Another Random Scribd Document with Unrelated Content
Incontinency, compurgation for, 87
India, communal organization in, 14 use of oaths, 25 evidence of friends and kinsmen excluded, 38 duel to avert battles, 104 judicial duel not used, 108 limitations on witnesses, 122 champions allowed in ordeals, 179 ordeals of pre-Aryan races, 258, 291, 344 oaths as ordeals, 267 ordeal of fire, 267 complicated ordeal system, 268 is a religious ceremony, 269, 280 ordeal of boiling oil, 283 of red-hot iron, 289 of fire, 303 relics tested by fire, 314 ordeal of cold water, 319 of balance, 334 of endurance, 339 of rice, 344 of cosha, or idol-water, 344 of chance, 352 of poison, 375 only for doubtful characters, 384 either party can undergo the ordeal, 384 minimum limit of ordeals, 391 torture unknown, 431
Infamy of champions, 187 ordeal in cases of, 388
Influence of torture on judges, 534
Informers, responsibility of, in Rome, 440, 446 under Wisigoths, 459
Injustice of ordeal, explanation of, 401
Innocent I. on use of torture, 477
Innocent II. prescribes compurgation, 62, 71 forbids clerics to fight, 156
Innocent III. modifies compurgatorial oaths, 71 orders purgation for heresy, 89 on failure in duel, 137 forbids clerics to fight, 156, 158 his relation to the duel, 208 suppresses the ordeal, 418
Innocent IV. forbids clerical duels in France, 159 orders torture to discover heresy, 484
Innocent VIII. on torture of clerics in England, 566
Inquest of Fame, 71
Inquests, torture not used in, 499, 512
Inquisition, its use of compurgation, 89 its use of torture, 483 extortion of confession, 485 its influence on use of torture, 486, 512 restricted by Council of Vienne, 511 torture to discover accomplices, 516
Inquisition of State in Venice, 507
Inquisitorial Process, the, 512 becomes general, 499 not used in Poland, 509 retained in Germany, 581
Inquisitors dispensed for use of torture, 484
Insane, the, exempt from torture, 528
Inscription of accuser in Rome, 440, 446 under Wisigoths, 459
Intervention of God expected in the duel, 135
Inundation of 1219 caused by ordeals, 422
Inverness exempted from duel, 201
Involuntary perjury, penance for, 31
Ipswich, selection of conjurators in, 49
Ireland, solidarity of the family in, 15 levying of fines, 18 tribal responsibility, 42 judicial duel among the Feini, 109 duel in 1583, 243 inspiration of judges, 272 hot-water ordeal in, 273 hot-iron ordeal for women, 292 ordeal of the lot, 354 of the oath, 374 use of the Clog Oir, 397
Irregular ordeals, 377
Irregularity of clerics, 484
Iron bands used as an ordeal, 377
Iron ordeal (see Red-hotiron).
Isaac, assassin of Charles the Good, 474
Isidor of Seville on perjury, 31
Islam, reduplicated oaths, 29 accusations of adultery, 46 oaths as ordeals in, 263
Italy (see also LombardLaw, SicilianConstitutions). conjurators to confirm witnesses, 56 challenging of witnesses, 120 Otho II. enlarges the sphere of the duel, 131 cases admitting the duel, 141
the Church subjected to the duel, 155, 160 jurisdiction of the Church over duel, 163 oaths preliminary to the duel, 166 penalty for defeat in duel, 169 duels fought to the end, 178 champions always employed, 182 as a profession, 189 restrictions on use of, 189 equalization of, 194 abrogation of duel, 235 bier-right, 365 ordeals prohibited in Naples, 422 in 15th century, 425 reappearance of torture, 481, 484 its development, 506 its abolition, 586
Itzehoe, case of bier-right in, 365
Ivan III., torture introduced by, 509
Ivo of Chartres, distrust of compurgation, 61 refuses to grant the duel, 162 his opinion of the ordeal, 401, 412 claims exemption of ordeal for priests, 414 on extorted confessions, 478
Jacintus, his hot-water ordeal, 279
Jacob’s Review of the Statutes, 86
James I. grants the duel, 240 approves of ordeal for witches, 330 his belief in bier-right, 361 torture under, 567, 568 his torture of Dr. Fian, 573
Jamnuggur, ordeal in 1867, 284
Janssen, Hendrik, torture of, 578
Jardine on torture in England, 566
Jarnac, his duel with La Chastaigneraye, 106
Japan, judicial duel in, 108 ordeals in, 253 use of torture, 432
Jayme I. (Aragon) restricts torture, 462 prohibits the duel, 214
Jeanne de Bourgogne, offers the combat, 226
Jeffniteed, 97
Jehan de Warlus, case of, 501
Jerusalem, Assisses de, 75 on use of counsel, 70 reject negative proofs, 74 no compurgation, 75 women cannot be witnesses, 122 limitations on duel, 143 limit of value for duel, 148 discrimination of race in, 151 champions supplied to the poor, 152 no duel in mercantile law, 165 lextalionisenforced, 170 penalty of defeat for women, 173 champions as witnesses, 183 punishment of defeated champion, 184 red-hot iron ordeal plebeian, 292 use of iron ordeal, 298 ordeal for all suspects, 388 reappearance of torture, 480
Jew, duel with, ordered by the Virgin, 209 ordeal to convert, 296
Jews (see also Hebrews). their liability to the duel, 149, 151
asking pardon of a corpse, 360 convicted by bier-right, 362 ordeal of brambles for, 382 torture of, by King John, 477 in Bourges, 492 mode of executing them, 503
John XII. challenged by Bishop Liutprand, 129
John, King (England), favors the duel, 241 tortures Jews, 477
John, King (France), abrogates compurgation, 78
John, Bishop of Avranches, recognizes the ordeal, 412
John, Bishop of Didymoteichos, 402
John of Coldinghame, 191
John of Freiburg on duel in episcopal courts, 165
John of Freiburg—denounces ordeals, 420
Jonah, use of lot, 262
Jonathan, case of, 262
Joseph II. abolishes torture, 581
Jovemlapidemjurare, 270
Judaism (see Hebrews).
Judges decide as to compurgators, 53 challenging of, 123 royal, not liable to appeal, 126 discretion in granting duel, 140, 146 inspiration of, in Islam, 263 inspiration of, among Feini, 272 responsibility for torture under Wisigoths, 458, 460 in Castile, 465, 467 in Italy, 507 in France, 515
in Germany, 523 responsibility elusory, 533
using torture liable for homicide in England, 565 cannot be witnesses, 509
everything left to their discretion, 533, 538, 541, 549 abuse of their discretion, 545 influence of torture on, 534 their abuse of torture, 539 their neglect of favoring evidence, 544
Judgment of God expected, 250 faith reposed in, 102 appealed to by Hebrews, 261
Judgment reversed, penalty of, 124, 126 of blood forbidden to clerics, 471
Judicial duel, 101
Judiciummeans ordeal, 298
Judiciumcrucis, 336
Judiciumferri, 287
Judiciumoffæ, 339
Juise, 287, 298
Julius (Pseudo) forbids evidence of accomplices, 515
Julius II., his bull against duels, 236
Juradejuicio, 22
Juramentumsupermortuum, 55
Juratores(see Conjurators).
Jurisdiction over duel, profits of, 218 over ordeals, its advantages, 415
Jury and ordeal combined, 388
Jury-trial, rise of, 48
as substitute for duel, 144 for pleaders unable to fight, 192 in Denmark, 562 influence of, on the duel, 241 in England, 564
Juscruentationis, 359
Jusferetri, 359
JusProvincialeAlamannicum(see Schwabenspiegel).
JusProvincialeSaxonicum(see Sachsenspiegel).
Jusjuranduminjure, 21, 22
Jusiers, church of, its exemption, 158
Justice, tardy recognition of, 13
Justinian orders torture for adultery, 439 enforces the talio, 440 orders torture of witnesses, 441
Kai Kaoos orders fire ordeal, 266
Kalabarese ordeals, 254
Katrington, his duel, 179
Kayser-Recht, duel limited in, 205 denounces the duel, 212 no allusion to torture, 480
Keller, Fried., opposes torture, 576
Keurede Bruges, 203
KeyserRetenn, 563
Khandogya Upanishad, its explanation of the ordeal, 267
Khonds, ordeals among the, 258
Kilty on duel in Maryland, 247
Kincaid, a witch-pricker, 571
King vs.Williams, case of, 86
Kinship a bar to duel, 141
Kinsmen, responsibility of, 14, 18, 19 their evidence, 38 not admitted in Castile, 465 as compurgators, 38, 40, 45, 48, 50 as champions, 180 witness not tortured against, 542
Knighthood, oath of, 186
Knipschild on torture of nobles, 526
Knox, John, on Bothwell’s challenge, 240
Koran, accusation of adultery in, 46
Kraku Hreidar, 111
Kshatriya caste, oaths required of, 25
La Chastaigneraye, his duel with Jarnac, 106
Lactantius, his account of persecution, 437
Ladislas, St., prevents collusion in ordeal, 405 regulates fees for ordeals, 416
Lafon, Mary, on affaireCalas, 585
Lagfestemen, 41
Lambert of Redenberg, case of, 401
Lambert of Tuscany, his duel, 128
Lamoignon on counsel for accused, 517
Lance of St. Andrew, case of, 308
Lancelotti prescribes compurgation, 93
Land, communal holding of, 14
acquired by duel, 111, 211
Land-titles decided by ordeal of cross, 339
Lang, J. P., on cold-water ordeal for witches, 330
Languedoc, use of torture in, 495
Laon, theft of sacred vessels of, 136, 324, 474
Lascaris, Theod., invents a torture, 554
La Seauve, Abbey of, its revenue from ordeals, 415
Lateran, council of, 1216, on heresy, 89 forbids clerics to fight, 156 forbids the duel, 208 forbids priestly ministration in ordeals, 419 on purgation of heresy, 484
Latins, ordeals disused among, 270
Lausanne, chapter of, adjudges the duel, 162
Law means compurgation, 57 personal, not territorial, 131
Lawyers, advantage of employing, 70 exempt from torture in Castile, 467
Laymen as compurgators for clerics, 44 sin of shaving by, 403
Lebanon, Ills., bier-right in, 368
Ledesma, case of bier-right in, 366
Legislation, secular, against ordeals, 421
Legislative functions of duel, 129, 133
Legitimacy proved by ordeal, 273, 381
Le Gris and Carrouges, duel of, 229
Lemarinier, Jehan, case of, 517
Lemgow, cold-water ordeal in, 327
Lent, ordeal administered in, 410
Leo III. (Pope) clears himself by compurgation, 35 cold-water ordeal ascribed to, 321
Leo IV. forbids ordeal of lot, 353
Leo X., his prohibition of duels, 236
Leopold, Gr. Duke, abolishes torture, 586
Leper cured by St. Martin’s relics, 380 battle not allowed to, 141
Lescouslouroi, 163
Lescar, Bishop of, uses the ordeal, 295
Lèsemajesté, first recognition of, in France, 495 its appearance in England, 564
Lessingon, patronage of church of, 119
Leudastes, case of, 454
Lexapparensandsimplex, 148
LexGundebalda, 112
LexMonachorum, 412
Lextalionis(see Talio).
Lhotka, assembly of, 355
Libo, prosecution of, 443
Lie as preliminary to duel, 229
Liége, Bishop of, demands the duel, 160 use of torture in, 505
Liguaire, St., quarrel over his relics, 354
Life not to be jeoparded in torture, 465, 467
Lilburn and Claxton, case of, 244
Lille, responsibility of kindred, 19 formula of compurgation in, 78 torture not used in, 498
Lillebonne, council of, 1080, on clerical duellists, 156 on fees for ordeals, 416
Lima, fees for torturing in, 511
Limitations on the duel, 140 on use of champions, 189 on torture in Rome, 445 in Castile, 465 none in Châtelet of Paris, 500 in Italy, 506 disregarded, 526
Limbs not to be crippled in torture, 465, 467
Lindisfarne, unchaste priest of, 346
Lioba, St., undergoes ordeal of cross, 337
Lists, biers placed in, 172
Litus, his right to duel, 148
Liutgarda forced to duel, 123
Liutprand (King), on perjury of compurgators, 63 restricts judicial duel, 114
Liutprand, Bishop, his challenges, 129
Liutprand convicts Grossolano by ordeal, 306
Livonians asked to be relieved from ordeals, 423
LivredeJosticeetdePletrequires compurgation, 76 no reference to torture, 488
Ljot the Pale, 111
Loaf of bread, ordeal of, 357
Lombard law rules for compurgation, 47, 50, 53 withdrawal of confession, 52 oath of compurgators, 58 ceremony of compurgation, 60 witnesses outweigh conjurators, 62 perjury of compurgators, 63
Otho II. limits compurgation, 67 judicial duel, 113
Otho II. extends use of duel, 118, 131 duel allowed to the guilty, 131 minimum limit for duel, 147 right of slaves to duel, 148 liability of clerics to duel, 155 penalty for defeat in duel, 168 kinsmen as champions, 180 champions always employed, 181 freedmen or clients, 186 restrictions on use of champions, 189 use of hot-water ordeal, 283 cold-water ordeal prohibited, 322 for slaves, 322 duel for cases of sorcery, 326 ordeal of cross prohibited, 338
London, exemption from duel granted, 201
Loquetier, Nicholas, case of, 493
Lord and vassal, no duel between, 146
Lorraine, Dukes of, their rights over duel, 238
Lorris, oaths in laws of, 23 fines for withdrawing from duel, 144
Lot, ordeal of the, 352 among Hebrews, 261
in Greece, 270
Lothair, King, his divorce from Teutberga, 281 dies of ordeal of Eucharist, 349
Lothair I. (Emp.), formula of compurgation, 53 prohibits cold-water ordeal, 322 prohibits ordeal of cross, 338
Lothair II., his use of torture, 475
Loudon, charter of, 391
Louis le Débonnaire tries Pascal I., 37 on selection of conjurators, 51 compurgation in lack of evidence, 53 on penalty for defeat, 167 condemns cold-water ordeal, 321 prohibits ordeal of cross, 338 orders freemen present at mallum, 472
Louis II. (Emp.), compurgation in lack of evidence, 53 decides cases in favor of Siena, 56
Louis IV. (Emp.), his charter to Dortmund, 205 punishes Ueberlingen, 363
Louis d’Outremer offers duel to Hugh Capet, 130
Louis VI. (France) grants charter of Loudun, 391
Louis VII., his charter to Lorris, 23 exempts the church of Jusiers, 158
Louis VIII., his charter to Crespy, 203
Louis IX. on use of oaths, 23 makes clients responsible for advocates, 70 his Établissements, 76 restricts challenging of judges, 125 prohibits duel between brothers, 141 enforces the lextalionis, 170 his struggle with feudalism, 216
his restriction of the duel, 217 punishes Enguerrand de Coucy, 221 torture not in his laws, 488 gives facilities for defence, 512
Louis X. endeavors to repress the duel, 227 orders cold-water ordeal for sorcery, 326 maintains use of torture, 494
Louis XIV. revises the torture process, 517
Louis XVI. abolishes torture in France, 585
Louis of Saxony, his use of the ordeal, 400
Lourdes exempted from duel, 202
Low vs.Paramore, case of, 139, 243
Lowe’s case, torture in, 571
Lubeck, introduction of torture in, 483
Lucerne, case of bier-right, 363
Lucius III. annuls judgment by ordeal, 418
Lucretius quoted for bier-right, 360
Ludlow, ordeal of Bible and key, 357
Luitzes, their duel with Saxons, 131
Lust, unnatural, torture for, in Rome, 439
Lycanthropy, prolonged torture for, 529
Lyons, council of, 1080, on simony, 62 Archbishop of, uses ordeal for heretics, 411
Macarius, St., his appeal to God, 251
Maci, Jehannin, case of, 501
Madagascar, ordeals in, 256
Madrid, compurgation in fuero of, 75
Magdeburg, thieves convicted by the duel, 135
Magi use fire-test on swaddling cloth of Christ, 315
Magic arts in duel, 139 in ordeal, 407, 410 torture in trials for, 469, 554
Magicians lose their specific gravity, 325, 334 tortured in Rome, 439 their evidence not received, 523
Magna Charta, no allusion to torture in, 564
Mahabharata, the, 14
Mahomet on accusations of adultery, 46 on interposition of God, 262
Mahuot and Plouvier, duel of, 232
Maiming, permanent, prerequisite for duel, 142
Mainz, council of, 847, ordeal for slaves, 394 council of, 848, prescribes iron ordeal, 291 councils of, 888 and 1028, prescribe the ordeal, 410 Templars offer the ordeal, 299
Majestas, torture in, 435, 438, 443 its extension, 436
Majjars, ordeals introduced among, 277
Majorca, duel prohibited, 214 ordeal prohibited, 424
Mallum, regulations for holding it, 471
Manasses of Reims deposed for simony, 62
Manava Dharma Sastra, village communities in, 14 oaths prescribed in, 25 on perjury, 267 ordeals described in, 268
Mandeure, ordeal of staff in, 396
Manichæan defeated by fire ordeal, 304
Manorial courts, compurgation in, 57
Mansuetus, St., power of his intercession, 378
Mantra in Hindu ordeals, 289 for cold-water ordeal, 319 for ordeal of balance, 335 for poison ordeal, 375
Manuscripts tested by fire, 313
Marches, Scottish, duel universal, 145 liability of clerics to duel, 158 death does not release from duel, 174
Marcus Aurelius, his exemptions from torture, 438
Maresca, Marc Antonio, case of, 520
Maria Theresa, torture in her laws, 580
Marguerite de la Pinele, case of, 503
Marmoutiers, Abbey of, case of, 404
Marne, jurisdiction of duel at, 163
Marriage, compurgation to prove nullity, 93 tested by ordeal, 336, 410
Marshal’s court, the, regulates duels, 241
Marschalck, his duel, 172
Marsigli, Hipp. de’, his case of bier-right, 365 his torture of sleeplessness, 535 on abuse of torture, 539
Martial, St., of Limoges, perjury on his altar, 373
Martin of Austrasia, 29
Martin, St., vindicates his relics, 380
his cope used in compurgation, 60
Martin II. forbids duel of Charles of Anjou, 106
Mary, wife of Otho III., story of, 293
Mary, Queen, torture under, 568
Maryland, compurgation in, 88 appeal of death in, 247
Mass as part of the ordeal, 413 mortuary, in ritual of ordeal, 394
Massachusetts, appeal of death in, 246 use of torture in, 569 peineforteetdure, 575
Masserano, Marquis of, 531
Master’s oath clears a slave, 22, 390
Master and serf, no duel between, 146 his consent necessary to his serf’s duel, 149 slaves not tortured against, in Rome, 442 except in treason, 443 other exceptions, 444 under Ostrogoths, 457 under Wisigoths, 459 in Spain, 464 repaid for damage to tortured slave in Rome, 445 among Barbarians, 452 under Wisigoths, 458 in Castile, 468
Maternal kindred as compurgators, 45
Mathieu le Voyer sues Louis IX., 219
Matthias Corvinus restricts the duel, 237
Maubourguet exempted from duel, 203
Maumarel, Guillaume, 157
Maur, St., perjury on his relics, 273
Maximilian I. restricts compurgation, 81
Maximus on crimes involving torture of slave against master, 444
Mazdeism, ordeals in, 265, 295 torture not prescribed in, 431
Mecklenburg, ordeal introduced into, 277
Medina del Pomar exempted from duel, 202 ordeals prohibited, 424
Melanesians, judicial duel among, 108
Men, hot-iron or water ordeal for, 292
Menelaus and Paris, their duel, 108
Mennonites, use of the lot by, 355
Mental torture efficacious, 543
Mercantile law, duel not recognized in, 165 adverse to use of torture, 483 torture used in, 530
Merchants, multiple oaths by, 28 exempted from the duel, 204
Merida, council of, 666, on torture by priests, 554
Merovingian laws, accusatorial conjurators, 94 ordeal for slaves, 453 of the lot prescribed, 353 in absence of evidence, 386 precautions against collusion in ordeals, 405
Merovingians, torture used by, 454
Merseburg, thieves convicted by the duel, 135
Messalina, her torture of patricians, 439
Metz, Bishop of, has jurisdiction over duel, 164
Mexico, ordeal of oath in, 259
Michael Palæologus condemned to ordeal, 299
Milan, disappearance of duel in, 236 fire ordeal in, 306 restrictions on torture in, 506
Miles the Stammerer, his duel, 138
Milhaud, torture used in, 499
Minimum limit of value for duel, 147 for ordeals, 391 for ordeal in India, 290
Mir, the Russian, 15
Miracle, endurance of torture is a, 504
Miraculous hot-water ordeals, 285 red-hot iron ordeals, 301
Miralles, Archbishop, tests relics by fire, 317
Mirandola, limitations on torture in, 507
Miroir de Souabe, ordeals in, 424
Modena, iron ordeal in, 299
Bishop of, claims jurisdiction of duel, 163
Modestinus, his estimate of torture, 446
Modestus tortured by Fredegonda, 455
MoinedeCaen, 516
Monasteries, their interest in ordeals, 415 torture in, 560
Monks as compurgators for monks, 93 appear personally in duels, 156 torture of, 560, 568
Montaigne argues against torture, 576
Montano of Toledo, his ordeal, 305
Montargis, story of dog of, 228
Monte Cassino, test of relics by fire, 316
Montenegro, ordeal for witches, 333
Montesquieu denounces torture, 583
Montigny-le-Roi, ordeal for witches at, 331
Montfort, Simon de, restricts the duel, 208
Montpellier, limitation on duel, 146 on ordeal, 387
Montricher, Sire de, case of, 150
Monza, duel of abbey at, 158
Mt. Gerizim, its claims tested by fire, 314
Moore, Samuel, case of, 510
Morann, his miraculous chain, 272
Moravia, the duel in, 205
Mortuary mass in ritual of ordeal, 394
Motive extenuates perjury, 31, 268
Mowbray, Francis, condemned to the duel, 240
Mozarabic rite defended by duel, 132 tested by fire, 313
Mstislas Davidovich exempts merchants from the duel, 204
Muh-Wang, his instructions to his judges, 252
Multiple oaths, 28
Municipal champions, 196
Muratori on ordeal for witches, 332
Murder (see Homicide).
Mutilation of defeated champions, 184 under torture unusual, 532
Myagh, Thos., his torture, 569
Myrc, John, instructions to priests, 242
Name written on paper and used in ordeal, 398
Namur, council of, sustains the duel, 238
Naples (see SicilianConstitutions). fire ordeal in 1811, 317 ordeals prohibited in, 422 punishment for suspicion in, 520 torture after conviction, 546 modern torture in, 587
Natives can decline duel with strangers, 141
Navarre and Castile, proposed duel between, 129 late introduction of torture, 469
Neffnikyn, 41
Nefninge, 562
Negative proofs in Barbarian laws, 73 rejected, 74 unknown to Roman law, 272
Nehring, J. C., oil ordeal for witches, 331
Nempdarii, 563
Nero, his torture of Christians, 436
Netherlands, compurgation in, 81 ordeal of balance in, 335 bier-right in, 365 torture system in, 521 torture abolished in, 578
Welcome to Our Bookstore - The Ultimate Destination for Book Lovers
Are you passionate about testbank and eager to explore new worlds of knowledge? At our website, we offer a vast collection of books that cater to every interest and age group. From classic literature to specialized publications, self-help books, and children’s stories, we have it all! Each book is a gateway to new adventures, helping you expand your knowledge and nourish your soul
Experience Convenient and Enjoyable Book Shopping Our website is more than just an online bookstore—it’s a bridge connecting readers to the timeless values of culture and wisdom. With a sleek and user-friendly interface and a smart search system, you can find your favorite books quickly and easily. Enjoy special promotions, fast home delivery, and a seamless shopping experience that saves you time and enhances your love for reading. Let us accompany you on the journey of exploring knowledge and personal growth!
