DAN Team, Bary Coleman, Linda Ness, Duncan Pattenden, JoAnn Perry, Esther Jacobs from the Earth Legacy Foundation, Danel Wentzel, Cat Harris, Francois Burman, Gabriela Guberman, Kyle Kray, Adam Sokolski, Jacques Vieira, Madeline Coombs, Frauke Tillmans, Jessica B Adams, Tasmyn Signe, Alexander Wowra, Bi-me & Itoo Teams
Team
Morné Christou, Dr Frans Cronje
Cover Photograph
Photographer’s Name: Linda Ness
Equipment Used: Sony AR7 IV with a Sony 16-35mm f4 lens inside an Aquatech housing, natural light, no strobes
Location: South of Aliwal Shoal, under permit, somewhere along the North-South ancient sandstone underwater cliff edge where the Tiger sharks patrol the deep
This image is called “Great” - One of my most treasured times out to sea Every year, a small crew of us spend hours out to sea searching for the elusive Tiger Shark, who cruise into our warm waters in summer, from the North Cassie Weinberg, Skipper and Owner of Wetu Safaris, had dropped the eight of us off, in the late afternoon and moved away Tigers are very shy and it takes time for them to appear Andy, Alex, Tatum, Nats, Spikes, Casey, Tim, It was Nat’s birthday We floated quietly, roughly in a line downstream of the chum ball and the current It’s a contemplative time, ocean waiting Like a meditation, blue staring, snorkel-hollow breathing As often happens I start to focus closer on tiny gismos in the water, fiddle with the settings on my camera Aquatech does not give full access to my dials, as Nauticam does, so I have to think more I shoot full manual most times I felt the others move somehow, looked up, my eyes adjusted, and my conscious brain took a confused moment to realise I was staring at the profile of a Great White I don’t recall fear just amazement We are all experienced freedivers and naturally moved into a circular group, raising a hand to Cas as we would if there was a Tiger arrival He had no idea for a while She would cruise past and away, out of sight, then return and repeat I had the time to take enough images to be able to try a few different settings, each time she came a bit closer Scratched and gnarly, pied piper of the Remoras, midnight-blue stare, absoluteness Until it was uncomfortable, and we all realised that the risk for return of spending too much time with this wonderful fish in open water was probably at an end We called Cas over and quietly decamped from the ocean We laughed and marvelled and covered faces with hands in disbelief and joy, ate Nat’s birthday cake with salty fingers and all of us would never forget that time, ever
Contact
Website www dansa org
Advertising mail@dansorg
General mail@dansaorg
Phone +27-11-266-4900
Diving Emergencies +27-82-810-6010
@dansouthernafrica @divesafety @DANSAorg @dan sa org
FOR MANY DIVERS, THE THRILL OF ENCOUNTERING MARINE LIFE including species that can pose risks is part of the adventure While most interactions are uneventful, understanding how to minimise risks is crucial By being aware of their own behaviour and the behaviour of the animals they encounter, divers can significantly reduce the chance of injury However, the reality remains that no matter how cautious we are, marine life injuries can never be completely ruled out
PREPAREDNESS AND EDUCATION: THE KEYS TO SAFETY
Safety in diving is built on knowledge and preparation Divers Alert Network (DAN) Southern Africa is committed to equipping divers with the necessary resources to manage risks effectively Proper planning, understanding the basics of first aid for marine injuries, and ensuring adequate insurance coverage are essential steps in dealing with the rare but serious cases where injuries occur.
HAZARDOUS MARINE LIFE REFERENCE BOOK
DAN’s Health and Diving Reference Series is a collection of trusted digital publications developed through extensive research and real-world experience The Hazardous Marine Life reference book is an invaluable resource for Southern African divers, offering insights into potentially dangerous marine species, their injury mechanisms, and effective first aid measures
The book covers a range of topics, including envenomation’s, traumatic injuries, seafood poisoning, and preventative strategies to reduce risk Whether you're exploring the Indian Ocean coastline or diving off the Atlantic seaboard, having a reliable reference guide can make all the difference in ensuring a safe and enjoyable experience
DIVING FIRST AID TRAINING
Medical emergencies can happen anywhere
whether during a dive or in everyday life
Having first aid knowledge and incident management skills empowers individuals to take decisive action when it matters most
DAN’s Diving First Aid (DFA) course is the most comprehensive first aid training programme in the dive industry Designed by dive medicine experts and educators, the DFA course equips divers, dive professionals, and even non-divers with vital skills It combines DAN’s Basic Life Support and Emergency Oxygen training with instruction on neurological assessments and first aid for marine life injuries
If you haven’t yet completed a formal first aid course, DAN strongly encourages you to do so Visit DAN Southern Africa’s website or contact a local DAN-certified instructor to begin your training Being prepared can make all the difference in a critical moment.
DAN MEMBERSHIP: COVERAGE THAT MATTERS
Your DAN membership offers significant benefits, so take the time to understand what is included. As a member, you receive automatic enrolment in DAN Emergency Evacuation benefit, which provides emergency medical transportation coverage when you are more than 100 km from home and experience a medical emergency In the case of a life-threatening situation, always call local emergency services first and then contact DAN to coordinate assistance This benefit is only available if DAN is involved in arranging emergency transport
Additionally, DAN dive accident membership benefits provides coverage for medical expenses related to in-water accidents, regardless of depth This insurance is a valuable safety net for all divers, ensuring peace of mind on every dive For specific coverage details or inquiries, reach out to DAN Southern Africa’s Member Services team
EMERGENCY ACTION PLANS: A MUST FOR EVERY DIVER
Diving safely means being prepared for a range of potential incidents A well-structured emergency action plan (EAP) can significantly reduce uncertainty and improve response times in the event of an emergency
While most divers focus on common risks such as decompression sickness and equipment failures, it is equally important to prepare for encounters with hazardous marine life Incorporating marine life incidents into your EAP ensures that you and your dive team know exactly how to respond should the need arise
Accidents can happen in even the most controlled environments, but with the right knowledge, training, and preparation, divers can confidently manage risks and enjoy the incredible underwater world that Southern Africa has to offer
“Staying Safe Around Marine Life: A Guide for Southern African Divers”
DAN MEDIC EXCHANGE
DIVE SLATE | DAN DISPATCH
THE DAN EMERGENCY HOTLINE provides 24/7 emergency medical assistance to divers worldwide without charge and regardless of DAN membership status. DAN medics and physicians working in shifts across different time zones make this continuous service possible, ensuring that a dive medical expert is always available
Over the past 44 years, the DAN Emergency Hotline has significantly transformed while staying true to its original mission of helping divers in need A small group of nurses and dive medics initially staffed the hotline with support from on-call doctors The team has now expanded to more than 40 medics, nurses, and physicians spread across four
established dedicated call centres in New Zealand and South Africa.
In July 2024, five years after establishing its New Zealand hotline operations, DAN hosted a medic exchange between its call centre in Auckland, New Zealand, and the headquarters in Durham, North Carolina Two experienced DAN medics, Megan Smith and Leandra Lynn, swapped places, travelling nearly 10,000 miles and adjusting to a 16-hour time difference
Each medic worked for two weeks from the DAN call centre on the opposite side of the world After returning to their home offices, Smith and Lynn shared insights from their
MALARIA RISKS & PREVENTION
TRAVEL SMARTER | DAN DISPATCH
MALARIA IS A SERIOUS INFECTIOUS DISEASE threat that primarily exists in many of the world’s subtropical and tropical regions areas popular with divers where the environmental conditions support a stable, infected population of Anopheles mosquitoes DAN urges all divers to assess their risk and take appropriate preventative measures avoiding mosquito bites and using prophylactic medication when travelling to these destinations
To prevent mosquito bites that transmit malaria, stay in well-screened areas when possible If outdoors, wear clothes that cover most of your body, including your feet and ankles Use mosquito nets while sleeping, and treat your clothing, tents, and nets with insecticide and repellent
Personal repellents should contain at least 30% DEET; concentrations above 30% do not significantly improve the protective effect or duration Standard repellents last about four hours, but longer-acting versions are available Picaridin is an effective alternative to DEET
Ask your physician about prescription prophylactic drugs before travelling
Most medications are safe and welltolerated, but some people may have severe side effects and toxic reactions, as with any drug. The antimalarial drug mefloquine (Lariam) occasionally causes side effects that mimic symptoms of decompression sickness Some countries prohibit diving while taking mefloquine, so ask your physician about possible drug substitutions, such as a combination of atovaquone and proguanil (Malarone) If you cannot take a prophylactic antimalarial medication, do not travel to high-risk areas
It is still possible to contract malaria even with stringent preventive measures The symptoms may not develop until long after your trip, so continue prophylaxis treatment for four weeks following your return home
Immediately seek medical attention if you develop flu-like symptoms, such as chills, fever, headache, muscle aches, fatigue, or possibly nausea, during the trip or within several months after your last exposure Be sure to share your travel history and possible malaria exposure with medical professionals Malaria can become life-threatening if not quickly diagnosed and treated
ProsChooseDAN TrustedWhenItMattersMost
Ivana Inglesina & Victoria Cole, PADI® Platinum Course
Directors, Pro Dive Vibes, Curacao, explain why they choose DAN.
DIVERS ALERT NETWORK
AT DIVEISC, WE RECOGNIZE THAT SUCCESS in the dive industry goes far beyond simply promoting a certification agency’s logo For too long, dive professionals have relied on marketing strategies that emphasize agency branding logos dominating dive shops, websites, and social media profiles However, divers don’t choose to dive because of the certification agency; they choose it for the transformative underwater experience, the allure of marine life, and the sense of adventure it provides By empowering dive professionals to focus on themselves and the experiences they offer, we grow together
PUBLIC PERCEPTION VS. INDUSTRY REALITY
Most new divers don’t recognize the differences between certification agencies While industry insiders may debate the merits of one agency over another, the public is primarily concerned with learning to dive safely and experiencing the wonders of the ocean. Their trust lies in the dive instructor’s professionalism and expertise not in a specific logo.
Studies and real-life examples confirm that divers are far more interested in the quality of instruction, safety, and overall dive experience than in which agency provides their certification.
So why do many dive professionals continue prioritizing agency branding? The answer lies in outdated marketing strategies that place agency recognition above the diver’s needs While agencies benefit from brand visibility, individual professionals often find that this approach fails to resonate with potential customers At DiveISC, we support our professionals by helping them focus on their unique skills and the incredible experiences they provide, ultimately fostering stronger customer relationships and business growth
FOCUS ON EXPERIENCE, NOT THE AGENCY
To attract more customers, dive professionals must shift from promoting agency logos to emphasizing the incredible experiences that diving offers People don’t dive because they want a certification card they dive because they crave adventure
They dive because they want to:
Connect with Marine Life – Diving allows people to experience the beauty of the underwater world, from swimming alongside majestic sea creatures to exploring vibrant coral reefs Showcasing these encounters sparks curiosity and excitement
Feel the Freedom of Weightlessness –The sensation of weightlessness underwater is unlike anything on land, often described as flying beneath the waves
Explore Exotic Destinations – Scuba diving unlocks access to some of the world’s most stunning and remote locations, such as the Maldives, the Red Sea, and the Great Barrier Reef. These destinations ignite a sense of wanderlust and adventure.
Find Tranquility and Escape – For many, diving serves as a peaceful retreat from the stresses of daily life, providing an opportunity to connect with nature and find inner calm
These experiences inspire people to dive and should be the foundation of all marketing efforts By focusing on the emotions and unforgettable moments that diving creates, dive professionals can build deeper connections with potential divers
PRACTICAL STEPS TO SHIFT THE FOCUS
Capture Stunning Visual Content – Share high-quality photos and videos that highlight the beauty and excitement of
diving Whether it's breathtaking underwater scenery, joyful divers, or aweinspiring marine encounters, visual storytelling makes the experience relatable and inspiring
Use Social Media to Engage and Inspire –Platforms like Instagram, TikTok, and YouTube are ideal for reaching a broad audience Post engaging content that showcases the thrill of diving, from first-time divers’ reactions to mesmerizing underwater adventures Keep the focus on the experience not agency branding
Share Customer Testimonials and Real Stories – Positive reviews and personal stories are powerful marketing tools Highlight stories of divers overcoming fears, achieving personal milestones, or discovering a passion for the underwater world These real-life experiences resonate far more than a certification agency’s credentials.
Offer Personalized Dive Experiences – Cater to specific interests like marine conservation, underwater photography, or adventure diving. Customized dive experiences connect with people’s passions and make diving more meaningful.
Reimagine Marketing Materials – Websites, brochures, and advertisements should prioritize the excitement and awe of diving over agency branding If necessary, agency credentials can be mentioned, but they should never overshadow the emotional and visual appeal of the dive experience
Simplify and Educate – Many potential divers are intimidated by the complexities of scuba diving Keep messaging simple and inviting, focusing on the fun and rewarding aspects of diving instead of overwhelming people with technical jargon or agency comparisons
WHY THIS SHIFT MATTERS
The decline in certifications isn’t due to a lack of interest in diving it’s because dive professionals aren’t connecting with the right motivations Scuba diving competes with other adventure activities like skydiving and zip-lining, which promise excitement without the same time or financial commitment
By shifting the focus to the emotional rewards and unique experiences that diving offers, dive professionals can stand out from the competition and attract more divers
This change in perspective benefits not only individual instructors and dive shops but the entire dive industry When more people are inspired to dive, certification numbers will naturally rise regardless of the agency behind them Dive professionals who build trust through passion, professionalism, and excellent customer service will thrive as their satisfied clients spread the word.
CONCLUSION
The future of the dive industry lies in inspiring people to explore the wonders of the underwater world. Dive professionals hold the key to this transformation by focusing on the experiences that make diving extraordinary.
By shifting the focus from promoting agency logos to highlighting the joy, adventure, and beauty of diving, we can reignite public interest in scuba diving and create a new wave of passionate divers The certification card may mark the completion of a diver’s journey, but the adventure begins with the dream of exploring the ocean a dream that dive professionals are uniquely equipped to make a reality
When you grow, we grow together Let’s promote the diving experience not the agency brand
FIRST PLACE COVER IMAGE: LINDA NESS – A BREATHTAKING IMAGE OF A GREAT WHITE SHARK, CAPTURING
FIRST PLACE COVER IMAGE: LINDA NESS – A BREATHTAKING IMAGE OF A GREAT WHITE SHARK, CAPTURING THE RAW POWER AND ELEGANCE OF THIS APEX PREDATOR. THE IMAGE IS CALLED “GREAT”. THE RAW POWER AND ELEGANCE OF THIS APEX PREDATOR THE IMAGE IS CALLED “GREAT”
CELEBRATING THE ART OF UNDERWATER PHOTOGRAPHY
AHEARTFELTTHANKYOUTOPHOTOGRAPHERSANDORGANISERS
TEXTBYTHEDANTEAM
SECOND PLACE COVER IMAGE: ROBIN SCOTT – A MESMERISING MACRO SHOT OF AN AMPHIPOD
PLACE COVER IMAGE: ROBIN SCOTT – A SHOT OF AN AMPHIPOD ON A NUDIBRANCH, HIGHLIGHTING THE BEAUTY OF THE OCEAN’S TINIEST CREATURES. ON A NUDIBRANCH, HIGHLIGHTING THE BEAUTY OF THE OCEAN’S TINIEST CREATURES.
THE OCEAN IS A WORLD OF WONDERvibrant, mysterious, and teeming with life Yet, for many, its depths remain unseen and unappreciated Thanks to the passion and talent of underwater photographers, we are given the rare opportunity to explore this hidden realm through breathtaking images that inspire curiosity, awe, and a deeper appreciation for marine life
The Durban Undersea Club (DUC), in collaboration with DAN Southern Africa, has created a remarkable platform for photographers to showcase their work through a series of underwater photography competitions With the opportunity to feature in the DAN Southern Africa Alert Diver magazine and win fantastic prizes, the competition has drawn an incredible range of entries each capturing the raw beauty of South Africa’s underwater world As the competition draws to a close, we take a moment to express our deepest gratitude to both the photographers and the dedicated organisers who made it all possible.
HONOURING THE PHOTOGRAPHERS: CAPTURING THE BEAUTY BENEATH THE WAVES
To every photographer who submitted their work thank you Underwater photography is an art form that demands more than just technical skill; it requires patience, creativity, and an adventurous spirit The challenges of working in an unpredictable environment, from managing lighting conditions to capturing fast-moving marine life, make your stunning achievements all the more commendable
Your images do more than simply impress; they educate, inspire, and create a sense of connection to the underwater world Whether it was a striking cover shot that demands attention or a thought-provoking parting shot that tells a unique story, each photograph has contributed to a broader narrative one that showcases the diversity, fragility, and splendour of marine ecosystems
Particular recognition must go to the winning and highly commended entries, which stood out for their exceptional composition, creativity, and storytelling impact The “Great” left a lasting impression with its striking imagery, while the “Playful Seals” captivated audiences with its compelling subject matter Every submission has played a role in inspiring others to explore, appreciate, and ultimately protect the marine world
APPRECIATING THE ORGANISERS: THE VISIONARIES BEHIND THE COMPETITION
Behind the success of this competition is a dedicated team of organisers whose efforts have created an inspiring and rewarding experience for participants The Durban Undersea Club (DUC), working alongside DAN Southern Africa, has done a phenomenal job in providing a platform for photographers to share their work, gain recognition, and contribute to the greater diving community.
From curating competition categories to coordinating judging processes, the organisers have worked tirelessly to ensure a smooth and engaging experience. Their commitment has given photographers a meaningful opportunity to showcase their talent, while also promoting the values of ocean conservation and storytelling through imagery
Special thanks must go to Bryan Hart for his leadership and vision
LOOKING AHEAD: INSPIRING THE NEXT WAVE OF UNDERWATER PHOTOGRAPHERS
As this quarter’s competition comes to a close, we reflect not only on the incredible talent on display but also on the larger impact of underwater photography These images are more than just beautiful photographs; they serve as a powerful reminder of what is at stake in our oceans
By showcasing the wonders of marine life, they encourage people to become more
involved in conservation efforts and responsible diving practices
To all the photographers keep capturing the extraordinary moments beneath the waves Your work does more than inspire; it educates and ignites a passion for the underwater world To the organisers your dedication does not go unnoticed, and we eagerly anticipate future competitions that will continue to celebrate this incredible art form
Thank you for making this competition such a resounding success Here’s to many more years of celebrating underwater photography, storytelling, and marine conservation
CELEBRATING
THE WINNERS OF THE ALERT DIVER MAGAZINE PHOTO COMPETITION!
We are thrilled to announce the winners of the Alert Diver Magazine cover and parting shot image competitions! The entries this year showcased an extraordinary level of talent, creativity, and technical excellence, making the selection process both inspiring and challenging.
Cover Image Competition Winners
First Place: Linda Ness – A breathtaking image of a great white shark, capturing the raw power and elegance of this apex predator
Second Place: Robin Scott – A mesmerising macro shot of an amphipod on a nudibranch, highlighting the beauty of the ocean’s tiniest creatures
Third Place: Adrian Pearton – A striking image of a purple frogfish, perfectly blending into its underwater world
Parting Shot Competition Winners
First Place: Linda Ness – An enchanting shot of playful seals, brimming with energy and personality
Second Place: Linda Ness – A captivating image of dolphins, elegantly gliding through the water
Third Place: Don Hunter – A dynamic and dramatic composition featuring a ray and squid in perfect harmony
We extend our heartfelt congratulations to our winners! Your images stood out amongst an array of outstanding submissions, each telling a unique and compelling underwater story
A sincere thank you to all participants for sharing your incredible talent and passion for underwater photography The calibre of entries was truly remarkable, and we encourage all underwater photographers to take part in our future competitions for a chance to be featured as our next winners.
Happy diving, and keep capturing the magic beneath the waves!
FIRST PLACE PARTING SHOT IMAGE: LINDA NESS – AN ENCHANTING SHOT OF PLAYFUL SEALS, BRIMMING WITH ENERGY AND PERSONALITY. THE IMAGE IS CALLED
FIRST PLACE PARTING SHOT IMAGE: LINDA NESS – AN ENCHANTING SHOT OF PLAYFUL SEALS, BRIMMING WITH ENERGY AND PERSONALITY. THE IMAGE IS CALLED “BEFORETIME ” AND WAS TAKEN OUT TO SEA WITH ANIMAL OCEAN, SWIMMING IN THE SEAL COLONY UNDER LICENSE, DUIKER ISLAND OUT OF HOUT BAY. “BEFORETIME ” AND WAS TAKEN OUT TO SEA WITH ANIMAL OCEAN, SWIMMING IN THE SEAL COLONY UNDER LICENSE, DUIKER ISLAND OUT OF HOUT BAY.
REFLECTIONS ON THE COVER SHOT
COMPETITION – FEEDBACK FROM BRYAN HART
Composition, lighting, storytelling, and creativity these are the fundamental pillars of any truly remarkable image Capturing a compelling underwater photograph is no easy feat The preparation, the dive itself, unpredictable ocean conditions, and the sheer uncertainty of marine life encounters make this a challenging yet deeply rewarding art form
One of the most common mistakes aspiring underwater photographers make when selecting images for competitions is allowing emotion to dictate their choice A photographer often recalls the immense effort involved in capturing a particular shot the meticulous planning, the challenging conditions, and the exhilaration of the moment. However, this emotional attachment can sometimes cloud judgment, leading to an oversight of the storytelling, creativity, or ‘wow factor’ that makes an image truly stand out.
The first in a series of underwater photographic competitions for DUC photographers pushed participants out of their comfort zones The challenge? To select and submit the best image they had ever captured, with the ultimate goal of having it chosen for a magazine cover
To ensure inclusivity, we introduced a secondary category called ‘Parting Shot’ designed to showcase the most interesting image, even if it wasn't necessarily the most technically perfect
As an online competition, the public was invited to vote for their favourite image within a specified timeframe Once the votes were tallied, the final decision rested with the magazine’s editor, who had the last word in selecting the winning photograph
Top Tip: Research Your Subject
Understanding the marine life you are photographing can elevate your storytelling Knowing what makes a particular species unique allows you to capture its essence more effectively Consider these scenarios:
A lone clownfish drifting away from its anemone versus one nestled within it (Advanced challenge: How would you highlight the way it moves within the anemone?)
A cleaner wrasse on its own versus one engaged in its natural behaviour cleaning an eel’s mouth
A lionfish with its pectoral fins closed versus one fully extended, surrounded by shimmering silver fish
The more knowledge you have about the ocean and the behaviour of its inhabitants, the greater your ability to capture truly breathtaking images. With research and practice, you’ll soon be adding more ‘wow factor’ shots to your portfolio!
THE POWER OF UNDERWATER PHOTOGRAPHY
Underwater photography serves as the primary window into the world beneath the waves While anyone can visit a game reserve and appreciate terrestrial wildlife, only a privileged few have the opportunity to experience the ocean’s wonders firsthand As a result, there is often a disconnect between the general public and marine conservation People tend to care about what they can see land animals and habitats are widely documented, understood, and protected The ocean, however, remains largely out of sight, and sadly, out of mind
This is where underwater photography plays a vital role It provides a glimpse into an unseen world, inspiring a sense of wonder
THIRD PLACE PARTING SHOT IMAGE: DON HUNTER – A DYNAMIC AND DRAMATIC COMPOSITION FEATURING A RAY AND SQUID IN PERFECT HARMONY. THE EERIE COLD
THIRD PLACE PARTING SHOT IMAGE: DON HUNTER – A DYNAMIC AND DRAMATIC COMPOSITION FEATURING A RAY AND SQUID IN PERFECT HARMONY. THE EERIE COLD WATERS OF THE EASTER CAPE THAT ARE EMERALD GREEN AND ON A GOOD DAY HAVE A VISIBILITY OF 2-4M WHERE THE CHOKKA OR SQUID LAY THEIR EGG PODS IN WATERS OF THE EASTER CAPE THAT ARE EMERALD GREEN AND ON A GOOD DAY HAVE A VISIBILITY OF 2-4M WHERE THE CHOKKA OR SQUID LAY THEIR EGG PODS IN GREAT NUMBERS, DARTING IN AND OUT OF THE EGG BEDS TO EVADE THE SHORT-TAIL STINGRAYS THAT PREDATE ON THEM GREAT NUMBERS, DARTING IN AND OUT OF THE EGG BEDS TO EVADE THE SHORT-TAIL STINGRAYS THAT PREDATE ON THEM.
and responsibility for marine life Through striking imagery, we can create awareness about issues such as pollution, overfishing, and habitat destruction helping to bridge the gap between the ocean and those who may never experience it firsthand
CREATING AN ACCESSIBLE COMPETITION
For this competition, we aimed to make participation as simple and inclusive as possible no restrictions on when the image was taken, no entry fee, and only a few basic guidelines designed to help entrants make their best selections
To add an element of fun and engagement, we structured the competition as a social media-driven popularity contest The public primarily Facebook followers of DUC were the judges, voting for their favourite images Once submissions closed, we curated two separate galleries: one for Cover Shot entries and another for Parting Shots. Participants had a week to gather votes, after which the likes were tallied and winners selected.
The main objective of this competition was to encourage photographers to step out of their comfort zones and critically reflect on their portfolios The Cover Shot category was designed for A-grade, publication-worthy images colourful, striking, technically precise, and well-composed The Parting Shot category, on the other hand, was open to anyone who had captured a cool or interesting underwater moment, regardless of technical perfection
OBSERVATIONS AND FEEDBACK
General Reflections
Overall, we were pleased with the standard of entries In the Cover Shot category, subject matter played a significant role in attracting votes However, in many cases, we felt that the storytelling aspect was missing photographers often relied on the uniqueness of their subjects rather than
using composition and lighting to convey a compelling narrative
INDIVIDUAL IMAGE REVIEWS
The Frogfish
A challenging subject to locate but relatively easy to photograph, as the frogfish remains still To elevate this image, a diver shining a torch onto the frogfish could have visually highlighted its elusive nature, adding a storytelling element Since frogfish are sessile and do not flee when approached, there’s a great opportunity to experiment with creative lighting techniques backlighting or coloured lighting could have enhanced the wow factor
Overall: Exceptional image quality, with exposure and focus executed perfectly!
The Nudibranch and Amphipod
This was a definite WOW image. The colours and contrast were simply stunning. However, something about the composition felt slightly disruptive perhaps a different crop or rotation would have improved the visual flow. While we couldn’t quite pinpoint the issue, we believe a slight adjustment in framing could have made this the competition’s standout winner
Overall: An extraordinary shot with minor compositional tweaks that could elevate it even further!
THE GREAT WHITE SHARK
As this was a popularity-driven contest, it’s no surprise that an image of a Great White captured the public’s imagination The image was an excellent interpretation of the competition theme and a very clever choice for submission
From a technical standpoint, it was flawless exposure and focus were spot on However, we felt that a closer shot from underneath, or a more dramatic upward angle, could have further accentuated the
shark’s grandeur and power That said, we acknowledge that achieving this composition is far easier said than done!
Overall: A well-deserved win, both in terms of public appeal and technical execution!
FINAL THOUGHTS
Looking back, we believe this competition successfully achieved its goal not only did we select a stunning cover for Alert Diver Magazine, but we also encouraged photographers to reflect on their craft and think critically about their imagery
To all who participated, thank you for sharing your incredible work and passion for underwater photography Congratulations to our winners! We look forward to seeing even more breathtaking images in the future Keep pushing boundaries, telling stories, and capturing the magic of the underwater world!
“Celebrating the Art of Underwater Photography. Honouring the Photographers: Capturing the Beauty Beneath the Waves”
UNDERWATER PHOTOGRAPHER PROFILE
GETTOKNOWLINDANESS
MEMBERPROFILE
wwwlindanesscoza
LINDA NESS SWIMMING WITH SPERM WHALES. PHOTO BY DON HUNTER
LINDA NESS SWIMMING WITH SPERM WHALES. PHOTO BY DON HUNTER
Hometown: Durban
Age: Much older than the average scuba instructor these days
Diving Experience: Since 1985
PROFILE OVERVIEW
Inspiration for Diving: I fell into a pool once when I was small, I couldn’t swim properly yet and didn’t have my scratchy kapok canvas floaty thing on I had long blonde hair and vividly recall seeing my hair float about me as I sank gently in this beautiful peaceful place, perfectly happy My Dad yanked me out by my hair and I got a hiding, but it was too late, I already knew I loved it
Interest in Underwater Photography: I don’t know what makes one person long to capture images and another not at all Really have not figured that out yet!
Preferred Camera System: Love my Sony
gear, AR7 IV and native lenses Love my Nauticam gear – it’s the Grand Piano of housings, exquisitely designed and manufactured
Favourite Subjects: Love the big pelagics, give me chunky energy in the water column
Bucket List Destination: One day Neptune will raise the curtain on an Orca or two, it’s just time in the saddle!
Advice for Aspiring Photographers: It’s a process, it’s actually an ancient artform Art takes time, patience and courage
Why I’m a DAN member: Humans are not designed for the water, we use all manner of equipment to stay warm, sink, breathe, swim It’s a complex thing the whole event and we are pretty pathetic when it all goes wrong - you need some people with nouse who has your back, that would be DAN
LINDA NESS ON SCUBA WITH UNDERWATER CAMERA GEAR. PHOTO BY DON HUNTER LINDA NESS ON SCUBA WITH UNDERWATER CAMERA GEAR. PHOTO BY DON HUNTER
ProsChooseDAN TrustedWhenItMattersMost
Tec Clark, Associate Director, Scuba Diving Nova Southeastern University, explains why he chooses DAN.
jozjozadventures@gmailcom
JacquesVieira+261324116516
SandraZwart+261320564668
NESTLED OFF THE NORTHWEST COAST of Madagascar, the Mitsio Islands remain one of the country’s best-kept secrets With their dramatic landscapes, rich history, and worldclass diving, these islands are a paradise for adventurous travelers and marine enthusiasts alike Life here has remained largely unchanged for generations, with locals preserving traditions deeply intertwined with the ocean Adding to their exclusivity, the islands are only accessible for a few months each year, further enhancing their mystique
THE MITSIO ARCHIPELAGO: A NATURAL WONDER
The Mitsio Archipelago comprises around 12 islands, each with its own distinct character, from towering basalt cliffs to lush tropical beaches Among the most remarkable are:
Grande Mitsio – The largest island, home to the Sakalava community and known for its striking black volcanic cliffs.
Tsarabanjina – A private island renowned for its pristine white beaches and an exclusive eco-lodge.
The Four Brothers (Les Quatre Frères) –A group of rocky islets celebrated for their dramatic formations and thriving bird colonies.
A GLIMPSE INTO THE PAST: HISTORY AND CULTURE
The Mitsio Islands have a long and diverse history, shaped by Malagasy tribes, European explorers, and Indian Ocean traders The Sakalava people, known for their seafaring skills, have inhabited these islands for centuries, blending Malagasy traditions with Arab and Swahili influences
Today, the islands remain sparsely populated, with small fishing villages where locals sustain themselves through fishing, small-scale agriculture, and eco-tourism While Malagasy is the predominant language, many residents also speak basic French
Despite their breathtaking beauty, the Mitsio Islands are home to fewer than 1,000 people, most of whom continue a traditional lifestyle, untouched by modern development
NOSY MITSIO AND THE ANTANKARANA ROYAL LEGACY
Nosy Mitsio holds deep historical significance for the Antankarana people, an ethnic group from northern Madagascar In the 19th century, under the leadership of King Tsimiaro I, they sought refuge on Nosy Mitsio to escape the expanding Merina Kingdom During this exile, the king made a sacred vow: if his people survived, they would convert to Islam a promise they fulfilled upon their safe arrival
To this day, Nosy Mitsio remains an ancestral site of great cultural reverence While the Antankarana monarchy no longer holds political power, the royal family continues to play an important cultural and spiritual role within the community.
THE ORGAN PIPES: A GEOLOGICAL MARVEL
One of the most striking natural wonders of the Mitsio Islands is the Organ Pipes, a breathtaking series of basalt rock columns on Grande Mitsio. Formed by volcanic activity nearly 100 million years ago, these towering hexagonal pillars resemble the pipes of a grand church organ This rare geological phenomenon, akin to Ireland’s Giant’s Causeway, is a testament to Madagascar’s volcanic past
SCUBA DIVING: AN UNDERWATER PARADISE
For divers, the Mitsio Islands offer some of Madagascar’s most pristine underwater environments The waters are teeming with marine life, coral reefs, and stunning rock formations The region is also a haven for macro photographers, offering incredible opportunities to capture rare and tiny marine creatures
Top dive sites include:
The Four Brothers – Sheer underwater cliffs buzzing with pelagic marine life
The Two Tits – Twin rocky peaks surrounded by arches, caves, and vibrant coral formations
Castor Bank – Known for crystal-clear waters, vast coral gardens, and encounters with sailfish, devil rays, and reef sharks
Ankarea Bank – A coral plateau ranging from 12 to 40 meters in depth, home to fusiliers, turtles, and reef sharks
With visibility ranging from 15 to 40 meters, these sites offer an exceptional diving experience for both beginners and advanced divers
SNORKELING: A WORLD OF COLOR BENEATH THE SURFACE
For those who prefer to stay near the surface, the Mitsio Islands offer fantastic snorkeling. The shallow reefs are alive with colorful fish, sea turtles, and even playful dolphins.
Nosy Ankarea is especially renowned for its crystal-clear waters and vibrant coral gardens.
Little Brother (one of the Four Brothers) offers an incredible snorkeling experience with abundant marine life and breathtaking underwater scenery
EXPLORING BY CATAMARAN THE
What to expect:
A professional crew and private chef, preparing freshly caught seafood, organic produce, and Malagasy specialties
Relaxation on spacious deck, with breathtaking ocean views
A tender boat for easy shore excursions and snorkeling trips
Small group sizes (6-8 divers per trip) for a more personalized journey
Multilingual communication in French, English, and Malagasy, ensuring a warm, welcoming experience
DINING ONBOARD: A CULINARY DELIGHT
Dining on board is an experience in itself
Meals are tailored to guests' dietary preferences, with an emphasis on fresh, locally sourced ingredients Specialties include grilled seafood, organic vegetables, and Malagasy Zebu beef
Barbecues are a highlight, especially when freshly caught fish is on the menu.
A “pay bar” offers soft drinks, local beer, wine, and spirits, though guests are also welcome to bring their own selection of wines and liquors.
With over 15 years of experience, the crew ensures a seamless and unforgettable journey
“The Mitsio Islands of Madagascar. A Hidden Treasure Lost in Time.”
BEST TIME TO VISIT
The best time to explore the Mitsio Islands is:
May to March October to mid-December
During these months, calm seas, warm weather, and exceptional visibility create ideal conditions for diving and snorkeling The wet season, with its heavy rains and rough seas, makes travel more challenging
Due to their remote location, the Mitsio Islands are only accessible for a limited time each year, ensuring their untouched beauty remains preserved
DIVE SAFETY: HYPERBARIC CHAMBER ON NOSY BE
Safety is a top priority when diving in remote locations The nearest hyperbaric chamber is located on Nosy Be, operated in collaboration with DAN (Divers Alert Network). As Madagascar’s only hyperbaric facility, it provides essential emergency treatment if needed, offering peace of mind for divers.
MEET YOUR DIVE GUIDE – JACQUES VIEIRA
Originally from Gonubie, South Africa, Jacques Vieira has over 30 years of experience as a dive instructor and guide Since 1998, he has specialised in Madagascar’s underwater wonders
A passionate underwater photographer and macro specialist, Jacques provides expert advice on camera setups, ensuring divers capture unforgettable moments Whether you're a novice or an experienced diver, Jacques delivers an exceptional diving experience
GETTING TO NOSY BE
For travelers from South Africa, several airlines fly to Nosy Be:
Airlink – Direct flights from Johannesburg
Air Austral – Connections via Reunion Ethiopian Airlines – Routes through Addis Ababa.
BREAKING THE MYTHS A JOURNEY INTO FULL-FACE MASK DIVING
TEXTDUNCANPATTENDEN GEAR
FULL FACE MASKS (FFMs) have been around for many years, traditionally seen only as part of Technical Diving Equipment If you ask most experienced divers what they think about FFMs, they will probably tell you that FFMs should only be used by commercial divers because they’re complicated and have many issues These issues include: difficulty breathing and equalising, high air consumption, and the possibility of CO2 build up, free-flowing, and flooding Well, I was one of those divers who believed some of these myths
In September 2024, I was invited to the Ocean Reef Factory in Genova It was an opportunity to meet Mr Sergio Gamberini again and find out what all the fuss was about over the new Neptune III FFM This also provided me with a chance to dive the famous Nemo’s Garden; an underwater greenhouse situated 60km south of Genova in a beautiful town called Noli.
Having been in the dive industry since 1983, I was developing a “been there, done that” attitude. What could Ocean Reef possibly bring to the table that would expand my love of diving in our wonderful oceans? I went to Italy in the hopes of finding something new and exciting Getting reacquainted with Mr Sergio Gamberini and meeting his wife, son, and grandson, I realised “WOW, what a passionate family man” I found myself humbled by the success of this family-driven business, which started along with many other greats of the dive industry shortly after the Second World War I invite you to visit the Ocean Reef website and read their history and adventures: wwwoceanreefgroupcom
Before leaving for Italy, I completed the online theory for the Neptune III FFM, Space FFM, and the Underwater Communication Systems I was surprised by the amount of information it contained, and it took longer to complete than I expected, leaving no room for errors As with SCUBA diving, I
realised that you will get the most value by attending the FFM course, no matter what your skill level of diving is
With the theory complete, I printed my two certificates and departed for Italy, feeling a bit apprehensive and wondering if I had done enough preparation I must mention that Ocean Reef is not a certifying training agency, but instead, as an instructor, they provide you with specialised knowledge and tools to enhance your instructional capabilities and make your courses even more valuable to your students
The first day started early at the Ocean Reef headquarters’ heated indoor pool in Genova Two course directors, Rene and Andy, observed us five candidates doing our best to be as smooth as possible After two days in the pool with expert guidance, it didn’t take long for all five of us to feel comfortable with our newly acquired skills. Classroom presentations were received and given, exams passed, and it was time to travel to our new dive site; Nemo’s Garden.
Unfortunately, the fun stuff would have to wait, as a score of four out of four had to be achieved during our practical evaluations. Anything lower than this, and you cannot progress to the Instructor Trainer Level I had not travelled all this way just to receive another diver’s certificate, but to make it all the way to the top Our course directors were strict but patient, and with some hard work, a week later, we all passed With my Accredited Instructor Course (AIC) under my belt, I returned home to Cape Town, feeling my passion for diving rekindled
“A
What’s Nemo’s Garden, you may ask? We all know Italians love talking about food. Mix this with Sergio’s passion for diving and his extensive knowledge of the sea, and in 2012, a new project began an underwater garden or greenhouse (See QR code for a must-watch video)
This experience completely changed my perspective on full-face masks In the next issue, I’ll be sharing more insights on their advantages, addressing common misconceptions, and explaining how they can enhance your diving experience Stay tuned!
DIVE SMARTER - KNOW YOUR RENTAL GEAR!
WHEN IT COMES TO DIVING, knowing your gear can make all the difference between a memorable underwater adventure and a diving disaster. Have you ever found yourself wondering what’s really under the hood of that rental equipment? Let’s dive into the world of rental gear, shall we?
UNDERSTANDING THE BASICS OF DIVE GEAR
What is Dive Gear Anyway?
Diving gear is essentially your lifeline when you're exploring the mesmerizing depths of the ocean It includes everything from your wetsuit to your tank But why should you care about what you’re renting? Well, let's consider this: would you drive a car without knowing how to operate it? Exactly!
THE ESSENTIALS: WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW
Wetsuits
A wetsuit is like a cozy hug from the ocean It keeps you warm and protects you from jellyfish stings and abrasions But not all wetsuits are created equal They come in different thicknesses and styles, so it’s
essential to choose one that suits the water temperature where you’re diving.
Cylinders
Your cylinder is your portable air supply It’s crucial to check the tank's pressure gauge before you head underwater You wouldn’t want to run out of air in the middle of a dive, right?
Regulators
Think of the regulator as the middleman between you and your tank It converts high-pressure air into a breathable flow Always inspect your regulator before use A malfunctioning regulator can make your dive go south real quick
RENTING GEAR: THE PROS AND CONS
The Advantages of Renting
Convenience: Renting gear is often more convenient, especially if you’re travelling No need to lug heavy equipment around!
Variety: Rental shops usually have the latest gear, so you can try out the newest models without shelling out big bucks
GEAR | TEXT BY THE DAN TEAM
The Disadvantages of Renting
Fit and Comfort: Rental gear might not fit you as well as your own An ill-fitting wetsuit can ruin your dive experience
Quality Control: Not all rental shops maintain their gear properly It’s essential to inspect everything before you dive
TIPS FOR CHOOSING RENTAL GEAR
Ask Questions
Don’t be shy! Ask the rental shop staff about the gear They are there to help you If you’re unsure about something, just ask
Check for Damage
Always give your gear a thorough once-over before you take it out Look for signs of wear and tear, especially on the wetsuit and the regulator
Do a Test Run
If possible, do a test dive with your rental gear in shallow water. This way, you can ensure everything is functioning correctly before you go deeper.
COMMON MYTHS ABOUT RENTAL GEAR
Myth 1: Rental Gear is Always Inferior
This is a common misconception Many rental shops carry top-notch equipment that is well-maintained
Myth 2: You Should Always Bring Your Own Gear
While having your own gear can be beneficial, it’s not always necessary Renting can be a great option for occasional divers or travellers
CONCLUSION: DIVE SMART!
So, the next time you’re gearing up for a dive, remember that being informed about your rental gear can lead to a safer and more enjoyable experience. Dive smart, and you’ll not only be exploring incredible underwater worlds but doing so with confidence in your equipment. Happy diving!
YOUR OXYGEN KIT IS A CRITICAL RESOURCE IN AN EMERGENCY AND AN ESSENTIAL PART OF FIRST AID FOR A DIVE INCIDENT. IT IS IMPORTANT TO
UNDERSTAND THE VARIOUS COMPONENTS, HOW TO SELECT AND USE THEM, AND HOW TO ENSURE THAT EVERYTHING IS AVAILABLE AND FULLY OPERATIONAL.
YOUR OXYGEN KIT IS A CRITICAL RESOURCE IN AN EMERGENCY AND AN ESSENTIAL PART OF FIRST AID FOR A DIVE INCIDENT. IT IS IMPORTANT TO UNDERSTAND THE VARIOUS COMPONENTS, HOW TO SELECT AND USE THEM, AND HOW TO ENSURE THAT EVERYTHING IS AVAILABLE AND FULLY OPERATIONAL.
UNDERSTANDING OXYGEN KIT COMPONENTS GEAR
TEXTBYJOANNPERRY,MSE
OXYGEN IS THE STANDARD OF CARE for first aid in dive injuries You do not need to determine if the injured person is experiencing decompression sickness (DCS), arterial gas embolism (AGE), or non-fatal drowning, as oxygen can be beneficial in all these situations
While it is easy to determine if you should use oxygen, some people may be confused about how to administer it
MASK SELECTION
The correct setup of your oxygen kit is critical for delivering the highest percentage of oxygen possible, but every situation is different There are multiple options, and many rescuers forget the best setup for each situation
First, you should determine if the injured person is breathing or not during the airway, breathing, and circulation (ABC) part of your initial assessment.
If the diver is breathing comfortably, decide whether to use the demand valve or the manually triggered ventilator (MTV). Both are used with a CPR mask with its filter insert removed.
If the diver is breathing but has difficulty reaching the necessary pressure to actuate the valve, switch them to a non-rebreather mask, which should be used on the continuous flow port with a starting flow of 10 to 15 litres per minute (lpm) The nonrebreather mask provides a high percentage of oxygen to the injured person, but as the surrounding air is drawn into the gas flow, less oxygen is being delivered This method also has more waste due to the continuous flow, and the oxygen cylinder will not last as long as with a demand valve or MTV
If the diver is not breathing, an MTV is the first choice With this setup, two people can provide oxygen while doing chest
compressions and rescue breathing An MTV has an overpressure fail-safe bypass to prevent lung overinflation, but the rescuer should still be cautious and keep the flow going for no more than one second at a time
Instead of an MTV, the oxygen kit may have a bag-valve mask (BVM), which the provider can use with or without supplemental oxygen With supplemental oxygen, the injured person gets nearly 100% oxygen Without supplemental oxygen, the BVM can provide only air (21% oxygen) If the BVM does not have a built-in mask, use the CPR mask without the filter insert
Rescuers must be especially cautious with a BVM as there is no shutoff to stop them from overpressurising the lungs Always slowly depress the reservoir and to no more than one-third of the bag’s volume Supplemental oxygen is added in the same way as you would connect a non-rebreather mask. Ensure there is sufficient flow to return the bag to normal size before administering the next breath.
If an MTV or BVM is unavailable, the rescuer must do mouth-to-mouth resuscitation with a CPR mask and the filter insert in place. Without supplemental oxygen, the oxygen content for the injured person is about 16%, matching the rescuer’s exhalation You can add supplemental oxygen using the port on the CPR mask, but it will still be much less than when using an MTV or BVM Mouth-tomouth resuscitation requires the most energy from the rescuer and is harder to maintain for a long time
DAN has developed a new Oxygen Mask Selection Guide slate, which is free to DAN members, to assist with remembering all the oxygen-delivery options during an emergency Keep this slate in your oxygen kit for easy reference
CYLINDER SELECTION
The proper cylinder quantity and sizes depend on the expected amount of time you will need to provide oxygen to an injured diver Consider how far you are from emergency care in the worst-case scenario during your normal diving You need enough oxygen to cover the travel time during an emergency and account for a buddy who may also need it
The chart shows the expected duration of typical oxygen cylinders using the continuous flow port These calculations are based on the usable gas in a full cylinder rather than the total volume
TRAINING
Proper training in oxygen administration is necessary A rescuer will not be able to effectively provide oxygen while trying to figure it out under pressure DAN’s Diving First Aid or Emergency Oxygen for Scuba Diving Injuries courses and others can provide proper training A course must include assembling and using emergency oxygen and its limitations
Practice is also important An oxygen kit has a lot of components to assemble, and if the rescuer has not handled a kit aside from a couple of hours in class, it will be difficult to remember the steps The rescuer should
CARE OF YOUR OXYGEN KIT
Before each dive outing, confirm that all the kit’s contents are present, clean, and assembled and that the cylinder valve is fully open. Ensure the cylinder contains sufficient oxygen for its intended use. Test the unit’s function, and then turn off the cylinder valve and purge the system, but leave the rest assembled Keep an inspection log sheet that you initial each time you inspect the kit
After each use, replace single-use items and check all the components’ functionality Wipe down regulators and all other components with warm, soapy water, and disinfect any reusable components that were in contact with a person Refill the cylinder, and function test the unit before stowing it for future use
have regular training to act with the confidence of muscle memory. When you check the contents of your kit, do a skill circuit to assemble all the components in all the configurations.
Your oxygen kit is a critical resource in an emergency and an essential part of the first aid response in a dive incident It is essential to understand the various components, how to select and use them, and how to ensure that everything is available and fully operational
approaches from March to June, South African beaches become crucial rescue zones for vulnerable turtle hatchlings Each year, strong winds and rough seas push these tiny creatures into the cold Cape coastal waters after drifting along the warm Agulhas Current The sudden drop in temperature leads to cold shock and hypothermia, leaving them dehydrated, weak, and unable to survive without intervention
In 2023, the Turtle Conservation Centre achieved a remarkable milestone rehabilitating and releasing over 600 hatchlings, giving them a second chance at life in the ocean
But hatchlings aren’t the only ones at risk
Adult turtles also strand along the Southern African coastline, often due to injuries, illness, or plastic ingestion While the natural instinct might be to return a stranded turtle to the ocean, experts warn that this wellmeaning action can be fatal.
WHY DO TURTLES STRAND?
Turtles do not willingly beach themselves they strand when they are in distress. For hatchlings, cold waters and rough seas are the primary threats, leading to lifethreatening hypothermia. Adult turtles, however, may strand due to illness, injuries, or plastic ingestion, which can block their ability to feed and cause internal infections
"Adult turtle strandings occur annually between September and February along our coast," explains Tracy Whitehead from the Two Oceans Aquarium Foundation’s Turtle Rescue Network "Many are sick, injured, or too weak to survive in the wild If they are simply placed back in the water, they could die One major cause of weakness is plastic ingestion, which prevents turtles from feeding and often leads to severe infections"
WHAT TO DO IF YOU FIND A STRANDED TURTLE
The most important rule: NEVER return a stranded turtle to the ocean
Whether you’re a diver surfacing from a dive or a beachgoer enjoying the shore, encountering a stranded turtle calls for immediate action Here’s how you can help:
1. Call for Help
Turtle Rescue Hotline: +27 (0) 83 300 1663
This number connects directly to the Two Oceans Aquarium Foundation’s Turtle Rescue Network
2. Move the Turtle to Safety if Advised
Under guidance from the rescue team, ensure the turtle is out of harm’s way away from predators, direct sunlight, strong waves, and the high-tide line
Be gentle: Moving an injured turtle incorrectly can worsen its condition.
3. Place the Turtle in a Container with Dry Towels
Use a well-ventilated box lined with soft, dry towels.
Always lift the turtle from underneath its belly avoid grabbing its flippers or the edges of its shell
Do NOT place the turtle in water weak turtles can drown if submerged
4. Stress
Handle the turtle as little as possible
No selfies or excessive handling stress can further weaken a stranded turtle
5. Follow Rescue Team Instructions
The Turtle Rescue Network will provide further guidance and arrange transport to a designated drop-off point
MOSSEL BAY 11 APRIL 2024
LOGGERHEAD HATCHLING RESCUE , LOGGERHEAD HATCHLING RESCUE , MOSSEL BAY 11 APRIL 2024
LOGGERHEAD HATCHLING AT TWO
LOGGERHEAD HATCHLING AT TWO OCEANS AQUARIUM TURTLE HOSPITAL OCEANS AQUARIUM TURTLE HOSPITAL
INSIDE THE TURTLE RESCUE NETWORK
The Turtle Rescue Network, operated by the Two Oceans Aquarium Foundation, is a lifeline for stranded turtles Every rescued turtle undergoes thorough medical care, which may take weeks, months, or even years
"We’ve seen it all," says Tracy Whitehead "Severe infections, amputations from ghost fishing gear, and hatchlings suffering from malnutrition due to plastic ingestion But with proper care, most turtles recover, and all are released back into the ocean stronger than ever"
To aid conservation efforts, many rehabilitated turtles are tagged before release, providing valuable tracking data However, limited funding restricts the ability to tag every turtle
TURTLES AND THE DIVING COMMUNITY
Divers often share a deep connection with sea turtles, cherishing their underwater encounters. These ancient mariners play a critical role in marine ecosystems, helping maintain healthy seagrass beds, coral reefs, and nutrient cycles.
Yet, sea turtles face increasing threats from plastic pollution, climate change, and ghost fishing gear In South Africa, key dive hotspots like Aliwal Shoal, Sodwana Bay, and Protea Banks are prime habitats for sea turtles but they’re also areas where divers may encounter stranded individuals
"Every turtle rescued and rehabilitated is a step towards sustaining marine biodiversity," says Esther Jacobs from the Earth Legacy Foundation "The ocean community’s swift action and conservation efforts like those of the Turtle Rescue Network are crucial to giving these animals a fighting chance"
HOW DIVERS CAN HELP
Report Strandings – Save the Turtle Rescue Hotline in your phone and immediately report any stranded turtles Stay Observant – Look out for turtles in distress while diving, such as those entangled in ghost gear or showing signs of illness Report any concerns to marine conservation organisations Reduce Plastic Pollution – Participate in dive clean-ups to remove marine debris that poses a direct threat to sea turtles and other marine life
THIS KELP FOREST IS MADE OF A SPECIES THOUGHT TO BE ECKLONIA RADIATA, AN ABUNDANT INTERTIDAL SPECIES OF KELP FOUND
THIS KELP FOREST IS MADE OF A SPECIES THOUGHT TO BE ECKLONIA RADIATA, AN ABUNDANT INTERTIDAL SPECIES OF KELP FOUND AROUND THE EAST COAST OF SOUTH AFRICA. HERE IN MOZAMBIQUE, THIS POPULATION IS SITTING AT AROUND 35 M DEPTH. AROUND THE EAST COAST OF SOUTH AFRICA. HERE IN MOZAMBIQUE, THIS POPULATION IS SITTING AT AROUND 35 M DEPTH.
I FIRST FELL IN LOVE WITH KELP when I moved to Cape Town from a small, landlocked farm town to pursue my lifelong dream of becoming a marine biologist Beneath these shifting shades and slick kelp blades, my passion for marine life, education, and photography was ignited
While many shy away from Cape Town's chilly, murky waters, these very conditions allow kelp to flourish. Found along extensive stretches of the world’s shallow, temperate coastlines, kelp forests create rich underwater habitats. From Norway to New Zealand, they extend across 21 countries.
So, when I heard whispers of a kelp forest thriving in the deep, warm waters of tropical Africa, it seemed improbable. Seeking clarity, I turned to Dr Maggie Reddy, a seaweed researcher at the University of Cape Town, who confirmed the existence of these deepwater kelp forests thriving in the dimly lit depths beyond 30 metres
TROPICAL KELP FORESTS
DISCOVERINGAPENGUININTHEMALDIVES
TEXT&IMAGESBYDANELWENTZEL
THE RURAL TOWN OF ZAVORA IN MOZAMBIQUE IS KNOWN FOR BEING A HOTSPOT FOR GENTLE CARTILAGINOUS GIANTS: MANTA RAYS. AROUND SEPTEMBER EACH YEAR, THE RURAL TOWN OF ZAVORA IN MOZAMBIQUE IS KNOWN FOR BEING A HOTSPOT FOR GENTLE CARTILAGINOUS GIANTS: MANTA RAYS. AROUND SEPTEMBER EACH YEAR, THEY APPEAR IN THE HUNDREDS AROUND A CLEANING STATION KNOWN AS "WITCH'S HAT," WHERE THEY HAVE BEEN OBSERVED TO DISPLAY COURTSHIP BEHAVIOUR. THEY APPEAR IN THE HUNDREDS AROUND A CLEANING STATION KNOWN AS "WITCH'S HAT," WHERE THEY HAVE BEEN OBSERVED TO DISPLAY COURTSHIP BEHAVIOUR.
AS WE HOPPED OFF THE SIDE OF THE BOAT AND BEGAN OUR DESCENT I WAS STRUCK BY AN
AS WE HOPPED OFF THE SIDE OF THE BOAT AND BEGAN OUR DESCENT I WAS STRUCK BY AN EXPANSE OF WHAT APPEARED TO BE ECKLONIA RADIATA THRIVING AT A DEPTH OF 35 METRES. EXPANSE OF WHAT APPEARED TO BE ECKLONIA RADIATA THRIVING AT A DEPTH OF 35 METRES.
DIVING DEEPER
News in the ocean community spreads faster than the Gulf Stream (for the nonocean nerds, that's the fastest current in the ocean) When I first caught wind of a "deepwater kelp forest," I knew exactly whom to contact Maggie Reddy, a seaweed researcher at UCT and a self-proclaimed kelp enthusiast, not only verified their existence but also shared fascinating insights
Contrary to the assumption that kelp flourishes only in shallow, sunlit waters, these mesophotic kelp fields have evolved to thrive in low-light conditions below 30 metres Around two decades ago, global computer simulations predicted widespread yet unexplored deep-water (30 to 200 metres) kelp habitats in the tropics (Graham et al., 2007) To test these predictions, scientists undertook SCUBA dives in one of the projected regions and their findings were astounding They uncovered extensive kelp forests at eight different locations, painting a picture of widespread kelp formations in both surface and deep waters across multiple continents. However, Maggie’s observations marked the first confirmed and documented reports of kelp off the coast of Mozambique (Madeira et al., 2024).
Given that kelp typically thrives in cold, nutrient-rich waters, encountering it in the tropical waters of Mozambique is akin to stumbling upon a penguin in the Maldives it simply defies expectations Intrigued and eager to witness these deep-water forests firsthand, I joined Maggie and two of her students on an expedition to explore this remarkable phenomenon
IS THIS A NEW SPECIES?
As we descended into the depths, a shiver ran down my spine not from the cold (the water was surprisingly warm) but from sheer anticipation At 35 metres, the kelp forest emerged from the dim light, a sprawling expanse resembling Ecklonia radiata It was breathtaking
Collecting samples and capturing footage, I noticed the blades looked and felt different from those found in my home waters of Cape Town Research has shown that Ecklonia radiata exhibits considerable morphological variation depending on environmental conditions (Blain et al, 2019) In deeper waters, where light levels are minimal, broader blades may optimise light capture, much like shade-adapted trees developing larger leaves (Poorter & Rozendaal, 2008)
Back on the boat, students Mila and Aiden began processing the samples As Aiden examined them, he pointed out subtle morphological differences suggesting the possibility of a new species His excitement was palpable as he described variations in stipe length and blade width, hinting at a distinct genetic lineage adapted to this unique deep-water environment
WHAT’S NEXT?
Maggie believes these deep-water kelp forests may be far more widespread than currently documented. “They exist in a hidden world, beyond the reach of traditional kelp surveys,” she explained. “We are only beginning to unravel their mysteries.”
With the help of environmental DNA (eDNA) analysis, which detects traces of kelp in water samples, combined with the physical specimens collected, researchers are gradually piecing together a clearer picture of kelp distribution and the genetic diversity of these deep-water populations
WHY SHOULD WE CARE?
Discovering and understanding deep-water kelp forests is critical for their conservation after all, we cannot protect what we do not know exists Fossil evidence suggests kelp forests have existed for over 32 million years, playing a crucial role in the evolution of many foundational marine species Despite their abundance, covering vast stretches of coastline, kelp forests face an escalating crisis
DURING THE EXPEDITION BLADES OF ECKLONIA RADIATA WHERE COLLECTED TO TAKE BACK TO THE UNIVERSITY OF CAPE TOWN FOR DNA ANALYSES. THE
DURING THE EXPEDITION BLADES OF ECKLONIA RADIATA WHERE COLLECTED TO TAKE BACK TO THE UNIVERSITY OF CAPE TOWN FOR DNA ANALYSES. THE ANALYSES WOULD HOPEFULLY TELL IF THIS IS A BRAND NEW SPECIES AND MAYBE EVEN HOW IT FOUND ITS WAY TO MOZAMBIQUE THOUSANDS OF YEARS AGO. ANALYSES WOULD HOPEFULLY TELL IF THIS IS A BRAND NEW SPECIES AND MAYBE EVEN HOW IT FOUND ITS WAY TO MOZAMBIQUE THOUSANDS OF YEARS AGO.
KELP IS IMPORTANT FOR SUPPORTING BIODIVERSITY, THE NUMBER
KELP IS IMPORTANT FOR SUPPORTING BIODIVERSITY, THE NUMBER OF DIFFERENT PLANTS AND ANIMALS THAT OCCUR IN ONE AREA. OF DIFFERENT PLANTS AND ANIMALS THAT OCCUR IN ONE AREA.
ONE STUDY DONE IN CAPE TOWN FOUND ONE SINGLE KELP STIPE TO
ONE STUDY DONE IN CAPE TOWN FOUND ONE SINGLE KELP STIPE TO SUPPORT OVER 1000 INDIVIDUAL CREATURES. SUPPORT OVER 1000 INDIVIDUAL CREATURES
These underwater jungles provide essential habitats, sequester vast amounts of carbon, and support countless marine species Yet, climate change, overfishing, pollution, and coastal development threaten their survival Over the past 50 years, kelp decline has outpaced growth hidden beneath the waves, they are vanishing at twice the rate of terrestrial forests, disappearing at an alarming 2% per year (Wernberg, 2019)
Safeguarding these underwater treasures requires not only an understanding of the threats they face but also decisive action Kelp forests are vulnerable to an array of pressures For instance, in 2013, the sudden disappearance of sea urchin-eating sea stars along California’s coastline triggered an explosion in sea urchin populations By grazing on the base of kelp plants, these urchins decimated entire forests, leaving behind vast, lifeless seascapes (Wernberg, 2016)
Are these tropical kelp populations relics of a colder past, or are they depthadapted ecosystems only now revealing themselves? The answers lie hidden in the depths, waiting to be uncovered
Tropical Kelp Forest
MONITORING DIVE INCIDENTS AND DRUG USE
EDUCATION | TEXT BY CAT HARRIS
THE DAY-TO-DAY TASKS of injury monitoring at Divers Alert Network include tracking dive fatalities by sifting through emails, news alerts, and social media to collect information about recent events Our goal is to report to the dive community our findings on what people report to us or what we encounter in our research
Since DAN was founded in 1980, we have tracked, monitored, and researched more than 4,000 dive-related incidents, not including emergency calls, non-emergency enquiries, and membership claims Our scope includes fatal and non-fatal accidents involving open-circuit and rebreather diving, freediving, and snorkelling DAN Research has relaunched the Diving Incident Reporting System (DIRS) to collect selfreported dive incidents, and our fatality and injury monitoring team continues to track dive fatalities around the world
For dive incidents within the US, we’ve obtained investigative records that include law enforcement reports, incident reports, equipment analyses, autopsies, and toxicology reports Our fatality and injury monitoring team carefully reviews these files and consults with pathologists to ascertain
what may have triggered the event and what could be the cause of death. We aim to quantify these accident details so we can identify trends and suggest ways to make diving safer
Drug use or drug smuggling while diving isn’t a significant trend based on the information we can access, but DAN Research has records of more than 15 fatal dive accidents in which intoxication or drug use was noted in the past five years Two snorkelling fatalities reported to DAN in 2023 noted positive toxicology results for recreational drugs Those toxicology screenings indicated the substances included alcohol, cannabis, and methamphetamine
Our researchers noted a particular news alert: “Diver found dead amid portion of $20m Newcastle cocaine haul” This sparked curiosity among the team, leading us to query how many dive incidents in our database were drug-related The news alert said that the diver was found unconscious in the water and could not be revived and about 110 pounds (50 kilograms) of yellow packages were floating in the water near the diver
Reports noted the diver “had sophisticated equipment, including a rebreather apparatus,” and further investigation revealed the packages were originally hidden in the sea chest of a cargo ship found in the area at the time of the diver’s death Detectives worked swiftly, and within days one suspect was arrested in connection with the smuggling
The discord among the team centred mostly around the how instead of the why It was theorised that it was most likely a pickup rather than a drop-off, based on where the diver was found We discussed the logistics of lifting and swimming with that much weight for the long distance between the ship’s hull and the shoreline as we tried to figure out what had happened
This report wasn’t the first recorded instance of diving and drug smuggling, and it won’t be the last In 2015 a diver was apprehended in California while attempting to smuggle about 55 pounds (25 kg) of drugs. The diver was transporting the drugs through an underwater tunnel, and authorities patrolling the embankment near the tunnel exit caught the diver with several 1-pound, vacuum-sealed packages of cocaine.
Another case in 2013 involved a diver crossing the St Clair River from Canada into the US using a watertight PVC tube filled with more than 8 pounds (36 kg) of marijuana In the same river in 2021, authorities found a diver tethered to 185 pounds (84 kg) of marijuana who had been using a small fleet of submarines and diver propulsion vehicles to carry out the operation en route to Detroit, Michigan The diver was sentenced to 71 months in prison and will be deported back to Canada after serving his time
The number of these kinds of incidents recorded in our database is likely significantly lower than what actually occurs since we rely on news alerts, social media,
and self-reporting We asked the US Drug Enforcement Administration for a comparison of their tally of drug-smuggling diver fatalities against ours, but they declined to comment
We rely heavily on our Diving Incident Reporting System (DIRS) to gather data, and it’s unlikely a diver smuggling drugs would report their own incidents Even if they omitted key details about the task, our team would still question why they were diving alone at night and in less-than-ideal locations
If you would like to help us close the gap in reporting so we can monitor these trends, you can report any dive incident to DAN Research through the DIRS at redcaplink/DAN-report-an-incident It’s an anonymous online system, so nothing will identify the person making the report If you have questions about the DIRS, please email research@dan.org.
To be clear, DAN does not condone the use of illegal substances or the transport and di ib i f h b i ll
EXPLORING MOZAMBIQUE’S
EDUCATION | LIFE AQUATIC
IN A REMOTE CORNER OF THE WESTERN INDIAN OCEAN (WIO), off the coast of Mozambique, lies a diving paradise where iconic marine species roam freely, coral reefs flourish, and each descent holds the chance of an extraordinary encounter The Bazaruto Archipelago remains a hitherto unspoilt seascape where the ocean’s pulse beats strong and wild
Here, the Bazaruto Centre for Scientific Studies (BCSS) – Africa’s first permanent Ocean Observatory – offers divers unparalleled access to one of the world’s richest underwater ecosystems Diving from BCSS’ research station offers a truly unique experience, combining scientific expertise, cutting-edge technology, and access to exclusive, research-verified dive locations Strategically positioned within the Bazaruto Archipelago, BCSS provides seamless access to an extraordinary variety of dive sites, from vibrant coral reefs to open-ocean pelagic encounters far beyond the limite traditional diving activities in the ar
BCSS’ pioneering Ocean Ma Monitoring programme has me mapped 13 remote coral and rock 3D. A first-of-its-kind achieveme region, it allows divers to pre-visu adventure before descending in underwater wonders With e informed by the latest research scientific exploration have deep organisation’s understanding o ecology, from seasonal species pr migratory patterns and ocea influences
From cleaning stations frequented manta rays to deep, sharkpinnacles, the archipelago’s dive s diverse as the marine life they Whether you’re an avid explorer se thrill of the unknown or a con minded diver drawn to the inter science and adventure, Bazaruto an unforgettable experience
A MARINE BIODIVERSITY HOTSPOT LIKE NO OTHER
The Archipelago’s waters are a confluence of warm Indian Ocean currents and nutrientrich upwellings, making them a magnet for marine life With over 56 species of sharks and rays including bull sharks, hammerheads, and oceanic blacktips plus five sea turtle species, seasonal humpback whales, and even the elusive dugong, it’s almost like Africa’s underwater Serengeti
Beyond its megafauna, the seascape features the world’s second-most diverse coral reefs, vibrant seagrass meadows, and pinnacles teeming with megafauna Tidal channels act as hunting grounds for trevallies and barracudas, while deep canyons and drop-offs draw in large pelagic sharks Each dive offers a new experience, a testament to the ever-changing nature of this marine wilderness
EXPLORING BAZARUTO’S RESEARCH-VERIFIED
MOST ICONIC DIVE SITES
Three Trees
One of the archipelago’s premier cleaning stations, this site attracts giant mantas and bull sharks in an isolated reef surrounded by sand The presence of large coral bommies and rocky substrates makes it a hub for pelagic visitors This is where cleaner fish do their work
The Gap (2 Mile Reef)
Where the inner archipelago meets the open ocean, The Gap is a vibrant drop-off that hosts a staggering array of marine life Reef sharks, turtles, trevallies, and schooling fish congregate here, drawn by shifting tides and nutrient flows Visibility is often among the best in the region, making it a great site for both macro and big-animal encounters
Turtle Coves
This shallow coral patch, surrounded by sand, serves as a cleaning station for sea turtles Divers can observe these ancient mariners resting as cleaner fish work their magic Occasional visitors include sharks, devil rays, and even dolphins
Marine Pinnacles
Reserved for seasoned divers, this deep reef sits at the edge of a 300-metre canyon, attracting some of the archipelago’s largest inhabitants Car-sized groupers lurk among the pinnacles, while pelagic sharks including hammerheads cruise through the current Giant manta rays make frequent appearances as well
Area 51
As the name suggests, this site is full of surprises A dramatic pinnacle rising from a deep channel, Area 51 is a hotspot for hammerheads, zebra sharks, and even yellowfin tuna The ever-changing conditions mean you never know what might appear in the blue
The Rollercoaster
Located in the San Sebastian sanctuary, this site is a submerged mountain chain that draws a dizzying variety of marine life Strong currents carry nutrient-rich waters over the peaks, creating an ecosystem where anything from massive trevally shoals to passing whale sharks can appear
The FAD
At first glance, this artificial reef formed around an old tractor engine seems out of place Yet, life has transformed it into a bustling ecosystem, home to thousands of small fish, lionfish, crabs, and more The metal structure is a testament to the resilience of marine ecosystems and a reminder that some discarded objects can host new life underwater, as long as they’re not made of toxic materials that might be harmful to wildlife
Shark Vaal
A rugged deep-water plateau characterised by unpredictable conditions, Shark Vaal is a favourite among experienced divers Crevasses along the reef shelter groupers and reef fish, while eagle rays and bull sharks frequently patrol the edges Due to shifting visibility caused by nearby sandbanks, every dive here is a gamble with the potential for an unforgettable sighting around every corner
DIVING INTO THE FUTURE
For those drawn to adventure and conservation, Bazaruto offers more than just an incredible dive trip it provides an opportunity to be part of something bigger Through its Explorer and Expedition Diving Packages, BCSS allows visiting divers to experience world-class sites while contributing to ongoing research Whether it’s tracking megafauna, assisting in coral surveys, or simply soaking in the raw beauty of this underwater Eden, every dive here leaves a lasting impact
BCSS’ facility offers world-class diving, exploratory expeditions to unknown sites, and unique opportunities for underwater photography and videography Plus, as a non-profit, every dive directly supports marine conservation and scientific research making your adventure both meaningful and unforgettable
In the words of BCSS Marine Operations Manager Mauro Jije: ‘The combination of untouched reefs, a wide range of corals, and unpredictable wildlife makes diving in the Bazaruto Archipelago so special. Every day is different; you never know what you may encounter.’
LOWER-BACK PAIN PREVENTION
DIVE FITNESS
TEXTBYJESSICAB.ADAMS,PH.D.
YOU HAVE PLANNED FINANCIALLY FOR YOUR DIVE VACATION Isn’t it time to implement a health and fitness plan to ensure you feel your best and can make the most of your trip? Chronic back pain is a major health challenge that limits comfortable participation in many physical activities such as scuba diving Prevention is generally much more practical and effective than treatment Regular exercise is a great way to free yourself from lower-back pain Getting into the habit of doing exercises such as the ones in this article is a great way to promote good spine health
These stretches are frequently prescribed to people with lower-back pain for rehabilitation, but if you currently have lower-back pain, be sure to consult with your physician or physical therapist prior to doing these exercises
Complete these stretches five to 10 times You can (and should) perform these exercises daily
One of the most important areas to stretch for prevention of lower-back pain is your hamstrings. Your hamstrings run down the backs of your legs from your sitting bones (ischium) to just below your knees, crossing both your hip and knee joints. Tight hamstrings place unnecessary pressure on your lower back, which can lead to pain and musculoskeletal imbalances.
LYING HAMSTRING STRETCH
This stretch is done near a door or wall The position places minimal stress on the lower back, allowing you to relax and move deeper into the stretch
1. Lie on your back with one leg near the vertical surface
2. Place the opposite leg on the floor.
3. Work the first leg up the wall toward a perpendicular stance and hold for 20-30 seconds.
4 Lower the raised leg back toward the
SCISSOR HAMSTRING STRETCH
This stretch allows you to engage both hamstrings simultaneously
1. Step your right foot in front of your left, about a foot apart
2. Place your hands on your hips
3. Keep your hips and shoulders facing forward (the hip of the leading leg will move forward so make a conscious effort to bring it back).
4. Keep your chest up and your head in a neutral position.
5. Squeeze your shoulder blades together and down
6. Flex at your hips toward your front leg as far as you can without bending your knee
7. Hold for 20-30 seconds while breathing
8 Repeat on the opposite side
BENT - KNEE SCISSOR HAMSTRING STRETCH
You will feel this stretch higher in the hamstring of your front leg
1. Step your right foot further forward than in the last stretch
2. Place your hands on your hips
3. Bend your right knee.
4. Make sure your weight is in your heel, not your toes.
5. Keep your chest up and shoulder blades down and back.
6. Flex forward, folding at your hips as far as you can.
7. Hold for 20 seconds.
8. Repeat on the opposite side.
Tip: Be sure to have your front foot far enough forward to keep your knee behind your toes You can hold onto a secure surface, such as a chair or wall, for balance
PIRIFORMIS STRETCH
The piriformis muscle runs through the gluteal region A tight piriformis can place pressure on the sciatic nerve, causing lowerback and leg pain This stretch affects both the lower-back and piriformis muscles
1. Lie on your back with your knees bent 2. Place your right ankle on your left thigh
DEEP PIRIFORMIS / HIP STRETCH
1. Start on your hands and knees with your hands under your shoulders and your knees under your hip
2. Keeping your knees in place, swing both ankles to the right
3. Extend your right leg and step it over your left
4. Move your hips backward, sliding your right foot back and bringing your right shoulder toward your left knee
Tip: Try to keep your left foot from falling behind you
DAN NOTE
To avoid an increased risk of decompression sickness, DAN recommends that divers avoid strenuous exercise for 24 hours after making a dive During your annual physical exam or following any changes in your health status, consult your physician to ensure you have medical clearance to dive.
“Lower-Back
Pain Prevention & Spine Health”
ProsChooseDAN TrustedWhenItMattersMost
Richie Kohler, Professional diver, shipwreck researcher, and film-maker, explains why he chooses DAN.
WEARING CONTACT LENSES WHILE DIVING
FROM THE MEDICAL LINE
DAN MEDICS & RESEARCHERS ANSWER YOUR DIVE MEDICINE QUESTIONS
Q | Is it safe to wear soft contact lenses while diving?
Many divers wear contact lenses without issue during their dives. It’s crucial, however, to be aware of potential challenges, such as increased dryness or irritation due to factors like dry air in the dive mask, prolonged wear, mask squeezes, or exposure to saltwater. Maintaining good hygiene practices, including thorough handwashing before handling lenses and avoiding contamination, is essential
The general recommendations for divers who wear contacts include using preservative-free lubricating drops, ensuring the dive mask fits properly to minimise leakage, and having a backup pair of glasses in case of discomfort or issues underwater Individual tolerance and experiences may vary, and divers should be attentive to any discomfort, redness, or irritation during a dive If any of those signs occur, discontinue the dive and seek medical attention If you have specific concerns or problems related to wearing contacts while diving, consult an eye care professional or an ophthalmologist, especially one with
expertise in dive medicine, who can provide personalised advice and recommendations.
Shannon Sunset, AEMT, NCPT
Q | Does DAN have information regarding diving for individuals with low iron levels or who have undergone an IV iron infusion?
Anaemia itself may not categorically prohibit diving, but your doctor should clear you for diving only after considering multiple factors, including identifying the cause of your anaemia One concern revolves around the impact of anaemia on exercise tolerance, a crucial aspect for divers who may need reserve strength and endurance for emergencies Anaemia diminishes the blood’s oxygen-carrying capacity, potentially affecting stamina and the ability to respond effectively in challenging underwater situations
A significant worry related to anaemia is its potential to induce a rapid or irregular heartbeat (arrhythmia) When coupled with exercise and the vascular fluid shifts that occur with diving, anaemic divers may face an increased risk of heart problems,
particularly if they are predisposed to or have existing cardiovascular conditions Anaemia imposes an augmented workload on the heart as it compensates for decreased oxygen levels
Factors such as anaemia severity, response to the infusion, and overall health affect the waiting period before resuming diving after a required IV iron infusion Following an iron infusion, the body requires time to replenish and utilise iron, enhancing haemoglobin levels and oxygen-carrying capacity The recovery period varies; it can take weeks to months for the body to fully adjust and stabilise iron and haemoglobin levels No diving should occur soon after receiving iron infusions and during recovery
Clearance for diving hinges on individual response to iron treatment, normalisation of iron levels, improvement in anaemia, and the restoration of exercise capacity Close monitoring and assessment by your physician team are essential to your return to diving.
Shannon Sunset, AEMT, NCPT
SILVIA FERRARI
RESEARCH PROFILE | USING ROBOTICS RESEARCH TO IMPROVE DIVER SAFETY
TEXT BY MADELINE COOMBS AND FRAUKE TILLMANS, PHD
KNOWN FOR HER WORK in developing sophisticated algorithms and methods for managing and coordinating complex systems, Silvia Ferrari has applied her expertise to integrating scuba diving technology with robotic systems.
Her research focuses on underwater robotics, autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs), and robots designed for aquatic environments By incorporating dive technologies into these robotic systems, Ferrari is advancing the capabilities of AUVs and making notable contributions to robotics and underwater exploration
Ferrari is the director of the Laboratory for Intelligent Systems and Controls (LISC), associate dean for Cross-Campus Engineering Research, and the John Brancaccio Professor of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering at Cornell University
Tell us about your position and what drew you to this role.
I’m a mechanical and aerospace engineering professor at Cornell University, and my focus is on intelligent systems,
artificial intelligence (AI), robotics, and control theory. I received my PhD in aerospace engineering from Princeton University, where I studied aircraft guidance, control, and navigation. Over time my work has expanded to include sensor networks, autonomous vehicles, and active perception, influencing projects such as assistive devices for scuba divers and human–robot interactions.
During my undergraduate studies, my advisor introduced me to optimal control theory Its wide range of applications fascinated me and led me to pursue a PhD in this area Optimal control was initially popular in aerospace and chemical engineering but soon found applications elsewhere
My advisor also suggested I explore artificial neural networks, which introduced me to AI back when early neural networks were just emerging I worked on reconfigurable air traffic control As a professor, I shifted my focus to sensing, perception, and areas such as robotics and autonomous systems, where many new applications have since opened
How do you integrate scuba diving into your research?
Several years ago my team started working on various games, including computer and tabletop games such as Clue Our work evolved to include sports because we found they were a great way to study problems with clear rules and goals, which helped us develop adaptive and intelligent systems I became known for my research in AI for sports
Around the same time, some colleagues began discussing applications for divers with the Navy. They invited me to join their proposal, which was a perfect fit for my background in perception and adapting to challenging environments. My focus shifted to underwater sensing and autonomy, which led to research on robots that assist divers to make them safer and help them with complex underwater tasks
Perception has a critical role because underwater environments present significant challenges, such as low visibility, that complicate computer vision and general perception These issues made us realise that human–robot interactions underwater are particularly difficult due to challenging communications and harsh conditions Together with my research group in the LISC Jia Guo, PhD; student Sushrut Surve; master’s students Jovan Menez and Yiting (Jerry) Jin; and diver expert Daniele Fragiacomo we developed a hydrodynamic model and an underwater simulation environment in the lab to test robots and complex scenarios without actual diving We’re currently working on a diver avatar to enhance our research on underwater human–robot collaboration
Tell us more about developing the avatar. The team has been working on developing a special drysuit with a set of sensors, which we call the Movella Xsens MVN Link™ suit The sensors were initially designed for use in dry lab settings, where they track body
movements to create accurate virtual avatars They work by capturing the 3D shape, pose, and position of a person in a lab environment These sensors aren’t suitable for underwater use as they originally relied on wireless communication, which didn’t perform well in the water due to high signal noise
We ran into issues even when we switched to wired sensors because the algorithms were not designed for underwater conditions. To solve that problem, we created an underwater version of simultaneous localisation and mapping (SLAM) integrated with these sensors. This approach allows us to accurately measure a diver’s position and movement while swimming. We then combined this with mathematical models from our collaborators to develop a physics-based model of human swimming
What other challenges have you faced besides environmental factors when integrating underwater sensors?
The biggest challenge is getting robots to interpret a diver’s state, emotions, and physiological condition Divers experience stress from various sources: physiological, psychological, environmental, and cognitive We’re working closely with divers to understand these stressors and are collaborating with other groups to develop wearable sensors Our goal is to integrate these sensors with the robot’s data, such as sonar, to better understand the diver’s condition, which is crucial for decisionmaking and mission effectiveness
For practical testing, our team at Cornell uses a pool for experiments with divers Since pool testing is costly and timeconsuming, we’re also developing a virtual reality environment to simulate underwater conditions This virtual setup will help us test technologies and complex scenarios, such as low visibility or ocean currents, without putting divers at risk. We’re working with
others to create realistic underwater environments and integrate wearable sensors virtually, allowing us to test and refine our approaches safely and effectively
You also work with underwater vehicles, primarily for exploration purposes. Tell us about that.
Over the years I’ve worked extensively with the Office of Naval Research and various naval bases on underwater autonomy Our work has primarily focused on underwater vehicles used for anti-submarine warfare, which involves a lot of sensing and adapting to ocean currents. We’ve had to learn about estimating and using these currents for navigation, which is also relevant for scuba divers because currents also affect them.
I’ve also worked on small vehicles for detecting and classifying underwater explosives, which is important for national security These vehicles, such as the REMUS 100, are equipped with crucial sensors, and processing the data from these sensors is essential This expertise is also applicable to scuba diving, as some divers perform similar underwater tasks
What other projects are you working on?
I’m really excited about using our tools to analyse accidents, similar to how the aerospace community reconstructs aeroplane crashes If a scuba diver were
equipped with advanced sensors and something went wrong, the collected data could help us reconstruct the incident
By combining this data with simulations and testing it with a diver, we can better understand what went wrong and improve safety
I am discussing with the Office of Naval Research how to apply these technologies to support Navy divers and Marines who face high stress levels. The aim is to use these devices for training and to get insight into how stress impacts their cognitive and psychological states.
We’re also exploring virtual reality tools to study divers and dive-related medical conditions in a lab setting. This research could eventually extend to other challenging environments, such as high altitudes or hyperbaric chambers We’re collaborating with teams who specialise in undersea medicine
Additionally, we’re working on developing underwater sensors tailored to these specific conditions Although these sensors are still in the developmental phase, their advancements have the potential to benefit a range of fields, including those that include other extreme conditions that athletes and military personnel face
ProsChooseDAN TrustedWhenItMattersMost
Michael AW, Underwater Photographer, Director, Board Member, Ocean Geographic, explains why he chooses DAN.
DAN E-LEARNING RISK MITIGATION
ESSENTIALEDUCATIONFORALLDIVERS
TEXTBYFRANCOISBURMAN,PR.ENG.,MSC,&JOANNPERRY,MSE
DAN’S VISION IS TO MAKE EVERY DIVE INCIDENT- AND ACCIDENT-FREE Improvements in training, equipment, operations, dive boats, and dive computers have made diving significantly safer The safety of a dive, however, relies heavily on the diver’s practices
DAN has a long history of providing safetyfocused educational content through articles, seminars, booklets, and brochures Much of that content is freely available on the DAN E-Learning platform for anyone wanting to learn more about dive safety
Industry experts and professionals continually revise the e-learning modules based on current knowledge, good practices, medical topics, and identified accident prevention needs The interactive modules include numerous resources and tools, and some provide the knowledge you need for discussing concerns with your doctor. You can pick topics that are of interest or are relevant to your safety.
BEST PRACTICES MODULES
There are two versions of the Prepared Diver programme. The first is available to any diver. Dive professionals, for example, can send it to their new students to help them develop a safety mindset. The second version gives dive professionals more insight into what all divers can do to be safer Additional best practices modules include Assurance of Breathing-Gas Quality, Dive Boat Safety Best Practices, and two Environmental Stewardship courses one for divers and one for dive operators and professionals
SAFETY MODULES
A range of tools is available to help ensure your safety, such as Emergency Planning for the Diver and Breathing Underwater Is an Unnatural Act
The emergency planning, risk assessment,
and dive safety officer modules are intended for operators and professionals Be sure to ask your instructor, dive guide, or dive operator if they know about these essential safety and accident-prevention programmes Their knowledge and preparedness directly affect your safety
Education should never stop, and the newest programme, intended for all professionals, follows the concept of a continuing education programme Many professions including medicine, insurance, engineering, law, and accounting require ongoing learning, and dive professionals similarly should remain current with their knowledge and safety practices Liability for the Dive Professional is the first module available in the programme, and DAN will roll out new modules each year
MEDICAL MODULES
With a long history of sharing knowledge in dive medicine, DAN has a repository of medical history and advice that comes from handling more than 40 emergency and nonemergency calls every day. Some of the world’s foremost and most experienced doctors, clinicians, medics, researchers, and engineers have contributed to the medical modules. Topics include Ears and Diving; Diabetes and Recreational Diving; Inert Gas Exchange, Bubbles, and Decompression Theory; The Optimal Path; Pathophysiology of Decompression Illness; and the core course of Essentials in Dive Medicine, which is designed for physicians contemplating joining the field
DAN also provides education in recompression chamber operations A newly developed online module that focuses on treating injured divers is primarily offered to facilities in remote areas, where training for local staff is very limited DAN has already provided this training to facilities in the Caribbean, Mediterranean, Middle East, East Africa, and the Maldives
COMING SOON
With more divers travelling to remote regions, DAN developed the Remote Diving module to help dive operators prepare divers who are concerned about their safety and assure them that suitable plans are in place Operators and businesses can also take an associated survey to provide a safety score for each expedition Divers who complete the module can discuss what they learn with their operator or trip planner
The Briefings and Checklists training will have interactive components allowing dive professionals to develop tools that match their operations Divers can enhance their safety education by learning what to expect from a dive leader
FIRST AID PROGRAMMES
DAN’s e-learning system is also the platform for a series of CPR modules, each of which has an associated certification cost The courses include Basic Life Support, Emergency Oxygen for Scuba Diving Injuries, and the most comprehensive course in the industry, Diving First Aid. Divers should ensure that a suitably trained provider with current certification is on every dive excursion.
As the educational experts in dive safety and medicine, DAN strives to share that expertise with the entire industry. We hope that divers, dive professionals, and even potential divers take advantage of the wealth of free resources on the DAN E-Learning platform.
DRINK AND DIVE? JUST SAY NO!
RISK MITIGATION | TEXT BY THE DAN TEAM
HAVE YOU EVER THOUGHT ABOUT COMBINING YOUR LOVE FOR DIVING WITH THE THRILL OF SIPPING COCKTAILS? Well, let me tell you, it’s a wild ride! But before you grab that drink and plunge into the deep blue, let’s chat about why sometimes it’s best to just say “No” when it comes to mixing alcohol and diving
THE ALLURE OF DIVING
Why Dive? Diving is like entering another world Picture this: you’re surrounded by vibrant coral reefs, schools of fish dancing around you, and a peaceful silence that’s hard to find on land It’s an escape, a chance to connect with nature in a way that’s both exhilarating and calming
The Thrill of the Drink: Now, let’s not forget about the drinks! Whether it’s a tropical cocktail, a cold beer, or a fancy mocktail, there’s something about sipping a refreshing beverage that just screams vacation But, mixing the two? That’s where the trouble begins
THE RISKS OF MIXING ALCOHOL AND DIVING
Dehydration Dilemma: Did you know that alcohol is a diuretic? That means it can
dehydrate you faster than you can say “bottoms up!” And trust me, dehydration and diving don’t mix well You need to be well-hydrated to ensure your body can handle the pressure underwater
Impaired Judgment: Ever heard the saying, “liquid courage”? Well, it might lead you to make some questionable decisions When you’ve had a drink or two, your judgment can go out the window This can lead to dangerous situations, like diving too deep or ignoring safety protocols Yikes!
WHAT HAPPENS WHEN YOU DRINK BEFORE DIVING?
The Dangers of “Buzzed” Diving: So, what’s the big deal about diving after a drink? First off, your body’s reaction time can slow down Imagine trying to navigate a tight spot in a reef while your reflexes are lagging Not fun!
The Risk of DCS (Decompression Sickness): Diving is all about managing the pressure around you When you drink, your body’s ability to cope with pressure changes can be compromised. This can lead to decompression sickness, commonly known as “the bends.” It’s not just painful; it can be life-threatening!
ALTERNATIVES TO DRINKING BEFORE DIVING
Mocktails anding Alternatives: Just because you’re diving doesn’t mean you have to miss out on the fun Why not whip up some delicious mocktails? Think of minty mojitos or fruity piña coladas sans the alcohol They’ll keep you refreshed and ready to dive!
Hydration is Key: Make sure to hydrate with water or electrolyte drinks before you hit the waves Your body will thank you, and you’ll have a much better diving experience
Conclusion: Just Say No! So, the next time you’re tempted to sip on a cocktail before diving, take a moment to think about the risks involved It’s all about making smart choices to ensure your underwater adventures are safe and enjoyable Remember, when it comes to drinking and diving, sometimes it’s better to just say “No”! Happy diving!
Fun Fact: Did you know that the world’s largest underwater sculpture park is located in Grenada? It’s a sight to behold, and a perfect reason to dive sober!
“Have you ever thought about combining your love for diving with the thrill of sipping cocktails?”
ProsChooseDAN TrustedWhenItMattersMost
Maurtius Valente Bell, Dive Safety Officer, California Academy of Sciences, explains why he chooses DAN.
DIVE PRO & BUSINESS LIABILITY INSURANCE
RISK MITIGATION | REVOLUTIONISING INSURANCE FOR DIVE PROFESSIONALS
BY THE BI-ME & ITOO TEAMS
DAN PARTNERS WITH BI-ME AND ITOO TO LAUNCH COMPREHENSIVE LIABILITY AND INDEMNITY COVER FOR DIVERS. In a groundbreaking collaboration, with the world’s most recognised and respected dive safety organisation, Divers Alert Network Southern Africa has partnered with Bi-me South Africa’s leading digital business insurance platform to offer specialised insurance coverage tailored for the diving community Developed in conjunction with iTOO, Hollard’s specialist liability provider, this strategic alliance introduces SureThing Diver Cover, an innovative insurance product designed to protect diving professionals across South Africa
A COLLABORATIVE EFFORT TO SAFEGUARD DIVING PROFESSIONALS
The diving industry presents unique risks and liability challenges that standard insurance policies often fail to fully address Recognising this, DAN Southern Africa, Bime, and iTOO have come together to fill this critical gap by offering a comprehensive, allin-one policy that covers a broad spectrum of liabilities
The SureThing Diver Cover consolidates multiple liability concerns including bodily injury, property damage, professional indemnity, and product liability into a single, seamless policy. Notably, it also includes coverage for legal costs associated with third-party claims, ensuring that dive operators and professionals can focus on their passion without the financial burden of unforeseen liabilities.
BRINGING DIGITAL INNOVATION TO THE DIVING INDUSTRY
Launched in 2021, Bi-me (bi-mecoza) was South Africa’s first fully digital business insurance platform, representing a significant leap forward in how small businesses and professionals access and manage their insurance
With its intuitive, user-friendly interface, the platform enables diving businesses to:
Obtain instant online quotes without broker intervention
Purchase coverage digitally and generate policy documentation immediately
TEXT
Access policy details 24/7 through an online portal
Experience a streamlined, paperless claims process
Benefit from direct integration with leading insurers and underwriting agencies.
"Our digital-first approach eliminates the traditional barriers to accessing specialised business insurance," says Francois Potgieter, CEO of Bi-me. "By partnering with DAN SA, we're extending this innovation to the diving industry, making comprehensive insurance accessible at the click of a button"
REVOLUTIONISING INSURANCE ACCESS FOR THE DIVING COMMUNITY
The partnership between DAN SA, Bi-me, and iTOO underscores a shared commitment to enhancing diver safety and financial security For DAN SA an organization dedicated to promoting diver health and safety ensuring accessible, affordable, and effective insurance for diving professionals was a natural step forward
With many dive operators running small businesses, balancing cost and coverage has always been a challenge SureThing Diver Cover bridges this gap by bundling critical protections, such as public liability and professional indemnity, into a single, easyto-manage policy
"The diving industry has distinct insurance requirements that traditional policies often fail to comprehensively address," explains Morné Christou, CEO of DAN Southern Africa. "This partnership with Bi-me and iTOO ensures that our members gain access to specialised coverage that truly understands the intricacies of diving operations."
As South Africa's first all-in-one, all-risk thirdparty legal liability policy, SureThing Diver Cover has been meticulously tailored
to safeguard diving operators, instructors, and businesses from the diverse risks they face in their daily activities
Key Benefits for the Diving Industry
Seamless digital application quick, hassle-free sign-up via Bi-me's online platform.
Comprehensive third-party liability protection, specifically designed for diving operations.
Simplified claims process, backed by industry-specific expertise
Cost-effective insurance solutions, accessible to diving businesses of all sizes
This collaboration marks a significant milestone in protecting South Africa’s diving industry, ensuring that dive professionals can focus on delivering world-class diving experiences without worrying about potential legal or financial setbacks
A BOLD STEP TOWARD A SAFER, MORE RESILIENT DIVING COMMUNITY
As DAN Southern Africa, Bi-me, and iTOO roll out this initiative, they set a powerful precedent for innovation in insurance By customising SureThing for the diving industry, they demonstrate the value of collaboration in developing specialised insurance solutions for niche professions
For dive operators, instructors, and business owners, this means greater peace of mind knowing they are fully protected against unforeseen risks On a broader scale, this initiative raises the standard for how specialized industries access and manage insurance, reinforcing the importance of partnership-driven innovation.
For more information about SureThing Diver Cover, visit bi-me.co.za or contact DAN Southern Africa directly at liability@dansa.org.
PROS CHOOSE DAN
Known as the “Crown Jewel of the Coral Triangle,” visiting Raja Ampat is a bucketlist experience like no other
A WORLD BENEATH THE WAVES
Imagine soaring weightlessly through crystal-clear, warm waters, surrounded by an underwater spectacle unlike any other Below, a vast coral reef stretches endlessly into the distance a thriving, underwater garden of incredible proportions
Giant beds of Staghorn and Antler corals extend as far as the eye can see, forming a living, breathing carpet teeming with life Schools of thousands of fusiliers flow effortlessly over the reef, gliding in shimmering, synchronized waves Bathed in twinkling sunlight, this mesmerizing dive site, Melissa’s Garden, is just one of many within Raja Ampat, a UNESCO World Heritage site
Curtains of fish surround divers in a breathtaking display, their sheer numbers so dense they obscure the surface Like a fluid jigsaw puzzle, they move in perfect harmony, filling the azure water with threedimensional life With over 1,400 species of fish recorded in the area, Raja Ampat’s unparalleled biodiversity is one of its greatest treasures
From the sleek, silvery barracuda cruising through the current to the powerful Giant Trevally hunting over the reef, each dive is an exhilarating encounter with nature’s raw beauty
A TAPESTRY OF CORAL
What truly sets Raja Ampat’s reefs apart is their astonishing coral diversity With over 500 species of hard and soft corals, these waters hold one of the most vibrant, untouched underwater landscapes on Earth
HUGE CORAL PLATES ARE A COMMON SITE IN THESE WATERS, EACH ONE MORE BEAUTIFUL THAN THE NEXT.
HUGE CORAL PLATES ARE A COMMON SITE IN THESE WATERS, EACH ONE MORE BEAUTIFUL THAN THE NEXT.
Massive plate corals, some the size of dining tables, thrive in these protected waters, their rugged surfaces providing the perfect hiding spots for wobbegong sharks With their flattened bodies and remarkable camouflage, these peculiar-looking sharks are a fascinating sight often spotted by divers but rarely noticed at first glance
Like swathes of color from an artist’s brush, graceful gorgonians sway in the current, their intricate branches home to an extraordinary world of minute marine life Hidden among them are hairy shrimp the size of a grain of rice, while vividly colored mantis shrimp peek out from their burrows, their eyes scanning curiously
One of Raja Ampat’s most prized sightings is the pygmy seahorse, a tiny, knobbly pink marvel so well camouflaged that spotting one is an achievement worth celebrating
ANCIENT GIANTS AND GENTLE MANTAS
Among Raja Ampat’s most revered marine residents are its ancient giant clams, some hundreds of years old Protected by local communities, these clams remain untouched by time, their luminescent emerald and violet interiors dazzling those lucky enough to see them
But perhaps the most awe-inspiring encounters come in the form of graceful manta rays These gentle giants glide effortlessly through the currents, their majestic presence both humbling and mesmerizing Watching them soar through the water is a moment that stays with you forever
Known as “The Last Paradise,” Raja Ampat’s reefs remain largely intact and pristine, offering a rare glimpse into what coral ecosystems should look like when properly
THE GIANT CLAMS OF ARBOREK JETTY -
protected With biodiversity levels unmatched anywhere on the planet, it’s no wonder these volcanic islands are the Crown Jewel of the Coral Triangle
CONSERVATION IN RAJA AMPAT
While a park fee is required to enter Raja Ampat, unfortunately, proceeds go directly to Jakarta rather than benefiting local conservation efforts To counter this, local communities have introduced their own tourism tax, ensuring that resources go directly toward protecting the reefs
Collected discreetly while guests are diving, this community-led initiative funds patrols that actively guard against illegal fishing and other threats
Despite these efforts, plastic pollution remains a challenge Ocean currents bring debris from Java, resulting in surface
patches of plastic in certain areas Ongoing conservation efforts aim to combat this, but awareness and action from visitors play a crucial role in preserving these remarkable waters
HOW TO DIVE RAJA AMPAT
Best Time to Go: The prime diving season runs from October to May, with April offering fewer crowds Given its renowned reputation, many liveaboards and dive boats frequent these waters, making it challenging to have a reef to yourself
Accommodation Options: You can choose between land-based stays or liveaboard trips:
Resorts and homestays are ideal for those planning extended stays
Liveaboards cater to shorter trips (typically 10 days) and provide access to more remote dive sites
A HUGE ANEMONE WITH ITS RESIDENT CLOWNFISH FROM MY REEF - ONE OF MANY TREASURES FOUND ON THIS DIVE SITE.
A HUGE ANEMONE WITH ITS RESIDENT CLOWNFISH FROM MY REEF - ONE OF MANY TREASURES FOUND ON THIS DIVE SITE.
Liveaboards typically include meals and multiple daily dives, often making them a more cost-effective option than land-based alternatives
RECOMMENDED DIVE OPERATOR
I personally chose Liquid Adventures and highly recommend them (unsponsored) They offer an 11-day liveaboard for $2,450, a fantastic choice for eco-conscious, budgetminded travellers
Unlike larger operators, Liquid Adventures caps groups at 8 guests instead of the usual 20 or more, creating a personalized, flexible experience Their ever-smiling crew, all part of the same family, make the journey even more special
Getting There
Flights: Depart from Jakarta or Bali, with a stopover in Makassar, before arriving in Sorong.
Ferry: From Sorong, take a ferry to Wasai, the gateway to Raja Ampat, where your adventure begins.
Visibility & Conditions
Visibility ranges from 10 to 30 meters (average: 15m).
While this may not sound ideal, nutrientrich waters sustain the incredible marine biodiversity, including manta rays and filter feeders
Skill Level & Requirements
A minimum of an Advanced Open Water certification is recommended Strong currents can be challenging, and preserving the reef is paramount
Despite high diver traffic, Raja Ampat’s reefs remain remarkably intact Coral bleaching is minimal, affecting only one or two dive sites, while the majority remain healthy, vibrant, and thriving
FINAL ADVICE
Paul, founder of Liquid Adventures, shares a few key insights:
"Do your research Understand what the boat is offering and what you can expect to see it varies throughout the year Also, a more expensive trip doesn’t always mean a better experience"
A DIVE INTO PARADISE
Raja Ampat is more than just a dive destination it’s an immersive journey into one of the planet’s most pristine marine environments With its vibrant coral gardens, teeming marine life, and deeply committed local conservation efforts, this underwater wonderland offers an experience unlike any other
Once you’ve dived Raja Ampat, it’s impossible not to dream of returning
A CURTAIN OF GORGONIANS AND FETHER-STARS.
A CURTAIN OF GORGONIANS AND FETHER-STARS.
HUGE, SOFT CORRAL STRUCTURES THAT FILL THE HUGE, SOFT CORRAL STRUCTURES THAT FILL THE SPACE BETWEEN BOULDERS. SPACE BETWEEN BOULDERS.
ProsChooseDAN TrustedWhenItMattersMost
Windell John Regional Watersports Manager Eastern & Southern Caribbean Region, Sandals and Beaches Resorts, PADI® IDC Staff Instructor, explains why he chooses DAN.
TULAMBEN A
PARADISE FOR UNDERWATER PHOTOGRAPHERS
SPECIAL INTEREST
TEXT&PHOTOSBYADAM
SOKOLSKI
NEMBROTHA NUDIBRANCH NEMBROTHA NUDIBRANCH
COSTASIELLA USAGI SEA SLUG
COSTASIELLA USAGI SEA SLUG
TODAY, I WANT TO TAKE YOU ON A JOURNEY TO TULAMBEN, one of my favorite destinations for diving and underwater photography Nestled on the northeastern coast of Bali, this small fishing village has long been a magnet for divers and photographers from around the world. Renowned as a macro photography mecca, Tulamben offers exceptional conditions for capturing some of the ocean’s tiniest and most fascinating marine creatures. Alongside destinations like Anilao, Romblon, and Lembeh, it stands as one of the premier locations for macro photography enthusiasts
DIVING IN TULAMBEN
Diving in Tulamben is primarily shore-based, with small trucks transporting divers and their gear to various dive sites Macro dives here are classic muck dives, where photographers search for elusive critters on seemingly barren, sandy seabeds Thanks to the typically calm waters and mild currents, photographing ultra-small subjects becomes much easier Visibility ranges between 15 to 25 meters, though it can drop significantly during heavy rains or strong winds, which can also make shore entries and exits more challenging
Many local dive centers specialize in underwater photography, offering wellequipped facilities with camera rinse tanks and dedicated workstations After a dive, you can unwind at a small local warung (restaurant), enjoy delicious Balinese cuisine, and sip a cup of hot tea while reviewing your latest captures
THE LEGENDARY USS LIBERTY WRECK
Tulamben’s most famous dive site is undoubtedly the USS Liberty wreck an American cargo ship torpedoed during World War II. Resting at a depth of 5 to 30 meters, the wreck is accessible to divers of all skill levels. Over the years, it has become encrusted with vibrant corals and now hosts an astonishing variety of marine life, making
it an ideal site for wide-angle photography
Schools of jacks, barracuda, and bumphead parrotfish frequently patrol the wreck, offering endless photo opportunities
A MACRO PHOTOGRAPHER’S DREAM
What truly sets Tulamben apart, however, are its world-class macro dive sites, teeming with rare and fascinating critters. Among the colorfoul nudibranchs, tiny shrimps, frogfish, and seahorses, you’ll find some of the ocean’s most bizarre and beautiful marine species.
On my last trip, I was lucky enough to photograph Cyerce kikutarobabai, a stunning, vividly colored nudibranch a first for me, even after thousands of dives Thanks to my local dive guide, Dyon, I also encountered the Bornella anguilla, a mesmerising nudibranch that looks just like a miniature dragon
PLAN YOUR TRIP TO TULAMBEN
How to Get to Tulamben from the Airport: The most convenient way to reach Tulamben from Ngurah Rai International Airport (Denpasar) is by private taxi The journey takes around 25 to 3 hours, winding through lush mountains, vibrant towns, and picturesque rice fields Many dive resorts and hotels offer pre-arranged airport transfers, which are highly recommended for a hasslefree trip Keep in mind that the roads are narrow and winding, and traffic can be unpredictable, especially in tourist-heavy seasons
Where to Stay?
Tulamben offers a wide range of accommodation options, catering to all budgets and preferences. One of my favorite places to stay is Matahari Tulamben Resort, where guests receive exceptional hospitality and tailored support for their photography pursuits.
The resort’s owner, Ni Komang Suci, and her partner, Yuri Ivanov, are both highly experienced underwater photographers,
EMPEROR SHRIMP ON CERATOSOMA NUDIBRANCH
EMPEROR SHRIMP ON CERATOSOMA NUDIBRANCH
deeply attuned to the needs of their guests The resort provides ideal conditions for photographers, with specialized facilities and a team of expert dive guides who have an incredible talent for spotting rare marine life The welcoming atmosphere fosters knowledge-sharing among photography enthusiasts, making it a perfect place to connect with like-minded divers
BEST TIME TO VISIT TULAMBEN
The dry season (April to November) offers the best conditions for underwater photography, with stable weather and excellent visibility However, with climate patterns shifting, seasons can be unpredictable For example, last year, the rainy season arrived earlier than expected in mid-December, bringing heavy downpours and strong waves To avoid surprises, it’s always a good idea to check updated weather forecasts before your trip
A MUST-VISIT FOR UNDERWATER PHOTOGRAPHERS
Tulamben is a dream destination for underwater photographers of all levels Its unique dive sites, rich biodiversity, and exceptional conditions make it one of the world’s best locations for macro photography Whether you’re captivated by microscopic nudibranchs or majestic shipwrecks, Tulamben has something for everyone
I’ve been lucky enough to visit five times already, and I’m already planning my next trip If you’re passionate about underwater photography, I promise Tulamben will keep calling you back
FOLLOW ME ON INSTAGRAM
@adam
sokolski bluepix
REVIEW FROM DAN MEMBER
WAYNE LEIBACH
With 35 years of experience in the industrial and construction sectors, and an additional 9 years as a diving professional, I found the DAN courses to be the most beneficial These courses instilled in me the confidence to administer first aid The combination of DAN dive cover and round-the-clock assistance provides a reassuring safety net
ProsChooseDAN TrustedWhenItMattersMost
Michael Clarke, Group Director, Watersport & Marine Division, Sandals and Beaches Resorts, PADI® Course Director, explains why he chooses DAN
CALLING THE DAN HOTLINE
WHEN SHOULD I PHONE THE DAN HOTLINE?
All diving emergencies
Non-diving medical emergencies
Diving medical information, such as fitness to dive, medication, and travel medical advice and enquiries
Travel notifications and advice
Diving medical examiner contact details
International medical centres or doctors who want to confirm DAN memberships
WHAT DO I NEED TO HAVE READY?
The caller and/or patient’s name and contact number
The nature of the emergency
The patient’s DAN membership number, if applicable or known
The patient’s medical aid information, if the incident occurred within South Africa
The patient’s travel insurance information, if applicable
If the caller is not at the scene, at least one local contact number should be provided in order to reach the person that is in need of assistance, or those who are in charge of their care
WHAT HAPPENS AFTER I HAVE LOGGED THE EMERGENCY?
DAN makes a conference call to one of the on-call diving medical officers (DMOs) when an emergency call is received and the nature of the event has been established The DMO will provide specialist diving medical advice regarding how and what should be done immediately and will also make decisions concerning the further management of each case, depending on the situation
WILL I GET EVACUATION BY AIR?
Aeromedical resources, such as helicopters and air ambulances, cannot be dispatched unless authorised by the DMO It may take longer to activate an air ambulance than it would take to mobilise emergency medical services via a ground ambulance Several factors, aside from costs, will determine aeromedical evacuation
The DAN hotline provides emergency medical assistance to injured divers We encourage you to call early, even when you are uncertain, rather than wait until the situation has become critical as the opportunity to assist becomes more restricted.
DIVE ESSENTIALS
IMPORTANT FACTORS TRANSPORT
THE AVAILABILITY OF TRANSPORT
Is an air ambulance or a helicopter available?
THE INJURY
THE NATURE OF THE INJURY
How urgently does the patient need advanced life support and should they be moved to intensive care?
THE LOCATION
THE LOCATION OF THE PATIENT
What are the optimal logistical considerations for efficiently and safely moving the patient to a place where they can receive medical assessment and appropriate medical care, with appropriate medical support, during the transfer?
LANDING ZONE
VARIOUS ASPECTS REGARDING THE LANDING ZONE OR AIRPORT
Are these appropriate for a helicopter or a fixed-wing air ambulance? Are these open, particularly at night? What are the customs or immigration requirements? What are the implications of getting the patient to the landing zone or airport, or the crew to the patient?
ProsChooseDAN TrustedWhenItMattersMost
Stephen Frink, Underwater Photographer President, Waterhouse Tours, Publisher, Alert Diver® Magazine, explains why he chooses DAN.
PARTING SHOT
LINDA NESS | BEFORETIME
Photographer’s Name: Linda Ness
Equipment Used: Sony AR7 IV with a Sony 16-35mm f4 lens in my Nauticam housing, natural light, no strobes
Location: Out to sea with Animal Ocean, swimming in the seal colony under license, Duiker Island out of Hout Bay
Image Description: Playful Seals
That day, and every day I swam with the seals, I laughed into the water I love this image, I saw it about to happen - play biting, maybe a small tiff between two suitors, who knows? Lovely natural behaviour in the wild ocean, extreme eavesdropping in a small instant But not rabies Don Hunter calls the seals “light vampires” – they suck up the light and are quite difficult to image not least of all because they are much darker than the ambient surround, but also one of the most inquisitive, energetic and engaging animals of the ocean Steve Benjamin of Animal Ocean tells me, Cape Fur Seals are more African than us Africans, they have been here that long – “and there is nowhere else for them to go – this is their home!” he says The rabies infestation has changed their very existence and also the way we humans think about them – we have to be extremely wary of them now They have to be scared, not just of bad human habits, like overfishing, but now also of themselves! How terrible I will treasure those Beforetimes, this unlikely goofy swimming right in and amongst the water yoga gurus of the kelp gardens Animal Ocean has pivoted the business and goes to sea for all sorts of other cool reasons to do so, including continued celebration of these wonderful sea animals
