Northwest Farm and Ranch, December 2017

Pend Oreille Ferry

Bonner

Spokane

Lincoln

Grant

Boundary

Stevens

Kootenai

Benewah Adams

Whitman

Shoshone

Latah Clearwater

Franklin Yakima

Garfield Columbia

Benton

Nez Perce

Asotin

Walla Walla

Lewis

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Klickitat Umatilla

Wallowa

Morrow

Idaho

Union

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Canola crops surge as wheat prices drop Farmers look for alternatives to handle economic downturn — Page 8

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Moscow-Pullman Daily News

Farm and Ranch

Table of Contents Commitment key for 4-H Adult Leader of the Year Page 3 Are gypsy moths a threat?

Page 5 The times are tough for farmers Page 7 Growers’ ‘Do no harm’ message relayed to Congress Page 9

Moving forward.

Giving back.

Our mission is to support agriculture with reliable, consistent credit. As a cooperative, our members benefit through patronage dividends and our support of rural communities.

A century of helping Northwest producers has positioned us well to embrace the challenges and opportunities ahead. And we’ll continue moving forward and giving back for another 100 years.

Getting the drop to the crop Page 11 New ground broken in carbon sequestration Page 12 Connecting schools to local foods Page 13 Rise of ‘hobby farms’ means more growers get maimed, killed Page 14

800.743.2125 | northwestfcs.com Northwest Farm and Ranch is published quarterly by the Lewiston Tribune and Moscow-Pullman Daily News and printed at the Tribune Publishing Co. Inc.’s printing facility at 505 Capital St. in Lewiston.

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Editorial suggestions and ideas can be sent to Lee Rozen at lrozen@dnews.com or Doug Bauer at dbauer@lmtribune.com.

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| Saturday, December 30, 2017 | 3A

Commitment key for 4-H Adult Leader of the Year

Photos courtesy of Stephanie Lathrop

Stephanie Lathrop works with new 4H members Marcus Hocking and Jonah Snyder, telling them about cane cues and how to work with their pigs. Her son Levi Lathrop (far left) demonstrates with his pig, near grandson Ethan Ruckdashel (in green). Tristan Spooner works with his pig (far right).

Stephanie Lathrop contributes time and energy to Asotin County kids

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A high school student paused briefly as he entered a ring to guide a 6-yearold in his 4-H group to his pig.

The pigs in each weight group are let out all at once in the Asotin County Fair and identifying the right animal can be a little overwhelming.

It’s moments like that when Stephanie Lathrop, Asotin County’s 4H Adult Leader of the Year for 2016-17 feels as if she’s making a difference.

Lathrop, manager for the Learning Resources Center at Lewis-Clark State College, is a leader of the Muddy Buddyz group.

Its 12 members range in age from 6 years old to 18 years old and include her 16-year-old son, Levi, and 8-yearold grandson, Ethan Ruckdashel. She did 4-H briefly, belonging to a sewing group in fourth grade in Lewiston. And even though she stayed in the region, graduating from Grangeville High School, she didn’t become involved in 4-H again until Levi turned 10 years

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Leader from Page 3

be done, whether it’s breaking ice on a water trough or raising money for materials.

Her responsibilities as a leader are equal to that of having a second job, Lathrop said. “I have vacation that I donate. There’s nights and weekends.�

She spent recent months building a new covered pig enclosure, finding satisfaction as she worked in the cold, Lathrop said. “I see the end result and that’s what I need.�

Her group will raise 14 pigs, one for each member, one for a fundraiser raffle and an extra just in case something happens to one of the 12. “We spoil our pigs rotten,� Lathrop said. “They’ve only got four months with them and then they go to sale. ... It kind of helps them with their untimely demise.�

Throughout the year, she helps her members with a series of fundraisers to cover about $450 in expenses that go with raising each pig. There’s a chili cook-off, a hot cocoa sale at the annual Clarkston lighted Christmas parade and a bacon contest where cooks compete to see who can create

“

To have a positive impact on a kid, that’s the best thing in the world.�

Stephanie Lathrop the most delicious dish.

Fair weekend is a 24-hour-a-day commitment for her, Lathrop said. “We live at the fair. I bring my trailer and we don’t leave until Sunday.�

What the members learn through the series of activities are lessons that will benefit them for life, Lathrop said.

Once, a member hadn’t prepared a presentation and the judging was in less than 24 hours.

She didn’t settle for an excuse.

She paired the member with another parent and they practiced almost nonstop in the time that remained, more than meeting what was expected for the demonstration, Lathrop said. “To have a positive impact on a kid, that’s the best thing in the world.�

Elaine Williams may be contacted at ewilliam@ lmtribune.com or (208) 848-2261.

Not one to waste time, Stephanie Lathrop brought materials and her power tools to build a feed trough while waiting in line to buy a camper spot at the Asotin County Fairgrounds.

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Contributed photo

The Washington State Department of Agriculture recently discovered the firstever live female gypsy moths in the state, in addition to an abnormally large number of male moths.

Are gypsy moths a threat?

WSDA caught live female gypsy moths for the first time in 2017

By Kara McMurray Daily News staff writer

A bike tire, an old lawn mower, yard tools in the garage, outside toys. These items, while not posing a threat on their own, could be contributing to the spread of a one of the country’s most invasive pests in western Washington.

The Washington State Department of Agriculture recently discovered the first-ever live female gypsy moths in the state, in addition to an abnormally large number of male moths.

The state has been working to control the gypsy moth population since 1974. The invasive pests feed on hundreds of different trees and bushes, leaving destruction in homes, parks and forests.

“This year was a big catch. We had 117 males moths,” said Karla Salp, community outreach and environmental education specialists with the WSDA. “That was the most in 22 years.

Normally, we find fewer than 100.”

Last year, only 25 male moths were found in the entire state. This year, 80 were found in Puyallup and Graham alone.

Discovering and trapping the live females was extraordinary, too, Salp

said, as it had never happened before.

Most of the females discovered were actively laying eggs, and those eggs were able to be collected as well.

“The females can lay up to 1,000 eggs per female per year,” Salp said.

“That’s why we control. The population can just explode otherwise.”

Gypsy moths were introduced to the United States by a French naturalist in 1869 who brought some of them to the Boston area from Europe as he was trying to develop a hardy strain of silkworm. Some of the moths escaped the following year, and within 10 years, a viable population had been established in the area. The gypsy moths are now carried from infested states to other states by people who move across the country or travelers. Especially in the case of people moving, items such as a bike tire, an old lawn mower, yard tools or outside toys carry gypsy moths eggs, Salp said.

“People bring them over when they move, especially to the Seattle area,” she said. “People that move from a gypsy moth quarantined area are required to do an inspection prior to moving.”

Those inspections, however, are not always successful, and then the pest is unintentionally transferred. Right now, the concern with gypsy moths is See Moths, Page 6

| Saturday, December 30, 2017 | 5A

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Moths from Page 5

centered in western Washington. “I’ve never known of them being a concern here,� said Steve Van Vleet, educator with the Washington State University Extension in Colfax.

Van Vleet said he has not even known of a farmer locally to put out traps for gypsy moths. He said eastern Washington’s concerns with the moth would likely be more concentrated to the northeast area of the state.

Salp said if the pests were not able to be eradicated, they could pose a potential threat to eastern Washington. “We haven’t found any in eastern Washington, but that doesn’t mean they can’t go there,� she said. “There are fewer host areas in western Washington, though.�

As of right now, there’s also no concern in Idaho. “We did not capture any gypsy moths in Idaho this year,� said Stephanie Penske, gypsy moth data coordinator with the Idaho Department of Lands.

A gypsy moth has never been caught in Latah County. Penske said traps are put out across the state every year, and if a moth is caught, the department puts up concentrated traps in that area for the following two years to see if more are caught in that area. There are usually no more captured.

She also noted that only one moth was caught in the entire state in both 2016 and 2015. Those were in Pocatello and Kellogg, respectively.

Salp said she has seen gypsy moth destruction in

Associated Press

The state has been working to control the gypsy moth population since 1974. The invasive pests feed on hundreds of different trees and bushes, leaving destruction in homes, parks and forests. person when she visited Massachusetts. “One third of the entire state has been defoliated by gypsy moth caterpillars,� she said.

That is a reality in several states where the pest is permanently established and cannot be eradicated, Salp added.

It is not the moths themselves that cause defoliation and destruction, but the caterpillars. The caterpillars eat through leaves and will even “drip a tree from top to bottom� before moving onto another tree.

The moths, however, need to be controlled in order to control the caterpillar population. The caterpillars are usually born in the spring and are out from about

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the end of April to the beginning of June, Salp said.

Salp said the WSDA works to eradicate the gypsy moth population in the state, but if the pests were to ever become permanently established, the department would no longer be able to perform eradication efforts. â&#x20AC;&#x153;Permanent establishment means we can no longer eradicate because the population just continues to grow and you have no way to control it,â&#x20AC;? she said. â&#x20AC;&#x153;The number would be so great that you couldnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t expect to reasonably eradicate any more.â&#x20AC;?

The current eradication efforts are important, she said, because it would not take long for that population to get out of control. â&#x20AC;&#x153;It could become established very quickly, within just a matter of a few years,â&#x20AC;? Salp said.

There will be two eradications in the spring to take care of the areas where the male and female gypsy moths were discovered earlier this year.

Salp advised farmers and others to allow traps on their properties for moths to help in preventing the spread. â&#x20AC;&#x153;The traps are non-toxic and would just attract any male moth that could be in the area,â&#x20AC;? she said.

She also advised those who are moving to the state to inspect their belongings prior to relocating. Anyone who sees a suspected gypsy moth or its eggs are asked to report it to the Washington State Invasive Species Council at (360) 902-3088 or to the WSDA at (360) 902-2178. The Invasive Species Council also has a reporting app â&#x20AC;&#x201D; WA Invasives â&#x20AC;&#x201D; that smartphone users can download and use to take photos of suspected moths and/or eggs to submit to the council.

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The times are tough for farmers Expensive farming equipment, limited land availability, small margins make it almost impossible for potential farmers to enter industry

By Garrett Cabeza Daily News staff writer

Due to high start-up costs and land shortages, area farmers say it is nearly impossible to enter the farming business unless the farmland and equipment is inherited.

“It would be hard unless you already have farm ground established through a family farm and that kind of stuff,” said Jeff Nelson, a 26-year-old who farms with his father between Moscow and Troy. “It would be hard to start out now.”

Gary Osborn, a 59-year-old who owns and operates Ridgeview Farms outside Troy with his brother John Bohman, said a tractor can cost $300,000 to $400,000 while a combine can cost $500,000.

“That’s the really sad part is the machinery is so expensive if you’re going to be efficient and get things done in

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a timely way,” said Osborn, who also works on the farm with his twin sons.

“And then older equipment you got to repair it all the time and that’s not efficient either, and that can get really frustrating.”

Bohman, 49, said it is difficult to maintain and upgrade equipment during the lean years of farming.

Nelson said farmers need a line of equipment — not simply one combine and one tractor.

He said farmers can buy used combines and tractors for a decent price but they are always looking to upgrade their equipment.

“It costs a lot just to get even started,” Nelson said.

He said while it would be very difficult to enter the farming business without first owning land and equipment, the wheat margins do not make it any

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easier. Nelson said the price farmers receive for their wheat is fairly low compared to the high cost of raising the crop.

Bohman said farmers are forced to farm more acres with fewer people because costs are so high and returns are so low.

Bohman said land is difficult to acquire since there is not much for sale.

“It’s a roller coaster ride,” Bohman said. “There’s good years sometimes but then there’s those poor years with really small or negative margins. So you have to be careful to make sure you can use some of the good times to get you through the bad times.”

Nelson said starting farming from scratch may have been more doable in past generations. He said his grandfather and uncle left the farming industry for a while but successfully returned to start their own farm.

Although he would need to calculate the costs, Nelson said he does not know if he would be able to start a farm from scratch.

“I don’t know if it would be feasible,” Nelson said. “I’d want to do it because I love farming. It’s what I want to do but

“

You have to be careful to make sure you can use some of the good times to get you through the bad times.”

John Bohman Co-owner of Ridgeview Farms being able to do it, I don’t know if you could really do it.”

Nelson said he will buy his father’s land and equipment from him when he retires.

He said since farmers do not necessarily have retirement money, some farmers sell their land and equipment to their children or other family members to help gain retirement security.

Garrett Cabeza can be reached at (208) 8834631, or by email to gcabeza@dnews.com.

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Canola crops surge as wheat prices drop Farmers look for alternatives to handle economic downturn

By Kathy Hedberg For Northwest Farm and Ranch

Barry Kough/Lewiston Tribune

Camas Prairie canola ripens among greening fields of grain.

The increase in canola plantings in the region in the past few years is part of the normal supply and demand cycle, said Ken Blakeman, general manager of CHS Primeland in Lewiston.

“It’s just economics,” Blakeman said.

“Prices for numerous crops are different than they were a year ago but wheat, in general, is in somewhat of a slump. So what’s happened as the economics aren’t there for profitability to raise wheat, farmers are looking for alternatives all over the country.”

And canola — a reliable rotation crop for decades — is one of those alternatives enjoying resurgence.

A new report by the economic research service of the U.S. Department of Agriculture revealed that global agriculture trade has risen 3.5 percent each year for the past two decades.

Growth occurred in all major catego-

ries with trade in oilseeds and oilseed products growing the fastest.

Blakeman said there is an oversupply of wheat around the world, which has driven wheat prices down and prompted farmers to look for other crops that are more profitable.

“You don’t typically see producers dramatically change their rotation over a one-year time period,” he said. “It takes time and they alter their rotations but only to a certain level because what goes up will come down and what goes down will go up.

“The commodity markets are truly a supply and demand market. So when prices are high producers look at it and they raise more (of that crop). And so then it tops the market out and there’s an excess supply.”

Blakeman said it’s been tough the past couple of years to make much money on wheat. Prices have gone from a high of about $13 a bushel a decade ago to a little more than $4 a bushel this year — barely a break-even price.

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“That’s also why we’re not raising much barley in our area any more,” Blakeman said. “Prices are down and the economics are not there to profitably raise barley. Canola prices are about $15 to $17 a hundredweight and so that’s stayed fairly stable.

So the producers look at that and think they can do better raising canola rather than barley or wheat.”

Blakeman predicts the volume of canola raised in this area will eventually level out as the market shifts and farmers will need to rotate crops.

Farmers also have been experimenting with other niche or specialty crops but those are not usually big money-makers, he said.

“The demand in those other markets typically is pretty small. Probably one market that’s actually grown in demand over the last few years has been garbanzo beans because the American public is eating a lot more hummus. There’s a tremendous amount of demand for garbanzo beans all over the world.

“There will be a time here when we’ll over supply the market (in canola and garbanzos) and that will squeeze it back down. And we’ll have something else.

“Until supply and demand of wheat comes into better balance and we have lower stocks around the world you will see producers gravitating toward crops that are a better economics decision for them — things like canola, garbanzos and specialty crops. But they can easily be overproduced.”

Kathy Hedberg may be contacted at kathyhedberg@gmail.com or (208) 983-2326.

Moscow-Pullman Daily News

| Saturday, December 30, 2017 | 9A

Growers’ ‘Do no harm’ message relayed to Congress Wheat growers raise concerns over trade agreements

By William L. Spence For Northwest Farm and Ranch

Washington wheat growers are asking the state’s congressional delegation — and by extension, the Trump administration — to “do no harm” when it comes to renegotiating existing trade agreements.

In a recent letter to the delegation, the Washington Grain Commission and Washington Association of Wheat Growers noted that nearly 90 percent of the wheat grown in the state is exported. Consequently, any uncertainty over America’s commitment to its trade relationships can be detrimental.

“While trade uncertainty clouds our farmers’ future, it is equally unsettling for our reliable customers who depend on the quality of Pacific Northwest soft white wheat,” Grain Commission Chairman Mike Miller notes in the letter. “The world is awash in wheat, and the rest of the world is gunning for our markets. The slightest crack in

UE BL

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the door has the potential for long-term damage.”

In a follow-up interview, Grain Commission CEO Glen Squires likened the wheat industry to the automobile market: If customers don’t feel valued by one dealership, it’s easy for them to walk across the street and buy from someone else.

“And once you lose (a customer), it’s really hard to get them back,” he said.

The industry is raising these concerns at a tumultuous time for U.S. trade relations.

In one of his first acts of office, for example, President Donald Trump pulled out of the Trans Pacific Partnership, which would have lowered tariffs and eased trade restrictions with 11 other Pacific Rim nations, including Peru, Chile, Australia, New Zealand, Japan, Vietnam, Malaysia, Singapore, Brunei, Mexico and Canada.

The federal government also recently began renegotiating the North American Free Trade Agreement, which Trump described as “the worst trade deal ever made,” and is preparing to renegotiate the Korea Free Trade Agreement as early as See Message, Page 10

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Washington wheat growers are keeping a close eye on trade agreements under the Trump administration.

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next year. The president has threatened to pull out of both agreements.

The pros and cons of trade agreements were a frequent topic during the 2016 presidential campaign. Trump, who sees himself as a deal-maker, feels America has been on the losing end of the agreements; he says they accelerate the loss of American manufacturing jobs and lead to soaring trade deficits.

Other Republican presidential candidates opposed the Trans Pacific Partnership as well, as did Democrats Bernie Sanders and Hillary Clinton, although Clinton initially supported it when she was Secretary of State.

Squires said all trade deals involve some give-and-take. Overall, though, they help level the playing field for American producers.

“Then we can compete on quality, not on price,” he said.

The Trans Pacific Partnership, for example, would have eliminated Vietnam’s 5 percent tariff on wheat imports. Now that the U.S. has withdrawn from the agreement, “we have to pay the tariff, but Australia won’t,” Squires said.

Similarly, the deal reduced, by 42 percent, the markup Japan imposes on its wheat imports.

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still applies to us,” Squires said. “So guess who’s less competitive.”

It’s hard to know what impact Trump’s decision to withdraw from the Trans Pacific Partnership will have on Washington wheat exports, he said.

“We know people pay for quality, but how much?

Are they going to buy half as much now? We don’t know yet how it will all shake out.”

What is known, Squires said, is that any hint of supply uncertainty is detrimental to trade relationships.

Mexico, for example, is the world’s largest buyer of U.S. wheat. The country is home to Grupo Bimbo, the largest bakery firm in the world. It can’t tolerate any uncertainty in the supply chain — so even the rumor that President Trump might pull out of the North American Free Trade Agreement prompted the country to begin strengthening trade ties with Argentina and Russia.

“We’re seeing Mexico make deals with people they never bought from before, just to be sure they have the supply they need,” Squires said.

The Grain Commission and Wheat Growers want Washington’s congressional delegation to understand that trade agreements are critical to the state’s agricultural industry.

“We’d like to see strong support for free trade and fair trade,” Squires said. And if the U.S. is no longer going to pursue multinational trade agreements — as Trump indicated when he withdrew from the TPP — then wheat growers would like to see the aggressive pursuit of bilateral deals with individual trading partners.

“There’s talk about doing bilateral deals, but is anything happening?” Squires said. “These deals take years to negotiate, and we’re not seeing any effort being made. But other countries are moving forward.”

The Korean Free Trade Agreement was the last trade deal the U.S. approved, he said. That was in 2007. Since then, Argentina has signed eight trade agreements, Australia 16, Canada 18, the Ukraine 15. The European Union has signed 54 deals.

“They’ve all figured out trade agreements are valuable,” Squires said. “We need to be careful about not becoming an island unto ourselves.

More than half the world’s consumers live outside of the U.S.” William L. Spence may be contacted at bspence@lmtribune.com or (208) 791-9168.

Getting the drop to the crop Local farmers, specialists offer advice on pesticides

By Taylor Nadauld Daily News staff writer

For many farmers in the Pacific Northwest, winter can be a good time to brush up on pesticide laws, take a pesticide training course or obtain a pesticide application license that suits their business.

As the season approaches, several pesticide specialists and farmers are offering their advice on how to get certified, safely apply and store chemicals, get along with neighbors applying pesticides, document damage and stay out of legal trouble while ensuring they get the drop to the crop.

Robin SchoenNessa, assistant director for the Pesticide Management Division at the Washington State Department of Agriculture, said the department keeps a list of what not to do when handling pesticides, documented in a slideshow called “Top 10 Ways to Meet WSDA’s Enforcement Officer.”

It is just one of several tools Schoen-Nessa said the department uses during its training of licensees.

“We train to make

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sure that the licensees are following the law and rules, and we also train farm workers to make sure that they don’t get harmed by pesticides,” Schoen-Nessa said.

The list includes everything from killing multiple hives of bees by applying insecticide to a blooming crop they were foraging on, to storing chemicals in a vulnerable location near children. It also includes information on why allowing an herbicide drift to other crops and cause damage is a way applicators can find themselves in trouble with the law.

Though such tips are often geared toward safety, some farmers also look at theirs and others’ compliance to the law as a means of ensuring

they keep access to the chemicals they require to keep their crops in check.

Dean Kinzer, a regional farmer and Whitman County commissioner, said he has seen multiple pesticides or herbicides lost to regulation due to incorrect application and other factors since he began farming back in 1974.

One of those was Dinoseb, an herbicide Kinzer said he used on his own green peas before the chemical was eventually banned for use in the U.S. in the 1980s.

“I don’t think we’ve got as good of products as we did have,” Kinzer said.

The loss of certain, effective pesticides is one

reason why Kinzer said he is cautious to report every instance of pesticide damage that comes across his own crops, as he does not want to see other effective products vanish from the market.

“We all know that if we start pushing that issue too hard, that they’ll start taking chemicals away from us,” Kinzer said.

Instead, Kinzer said he works out minor issues with his neighbors when he can. Still, he said there is no question farmers should address pesticide issues when they happen and keep track of their own spray records to keep pesticides accessible to farmers.

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from Page 11 University Pesticide Education Specialist Carol Black also pointed out the importance of record keeping for farmers and applicators dealing with chemicals.

“If somebody suspects that there’s damage, reporting what they’re seeing as soon as they see it is important,” Black said.

She said pesticide concerns in the region tend to stem from spray drift concerns, the protection of honey bees and other pollinators, and pesticide movement in water during runoff after rain or irrigation.

Black teaches pesticide safety at pre-license training courses offered over the winter months for farmers, ranchers and other potential applicators across the state.

During that time, Black takes potential applicators through a day-and-a-halflong training, prior to exam training, that covers basic

Moscow-Pullman Daily News

state and federal pesticide laws, pesticide formulations, personal safety, environmental exposures and protections, safe handling practices, basic plant disease and weed control principals.

“One of the biggest things we try to do is get them used to the exam process,” Black said.

That process is much the same for Washington, Idaho and Oregon, Black said. Only those farmers using restricted pesticides on their crops are required to become certified applicators. Certain fees are required depending on the type of license an applicator will require.

Those interested in taking a pesticide training course can contact their state’s land grant universities for more information. Those interested in pesticide licensing, rules and laws should contact their state’s department of agriculture.

Taylor Nadauld can be reached at (208) 883-4630, by email to tnadauld@dnews.com and on Twitter @tnadualdarg.

Farm and Ranch

New ground broken in carbon sequestration Researchers believe this could be effective counter to climate change

By Scott Jackson For Northwest Farm and Ranch

New research has revealed there are vast stores of carbon a foot or more beneath the topsoil, researchers say, illustrating huge potential to sequester carbon from the atmosphere deep underground.

Marc Kramer, an associate professor of environmental chemistry for Washington State University-Vancouver and lead researcher of the study, said researchers estimate there is more carbon in this deep soil than in the entire atmosphere and biosphere combined. Kramer said the vastness of this reservoir of carbon suggests this form of carbon sequestration could be an effective counter to the impacts of global climate change.

“With the right farming practice, we ought to be able to figure out how to get a little bit more in there,” Kramer said. “It has the potential to offset all emissions, but we don’t even need to do

that to make it a success.”

Kramer said he and his team aren’t recommending any specific farming practices, saying there’s still a lot of research and experimentation to be done before they can prescribe specific practices to landowners, but the sheer scale of carbon sequestered in this deep soil suggests great potential and an opportunity to learn.

“We have the science, we have the ideas and the farmers have the land and the motivation,” Kramer said. “If we start thinking outside of the box on farming, there’s a lot that’s possible.”

Kramer said until recently, many people discussed simply adding carbon to the topsoil.

“The problem is when you add just carbon into the topsoil, it’s a house of cards — it can go away as quickly as you put it in,” Kramer said.

Kramer said 90 percent of this deep carbon is bonded to minerals, making it more difficult to liberate back into the atmosphere. Kramer

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Farm and Ranch said combining farming practices with this scientific knowledge of mineral bound carbon is new territory.

“The key thing here is experimenting with ways to store carbon in ways that associates the carbon with minerals,” Kramer said.

Bill Pan, a professor and scientist with WSU’s Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, said practices that allow some of the organic matter like a plant’s root system and the carbon stored within it to accumulate in the soil may play a role in forming mineral bound carbon, but nobody knows for sure.

Though popular sentiment suggests that sustainable, Earth-friendly practices come at an expense, Kramer said it’s possible to do both.

Few farmers will complain about more organic matter in their soil, Kramer said, so on a local level, implementing deep carbon farming could benefit the land.

“In general, a lot of the practices that we look at when trying to increase

Moscow-Pullman Daily News

soil carbon are just recommended good practices,” said Jodi Johnson-Maynard, head of the Soil and Water Systems Department at the University of Idaho.

Johnson-Maynard said carbon storage may or may not happen, depending on specific characteristics of the site, but carbon storage tactics could still help with other problems like reducing erosion.

“So, in general, we do expect to see some benefits in addition to carbon storage,” Johnson-Maynard said.

Kramer said since findings were released last month, he’s received about a call a day from landowners interested in implementing deep carbon farming. Kramer hopes local successes will help energize an international movement.

“We kind of need to start locally,” Kramer said. “You couldn’t implement something like this right off the bat globally.”

Scott Jackson can be reached at (208) 883-4636, or by email to sjackson@dnews.com.

| Saturday, December 30, 2017 | 13A

Connecting schools to local foods Farm to School encourages consumption of homegrown products

By Katie Short For Northwest Farm and Ranch

Elementary-age students all over Washington simultaneously bit into crisp apples as part of Taste Washington Day earlier this fall.

It was made possible by an effort between the Washington State Department of Agriculture and a grassroots movement, Farm to School, which is working to encourage the consumption of locally based food products at schools. In recent years, Farm to School has established itself in all 50 states and become a national campaign.

Anna Mullan, a communications associate for Farm to School, said there are three core elements to the organization’s message: procurement, education and school gardens. Its goal is to encourage K-12 schools to provide local foods in cafeterias; help students understand agri-

culture, food, health and nutrition; and get youth engaged in hands-on learning.

Farm to School is different at every school and some may choose to do one or all of the core elements depending on what is available to them, Mullan said.

Farm to School also provides farmers with opportunities and ways to grow their businesses.

Although its main focus is on students K-12, Farm to School has grown to serve universities as well. The movement has been able to connect farmers with a steady income and demand for their products, putting money back into local economies.

Brian Estes, who helps manage the operations and sales of the Local Inland Northwest Cooperative, said LINC was formed by a co-op of farmers in the Spokane region in order to provide schools and school districts with one local food distributor. LINC works closely with

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the farmers in determining what they can supply and the schools in predicting their needs.

Estes said LINC coordinates with farms in a 250-mile radius of its Spokane hub. He said LINC serves six K-12 school districts in Spokane, Gonzaga and WSU, providing as many as 20,000 meals a day, all using locally sourced foods.

Estes said LINC started partnering with Washington State University this past spring and now makes weekly food deliveries to the university. Estes said LINC is currently looking to expand its connections on the Palouse and to eastern Washington and northern Idaho areas. Estes said before coalitions like LINC, farmers had to make their own connections and sometimes schools didn’t know what was available to them.

Katie Short can be reached at (208) 8834633, or by email to kshort@dnews.com.

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Rise of ‘hobby farms’ means more growers get maimed, killed

By Rick Callahan Associated Press

CALENDARS EVENTS MUSIC MOVIES FESTIVALS DANCE STAGE HISTORY BOOKS CULTURE EVERYTHING Thursdays in print

INDIANAPOLIS — Phil Jacobs was just a teenager when his parents bought a scenic Kentucky farm with hayfields, forests, creeks, trails and a view of the Ohio River. Decades later, he still spent time there, maintaining the property as a second job and using its campsite for family getaways.

The Lawrenceburg, Ind., anesthesiologist was removing dying ash trees in June 2015 when his tractor overturned as he was pulling a tree up a hill. He died instantly, at age 62. The tractor, which dated to the early 1960s, had no rollover protections.

“The farm was a very important part of my husband’s life,” said Jacobs’ widow, Joyce. “If he had any time off, we went to the farm.”

The risk of serious injury or death has always been a part of farming. But the nation’s growing embrace of small-scale production of local and organic crops is drawing more amateurs into the field, and inexperienced growers are increasingly getting maimed and even killed, often by old, unsafe machinery.

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tion of the occupation’s dangers.

Up to a quarter of Indiana’s 115 farm fatalities over the past four years have been on small operations that include so-called hobby or lifestyle farms, which are often run by people who entered farming from other lines of work, according to research by Purdue University farm-safety expert Bill Field, who has tracked farm fatalities for nearly four decades.

Those deaths — nearly 30 between 2013 and 2016 — represent a disproportionately high percentage of Indiana’s total farming deaths, given the state’s widespread commercial farming operations, Field said.

Over the years, Field has served as an expert witness in more than 100 lawsuits that included the deaths of a surgeon, an FBI agent, a lawyer and several other professionals who traded white-collar careers for farming. Many were rookie farmers killed in accidents that people raised on farms and mindful of farming dangers would likely have avoided.

That includes the death of a man who entered retirement with dreams of starting a Christmas tree farm in the Northeast.

He bought a brand-new tractor and began clearing land, seemingly oblivious to the dangers

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posed by farm equipment. Two months into retirement, the man was killed in a grisly accident when he was pulled into the tractorâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s power takeoff shaft â&#x20AC;&#x201D; a rapidly spinning device at the rear end of the tractor that sends power to attachments. â&#x20AC;&#x153;He retired on Sept. 30 from a government job and was dead by Thanksgiving. I donâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t think he had a clue what he was doing with that equipment,â&#x20AC;? said Field, who investigated the death as part of a lawsuit filed by the manâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s widow. He declined to disclose the manâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s name.

Chris Holman moved to Wisconsin from Oregon nearly a decade ago to pursue a Ph.D. in world languages. He ended up ditching academia for the farming life even though neither he nor his then-girlfriend, Maria, had any agricultural experience.

The couple, now married with a young daughter, bought 41 acres and founded Nami Moon Farms, which specializes in pasture-raised hogs and chickens, as well as eggs, honey and vegetables.

They knew full well that agriculture can be dangerous, so Holman repeatedly screened farm-safety videos. But he still nearly had a serious accident the first time he tilled a field.

As his tractor was rolling along, the tiller trailing behind it snagged on a boulder hidden in the soil. The tractorâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s front end immediately began rising off the ground and came a split-second away from flipping over onto the cab where he was seated. â&#x20AC;&#x153;Maybe it was just dumb luck, but right in the heat of the moment, I hit the clutch and had just enough time to bring the front end back down,â&#x20AC;?

See Hobby, Page 16

| Saturday, December 30, 2017 | 15A

Associated Press

In this Jan. 1, 2014 photo, Madison Houdek watches as her father, Jamie, demonstrates tools he uses to eat and use a computer tablet since losing his right hand to a corn picker in November 2013 on the 60-acre hobby farm where he raises beef cattle near Little Falls, Minn.

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Hobby from Page 15

recalled Holman, 40.

His tractor had some protections — a rollover bar and a reinforced cab. But hobby farms are among the only places in the U.S. where cheaper, older tractors without such safety features are still in use, said Frank Gasperini, executive vice president of the National Council of Agricultural Employers.

Jacobs’ tractor was one example. He had researched buying a new, safer machine, his widow said.

Tractor rollovers are the leading cause of death on smaller farms, Gasperini said, and some beginning farmers who buy older tractors have little or no safety training. They often toil alone at odd hours — sometimes while weary from working at off-farm jobs.

Gasperini warned in a July article in the Journal of Agromedicine that “very small, subsistence, part-time, non-traditional and hobby farms will continue to pose significant challenges” to the safety of U.S. agriculture.

The total number of farms in the U.S. has been declining for decades as large commercial farms keep getting bigger. But small farms are on the rise, buoyed by the popularity of locally grown produce and meats, farmers’ markets, organic foods and farm-to-table production.

The 2012 farm census showed that farms covering less than 50 acres grew nearly 10 per-

520277L-17

cent between 2002 and 2012, when there were more than 813,000 such farms nationwide.

Many new retirees are drawn to smallscale farming by the allure of a bucolic life and the independence of setting their own schedule, said Roger Sipe, editor for Hobby Farms, a national magazine that documents the trend.

Even seasoned farmers sometimes make mistakes in a moment of haste.

That was the case for Jamie Houdek, who lost his right hand to a corn picker on the 60acre hobby farm where he works part-time raising beef cattle in Little Falls, Minnesota.

The father of three was harvesting corn for cattle feed in November 2013 when he stopped his tractor and climbed down from the puttering machine to make sure the corn picker it was pulling was functioning properly.

Houdek then reached to grab a dried ear of corn from the still-operating machine to check its moisture content. His gloved right hand was swiftly pulled inside, crushed to the wrist by metal rollers and eventually shorn off. His left hand suffered nerve damage when it also became entangled in the picker.

He was trapped in the machine’s grip for nearly an hour before a neighbor rescued him.

“I was born and raised on farms, so I knew better,” said Houdek, 36. But he was hurrying and trying to take advantage of good weather.

“I just thought I would jump off real quick, check on stuff and jump back on and keep going.”

Farm and Ranch

Minnesota announces restrictions on using herbicide dicamba

By Steve Karnowski Associated Press

MINNEAPOLIS — Minnesota announced restrictions Tuesday on how farmers can use the herbicide dicamba in 2018, responding to complaints by soybean growers across the country that it harmed their crops this year.

The Minnesota Department of Agriculture set a June 20 cutoff date for applying the herbicide and prohibited applications when the temperature or forecast high for the day is above 85 degrees. The rules are meant to reduce instances of the herbicide drifting and damaging neighboring fields, which has been a problem in soybean- and cotton-growing states nationwide this year.

“We will be closely monitor-

ing the herbicide’s performance with these restrictions in 2018,” Agriculture Commissioner Dave Frederickson said in a statement.

Farmers have used dicamba for decades, and its problems with volatility and drift were well-known. But its use has surged in the last couple years since agribusiness companies Monsanto, BASF and DuPont introduced genetically engineered, dicamba-tolerant varieties of soybeans and cotton so that farmers could use the herbicide to control tough weeds in those crops, such as pigweed, that have become resistant to other weed killers such as glyphosate, also known as Roundup.

The companies also introduced low-volatility formulations of dicamba designed to

Farm and Ranch

Moscow-Pullman Daily News

| Saturday, December 30, 2017 | 17A

reduce evaporation and drift, but farmers who didn’t plant resistant crop varieties or use dicamba soon began reporting suspected damage anyway.

The Minnesota Department of Agriculture says it received 253 complaints from soybean growers in 49 Minnesota counties, including 55 requests for formal inspections.

University of Minnesota researchers estimate that 265,000 acres across the state were affected.

The Minnesota Soybean Growers Association welcomed the new rules.

“We need dicamba,” the group’s president, Michael Petefish, said in a statement. “We also need these new restrictions. Producers need to have the ability to adapt this product to their operations, and these additional guidelines will allow users to do just that in a safe and environmentally sound manner.”

But Monsanto criticized Minnesota’s new restrictions.

“There’s no scientific reason to have a cutoff date or a temperature limit.

There is no testing that supports it,” Scott Partridge, Monsanto’s vice president of global strategy, said in an interview. He encouraged the state to be flexible about the cutoff date if local Associated Press conditions warrant. He pointed out East Arkansas soybean farmer Reed Storey looks at his field July 11 in Marvell, Ark. Storey said half of his soybean crop that pigweed doesn’t know the cutoff has shown damage from dicamba, an herbicide that has drifted onto unprotected fields. date, and it will be frustrating for farmers who find infestations of resistant ers who apply dicamba to crops. The weeds after that date not to have the new federal rules also limit when and herbicide available. how the herbicide can be sprayed, such Partridge said the solution lies in as time of day, with winds not exceededucation and training, so that farmers ing 10 mph. and applicators use the right equipOther states have also adopted ment and follow the label instructions. restrictions that go further than the He pointed out that in Georgia, where federal rules. Neighboring North training was mandatory this year, the Dakota has banned applications on Local experts with global connections. state received no reports of off-target soybeans after June 30 or the crop’s movements of dicamba. In Monsanto’s first bloom phase, whichever comes experience, he said, when dicamba is first. Monsanto has sued to block applied according to the label, the her- even tougher restrictions proposed in bicide doesn’t move beyond the buffer Arkansas to prohibit its use from April zone and damage nearby crops.

16 through Oct. 31. A legislative panel Our local specialists can work one-on-one with you to bring local The U.S. Environmental Protection on Tuesday recommended state regulaexpertise and products through CHS Primeland locations in Idaho and Agency announced a deal with tors revise the proposed ban.

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