HARA ISO 26262: What is HARA and Why is it Required?

HARA by ISO 26262 Standard | Functional Safety

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ISO 26262 is a Globally Recognized standard for the design and development of automotive E/E systems. It is a framework that makes Functional Safety, a part of the automotive product development life-cycle.

ISO 26262 standard deals with different aspects of the functional safety in Automotive. It is designed to eliminate any unacceptable risk to the human life.

This journey of eliminating the risk starts with identification and analysis of the hazards and assessment of the risks associated with the hazards.

This particular step or process of identification and analysis is known as HARA (Hazard Analysis and Risk Assessment).

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What is HARA and Why is it Required?

Hazard Analysis and Risk Assessment is mentioned in the Part-3 of ISO 26262 standard document. The purpose behind HARA is to identify the malfunctions that could possibly lead to E/E system hazards and assess the risk associated with them.

The following examples of the possible hazardous events, will help us understand the importance of identifying these hazards: •

The LDW gets activated automatically, even when the car is not changing lanes. This may cause the driver to lose control of the car.

•

Required Alert from the LDW system is not displayed on the dashboard (Driver may assume that LDW is working and may react late)

•

LDW warns the driver, but the warning lights do not get activated. An accident may occur.

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Who Should Shoulder the Responsibility for HARA

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Step-1: Item Definition The Item Definition Constitutes of the following: •

Name of item and the descriptions

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Core Technology on which the item works (Electronic/Electrical/Mechanic etc.)

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Interfaces to other functions (both external and internal)

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Safety requirements and known failure-modes

•

Functional dependency of one item on others

Step-2: Safety Lifecycle Initiation This is more of a transitionary step. At this stage, this it is ascertained that whether a new item is being developed or modifications are being made to an existing item.

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Step-3: Hazard Analysis and Risk Assessment At this stage, the functional safety engineers are aware of the items and their functions.

A guideword denoting such a scenario may be “reverse”.

• • •

Once the malfunction is identified, it is described using a hazard description in order to elaborate the issue.

The scenario in which such malfunction occurs is described under Operational Scenario. The scenarios can be Idle, Acceleration, Braking etc.

Similarly, the Operational Mode is also specified for the malfunctions. The modes can be Vehicle Parked, Vehicle Idle, Vehicle moving at low-speed/high speed, and son on and so forth.

The Hazards derived during HARA are classified under three categories: •

Exposure (E): The measure of possibility of a system to fail or be in a hazardous situation.

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Controllability (C): Determines the extent to which the driver of the vehicle can control the vehicle, if a safety goal is breached due to failure or malfunctioning of any automotive component.

•

Severity (S): The extent of harm that may be caused to the driver and other occupants, in the instance of occurrence of a hazard.

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Understanding Safety Goals in terms of Automotive Functional Safety The process of finding the safety goals can be summarized in the following steps: •

Identification of all the relevant hazards

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Identification of operational scenarios, modes, and environmental conditions etc.

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Combine Situations and the Hazardous Events

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Perform classification of Hazardous Events

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Identify Safety Goals that cover all Hazardous Events Hazard Desc

ASL

The LDW function activates in a condition which is in valid. It suppresses intentional steering manouvers.

ASIL-D

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Safety Goal Driver should be able to cancel the LDW by moving steering in counteractive

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