoy her psychological works, written under the name o f Barbara Vine.' Books beside her bed are most likely to be by women writers such as Iris Murdoch, Anita Brookner and Penelope Lively, although not to the total exclusion o f male authors like Graham Greene and Evelyn Waugh, whom she considers to have been the greatest novelists of their generation.

Success came to P. D. James late in life. Now in her seventies, she was 42 when her first crime novel, Cover Her Face, was published. Born in Oxford, the eldest of three children, Phyllis grew up mainly in Cambridge, where her family moved when she was 1 1 years old. T met my husband there - he was a student at the university, and I have always loved the place. That is why I chose it as the setting for An Unsuitable Job For A Woman.'

108

Reluctantly, she reveals that from a promising start, life has been hard, even tragic at times. Her Irish doctor husband. Connor Bantry White, returned from the Second World War, during which he served with the Royal Army Medical Corps, a very sick man. '1 had to work long hours to support him and our two young daughters, Clare and Jane. The ideas were teeming in my head, but 1 could do practically nothing about it - 1 simply hadn't the time. My husband's parents, however, were marvellous, and took my daughters under their wing, giving them a sense o f security throughout those difficult years.'

While working full-time in administration for the National Health Service, she made good use o f her enviable organizational skills. At one point, five psychiatric outpatients' clinics came under her jurisdiction. Then followed 1 I years at the Home Office, first in the Police Department, doing administration for forensic science research, and then in the Criminal Law section, in the juvenile crime division. It was while working in forensic science that she became 'quite accustomed' to the sight o f corpses. But it was not fascination with death itself that inspired her. It was, rather, the shape and construction involved in the writing o f a crime novel that appealed. I have always enjoyed reading detective stories, and I always knew that I wanted to be a writer.'

T didn't want to use the traumatic events o f my own life in a work of fiction. The writing o f a detective story appealed as a wonderful apprenticeship for someone setting out to be a serious novelist, and it was suitably removed from my own experience. As I went on. 1 became increasingly aware that one could stay within the constraints and indeed within the so-called formula o f the classic detective story and still write a good, serious and revealing novel about human beings. Writing detective stories', she says, 'is a way of bringing order out o f disorder. The solution o f a crime confirms the sanctity o f life - even if that life is unlovable. Nobody really likes violence.'

71. What does the writer suggest about P. D. James's outward manner?

A. It is an attempt to discourage curiosity.

B. It points to a lack o f self-confidence.

C. It conceals the true nature of her personality.

D. It comes as a surprise to her readers.

72. The word “envisage” is closest in meaning to.

A. encourage B. discourage C. imagine D. distress 73. When questioned about Adam Dalgliesh, P. D. James.

A. concedes that the detective resembles her.

B. admits that his behaviour is unusual.

C. accepts that he does not enjoy company.

D. recognises a weakness in the detective's character.

74. What is revealed about P. D. James's tastes in reading?

A. She prefers books with lots o f action.

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B. She is less keen on male than female writers.

C. She believes that men write better books than women.

D. She thinks that women writers are not given enough credit.

75. According to P. D. James, her early writing career suffered from lack of A. support.

B. commitment.

C. confidence.

D. opportunity.

76. What characterized P. D. James’s work in the National Health Service?

A. It was well-suited to her talents.

B. It was not a satisfying experience.

C. It was useful for her future writing.

D. It was not sufficiently demanding.

77. P. D. James was drawn to writing crime novels because.

A. they were her favourite sort o f reading.

B. they would be useful to her in her career.

C. she liked the technical challenge they offered.

D. she had experienced the effects o f crime at first hand.

78. The word “traum atic” is closest in meaning to.

A. exciting B. distressing C. sudden D. boring 79. The word “sanctity” is closest in meaning to.

A. sacredness B. badness C. unfaithfulness D. consistence 80. What realisation did P. D. James come to while working on her detective stories?

A. It was not necessary to pay attention to established pattern.

B. The convention did not adversely affect the quality o f her writing.

C. It was inevitable that she would become emotionally involved.

D. The subject matter was more limiting than she had expected.

B. WRITTEN TEST (70PTS I. CLOZE TEST: Read the text below and think of the word that best fits each space Use only ONE WORD for each space.

OPEN CLOZE TEST 1 (10PTS) Put simply, an allergy is a disorder in which the body over-reacts to harmless substances which in normal circumstances should not produce any reaction at all. An allergy can occur in almost any part o f your body, and can ( 1 ) _________ caused by just about anything. Mainly though, allergies become evident on parts o f the body directly exposed (2)__________the outside world. Certain allergies occur only at certain times o f the year, while (3)_________are there all the time.

Those (4)__________ all the year round are probably (5)______ by something you come into contact with every day o f your life, some seemingly harmless object (6)_________ as your deodorant or the pillow you lie on each night. Allergies can occur at any time during your life, (7)____ usually do so before your fortieth birthday. Sometimes the symptoms are so slight you do not even know you have 110

an allergy, and it may take years (8)______ an allergy to become noticeable. It all depends on the amount o f the substance to (9)______ you are exposed and for how long. Sometimes an allergy can disappear as ( 1 0 ) ___________ as it arrived, without any treatment. Sometimes it comes and goes for no apparent reason, and with no regularity.

OPEN CLOZE TEST 2 (10PTS) THE LEGEND OF THE ROOT Ginseng is one o f the great mysteries o f the east. Often referred to as the ‘elixir o f life’ its widespread use in oriental medicine has led ( 1 1 ) _______ many myths and legends building up around this remarkable plant. Ginseng has featured ( 1 2 ) __________an active ingredient in oriental medical literature for over 5,000 years. Its beneficial effects were, at one time, (13) widely recognized and praised that the root was said to (1 4 ) ________ worth its weight in gold. ( 1 5 ) __ the long history o f ginseng, no one fully knows how it works.

The active part o f the plant is the root. Its full name is Panax Ginseng - the word Panax, like the word panacea, coming from the Greek for ‘all healing'. There is growing interest by western scientists (16)____the study o f ginseng.

It is today believed that (17)_______ remarkable plant may (18)___ beneficial effects in the treatment o f many diseases which are difficult to treat with synthetic drugs.

Today, ginseng is ( 1 9 ) ____ longer a myth or a legend. Throughout the world it is becoming widely recognized that this ancient herb holds the answer to relieving the stresses and ailments o f modern living. It is widely used for the treatment o f various ailments such as arthritis, diabetes, insomnia, hepatitis and anaemia. However, the truth behind (20)_____ ginseng works still remains a mystery. Yet its widespread effectiveness shows that the remarkable properties are more than just a legend.

II. W ORD FO RM ATION (20PTS) PART 1: Com plete the sentence, using the correct form o f the word in parentheses.

1. Media attention has _ the appeal of home exchange over the past few years. (WIDE) 2. When attending the course, students will be introduced to several o f Mozart's __________________ . (COMPOSE) 3. In order to ensure a constant supply o f ingredients, he includes advice and _ handy tips for growing fruit and vegetables. (NUMBER) 4. Our range o f programmes and choice of specialist subjects has been developed to meet the requirements o f our students and th e ir __________ employers.

(PROSPECT) 5. Within the last two decades the computer has become the m o s t_____ piece of equipment in the office. (DISPENSE) 111

6. The customs official was accused o f __________ and corruption. (BRIBE) 7. This is considered _ rudeness. (EXCUSE) 8. T h e ______________ images were still vivid in her mind, playing out like some cleverly orchestrated cellular illusion. (HORROR) 9. The rain gave us a _ excuse to stay at home. (MAKE) 10. The new manager will oversee the long overdue redecoration o f the building. make several new s ta ff_______________ and supervise educational courses.

(APPOINT) PART 2: Com plete the passage with appropriate forms fro the words given in the box ROMFORD COLLEGE INTERNATIONAL FRIENDSHIP CLUB

present contribute

place come

notice draw

voluntary admit

fresh recognize

Hello all members!

Welcome to another edition o f the club newsletter.

A list o f ( 1 1 ) _____ events for the autumn is being prepared. It will be displayed on the club's (12)______________. Sadly our intended celebrity guest, the actor George Wells, has had to (1 3 )__ from the summer fair. However, we are pleased to announce that we have lined up a (14)___________in the shape of Bethan Rogers, the folk-singer.

Meanwhile, we are looking for ( 1 5 ) ___ to help run both the cloakroom and the (1 6 ) _____________ stall.

If you are interested please let me know as soon as possible.

The cost o f (17)_____ to the fair for non-members has been agreed at £2.50.

Members will, o f course, be free.

As you know, Professor Byatt, who has been associated with the club for 15 years, is retiring at the end of term. In (18)_____ of his support and enthusiasm. we are planning to hold a little ( 1 9 ) ______ for him. Mrs. Byatt has suggested we buy him a gold watch. Please send any (2 0 ) __________________ you would like to make to me by Friday 30th.

III. ERRO R IDENTIFICATION (10PTS) The following passage contains 10 errors. Identify and correct them Line ICE CREAM 1 Spaghetti with chicken, fish and chips, Indian tea. No, these are not items in a restaurant menu, but ice cream flavors sold in a shop high in the Venezuelan Andes. At this particular ice cream shop, you are presented with a choice o f 683 variety. It is no surprise, therefore, that it 5 is listed in many reference books like the place which has the most 112

10

15

flavors in the world. '1 wanted to do something different,' the owner said, 'so I bought an ice cream machine. It's the best investment I've ever made.' The Portuguese businessman started experimenting 17 years ago, trying to make avocado ice cream. He finally found a success formula and became addicted with experimenting. Soon his imagination knew any limits. Whatever food you think of, his shop has the ice cream version. 'When I'm looking along the rows o f food in a supermarket. I immediately ask me which flavor I could use next,' the owner said. This can occasionally lead in problems. He once made an ice cream with a chilli flavor that was so strong his customers complained that her mouths were burning. The owner, Mr. Olvero, that keeps the ice cream recipes in his head, says that there is still room for more flavours. He adds that he would be grateful for any suggestions for the shop that he plans to open in the near future.

IV. SENTENCE TR AN SFO RM ATIO N (20PTS) Rewrite the sentences with the given words or beginning in such a way that their meanings remain unchanged.

1. I arrived late because I missed the 10:30 train. (TURNED) -> If I’d caught the 10:30 train, I _____ time.

2. In my opinion, these two kinds o f music are completely different from each other. (CO M PARISO N) —> In my opinion, there i s ____________ these two kinds o f music.

3. According to the report, the driver o f the car was a policeman. (BEING) —» According to the report, t h e _______ by a policeman.

4. “ It’s not worth worrying about the past,” I told him. (POINT) —> I told him that there w a s __________ about the past.

5. The author describes his childhood vividly in the book. (ACCOUNT) —» The author’s b o o k ________________ his childhood.

6. This plant often gets attacked by insects. (PRONE) -> This p la n t_______________________ by insects.

7. None o f the other team member supported Terry’s idea. (SUPPORT) —» Terry’s idea met w i t h _____________ the other members o f the team.

8. Mr. Conrad’s son is becoming quite well know as an artist. (NAM E) —> Mr. Conrad's son is m ak in g _______ himself as an artist.

9. Those terrapins which survive their first year may live to be twenty.

—>S h o u ld ____________________________.

10. Does he know enough English to work as a translator?

—> Is his

________________________ ?

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TRƯỞNG THPT CHUYÊN NGUYỄN QUANG DIÊU - ĐỒNG THÁP fĩ . MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS: (40 PTS) I. PHONETICS: (5 PTS) A. Choose the word whose underlined part is pronounced that o f the others 1. A. prestige B. vestige C. advantage 2. A. pred/ction B. div/dend C. ind/ctment 3. A. W7equivocal C. unha \lowed B. z/tfanimous 4. A. pharynx B. phrenology C. Stephanie 5. A. catastrophe B. facsimile C. syncope B. Choose the word whose main stressed syllable is placed that o f the others 6. A. panorama B. deformity C. ascertain 7. A. commiserate B. competence C. compromise 8. A. prosperous B. vigorous C. tremendous 9. A. intimacy B. intrepid C. intoxicate 10. A. saturnine B. satirical C. saxophone

differently from D. village D. add/ction D. zmvarnished D. S t e v e n D. steppe differently from D. apropos D. complicated D. envious D. intimidate D . savagery

II. VO CA BU LA RY (5 PTS) Choose the best answer to com plete each of the following sentences 1. The film was pretty bad, wasn’t it? - Yes, I think it w a s ________.

A. exemplary B. excruciating C. expeditious D. explicit 2. This home-made champagne is nice, but it’s not as good as t h e _______article.

A. genuine B. real C. candid D. edible 3. A ________walk before breakfast helps t o ________ the appetite.

A. brush ... grow B. brash ... enforce C. brisk ...sharpen D. hurried...make 4. Let's take a ________stroll along the beach.

A. fresh B. sluggish C. leisurely D. plodding 5. She asked the film star for h i s _______ on the back o f her table napkin.

A. sign B. autograph C. seal D. biography 6. He is a ________teacher. I mean he is a teacher who works in different schools and travels between them.

A. peripatetic B. perpetual C. periodic D. itinerant 7. Fortunately, her parents w e r e ________unaware o f what was going on.

A. rapturously B. exultantly C. bitterly D. blissfully 8. What do we mean when we talk about “ som eone’s gait ”?

A. their way o f looking B. their way o f talking C. their way o f walking D. their way o f eating 114

9. I think that the artist's cartoons are usually r a th e r ____________ as they are intended to appeal to a mass audience.

A. highbrow B. lowbrow C. dreary D. impenetrable 10. Although his photographs are q u ite ________, it is worth making the effort to understand them.

A. evocative B. challenging C. intriguing D. inured III. STRUCTURES & G RAM M AR (5 PTS) 1 . _______ in the schedule, would you please inform me?

A. Despite changes B. As soon as there will be a change C. In the event o f any change D. In case there were a change 2 . _______ did Arthur realize that there was danger.

A. Upon entering the store C. After he had entered the store

B. When he entered the store D. Only after entering the store

3 . _______ to get through to Jackie for days now. Either she's away or her phone's out o f order.

A. I've been trying C. I'm trying

B. I had tried D. I tried

smokers choose to ignore.

4 . _______ is a fact many A. That smoking is harmful to health B. It is harmful to health to smoke C. To smoke is harmful to health D. Smoking is harmful to health 5. The boy slipped out o f the room for f e a r _________.

A. o f finding his mother

B. that his mother will find

him

C. that he'll find his mother D. that his mother should find him 6. A litter boy, n o t ________twelve y e a rs________ age, wanted to be a sailor ________his father.

A. more ... o f ... as B. o v e r ... o f ... like C. a b o u t ... a t ... as D. more than ... a t ... as 7. Paul did so well in his speech today that h e _____ many times this past week.

A. should have practised

B. had practised

C. must have practised D. can have practiced 8. So thick and r ic h _________o f Illinois that early settlers there were unable to force a plow through it.

A. was the soil B. the soil was C. as the soil D. the soil 9. He got an excellent grade in his exam ination_________the fact that he had not worked particularly hard.

A. on account o f B. because C. in spite o f D. although 10. Censorship prevents a movie from being shown o r _________.

A. a book from selling B. a book cannot be sold C. book to be sold D. a book being sold 115

IV. PREPOSITIONS AND PHRASAL VERBS (5 PTS) Choose the best answer to complete each sentence or replace the underlined words or phrases.

1. Failure is the mother o f success._________your courage.

A. Keep on B. Keep up C. Keep back D. Keep at 2. The readers were only allowed to borrow three b o o k s_________when they go to the library.

A. a time B. one time C. at a time D. at one time 3. After breakfast, Father_________to paint the house white.

A. set in B. set on C. set down D. set out 4. They tried in vain to save enough money to buy a house and so finally they rented one.

A. without money B. without trial C. without success D. without work 5. They dark clouds rolled in quickly and it began to rain without warning.

A. all along B. out o f order C. all o f a sudden D. at once 6. Thanks to her regular workouts and sensible diet she certainly strikes me as jn the pink.

A. in extremely health B. in good health C. in absolute health D. in clear health 7. Whenever 1 read a mystery novel 1 a lw ays_________to find out the ending to the story.

A. look after B. look for C. look in D. look ahead 8. At the last moment, Judy altered her decision about getting married so quickly.

A. changed her mind B. made up her mind C. never mind D. got over 9. Paula applied for the job. but s h e _________.

A. turned down B. checked out C. kept under C. pushed ahead 10. When the tenants failed to pay their bill, the authorities decided t o _________ the gas supply to the flat.

A. cut down B. cut out C. cut off D. cut up V. G UIDED CLOZE TEST (10 PTS) Read the text below and decide which answer best fits each space.

CLOZE TEST 1: (5 PTS) Everybody loves to play board games sometimes, but it is surprising to know how long this (1)______ has been in existence. Some o f the earliest board games are over five thousand years old. The oldest is (2)______ Senet , an Ancient Egyptian game which has been found in burials from before 3000BC. The game involves an element o f luck, and so it was thought by the Ancient Egyptians (3)________ those who won the game were protected by the Gods. For this 116

reason, games o f Senet were often buried alongside the body in the grave, to be used on the dangerous journey to the afterlife. The game can also be seen on a number o f paintings in tombs. The game board is set out as a grid o f three by ten rows, and uses two sets o f at least five pawns. The actual rules are unknown, (4)________ some historians have proposed rules (5)________ are used in the Senet sets available today.

The Royal Game of Ur, also (6)_______ as the Game o f Twenty Squares, is (7)________ancient game which dates back to the First Dynasty o f Ur, in 2600 BC Mesopotamia. It was played with two sets o f seven markers, one black and one white, and three four-sided dice. Although the ancient rules are unknown, a stone tablet has been found which depicts a (8)_________record o f how the game was played in 177-176 BC. Both Senet and The Royal Game o f Ur are probably predecessors to the game backgammon, which (9)_________has a long history. The game o f Nard, which existed in Iran in around 3000BC, used two sets o f fifteen counters, four dice and the same board as the one used in backgammon today, although the initial starting positions and rules are (10) ______ . Similar games were played Ancient Rome and India.

D. occasion 1. A .event B. pastime C. festival D. hopefully 2. A. notably C. probably B. considerably D. when C. where 3. A. that B. which D. as 4. A. because B. so C. although D. what 5. A. how B. that C. why D .seen 6. A. looked B. viewed C. known C. other D. others 7. A. another B. the other D. reliably C. reliability 8. A. reliable B. unreliable D. itself 9. A. them C. it B. themselves D. different 10. A. similar B. the same C. various CLOZE TEST 2: (5 PTS) The next generation o f telephone users will probably laugh (1)__________ we explain how we used to stand next to a wall in the kitchen to (2)__________ a phone call. Mobile communications, already highly advanced (3)__________ with a decade ago, will completely change communication using mobile phones. although most people know (4)__________ about the mobile telecommunications industry and its technology.

There are three types o f mobile phone. These are hand portables, pocket-sized hand portables and transportable. The smallest and most popular are pocketsized hand portables. These work on rechargeable batteries, which allow an (5) o f up to 80 minutes’ conversation. Mobiles that are fitted permanently in a vehicle do not (6)__________ on separate batteries. They require an external 117

aerial on the vehicle. This can mean a stronger signal with clearer (7)__________ .

Transportables have a high power capability and can be used (8)__________ anywhere. They come with powerful battery packs for longer, continuous use and may also be put (9)______ a vehicle, using its electrics. They (10)________ to be bulkier than hand portables.

1. A. unless B. when D. whether C. while 2. A. make B. give C. take D. do 3. A. have compared B. to compare C. comparing D. compared 4. A. little B. come C. few D. lots 5. A. amount B. account C. activity D. average 6. A. rely B. create C. carry D. insist 7. A. wave B. letter C.speech D .speed 8. A. mostly B. hardly C. most D. almost 9. A. on with B. into C. up with D. in to 10. A. used B. have D. are C. tend VI. READING CO M PREHENSIO N (10 PTS) PASSAGE 1: Fill in each gap in the passage with one suitable sentence from A-J. (5 PTS) DANCE Ballroom dancing is only one form o f dance. (1)_________ . In Afghanistan. for example, one o f the traditional wedding dances is a circular dance called ‘'attan" which is usually the last dance o f the evening’s festivities. While dancing the attan, the participants follow each other around a circle to a certain beat. As the beat becomes more rapid and the slower dancers become tired they drop out o f the dance leaving only the stronger participants dancing until the one with the most endurance remains. (2)_________. Other forms require head turning and clapping as well.

Line dancing is a variation o f circle dancing and Irish step-dancing is one of the well-known types o f line dancing. (3)_________. This type o f dancing has been made famous by the Lord o f the Dance and Riverdance productions and is a wonderfully vibrant form o f expression. Some step-dancers enjoy this art form as a recreational activity and others are seriously involved in competitive events throughout the Irish cultural areas o f the world.

(4)______ _. For example, step-dancing requires the feet to move quickly and with exactness and it dictates that the upper body be stiff. The lack o f the use of hands in step-dancing really is based on history and the attitudes o f the English who did not approve o f dancing. Also, it is thought that since much Irish dancing was done in pubs and gathering places which were small there was probably not a great deal o f space in which to use hand movements. (5)________.

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Precision and uniformity o f movement are two characteristics o f step-dancing which most people recognize. (6)_________. Before the early 1900s, though, step-dancers often performed their synchronized movements while dancing with their hands on their hips. (7)_________. The straight, clean lines o f the body add to the impression that it is the intricacy o f the footwork which is the most important aspect o f the presentation.

Chorus line dancing, which is another variation type o f line dancing, was an extremely popular way that dancing and elegance were included in movies productions for several years. (8)_________. Many people simply refer to the modern type o f dancing as “ line dancing” but regardless of whether it has a special name, modern line dancing is usually associated with a country and western theme. With modern line dancing, there may only be one line or there can be several. (9)_________ . This type o f dancing does not always require interaction between dancers and the dancers often move independently from each other. But the beauty o f this dance form permits interaction, like weaving in and out different lines, if the dancers desire. And sometimes the dancers even may make contact with each other if clapping becomes part o f their performance.

Whether modern dancing takes its form from the traditional folk dances performed in circles or from the traditional step-dances, the art o f dancing has evolved over the years and has incorporated various aspects o f traditional dances and cultures. (10)_________ .

A. So, for all practical purposes, the body’s stiffness and the dancers’ non-use of hands may relate not only to historical precedent but to space limitations as well B. That trend has somewhat faded and now most step-dancing is done with the participants' amis held firmly down to their sides and their hands made into a fist C. By combining past and present, the modern group dance form is maintaining tradition while connecting with the present D. Today fewer scenes o f chorus lines appear in movies but many movies with “Western” or “country” themes include modern forms o f line dancing E. Some forms o f the attan require many movements, such as turning and twisting, but require no clapping from the participants F. Whether the dancers participate in step-dancing for recreation or competition they find there is a certain rigidity about the rules o f dance but that there is a great flexibility as to movement and variety within the rules G. Sometimes, when there is more than one line, the lines face in the same direction with one line being in back o f the other, but sometimes the lines face each other H. Irish step-dancing is also a type of folk dance and has a modern form as well as a traditional form 119

I.

J.

For centuries people have also participated in circle and line dances, and these dance forms are equally important in understanding dance history.

Many countries have folk dances which are part o f their cultural heritage And although traditional step-dancing does not permit the use o f hands, some o f the more modern versions allow it

PASSAGE 2: Read the passage below. Then choose one best answer A, B, C, or D to each question. (5 PTS) Ralph Earl was born into a Connecticut farm family in 1751. He chose early to become a painter and looked for what training was available in his home state and in Boston. Earl was one o f the first American artists to paint landscapes.

Among his first paintings were scenes from the Revolutionary war battles o f Lexington and Concord. In 1778 Earl went to London to study with Benjamin West for four years.

When Earl returned to the United States, he was jailed for fourteen months for outstanding debts. While still a prisoner, he painted portraits o f some of New York City's most elegant society women and their husbands. After his release, he took up the trade o f itinerant portrait painter, working his way through southern New England and New York. Earl didn't flatter his subjects, but his portraits show a deep understanding o f them, perhaps because he had sprung from the same roots.

Among Earl's most famous paintings is his portrait o f Justice Oliver Ellsworth and his wife, Abigail. To provide counterpoint to the severity of the couple, he accurately details the relative luxury o f the Ellsworth's interior furnishings. The view through the window behind them shows sunlit fields, wellkept fences, and a bend o f the Connecticut River. One o f Earl’s paintings is som ething o f an anom aly. Reclining Hunter , which for many years was attributed to Thomas Gainsborough, shows a well-dressed gentleman resting beneath a tree. In the foreground, he displays a pile o f birds, the result o f a day's hunt. The viewer can also see a farmer’s donkey lying in the background, another o f the hunter’s victims. This outrageously funny portrait couldn’t have been commissioned - no one would have wanted to be portrayed in such an absurd way. However, this painting uncharacteristically shows Earl's wit as well as his uncommon technical skills.

1. What is the author’s main purpose?

A. To compare the art o f Ralph Earl and Thomas Gainsborough B. To describe the art scene in New York in the late eighteenth century C. To discuss the life and work of an American painter D. To trace Ralph Earl’s artistic influences 2. Which o f the following is NOT given in the passage as a subject o f one of Earl’s paintings?

A. Battle scenes B. Fruit and flowers C. Landscapes D. People 120

3. According to the passage, Benjamin West was Ralph Earl’s _________.

A. rival B. student C. subject D. teacher 4. Which o f the following could be substituted for the word “outstanding " without changing the meaning o f the sentence?

A. Excellent B. Illegal C. Shocking D. Unpaid 5. The word “itinerant ” is closest in meaning to which o f the following?

A. Traveling B. Innovative C. Successful D. Talented 6. The author uses the phrase sprung from the same roots to indicate that Ralph Earl and his subjects_________ .

A. lived in the same town B. had the same background C. were equally successful D. were about the same age 7. According to the passage, one o f the distinguishing features for the portrait of Oliver and Abigail Ellsworth is the contrast betw een_________ .

A. the straight fences and the curving Connecticut River B. the two styles used to paint the two figures C. the plainness o f the figures and the luxury o f the furnishings D. the sunlit fields and the dark interior 8. Why does the author refer to Reclining Hunter as "something o f an anomaly'"'!

A. It is quite humorous.

B. It is so severe.

C. It shows Earl's talent.

D. It was commissioned.

9. The word he refers t o ________ .

A. the hunter B. the farmer C. Thomas Gainsborough D. Ralph Earl 10. The author’s attitude toward Ralph Earl i s _________.

A. admiring B. antagonistic C. unflattering D. aggressive

B. WRITTEN TEST (70 PTS I. OPEN CLOZE TEST: (20 PTS) OPEN CLOZE TEST 1: Fill each blank with ONE word to make a com plete passage. (10 PTS) As part o f Profect Pelagos, a marine reserve covering the same area ( 1 ) __ Switzerland and located in the Ligurian Sea is being planned. The programme was devised by environmentalists from the University o f Genoa (2) ________ response to growing concern about the number o f whales and dolphins being harmed in those waters.

Every year large numbers of dolphins and finback whales migrate to this area from Atlantic waters in search of food. However, studies estimate that correspondingly large numbers never return ( 3 ) _______ mate in native waters. The deaths are being caused by the presence o f DDT. a pernicious insecticide voluntarily banned in Britain, in the seas off the Ligurian coast. The effect (4) ________ marine animals is cumulative rather (5) ________ instantaneous, so whales returning to the same area year after year are particularly vulnerable. The other 121

major problem is the use o f large fishing nets to trap dolphins and whales. Very recent laws prohibit Italy’s fishing boats, some o f ( 6 ) ________have drag nets up to 10 kilometres in length, from entering the area, but as yet there is nothing to (7 ) ________foreign boats from fishing there. The nets are a particular problem and it has been estimated that approximately 400 dolphins perish in ( 8 ) ________ each year.

The project aims to develop a safe area for these animals, but the administrators admit that funding is a problem. To remedy this, they have set up an adoption scheme ( 9 ) _______ which there is a fixed registration fee. Donations have been averaging £25 and for this participants receive certification o f their involvement in the scheme, an information pack about their dolphin or whale, plus regular updates. In (10) ________, there are plans afoot to allow some volunteers to accompany scientists going out on observation trips.

OPEN CLOZE TEST 2: Fill each blank with ONE word to make a com plete passage. (10 PTS) Many people believe that watching television has resulted (1)________lower reading standards in schools. (2)_______ , the link between television and printed books not as simple as that. In many cases, television actually encourages people to read; for example, when a book is turned (3)________a TV series, its sales often go up. One study o f this link examined six-year-old children (4)________ were viewing a special series o f 15-minute programmes at school. The series was designed to encourage the love o f books, as (5)________as to develop the basic mechanical skills o f reading. Each programme is an animated film o f a children's book. The story is read (6)________while certain key phrases from the book (7)________ on the screen, beneath the picture. Whenever a word is (8 )_______ , it is also highlighted on the TV screen.

One finding was that watching these programmes was very important to the children. If anything (9)_______ them from seeing a programme, they were very disappointed. What’s more, they wanted to read the books which the different parts o f the series were (10)________on. What do many people believe?

II. W ORD FORM (20 PTS) PART 1: Supply each gap with the correct form of the word given in the box.

(10 PTS)

shrink ecology

scene demography

stable danger

touch control

emit climate

THREATS TO THE ENVIRONMENT (1.)________habitats are a threat to both plants and animals, and ( 2 .) ________ species need legal protection if they are to survive. Meanwhile, global warming will produce rising sea levels and ( 3 . ) __________ changes, and carbon dioxide ( 4 . ) ________from the burning o f fossil fuels are contributing to the greenhouse 122

effect. In addition, population growth exerts severe pressure on finite resources. and the ( 5 .)________balance may be upset by (6 .) ________ deforestation. ( 7 . ) _________ projections suggest the world population will grow before it begins to ( 8 .) ___________ . One o f the worst case ( 9 .) ______ is that there will be no tropical forests left by the year 2050. Our only hope is that ( 1 0 .) ______ environments such as Antarctica can be protected from development and damage.

PART 2: Give the correct form o f words in brackets (10 PTS) 1. Nick g a z e d ________at his neighbor's shining motorbike.

(COVET) 2. Our local Member o f Parliament is a /a n ________opponent of all plans to extend the city. (PLACATE) 3 . ______ is sometimes said to be more characteristic o f women than men but 1 think that this is a false stereotype. (FICKLE) 4. The parents are delightful but their children a r e ________.

(LOATHE) 5. There was a ________applause following his speech.

(THUNDER) 6. Nowadays a lot o f people prefer alternative medicine systems, such as acupuncture,________.

(AROMATIC) 7. This behavior i s ________of his general lack o f self-confidence. (SYMTOM) 8. D olphins,_____ species, give birth to one calf every two years. (MAM M AL) 9. To be an astronaut, a person, at the beginning o f his training, has to be accustomed t o __________ in a spacecraft.

(WEIGH) 10. The scientific________in this book are very necessary for us to do research.

(TECHNICIAN) III. ERRO R CORRECTION: (10 PTS) Underline one m istake in each line in the passage below and then correct it.

W rite your correction on the spaces provided on the right. N um ber (0) has been done as an example.

Ex: levels —>level Line The world's oceans are so vast that they can cope with the present levels o f pollution. However, few is known about the long-term effects o f such slow poisoning. The more serious problem o f modern times is that man is destroyed the earth’s natural resources and transforming huge area into wasteland. As the result, it is becoming extremely difficult to grow enough to feed the world’s rapid increased population.

A way o f protecting all the wildlife in the Earth must also be found as many species are in extreme danger o f disappearance complete from the face o f the earth. The dangers, however, are not confined solely the land and sea. The smoke in the atmosphere, for example, is increasing so many that the amount o f sunlight has been educed in many cities.

M an's whole environment is being changed in a serious way.

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IV. SENTENCE TRANSFO RM ATION (20 PTS) A. Rewrite each of the following sentences in such a way that it means the same as the sentence printed before. (10 PTS) 1. Tim insisted on being told the complete disaster.

Nothing b u t ______________________________________________________ 2. He never seems to succeed, even though he works hard.

H ow ever__________________________________________________________ 3. Alice is the most generous person I have ever met.

T v e ______________________________________________________________ 4. Thomas never seems to succeed even though he studies much.

M u c h _____________________________________________________________ 5. 1 never thought that I would win a prize.

It h a d ____________________________________________________________ B. Write a new sentence using the word given. (10 PTS) 6. We won't get to the airport in less than 30 minutes.

LEAST 7. This car only cost me five hundred pounds.

PICKED 8. 1 tried to talk to Thomson about the problem but he was too busy.

W ORD 9. If you don't take care of those trees, they won't last for long.

LOOK 10. The best solution was thought of by Jolie.

CAME

TRltfNG THPT NGÔ GIA TUT- DflKLAK

G I. PHONOLOGY (5 PTS) Choose the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from the others.

1. A. dosage B. carriage C. voyage D. teenage 2. A. caught B. naughty C. draught D. caution 3. A. pleasure B. measure C. ensure D. leisure 4. A. surname B. sure C. surplus D. surface 5. A. moustache B. machinery C. champagne D. championship 124

Choose the word which 1. A. questionable B. 2. A. magnificent B. 3. A. salamander B. 4. A. refugee B. 5. A. comprehend B.

is stressed differently from the other three. inferior C. criticize D. miserable photography C. advantageous D. proverbial sanatorium C. sanitarium D. saturation decisive C. catastrophe D. committee entertain C. develop D. introduce

II. W ORD CHOICE (5 PTS) Choose the best options to complete the following sentences.

1. Police said the thieves were obviously well .......................... with the alarm system at the department store.

A. aware B. informed C. acquainted D. knowledgeable 2. We had a v e r y ..........................meeting -1 felt we sorted out a lot of problems.

A. extensive B. productive C. enthusiastic D. economic 3. Your rude behaviour was an ....................... to the host and his wife. 1 don't think they will even invite us to their home again.

A. abuse B. insult C. injury D. aversion 4. N u m e ro u s ........................have prevented us from going to the lakeside again.

A. inhibitions B. deterrents C. impairments D. adversities 5. The realization of our holiday plans has had to be .................... because o f my father's sudden illness.

A. prevented B. expired C. shelved D. lingered 6. Nobody, even the best doctors, expected Frank's ........................... to be so quick and successful after so severe an accident.

A. renewal B. resumption C. recuperation D. remuneration 7. Who else is o f t h e ...................................................that we should break the camp?

A. conclusion B. opinion C. remark D. theory 8. T h e ........................boards in the staircase would always wake us up whenever somebody climbed up at night.

A. screeching B. cracking C. roaring D. creaking 9. We have to ........................... the hard times hoping that things will change for the better in the future.

A. maintain B. endure C. persist D. outlive 10. We were ........................... by the officers’ decision to divert the whole traffic from the main route.

A. rambled B. baffled C. stumbled D. shuffled III. G RAM M AR AND STRUCTURES (PTS) Choose the best options to complete the following sentences.

1. The c a r .................. by Karen. The keys are still on the table.

A. must have taken B. must have been taken C. can't have been taken D. can't have taken 125

2 ................ she could not say anything.

A. So upset was she that B. So upset was she C. However upset was she that D. Therefore upset was she that 3 ................ more carefully, he would not have had the accident yesterday: A. If Peter driven B. If had Peter driven C. Had Peter driven D. Unless Peter had driven 4. The assistant director recommended that Kenichi .... to the New York office.

A. be transferred B. transferring C. is transferred D. to transfer 5. A college is a public institution.................. the higher education o f young men and women.

A. devoting B. which devotes C. to devote to D. devoted to 6. Y o u .................. , too hard lately. Take a short vacation.

A. worked B. work C. were working D. have been working 7. It's a pity we didn't visit Tom when we had the chance. I .................. him before he left the country.

A. would like to see B. should like to see C. would like having seen D. would like to have seen 8.....................over long distances is a fact.

A. That electricity transmitting B. That electricity can be transmitted C. That electricity D. That can be transmitted 9. The older children were very excited when the new b a b y ...................

A. delivered B. gave birth C. arrived D. born 10. By the time the boss comes back from England, the w o r k ...................

A. will have been finishing B. will be finishing C. will have been finished D. will be finished IV. PH RASAL VERBS AND PREPOSITIONS. (5 PTS) 1. After lunch, we all would sit in front o f the television ..................... expectation o f our favourite TV series.

A. on B. for C. with D. in 2. The solicitor meets with his clients o n l y .......................appointment.

A. by B. with C. for D. through 3. We were warned to re f r a in .................feeding the wild animals in their cages.

A. from B. in C. with D. against 4. I’d rather you didn't order any fish for the second course. Haven’t I told you about my d is lik e .......................any kind o f seafood?

A. to B. with C. about D. o f 5. He said he would contribute money, but later h e ............................................. o f it.

A. backed down B. backed out C. turned away D. backed away 126

6. H e ............ a big fortune when he was young, so he didn’t have to work hard.

A. came into B. came up C. came across D. came round 7. The concert didn’t c o m e ..................... our expectations.

A. up to B. up against C. round D. up with 8. It never ceases to amaze me how little notice some people now t a k e ........... rules in public places.

A. in B. about C. at D. o f 9. I'm going to stay at university and try t o ........................off getting a job for a few years!

A. stay B. put C. move D. set 10. I know we had an argument, but now I'd quite like t o .......................

A. look down B. make up C. fall out D. bring up V. READING PASSAGE 1 (PTS) Read the text below and choose the best answer to each question.

Animation traditionally is done by hand-drawing or painting successive frames o f an object, each slightly different than the preceding frame. In computer animation, although the computer may be the one to draw the different frames, in most cases the artist will draw the beginning and ending frames and the computer will produce the drawings between the first and the last drawing. This is generally referred to as computer-assisted animation, because the computer is more of a helper than an originator.

In full computer animation, complex mathematical formulas are used to produce the final sequence of pictures.

These formulas operate on extensive databases of numbers that define the objects in the pictures as they exist in mathematical space. The database consists of endpoints, and color and intensity information. Highly trained professionals are needed to produce such effects because animation that obtains high degrees of realism involves computer techniques for three-dimensional transformation, shading, and curvatures.

High-tech computer animation for film involves very expensive computer systems along with special color terminals or frame buffers. The frame buffer is nothing more than a giant image memory for viewing a single frame. It temporarily holds the image for display on the screen.

A camera can be used to film directly from the computer's display screen, but for the highest quality images possible, expensive film recorders are used. The computer computes the positions and colors for the figures in the picture, and sends this information to the recorder, which captures it on film. Sometimes, however, the images are stored on a large magnetic disk before being sent to the recorder. Once this process is completed, it is repeated for the next frame. When the entire sequence has been recorded on the film, the film must be developed before the animation can be viewed. If the entire sequence does not seem right, 127

the motions must be corrected, recomputed, redisplayed, and rerecorded. This approach can be very expensive and time consuming. Often, computer-animation companies first do motion tests with simple computer-generated line drawings before selling their computers to the task o f calculating the high-resolution, realistic-looking images.

1. What aspect o f computer animation does the passage mainly discuss?

A. The production process B. The equipment needed C. The high cost D. The role o f the artist 2. According to the passage, in computer-assisted animation the role o f the computer is to draw the........

A. first frame B. middle frames C. last frame D. entire sequence o f frames 3. The word "they" in the second paragraph refers to.......................

A. formulas B. databases C. numbers D. objects 4. According to the passage, the frame buffers mentioned in the third paragraph are used to........................

A. add color to the images B. expose several frames at the same time C. store individual images D. create new frames 5. According to the passage, the positions and colours o f the figures in high-tech animation are determined b y ..................

A. drawing several versions B. enlarging one frame at a lime C. analyzing the sequence from different angles D. using computer calculations 6. The word "captures" in the fourth paragraph is closest in meaning to ......

A. separates B. registers C. describes D. numbers 7. The word "Once" in the fourth paragraph is closest in meaning to.....

A. before B. since C. after D. while 8. According to the passage, how do computer-animation companies often test motion?

A. They experiment with computer-generated line drawings.

B. They hand-draw successive frames.

C. They calculate high-resolution images.

D. They develop extensive mathematical formulas.

9. The word "task” in the 4th paragraph is closest in meaning to....................

A. possibility B. position C. time D. job 10. Which o f the following statements is supported by the passage?

A. Computers have reduced the costs o f animation.

B. In the future, traditional artists will no longer be needed.

C. Artists are unable to produce drawings as high in quality as computer drawings.

D. Animation involves a wide range of technical and artistic skills.

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VI. READING PASSAGE 2 (PTS) Read the text below and choose the best answer to each question.

The response o f most animals when suddenly faced with a predator is to flee.

Natural selection has acted in a variety of ways in different species to enhance the efficacy of the behaviours, known as "flight behaviours" or escape behaviours that are used by prey in fleeing predators. Perhaps the most direct adaptation is enhanced light speed and agility.

Adaptations for speed, however, are likely to require sacrifices biter attributes, so we might expect only some species to adopt a simple fast flight strategy.

Another way o f enhancing the effectiveness o f flight is to move in an erratic and unpredictable way. Many species, like ptarm igans , snipes, and various antelopes and gazelles, flee from predators in a characteristic zigzag fashion.

Rapid unexpected changes in flight direction make it difficult for a predator to track prey.

In some species, like the European hare, erratic zigzag flight might be more effective in the presence of predators that are faster than they are and straight light more effective against predators that are slower. One observation that supports this suggestion is the recorded tendency for slow-flying black-beaded gulls, which are normally able to escape predators by means o f direct flight, to show frequent changes in flight direction when they spot a peregrine falcon (peregrines are adept at capturing flying birds).

A quite different way o f enhancing escape by flight is to use so-called "flash" behaviour. Here, the alarmed prey flees for a short distance and then "freezes."

Some predators are unexcited by immobile prey, and a startling flash o f activity followed by immobility may confuse them. "Flash" behaviour is used in particular by frogs and orthopteran insects, which make conspicuous jumps and then sit immobile. In some species, "flash" behaviour is enhanced by the display o f bright body markings. Good examples o f insects with colourful markings are the red and yellow underwing moths. At rest, both species are a cryptic brown color. When they fly, however, brightly coloured hind wings are exposed, which render the moths highly conspicuous. Similarly, some frogs and lizards have brightly coloured patches or frills that may serve a 'flash" function when they move quickly. Some species even appear to possess "flash" sounds. The loud buzzing and clicking noises made by some grasshoppers when they jum p may serve to emphasize the movement.

1. The word "enhance" is closest in meaning to..........

A. encourage B. resist C. increase D. reveal 2. The description o f the prey's movement as "zigzag " suggests that the movement is...........

A. reliable B. fast C. constant D. unpredictable 129

3. It can be inferred from the passage that the European hare.........

A. is faster than most o f its predators B. is capable o f two kinds of flight C. is more likely to escape using straight flight D. is preyed upon by gulls and falcons 4. The behaviour of black-beaded gulls is most comparable to that of.......

A. gazelles B. European hares C. peregrine falcons D. frogs 5. It can be inferred that black-beaded gulls change direction when they spot a peregrine falcon for which o f the following reasons?

A. The falcons are faster than the gulls.

B. The gulls want to capture the falcons.

C. The falcons are unpredictable.

D. The gulls depend on the falcons for protection.

6. The word "alarmed" is closest in meaning to..........

A. moving B. selected C. frightened D. exhausted 7. All o f the followings are mentioned as characteristics o f "flash” behaviour EX CEPT...........

A. brief conspicuous activity B. immobility C. bright body markings D. aggressive fighting 8. The phrase "in particular" is closest in meaning to...........

A. especially B. with difficulty C. expertly D. frequently 9. The hind wings of red and yellow underwing moths function in a way that is most similar to...........

A. the hind wings o f peregrine falcons B. the zigzag flight of European hares C. the colored patches on frogs D. the clicking o f grasshoppers 10. Why does the author mention "grasshopper" in the last line?

A. To contrast animals that "flash" with animals that "freeze".

B. As an example o f an animal whose "flash" behaviour is a sound.

C. To compare the jumping behaviour o f insects and reptiles.

D. As an example o f a predator that moths escape by using "flash” behavior.

VII. GUIDED CLOZE 1 (5 PTS) Read the text below and decide which answer best fits each space.

THOMAS EDISON On the night o f 21st October, millions o f Americans took part in a coast-tocoast ceremony to commemorate the passing o f a great man, Lights (1) ............ in homes and offices from New York to California. The ceremony ( 2 ) ................. the death of arguably the most important inventor of all time: Thomas Alva Edison.

Few inventors have (3) .................such an impact on everyday life, and many o f his inventions played a crucial (4) .................in the development o f modern

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technology. One should never ( 5 ) .................how revolutionary some o f Edison's inventions were.

In any ways, Edison is the perfect example o f an inventor - that is, not just someone who (6) ................. up clever gadgets, but someone whose products transform the lives o f millions. He possessed the key characteristics that an inventor needs to (7) ................. a success o f inventions, notably sheer determination. Edison famously tried thousands o f materials while working on a new type o f battery reading to failure by cheerfully (8) .................to his colleagues; “ Well, (9) ..................we know 8.000 things that don't work.”

Knowing when to take no notice o f experts is also important. Edison's proposal for electric lighting circuitry was (10) .................with total disbelief by eminent scientists, until he lit up whose streets with his lights.

1. A. turned out B. came off D. put off C. went out 2. A. marked B. distinguished C. noted D. indicated 3. A. put B. had D. set C.served 4. A. effect B. place D. share C. role 5. A. underestimate B. lower D. misled C. decrease 6. A. creates B.shapes C. dreams D. forms 7. A. gain B. make C. achieve D. get 8. A. announcing B. informing C. instructing D. notifying 9. A. by far B. at least C. even though D. for all 10. A. gathered B.caught C. drawn D. received VIII. GUIDED CLOZE 2 (5 PTS) Read the text below and decide which answer best fits each space.

As the twenty-first century approaches, it seems that more and more people are leading increasingly hectic and stressful lives. This leaves little, if any, time for ( 1 ) .................activities. All too often, it appears that any interest that we may have in sporting activities will disappear when our lifestyle becomes more stressful, but many people ( 2 ) ........to realize that a few hours put aside to enjoy a sport each week can actually ( 3 ) ............ stress levels. Another ( 4 ) .............that is associated with doing a sport is a general improvement in health. This, in turn, can lead to weight loss, due to the fact that fat is (5) ............ when our heartbeat (6) ............... above a certain level. However, as with everything, there are certain drawbacks to taking part in a sport, the main one being that it can (7) ................ to serious injury. The main reasons for this are that we have not taken the time to warm up properly or that we are not properly supervised in our chosen sport. In addition, it is very easy to (8) .................the heart if exercise is suddenly taken up after not having participated in any form o f physical activity for a long period o f time. Taking all this into account, sporting activities can be extremely beneficial to our health provided they are (9) .................out with care and under correct supervision and are not ( 1 0 ) .................to an extreme.

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1. A. free 2. A. overlook 3. A. reduce 4. A. benefit 5. A. burnt 6. A. arises 7. A. end up 8. A. break 9. A. carried 10. A. dragged

B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B.

leisure miss remove profit vanished raises result exhaust worked led

C. spare C. fail C. shorten C. favour C. left C. rises C. give C. sprain C .done C. taken

D. D. D. D. D. D. D. D. D. D.

blank forget break down help taken progresses lead strain run forced

I. C L O Z E T E S T : Read the text below and th in k of the w ord which best fits each space. Use only ONE WOORD for each space.

OPEN CLOZE 1. (10 PTS) Thorough the centuries, people have continued to develop faster and more efficient ways o f communicating. These various methods have developed to the (1) that we can communicate with people anywhere in the world at the ( 2 ) .............................. o f a button.

In the past, fires or beacons lit on hilltops (3) ...............................used to warn or signal to others. Pigeons, which can be depended on to return to their place of origin, were trained to carry messages, and human messengers. (4) .................on foot or on horseback, allowed people to keep in touch with loved ones - or enemies - who were far away. Surprisingly, one o f the most reliable (5) ............ o f communication is also one o f the oldest. The postal system, which has excited (6) .......................... the 7th century B.C., was originally a Chinese creation based (7 ) ........................a system of messengers and couriers. As travel and commerce expanded, so (8) .............................. the postal system, and advances in transport and technology, such as the telegraph and aeroplanes, were ultilised.

In this century, the rate o f development has increased dramatically, especially with the introduction o f the telephone. This has not ( 9 ) ...............................enabled us to speak to each other in our houses or offices, but has also led to the development of a new generation o f communication technology. The fax, the mobile phone and the Internet are all dependent on the telephone system and allow us to communicate instantly, ( 1 0 ) .............................. we may be.

OPEN CLOZE 2. (10 PTS) Many people remember the m en's 100 metre final in the 1992 Olympics for Linford Christie’s astonishing look of determination. Christie was psychologically ready for winning and this gave him an advantage (1) ........................ his competitions. In top-level sport it is now the mental capacities o f athletes which 132

have the biggest impact on (2) ................... wins and loses. When suffering from stress, athletes can experience a sudden, dramatic loss o f performance.

Nowadays, they are under more stress than ever. The financial stakes are high if you win a gold medal in a main event at today's Olympics, you can confidently expect to become a millionaire. (3) ......................... if you lose, you get nothing.

Sports psychologists teach athletes to replace negative thoughts with positive (4) ......................... Some athletes use breathing exercises and think about certain words to help them relax and stop (5) ........................thinking destructive things which could affect their performance. For hurdlers, like Sally Gunnell, the 400metre hurdles is so tough that it can only (6) ........................physically practised 10 to 15 times a season. If, however, the athletes are ( 7 ) ................... to “visualise" the race in their head, they can prepare their brain for the event ( 8 ) ........................ practising over and over again. But the main importance o f (9) ........................ exercises is that if athletes continually receive images of success, they are far more ( 1 0 ) ........................ to succeed in real life.

II. W ORD FORM ATION (20 PTS) PART 1: Com plete each sentence, using the correct form of the word in parentheses.

1. Couldn't you provide us with a m o r e .......................................scheme? The one you have just devised is not sensible at all. (PRACTICE) 2 ........................................at this school is severely punished, so remember to mind your manners both during the lessons and outside the classroom. (OBEY) 3. The m o s t ................... feature o f his character is his great generosity. (STAND) 4. It's Frank's ....................................... that drives his parents crazv. Thev can't even persuade him to brush his teeth in the morning. (OBSTINATE) 5. The witness claimed she was capable o f discovering the m an’s evil intentions from t h e ................................... look in his eyes. (MURDER) 6. Chris has got a ( n ) .........................................sense of humour and that's why he is so welcome in very company. (EXCEPT) 7. Very soon their noisy parties became ......................................... to the neighbours who asked the police to intervene. (TOLERATE) 8. Patricia’s skill in playing the piano is quite ............................................No other child in this group can play the difficult pieces with similar mastery.

(COMPARE) 9. W e w o n ’t b e a b l e to b u y a n y t h i n g i f w e d o n ' t h a v e a n y ...............................................

currency on us. (CONVERT) 10. The b o y ' s ....................................... behaviour was the primary reason for which he was expelled from school. (OBJECT)

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PART 2: Com plete the passage with appropriate forms of the words given in the box.

able life

extend benefit

keep capture

credible majesty

day stimulate

ELEPHANT TRAINING If you are traveling in Thailand and have a taste o f adventure, you can now participate in an unusual kind of activity. For an ( 1 ) ................. modest sum, you can spend a few days at an elephant conservation centre training to be a mahout or elephant driver. Be prepared to get wet, however, because you spend most of the day atop an elephant, during which time this ( 2 ) ............................... beast can take up to three baths!

Primarily set up in an endeavour to preserve the Thai elephant, the centre offers such activities to tourists as a means o f funding itself. Nevertheless, its training programme remains strictly in (3) ..........................with the traditions of Kachasart, the ancient method of studying elephants, and the mahouts that work with the elephants build up a close, (4) .......................... relationship with them, founded on mutual respect and love.

The type o f traing depends on the ( 5 ) .................that different animals display, and care is taken not to overtire them. Training is believed to be ( 6 ) .................to the elephants, providing them with physical and mental (7) ..................................

Their well-being is of utmost importance, and the success o f the centre’s breeding programme bears witness to this.

While it may not be ideal to keep such magnificent beasts in ( 8 ) .....................

- and the centre has come in for plenty of criticism - (9) ........................................ deforestation has left wild elephants struggling to survive in habitats that are shrinking almost on a ( 1 0 ) ....................................... basis. The centre offers them a sanctuary - for the time being at least.

III. E R R O R C O R R E C T I O N (10 PTS) T he following passage contains 10 erro rs. Identify and c o rre c t them .

Line 1

Air pollution is a cause o f ill-health in human beings. In a lot o f c o u n t r i e s t h e r e h a v e la w s l i m itin g t h e a m o u n t o f s m o k e w h i c h f a c to r i e s

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can produce. Despite there isn’t enough information on the effects of smoke in the atmosphere, doctors have proved that air pollution causes lung diseases. The gases from the exhaust o f cars have also increasing air pollution in most cities. The lead in petrol products a poisonous gas which often collects in busy streets surrounding by high buildings.

Children who live in areas that there is a lot o f lead in the atmosphere cannot think as quick as other children and are clumsy when they use

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them hands. There are other long-term affects o f pollution. If the gases in the atmosphere continue to increase, the earth's climate may become warmest. A lot o f the ice near the Poles may melt and may cause serious floods.

IV. SENTENCE TRANSFO RM ATION. (20PTS) Rewrite the following sentences using the words given.

1. 1 couldn’t do anything but suspend the driver’s licence, (no option) I ........................................................................................................................

2. The new deal has introduced many changes in the cooperation.

M any a .........................................................................................................

3. Mr. Green is always punctual, (dead) 4. Ann suspects this man o f stealing her watch.

Ann h a s .................................................................................................

5. She demands that the garden should be weeded now. (insistent) 6. If you hope to be a good driver, you mustn't break the traffic regulations, (abide) 7. It is more than probable that they have had problems with their car.

In a l l ....................... ......................................................................................................

8. Alfred put on his raincoat because he didn’t want to get soaked.

For f e a r ........................................................................................................................

9. Can the conflict be only solved by force?

Isn’t th e r e .................................................................................................................. ?

10. If the weather is fine, we may go camping at the weekend, (perm itting)

TRƯỜNG THPT CHUYÊN BẾN TRE - BẾN TRE

ĩĩ . PHẦN TRĂC NGHIÊM I. PHONOLOGY (5 điểm) Choose the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from that of the others in each group.

D. passage impressive 1. A. possession B. massage D. threat heal B. meant 2. A. dealt preparation D. shyness B. invention 3. A. eventually D. sacred learned B. changed 4. A. ragged c . stops D. mouths B. chiefs 5. A. interests

c. c. c. c.

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