Daily Nebraskan Campus Safety issue.

THE DN

VOL. CXVIII, ISSUE 8 APRIL/MAY 2019 A DAILY NEBRASKAN PUBLICATION SPECIAL EDITION

IT WON’T HAPPEN HERE: AN IN-DEPTH LOOK AT SAFETY ON CAMPUS April Master.indd 1

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EDITORIAL

ISSUE N° 8 STAFF The existence of a safe environment tends to go unnoticed until tragedy shatters that atmosphere.

On colleges campuses, this has occurred too many times.

The University of Texas and Virginia Tech immediately come to mind as campuses where tranquility violently ended at the hands of disturbed individuals. Closer to home, an assailant killed four faculty members and a student before turning the gun on himself at the University of Iowa in 1991.

Only a year later, the University of Nebraska-Lincoln had its own brush with potential catastrophe when a disgruntled student attempted to open fire on a crowded classroom.

In this edition of The DN, we took a look into that October day almost 30 years ago, and dove deeper to examine campus safety. Our reporters worked to illustrate how the university community is defended from a spectrum of safety threats, and uncover the gaps that exist in the university’s protections.

Campus safety encompasses more than protection from mass casualty incidents. Speeding cars on 16th street fail to acknowledge pedestrians. Misplaced NCards can result in individuals gaining access to dorms. Even burned-out street lights can pose a safety risk.

editor - in - chief

JESSICA LARKINS managing editor

BEN LARSEN senior news editor

ELIZABETH REMBERT assistant news editors

To examine UNL’s safety, not only did we revisit the 1992 flashpoint, but we delved into how the university responded to this and nationwide events through the years. We profiled student opinions on the extent of UNL’s concealed weapons policy. We took a look into how ROTC on campus prepares for a potential mass shooting. Finally, we spoke with a former professor and UNLPD about if locks on classroom doors would be effective if disaster were to strike.

MIA EVERDING JOHN GRINVALDS senior sports editor

NOAH JOHNSON assistant sports editors

JACOB BOVA LUKE MULLIN senior culture editors

SAM CRISLER ALLEY SARGUS opinion editor

SYDNEY OZUNA copy chief

This issue of The DN serves to highlight both the strengths and deficiencies of those institutions which protect campus. It is our hope this edition serves to inform the university community not just how to protect themselves, but how they are already protected.

JENSYN LABADIE design chief

WILL FLEIG senior photo / video editor

KARISSA SCHMIDT assistant photo / video editors

HANNAH DEPRIEST DYLAN WIDGER senior art director

AUSTIN COUDRIET senior engagement editor

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THE THEDN DN THE DN VOL. CXVIII, ISSUEISSUE 8 APRIL/MAY VOL. CXVIII, 7 MARCH2019 2019 A DAILY NEBRASKAN PUBLICATION A DAILY NEBRASKAN PUBLICATION N E W S T USPECIAL D E N T E NEDITION ROLLMENT 2018

Founded in 1901, The Daily Nebraskan is the University of Nebraska–Lincoln’s only independent daily news organization with content written, edited and produced entirely by UNL students. The Daily Nebraskan is published by the UNL Publications Board, 20 Nebraska Union, 1400 R St., Lincoln, NE 68588-0448. The board holds public meetings monthly. © 2019 The Daily Nebraskan contact

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AN IN-DEPTH LOOK AT SAFETYCOMEDY ON CAMPUS AFTER COLLEGE

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THE DN APRIL/MAY 2019

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EDITORIAL

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RUN, HIDE, FIGHT

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ROTC TRAINING

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1992 ATTEMPTED SHOOTING

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CONCEALED WEAPONS

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CLASSROOM LOCKS

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SAFETY TIMELINE

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CAMPUS LIGHTING

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UNL TRAFFIC

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DORM SECURITY

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BIG TEN SAFETY

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when in harm’s way EMMA KOPPLIN STAFF WRITER About 26 school shootings occurred per year from 1970 to 2017, but 2018’s surge to 97 reported active shooter incidents forced schools to devise ways to protect students.

In Pennsylvania’s Blue Mountain Middle School District, teachers ��� buckets with river rocks and placed them by classroom doors classrooms so the class could pelt intruders with stones.

The frenzy caused a policy created in 2012 by the City of Houston as a personal emergency procedure for active shooter situations to gain popularity. This policy is called Run, Hide, Fight.

The �st step to this policy is to run — escape the situation and get as far away as possible. If escape is unachievable, a person moves to step two — hide. And if confrontation is unavoidable, the ��� step is to physically ��� the shooter.

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The Department of Homeland Security has also ����� named this program the national policy for active shooters in public spaces.

Many schools around the nation have adopted this policy as their ���� active shooter procedure and teach it to their students, including the University of Nebraska-Lincoln.

Hassan Ramzah, assistant chief of police for the UNL Police Department, said the policy is clear and helpful, but it’s not meant to cover every possible situation that may arise. “[Run, Hide, Fight] gives people in the campus community procedures to follow if they are in a situation with an immediate threat on campus,” he said. “But it is not meant to encompass every scenario.”

Not everyone is convinced that Run, Hide, Fight is adequate or even practical to help students survive active shooter situations.

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RUN HIDE FIGHT Doug Haines — the owner and CEO of Haines Security Solutions and a winner of a 2017 ASTORS Homeland Security Award — said current classrooms are not built for hiding. He thinks the policy should be reworked to focus on running.

“What I’ve noticed is that although Run, Hide, Fight is a good idea on the surface, the reality is that the training actually teaches people to hide,” he said “It doesn’t teach people to run, and the training really should be about �uring out a way to get out of the space.”

Marc Warburton, the director of the National Security Education Program in UNL’s political science department, said the university could be doing more preemptive measures, like ensuring there are locks on classroom doors and allowing concealed carry.

Warburton said. “There is one other strategy which, as far as I know, the university doesn’t support — putting locks on the classroom doors. That’s pretty much a no-brainer, but I don’t see the university doing that.”

Nora Furr, a sophomore undeclared major, said UNL should be less focused on a policy like Run, Hide, Fight to cope with an active shooter, and more focused on preventative measures.

“There should more policies preventing school shooters, rather than just having some system on how to protect against,” she said. “If you see an active shooter you’re not going to be like, ‘Wait let me think about that one threeword policy.’”

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“I’ve never seen any actual data on [Run, Hide, Fight]. It’s hard to think of any other strategy, other than allowing concealed carry on campus, which is currently illegal,”

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LUNA STEPHENS STAFF WRITER

PREPARING FOR THE WORST

The University of Nebraska-Lincoln’s Reserve ���� The drill included a series of simulated gunshots. After Training Corps instructs its students to protect the counhearing them, the student said they had about a minute try, and it also ensures students know how to protect to react. themselves on campus.

“Our drill shows us that it is ����� to react so quickThe Navy and Air Force UNL ROTC branches provide active ly,” the student said. “Especially for students who are shooter trainings at least once a year to prepare students ill-prepared.” in the battalions to effectively react to an active shooter event if one were to occur on campus.

Active shooter training is a part of the nationwide force protection training mandated by the Navy, Hast said.

According to Lt. Paul Hast, an ��� instructor for the U.S. Navy and UNL NROTC’s surface warfare department, “The important part of the training is coming in with everyNROTC gives its students classroom instruction and hosts body at a baseline understanding of how real the threat is a table talk conversation with UNL’s Police Department and the immediate actions of what to do if it went down,” each year. he said.

Capt. Travis Horner, a U.S. Marine Corps and NROTC Marine o��� instructor, said the training prepares NROTC students to respond as a normal student would.

“We’re not set up as a quick reaction force,” he said. “We are a pseudo-military organization. The staff is all activeduty military, the students are not. They are just college students who aspire to be.”

While military buildings have extra protection, such as gates and weapons, Hast said ROTC is a university entity and can only defend itself like any other department on campus.

Even though many universities don’t require student safety training, some have turned to outside organizations to educate their students on active shooter protocol.

Under the university’s Run, Hide, Fight procedure, students learn to �st try to run by exiting the building if possible. If they are unable to do so, students are encouraged to hide and barricade themselves. As a last resort, they should try t���������� .

SafeColleges, an entity of Vector Solutions, works with a number of schools in the Big Ten on strategies to prevent and respond to active shooter incidents, Donna McMullin, the vice president of marketing for Vector Solutions’ education business unit, said.

“It’s one of those scenarios that there’s no real defense for,” Horner said.

“Gun violence on campus, including active shooter situations, has increased and schools are the second most common location for one to occur,” she said. “It’s important that higher education institutions proactively and effectively train all campus members on what to do if the inevitable should happen.”

During the informal table conversation, NROTC staff and students talk with the UNL Police Department about police response in the event of an active shooter on campus.

“The important thing for us is to have regular constant communication with law enforcement here,” Hast said.

“It’s important to have at least an annual table talk.”

Air Force ROTC puts active shooter training into practice with an annual drill conducted by UNLPD, according to Lt. Col. Mario Perez. He said it also prepares students to emphasize safety in their future careers.

“Safety of our service members once commissioned into the U.S. Air Force is critical to ensure we are able to continue our mission of defending the United States,” Perez said.

A student in the program who asked to remain anonymous said it was ����� to carry out the procedure in a real-life scenario, even with classroom training.

Hast said it’s best to be prepared for whatever situation may occur.

“You can’t train enough,” he said. “There’s no such thing as too much training.”

Although students, faculty and staff hope an active shooter event never occurs, Horner said it’s important to stay cognizant of the possibility.

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“It’s one of those hard things, it’s not a great subject that you want to think about,” he said. “But it happens in places across the country, and the people always say ‘I never thought this would have happened here,’ while they’re in the movie theater or while they’re in their church congregation or while they’re on a school campus.”

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LIBBY SELINE STAFF WRITER Aaron Reinsch sat in the back corner of his actuarial science classroom in Ferguson Hall on Oct. 12, 1992.

Photos by Dylan Widger

But they didn’t.

The professor was late, but that was nothing new, Reinsch said. The senior actuarial science major and other students waited — until Arthur McElroy walked into the room with a gun.

Chairs screeched as students quickly rose from their desks and ran out of the classroom. One student pushed a desk into McElroy, but McElroy stayed focused on his ��� He pounded the weapon on the ground and forced another round of bullets in its chamber.

Behind McElroy’s glasses, his eyes were wide open. The 43-year-old graduate student looked like a zombie as he stared blankly at his fellow classmates, Reinsch said.

Unable to escape from the back corner of the classroom, Reinsch crouched behind his desk and wrapped his �gers tightly around its edges. He glanced at the window.

He leveled his gun, an Inland .30-caliber M1 carbine, at his hips and began jerking the ����waiting for bullets t����

“Immediately I thought, ‘Can I throw a desk out the window and just jump out?’” he said.

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The gun still didn’t ��� so McElroy left the classroom and ran outside to his car, which he parked directly in front of the entrance. He drove to his home in Bennet, around 30 minutes away from Lincoln, where he was later arrested and charged with attempted second degree murder and three other felonies, according to the Daily Nebraskan article published at the time.

After a few minutes, Reinsch walked out of the classroom and biked to his apartment. He sat on his couch in silence and thought to himself, “I could’ve died today.”

Several members of the UNL community could’ve died that day. UNL administration took action after the incident and encouraged students to seek help at Counseling and Psychological Services. They also informed students about crime prevention via various letters and updated the campus safety policies.

Outside Ferguson Hall, people attempted to understand what just happened. Nobody panicked or ran from the scene. They stood and did not consider the potentially dangerous situation they were in, according to former Daily Nebraskan staff writer Chuck Green, who covered the almost-shooting.

In the �st session, students shared their fears of McElroy attempting to attack the class again, and during the second session, students stated they were concerned another person would attempt to attack the class.

Counseling and Psychological Services visited the class and offered assistance to students, but the study said only one student utilized CAPS. Reinsch didn’t go.

“I suppose it was a lot scarier for some people who were scared of guns or something,” he said. “I was [scared] at the time, but because the gun never went off at all, it probably wasn’t as traumatic as it would’ve been had that occurred.”

Green said students on campus did not seem concerned about the event.

“Everyone kind of realized, as time went on, what a big tragedy was averted,” he said. “I think they just kind of chalked it up as this guy being very troubled, mentally ill.

It was just an isolated thing, and thank God it didn’t happen. I just don’t remember it being that big of a thing.”

Someone called The Daily Nebraskan and told them a man walked into Ferguson Hall with a gun and tried to shoot his classmates. Green ran to the scene.

The Daily Nebraskan published an article in February 1993 about the safety concerns of students. In the article, then-Police Chief Ken Cauble said the increase of crime in Lincoln ���ed a national increase. UNLPD focused on patrolling campus by foot and not by car.

“I just don’t think it had set in,” he said. “They saw him with the gun, and they saw him messing with it and trying to get it unjammed … I guess the absence of shots ��� it just didn’t register with people what almost happened.”

Within 10 days of the attempted shooting, UNL installed 36 10-foot emergency telephones, according to the study

by Asmussen and Creswell. Students also volunteered to walk each other around campus.

According to a study conducted after the incident by retired Peru State College professor of criminal justice Kelly Asmussen and current senior research scientist at University of Michigan Medical School John Creswell, the majority of students seemed to disregard the potentially dangerous situation. Most classmates stood outside the building and joked about the incident, but others cried.

Griesen said the university also sent letters to students about crime prevention. Despite the precautionary details, UNL eventually provided gun lockers for students so they could store their guns on campus without keeping them in their dorms.

“It didn’t have that feel of a big catastrophe that was just averted,” Green said. “It was more calm, like people just didn’t know what to think at that point.”

Griesen said the changes were made because he was concerned about students’ mental health and safety.

“There were two immediate reactions: one was shock, the second was relief,” he said. “The third thing that comes to my mind is, ‘What do I need to do to help the students affected by all of this?’”

James Griesen, the vice chancellor for student affairs at the time, said he marched down to the registrar’s ��� upon hearing about the shooting and found a different For months after the incident, UNLPD investigated the classroom for the students so they would not have to attempted shooting. Former ���� Bill Manning did not re-enter the crime scene. understand the motive behind McElroy’s actions then and still doesn’t today. He said it will forever be a mystery.

The next day, Michael Hill, a former sociology professor at the university, attempted to explain the incident. He said UNLPD searched McElroy’s home after the incident and he used sociological concepts to try to understand the found 81 rounds of ammunition in his car and bloodincident, but the attempted shooting was not a big deal stained clothing, according to the Daily Nebraskan article on campus. He didn’t even learn about the event until he from the time. watched the news that evening.

On Nov. 24, 1992, The Daily Nebraskan reported McElroy According to the study conducted by Asmussen and Crewas in the Lancaster County Jail on a $500,000 bail. On swell, who are mental health counselors, the campus po- Dec. 1, McElroy sued the university and UNLPD for searchlice chief and two county attorneys talked to the actuarial ing his home in Bennet, claiming it violated his civil rights. science students who were in the classroom that day and �������������

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In January 1993, McElroy’s trial was postponed so he could be evaluated at the Lincoln Regional Center. In April, a doctor at the Lincoln Regional Center said McElroy suffered from paranoid delusional disorder, which makes him have an unrealistic view of the world.

sides in Lincoln, and he works for Capitol Heating & Air Conditioning as a sales manager. Manning is still familiar with the campus. He left UNLPD in 2003 and now serves as an operations manager for UNL Parking and Transit Services.

Manning said ��ers knocked on McElroy’s neighbors’ doors and talked to classmates and professors. They all came to one conclusion: McElroy struggled with mental health issues.

While walking around campus, memories of being a college student came back to Reinsch. He remembered the L-shaped Ferguson Hall that once stood on campus and the bike rides home to his apartment.

The police department did not receive any complaints about McElroy prior to the incident, but Manning said people thought he was odd. Classmates said McElroy could be argumentative in class and neighbors said he kept to himself.

The two recalled McElroy’s gun and his car parked outside the building that day. The campus layout has changed since Reinsch was a student, and Manning informed him that Ferguson Hall was demolished to open the land up for a green space.

“A lot of times, [people in similar situations say,] ‘Oh, he was the nicest guy,’ [but] that wasn’t the case with this guy,” Manning said. “He was a little weird or he was a little strange — that’s more of the description that came off.”

He told Reinsch that Ferguson Hall’s faculty moved to the new Jorgensen Hall on 16th Street, home of the university’s Department of Physics and Astronomy.

Manning and Reinsch visited the site of Ferguson Hall together years after the shooting on a windy February day in 2019 — 26 years after the attempted shooting.

Reinsch had not visited campus in years — besides attending the occasional Husker football game. He still re-

At the end of the day, Reinsch came home to his wife and kids. It was Valentine’s Day, and they celebrated with desserts.

But if the gun had ��� 26 years ago, there could have been a different story to tell.

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Photo by Elsie Stormberg

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TAKING SAFETY INTO THEIR OWN HANDS MIA EVERDING AND AUDREY HERTEL ASSISTANT NEWS EDITOR AND STAFF WRITER The possession of a ���� in certain areas, like emergency rooms, athletic events or polling places, is prohibited in Lincoln — including on the University of Nebraska-Lincoln campus.

Like 15 other states, it is illegal for students to have concealed or unconcealed weapons on campuses in Nebraska. UNL abides by the law as outlined in the university’s concealed weapons policy.

According to the policy, “Possession of dangerous weapons — concealed or unconcealed — on University property, on the worksite, in University vehicles, or in personal vehicles when on University property shall be a violation of UNL policy.”

Hassan Ramzah, the assistant chief of police for the UNL Police Department, said the concealed carry policy is campus-wide, so it covers all university-owned ground and personal and university vehicles.

The dangerous weapons listed in the policy include guns, knives, explosives or any other device that could result in death, injury or harm to another person.

There are exceptions to this policy. According to Ramzah, other city law enforcement ���s carry weapons, athletes use ����in competition and students sometimes transport their ����across campus to weapon storage facilities at the university police station.

In the two and a half years Ramzah has been with UNLPD, he said he hasn’t encountered many situations when students had issues with the weapons policy. He said the policy is “pretty well-known” on campus.

Josh Harris, president of the UNL College Republicans and a freshman biological sciences and political science double major, said the club encourages the university to

allow concealed carry on campus for permit holders who have passed a background check and the State Patrol class. He said it’s their right to carry a concealed weapon.

“These students, all of which would be Nebraska residents of 21 years of age or older, have committed both their time and ����� resources to obtain their permit,” he said. “Additionally, they follow the local, state and federal laws to ensure gun safety while at the same time exercising their God-given Second Amendment right.”

Junior business administration major and member of UNL College Republicans and Young Americans for Liberty Andrew Klingemann agreed with Harris’ support of allowing concealed weapons on campus.

“I feel like if you’ve gone through the process and taken the concealed carry courses and everything that they go over everything in those, it’s pretty intensive,” he said.

“And if you’ve got that concealed carry permit then I don’t see a reason to why your right stops when you come on a public university.”

UNL Young Democrats president and senior actuarial science major Connor French said the club supports the current campus policy prohibiting concealed or unconcealed weapons. According to French, the possibility of an accident or people with bad intentions slipping through the cracks of the system remains even with background checks.

“Sometimes, someone who wants to be the good Samaritan can end up shooting the wrong person or somebody can get hurt in the cross ��� he said “Or, on top of that, background checks aren’t 100 percent effective and there can still be somebody with a lot of troubles who ends up being a school shooter.”

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According to Harris, those who have concealed carry permits can prevent crime.

He said the club believes concealed carry ultimately allows for a much safer environment as there have been national cases where individuals with concealed carry permits have prevented crime.

French added that it isn’t the students’ responsibility to protect themselves; it’s UNL’s job to ensure safety.

Ramzah said variables like location and the carrier’s status can determine UNLPD’s approach in handling a policy violation. He said the repercussions also hinge on those variables, since campus policy and city, state or federal laws can apply differently in different situations.

He said pepper spray and similar devices are exceptions to the campus rule.

Pepper spray is not necessarily considered a dangerous weapon, Ramzah said, although it’s capable of rendering someone incapacitated.

Isabelle Johnson, a senior broadcasting, ��studies and women’s and gender studies triple major, supports the current concealed weapons policy, but she does carry 18

pepper spray in her car. Although, she remembered an off-campus experience when she wished she had a stronger form of defense.

“I woke up in the middle of the night to this guy screaming at this woman,” she said. “I don’t know if they were dating or whatever. He kept screaming, ‘You’re coming home with me,’ and she’s like, ‘No, I’m not. No, I’m not.’ And that’s what I woke up to, and I raced downstairs and was like, ‘I have nothing to help this girl.’”

Ramzah said students should be aware of their surroundings, check the daily crime and ��log on UNL’s website and report suspicious activity to protect themselves without a gun, knife or similar device. He also recommended the escort service, which allows students to call UNLPD and request a police ���� to walk with them on campus to where they need to go.

“We try to stay pretty visible around campus and available when someone calls,” Ramzah said. “We try to do everything we can to be responsive to safety needs … and that’s some of the ways that we promote safety and look [after] students, faculty and staff and visitors that arrive on campus.”

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The gray area of classroom locks NOAH JOHNSON SENIOR SPORTS EDITOR

Former University of Nebraska-Lincoln lecturer Randall Bowdish was prepared to discuss what to do in the event of an active shooter — as he did at the beginning of the semester of every class he taught.

While he said he felt his classroom would be well-prepared with his advice in the admittedly low chance of a school shooting, he couldn’t say the same thing about similar UNL classrooms without interior locks.

But when he walked into his 26-student classroom in January 2016, he noticed what he thought to be a major ������ w.

“Most of the classes are not prepared,” he said. “They would be at the mercy of the shooter.”

There was no lock on the inside of the door.

“I looked at the door and said, ‘Oh, well this isn’t good,’” Bowdish said.

“Run, Hide, Fight” is the well-known phrase introduced by the U.S. Department of Homeland Security that has been adopted by a number of businesses and institutions, including UNL. It outlines what to do in the event of an active shooter.

DHS encourages people to run, if possible, as a �st option when confronted with an active shooter. If escape is not possible, DHS recommends ���� a hiding place outside of the shooter’s view that can be locked or barricaded with heavy furniture.

Bowdish said the lockless door left him with his hands tied in handling active shooter situations.

“When it came to the hide aspect, we were kind of screwed,” he said.

Bowdish and his class continued to go through the protocol and focus on how to ��� if confronted with a shooter, rather than discuss where to hide during a shooting.

He used his military background from serving in the United States Navy for 25 years to give advice on preparing for an active shooter situation. Bowdish told his class to throw whatever objects they could at the shooter, something he described as “seizing the initiative.”

Bowdish emailed the UNL Facilities Service Desk in January 2016 notifying them about the lack of a deadbolt or locking feature inside his classroom. He requested that a bolt be installed so his classroom may “safely implement the university’s ‘active shooter’ procedures in the event of an active shooter incident.”

Later that week, the Facilities Service Desk forwarded Bowdish’s request to the facilities structural supervisor and door specialist Steve Childers. Shortly after Childers received the request, he forwarded it to then-UNL Police Department Assistant Chief of Police Todd Duncan for review.

In an email sent to Bowdish on Jan. 15, 2016, Duncan said UNLPD was working with UNL Facilities to evaluate ��code requirements, door hardware options and security.

After this email, Bowdish received no update on his request’s progress for more than three weeks. Bowdish sent a follow-up email to Duncan on Feb. 9, 2016, to inquire about the progress of the door bolt.

Two days later, UNLPD Chief of Police Owen Yardley responded to Bowdish’s request. Yardley said that, after consulting with UNL’s Building Systems Maintenance Building Code ����� UNLPD had been advised that �� code prohibits the use of deadbolts in classroom spaces.

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Bowdish said this is an example of administrative inaction that could culminate in tragedy if not addressed.

“The university has an obligation to provide a safe learning environment,” he said. “[A school shooting] probably won’t happen, but if it does, it’s catastrophic.”

Later that spring, Bowdish wrote a thesis on the topic entitled “Active Shooter Security at the University of Nebraska: The Case for Training and Door Locks.”

In his thesis, Bowdish use��e university shootings from across the country to discuss the security de��ncies he believed threatened UNL’s student body.

One such shooting took place at Purdue University in 2014, which resulted in the death of a teaching assistant. In the wake of the shooting, the university introduced a number of sweeping changes regarding campus safety.

These changes included installing door locks, emergency alert beacons and desktop pop-up alert windows in classrooms across campus.

A report from the university’s ad hoc panel evaluated Purdue’s security feedback following the shooting, and stated that providing locking hardware for many of the university’s more than 40,000 doors should be taken into serious consideration.

For Bowdish, the case for installing door locks is black and white.

“We need to be proactive rather than reactive,” he said.

“These things only seem to become salient when there is a tragedy.”

For others, however, the issue lies in a gray area.

Yardley is no stranger to the discussion surrounding the installation of locks on campus. Throughout his tenure at UNL, he said he has been exposed to both sides of the issue.

Before the 2007 Virginia Tech shooting killed 32 people, Yardley said there was a national push to remove locks from the inside of classrooms. This discussion stemmed from a concern that people could use the locks to commit crimes inside the classroom, such as sexual assault and robbery.

Another argument against the installation of door locks, according to Yardley, is the possibility of locking students out of a classroom in the event of an active shooter.

On Feb. 28, 2018, Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School student Josh Gallagher took to Twitter to express his outrage at a teacher who locked him and other classmates out of a classroom after shots began to ring out in the adjacent building.

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In a South Florida Sun Sentinel article, the teacher, Jim Gard, said he was following protocol in choosing to lock the door.

“I looked back down the hall and no one was around — no one,” Gard said in the article. “You have to close the door. That’s protocol. We have no choice.”

From Yardley’s perspective, the discussion surrounding door������ id. He said there is currently no solution when it comes to������ ��� e answer on the subject. Interior locks could be helpful to deter shooters outside of the classroom, but Yardley wondered how people would react to scenarios where an assailant locked themselves inside the room.

“Then you ask, ‘Well, why were there locks on the door?

Why did we allow someone to barricade themselves in the room?’” he said. “It’s going to be a gray area for a long, long time and there is not a solid, concrete answer.”

Instead, Yardley said the best way to prevent school shootings is to be proactive and aware. He added students should report troubling behavior as soon as they become aware of it.

“Most school shootings, I don’t think there has been an exception here, there’s been information ahead of time,” he said. “To me, being proactive and being ahead of it and preventing it from happening is the best way.”

According to UNL building code o�������� Marshal Richard Firebaugh, someone must be able to exit a classroom under any circumstances.

“Fire code starts with basic premise that no matter where you are in the building, no matter what language you speak, you should be able to make it out of the building without special tools or knowledge,” he said.

Overall, Yardley said he believes the university has been effective in dealing with safety and security issues on campus.

“I think it’s a campus that’s pretty cohesive in working together to solve problems,” he said. “I think they have a lot of safety and security programs in place that currently exist to identify problems so they can be addressed before they escalate.”

Despite this, Bowdish remains adamant in his belief of the importance of implementing more safety features at UNL. “The price of a lock pales in comparison to the value of a life,” he said.

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lessons learned ELIZABETH REMBERT AND LIBBY SELINE SENIOR NEWS EDITOR AND STAFF WRITER

Security measures at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln began in 1926 with a lone night watchman.

While students slept, the watchman provided security for UNL buildings by patrolling campus. The university expanded its security measures over the next three decades, and a “Special Police for the City of Lincoln” was established for UNL in the 1950s, according to UNLPD. As the campus continued to grow, UNLPD grew with it. UNLPD named its �st chief of police in 1969 and fulltime commissioned o��rs replaced residence hall security in the 1990s.

UNLPD also adapted with changing technology and added in-car cameras in police cruisers in the early 2000s.

Security protocol nationwide changed as well.

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Many campuses established a police force after the University of Texas clock tower shooting in 1966. Prior to Columbine in 1999, universities did not have a plan for mass shootings, according to Josh Bronson, the director of training at the International Association of Campus Law Enforcement Administrators. Most school policies directed police���rs to attempt to stabilize the threat and wait until a SWAT team arrived.

By the time the Virginia Tech shooting occurred in 2007, groups of two to four o��rs would enter the scene and attempt to neutralize the threat, Bronson said. Several universities established threat assessment teams to prevent mass shootings after the Virginia Tech tragedy.

Bronson said a university’s security should be spe��� o its needs, but he encouraged schools to establish a threat assessment team and conduct annual active shooter drills. He said the school needs to��re out the protocol that works best for it and practice it.

“These incidents, even though they make headlines, are pretty rare still,” he said. “ … it’s really important to make sure the training is the best that you can possibly get.”

UNLPD chief Owen Yardley said he does not want to wait to make changes by reacting to tragedies. He said the department makes observations about the community and creates solutions to make campus safer. For instance, UNL formed its threat assessment team in 2001 and helped Virginia Tech create its own team after the shooting.

Yardley and Bronson both agreed community members also need to reach out and voice their concerns.

“A lot of the things you do on the security side, we say it takes the community to provide security,” Yardley said.

“You can’t rely on just the department because everyone is the eyes and ears for it.”

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1966: UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS Summary: Charles Whitman forever changed America’s notions of safety in public spaces when he killed 16 people and injured 31 others from the observation deck atop the Main Building tower at the University of Texas at Austin, before taking his own life. Gary Lavergne, the author of “A Sniper in the Tower,” said the University of Texas tower shooting marke����� st time anyone had taken his guns to go to school.”

Security after the event: Lavergne said the 90-minute rampage was a glaring realization of law enforcement’s de��ncies in stopping a shooter. The fatal inadequacies pushed law enforcement to form SWAT teams across the country and prompted universities to create police departments dedicated spe����� o protecting campuses.

1969: UNLPD EXPANDS, NAMES NEW CHIEF OF POLICE University Security was established in the 1950s as a sector of the Lincoln Police Department because of the growing campus community, according to UNLPD.

In 1969, UNLPD named���� st chief and added more policemen to the department because of increasing crime rates and students’ protests during the Vietnam War.

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1992: UNL ATTEMPTED SHOOTING Summary: UNL graduate student Arthur McElroy brou����� into an actuarial science classroom in Ferguson Hall on Oct. 12, 1992. He attempted t��� , but his gun jammed, which allowed the students to escape the classroom, according to an article by The Daily Nebraskan. According to Lincoln Journal Star reporter Lori Pilger, Lancaster County District Court Judge Bernard McGinn said McElroy was not guilty due to reason of insanity, and McElroy was sent to the Lincoln Regional Center. Lancaster County District Judge Paul Merritt Jr. released McElroy in 2015, after writing that he “simply lacks the strength to physically hurt anyone.”

Security after the event: Ten days after the incident, UNL established 36 10-foot-tall emergency phones on campus, according to a study after the incident by retired Peru State College professor of criminal justice Kelly Asmussen and current senior research scientist at University of Michigan Medical School John Creswell. UNL also distributed brochures to students that promoted counseling services and letters explaining the various security o��s on campus. The study also said students began volunteering to walk with each other at night.

Police chief Kevin Cauble told The Daily Nebraskan in February 1993 that an increase in crime re�cted national trends and was not spe��� o the campus. To adapt to the safety conce����� rs patrolled campus on foot rather than in vehicles. Additionally, UNLPD changed residence hall and building patrol o��rs from part-time to full-time commissioned community service o��rs.

UNL also established gun lockers for students, allowing them to keep their guns on campus but not in their dorms.

Forme������� r Bill Manning said the incident was unique and nothing could be done to prevent it.

2001: UNL THREAT ASSESSMENT TEAM ESTABLISHED According to University of Nebraska Public Policy Center director Mario Scalora, UNL has one of the nation’s longest-running threat assessment teams.

UNLPD and the University of Nebraska Public Policy Center established the threat assessment team in 2001. The team works together to de-escalate situations, according to Yardley.

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Upon receiving a report, team members work with the people who submitted the report to address the situation promptly. Additionally, the team meets on a monthly basis to review threats, according to UNLPD. “We’d rather spend more time on prevention rather than dealing with things after the fact,” Yardley said.

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G 2007: VIRGINIA TECH Summary: Seung-Hui Cho killed 32 and wounded 17 at Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, constituting the nation’s deadliest school shooting.

He shot and killed himself as police stormed the engineering building where Cho murdered 30 of the 32 victims.

Active-shooter training is a part of the university’s new student orientation, and Virginia Tech tests its cross-platform emergency alerts every year.

Owczarki said the university’s threat assessment team brings together campus voices to discuss and review cases that report someone to be a potential threat to themselves or others.

Security after the event: In the wake of the shooting, Virginia Tech implemented virtually all 280 safety recommendations stemming from a safety report mandated by the then-Virginia governor Tim Kaine, according to assistant vice president of university relations Mark Owczarski.

The recommendations included physical changes like removing door hardware to prevent assailants from chaining doors shut and proposals that became institutional standards of higher education — such as active-shooter procedures, emergency alert systems and threat assessment programs.

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“The world changed for higher education on April 16, 2007, there’s no doubt about it,” he said. “The notion that college campuses are grassy greens and safe places to be abruptly disappeared.”

After the change, he said he’s seen a silver lining in the institution’s push for threat assessment teams and multi-platform no���� n systems.

“That’s the best outcome I can see in light of the loss of life,” he said. “It helps us in higher education that the world expects universities to do more for these things.”

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LATE 2000s: UNL UPDATES RESIDENTIAL SECURITY SYSTEM UNLPD made proactive moves with security changes based on input from community members and its own observations about the amount of theft in residence halls.

According to Yardley, people wandered through hallways and stole items in unlocked rooms. UNLPD worked with University Housing to establish a system in which students needed NCards to enter a UNL building. Theft in residence halls droppe��������� ter the system was installed.

2016: OHIO STATE Summary: Ohio State University student Abdul Artan drove his car into a crowd of students on a sidewalk at the university’s Columbus campus on Monday, Nov. 28, 2016. After he hit and injured six people, he jumped out of the car and attacked other people with a knife, according to The New York Times. He was shot and killed by a university police o��r who was coincidentally on the scene within minutes of the incident, according to the Cincinnati Enquirer. None of the 11 injured faculty members and students had life-threatening injuries.

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Security after the event: The university released a video called “Surviving an Active Aggressor” in August 2018. According to director of media and public relations Ben Johnson, the video includes details about what to do if people are in a room that does not lock, how to exit throu��� st �or windows and how to lock and barricade doors.

Prior to the incident, Ohio State University had released a video about how to survive an active shooter, Johnson said in an email. Additionally, the university updated the Buckeye Alert system, which Ohio State Emergency Management uses to send alerts to the campus community.

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M 2018: PARKLAND Summary: Former student Nikolas Cruz shot and killed 17 people at Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School in Parkland, Floria on Wednesday, Feb. 14, 2018. According to Time, the 19 year old dropped his AR-15 and vest and ran from the scene with his fellow classmates. He was arrested by the police later that day.

Security after the event: The Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School administration declined to comment about the aftermath of this event.

However, according to The New York Times, the school hosts monthly codered drills to prepare for school shootings. Two months after the shooting, students were required to carry books in clear backpacks. Administration also distributed new student IDs following the shooting to ensure people not af��� ed with the high school are not on campus, according to CNN.

A statement from the superintendent of Broward County Public Schools, which includes Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School, said the school enhanced its security protocol for the 2018-19 school year. Visitors now have one designated entrance by the school’s main o��, and staff will interact with visitors through a video intercom system before unlocking the door and allowing them into the building.

Additionally, the district and community partners paid for new security cameras, which are monitored throughout the school day. The school also hired two counselors and 15 additional security guards.

The district also installed a fence around the school and closed off the building where the shooting occurred.

Thirty-four portables — trailers which schools installed to quickly provide classroom space amid space shortages — are on campus to replace the building, which the district plans to remove.

In the other buildings, classroom doors have a new lock system, ensuring doors will always remain locked from the outside.

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left in the dark

WILLIAM BAUER STAFF WRITER When it comes to campus safety at night, it’s not as simple as just keeping the lights on.

The people who work on and maintain exterior lighting and safety on campus at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln must make research-based decisions and develop an effective process to execute their plans.

Maintaining campus safety additionally requires the attention of not only university staff, but also students who walk the sidewalks daily.

Omar Elkhader, the Association of Students of the University of Nebraska Campus Life and Safety Committee chair, said his main goal while serving on ASUN was to help improve campus lighting.

That approach was noticed by others, such as Emily Casper, landscape architect and interim campus planner.

“The ASUN leadership that is there now, they have taken a very strong approach toward campus safety,” she said. “They have been much more active within the last year … personally, I hope that continues with the next set of government representatives.”

Casper and others in the o�� of Facilities Maintenance and Operations are working toward making campus safer.

In the last two years, Facilities Maintenance and Operations began focusing on landscape aspects of public safety. The campus employed principles of Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design to create a safer campus.

CPTED’s origins can be traced back to the 1960s, when it was initially created for large urban populations. Casper worked for a nonpro��� Baltimore when she�� st graduated college and that nonpro��mployed CPTED principles within Baltimore.

“It was used to prevent things like drug dealing, and it was used to open up lines of sight for police in low-income housing,” Casper said.

Even though Lincoln doesn’t have a large metropolitan population, the university still employs CPTED principles. Casper said because there are so many people on campus in such a small area, the basics of CPTED can be effectively applied and enforced.

CPTED on UNL’s campus may not look like it would in the city of Baltimore. At UNL, it involves keeping organic material well-trimmed and sight lines open and clean.

That’s when Facilities Maintenance and Operations started; it ide���places across campus where shrubbery and plant material impeded sight lines and trimmed them. Casper said the CPTED logic is that proper sight lines prevent crime because pedestrians can see what is coming at them. Without tall bushes or other large plant material, it’s harder for criminals to hide themselves and easier for pedestrians to be aware of their surroundings.

“I’ve toured a lot of other campuses, and they are struggling with the same thing,” Casper said.

These improvements have already been implemented in multiple places across campus: Chase Hall, East U������ ld, Love Library, Nebraska Union and the 12th Street mall. These particular places are picked out during UNL Safety Walks, an annual event hosted by UNLPD and ASUN, the most recent of which was in October 2018.

UNLPD and ASUN organize the event and roundup representatives from Landscape Services and Building Systems Maintenance. The Safety Walk organizers want a wide variety of eyes looking at the campus. They want eyes that will be����� lights, eyes that see and work to prevent crime and eyes that walk the campus everyday.

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“WE HAVE TO BE STRATEGIC WITH OUR PLANNING. BECAUSE AS SOON AS WE CHANGE OUT AN OLD METAL HALIDE LIGHT WITH A LED, WE HAVE A BRIGHT LIGHT IN THE MIDDLE OF CAMPUS AND NOW THAT APPEARS TO BE THE BRIGHTEST AREA ON CAMPUS.”

The group moves methodically through City and East campuses as it looks for places of safety concern. Participants look for places that are dark, places with burnt out lights and places in need of landscape improvements. The group enters the event with a priority list of pre���d locations and works from there. The entire process takes two to three hours.

As of mid-January, some dark areas were identi�d: Architecture Hall, the Courtyards, between Bessie, Oldfather and Burnett and the corner of 14th and W streets, near Mabel Lee Hall.

But the replacement and maintenance of exterior lighting isn’t a simple process. The replacement of lights has to be strategic. To start, the university is working on removing all the old Westinghouse������ res on campus and replacing the�������� res, which has been its main goal.

Also as of mid-January, Larry Steiger, with Facilities Management and Planning, said the university was about halfway through the replacement of the old Westinghouse��� res on City Campus.

He estimated they had approximately 15 more ��res remaining on the City Campus project.

Steiger heads the lighting update project, which started when Facilities Maintenance and Operations received funding to replace the old lighting,

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but Steiger and his crew quickly realized they didn’t have enough information to make smart and strategic decisions regarding the replacement.

The university hired Morrissey Engineering, an Omaha-based engine���������� cializes in optimizing e������� lectrical, lighting and technological needs. Morrissey conducted foot candle measurements, which is a measurement of how much light hits the ground. These measurements were taken at numerous places across campus.

With the information gathered, Morrissey produced a lighting diagram of both City and East campuses which depicted what areas needed improved lighting. Both Steiger and Casper agreed the areas which needed more work had one thing in common.

“Most of the Westinghouse��� res were in close proximity to where the underlit areas were identi�d on campus,” Steiger said.

Steiger said the Westinghouse��� res have the older and yellower light, while LEDs have a whiter light. The LEDs may appear to be brighter because of the way our eyes perceive the different colored light even if that’s not actually the case.

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But Casper said she also wants to avoid over-lighting an area.

“If we create areas that are super bright and well-lit and you walk into a darker area, your eyes can’t adjust to the change in light,” Casper said.

“It makes it even less safe.”

Casper and Steiger said it’s a balancing act. They want to make sure they are creating a safe and well-lit campus environment, while being practical and e��� nt with their limited funds.

“We have to be very careful and strategic with our planning,” Steiger said. “Because as soon as we change out an old, metal halide light with a LED, we have a bright light in the middle of campus and now that appears to be the brightest area on campus.”

Steiger described the horizontal component as how large of a radius the light covers. The vertical component is how we��� res or objects are lit.

Steiger said it’s how one pedestrian sees another’s face when approaching them. He also said increasing the vertical-illumination component of campus lighting was the main goal of this study.

Parking lots have different requirements than streets and roadways, which have different requirements than courtyards or campus malls. For the most part, there is far less pede������� on roadways, therefore the foot candle requirements are not as great.

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On the other hand, campus malls and pathways have a large amount o������ higher foot candle requirements. Casper also said they have to take other ambient lighting into consideration.

“Some of our stuff is along city streets, so we need to consider the city street lights and sometimes they, [the City of Lincoln], overconsider,” Casper said.

Once the lighting on City Campus has been taken care of, the next step is East Campus.

“Historically, it hasn’t been as well-lit as City Campus and we are very aware of that,” Casper said.

“It’s one of those things we need to start thinking philosophically about how we are going to light the campus. We are working toward making it better.”

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Casper said updating lighting on East Campus will be a struggle of its own. Facilities Maintenance and Operations will take into consideration the spaces which they are trying to light as many are not designated for pedestrians, but for agriculturalrelated research. She spe�������� ned greenhouses and how they will need to be careful with the lighting surrounding them as they don’t want to affect the plants.

The process to improve campus safety and lighting requires constant upkeep. Facilities Maintenance and Operations are constantly working to keep campus as safe as possible during the night.

“It’s ongoing all the time,” Steiger said. “It’s a task to keep up with them; it is just ever evolving.”

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look both ways: road Safety on campus

KYLE KRUSE STAFF WRITER

Photos by Ann Milroy

Crisscrossed by major streets such as Vine, 16th and R, University of Nebraska - Lincoln’s City Campus has to accommodate students and other individuals who are walking, biking and driving.

Moore said she was unaware of previous pedestrian-vehicle accidents prior to her incident. She was ����� in her ability to cross a street without getting hit by a vehicle, so she crossed somewhere with no crosswalk.

Though there is a plethora of pedestrian crossings and stop signs to guide the thousands of students rushing to get to class, there are bound to be accidents and injured students.

As she entered the street near the U-Stop at 17th and Q streets, a pickup truck pulled out of a nearby alley. She saw the driver looking the other direction, as if to check for pedestrians, so she assumed he had looked her way and seen her. He hadn’t and then hit her.

Nadine Moore was one such student who found herself staring down the oncoming headlights of a vehicle.

Moore, who studied journalism at UNL last year, was going about her usual routine during dead week in spring 2018 when she was struck while crossing the street.

Even though she walked away, she was shaken by the experience.

“Up until second semester of last year, I hadn’t really had a lot of problems with ���� on campus],” Moore said.

“Yeah, there were a lot of drivers that weren’t very considerate of pedestrians that were walking, but for the most part, it’s never been bad. I had never heard of anyone getting hit by a car on campus or anything.”

“The guy stopped for a second and was like, ‘Oh, sorry,’” Moore said. “Then he gave me his phone number and his �st name and left. This was during lunch time in Lincoln, too, so there were a lot of people around and a lot of people saw it and were like, ‘You’re just going to let him drive away?’” In shock, Moore replied with, “I guess so,” and went to return a camera she rented from Andersen Hall while her arm was still bleeding.

At the University Health Center, she was informed that her left ulna had been bruised during the accident, and the nurses called the police to report the incident.

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In Moore’s case, not much else resulted from the accident. The university never said anything to her, and she never inquired further about it. She said she felt like it wasn’t her place since it technically wasn’t on campus, though it was right across the street.

Mark Lutjeharms, tr��� engineering manager for the City of Lincoln Transportation and Utilities, said safety for motorists, pedestrians and bicycle riders is always at the top of his mind when it comes to street planning, design and construction, especially in a campus environment.

Moore said she wants students to learn from her experience and know what to do after if they are ever hit by a vehicle. She said it’s hard to focus when in shock but to make sure the victims get the driver’s �st and last name and make sure they don’t leave the scene until police arrive.

He said his department is constantly looking for ways to improve the pedestrian and commuter experience on campus and downtown.

Sydney Wurdeman, a sophomore political science and sociology double major, said she also had a traumatic ex��������������� pus.

Wurdeman was on her daily bike ride to campus in October when she was hit by a driver who failed to obey a stop sign at the intersection of 22nd and Q streets. She, unlike Moore, did not walk away from her incident with just cuts and bruises. She broke her leg, ankle and foot.

“The ���� at UNL can be crazy,” Wurdeman said. “I’ve seen a lot of kids biking have similar issues with cars not stopping at stop signs. There’s ���ely an issue with it.”

Although UNL and Lincoln are typically bike-friendly, Wurdeman said there are a lot of people trying to get to their destinations as fast as they can, which can result in dangerous situations.

Sgt. Jonathan Sears of the University of Nebraska-Lincoln Police Department said the streets and ���� in and around UNL’s campus are safe as long as everyone is paying attention to their surroundings.

“Speed limits, stop signs and ���� lights on campus provide for a safe commute if everyone, including vehicles, bicycles and pedestrians, follow the rules of ���� control devices and crosswalks,” Sears said. “To stay safe, especially in today’s society, everyone needs to put down their devices and concentrate.”

Sears recommends wearing highly visible clothing as a pedestrian to stand out more to motorists.

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“Recently, physical changes to 16th and 17th streets and improved ���� signal timings along Antelope Valley Parkway have been implemented to promote pedestrian and bicycle safety on campus,” Lutjeharms said.

According to Lutjeharms, these changes have resulted in less ���� on the streets running through campus.

He said the crash data for 16th Street, between Q and Vine streets, shows fewer vehicle-pedestrian crashes have been reported since the implementation of these changes.

During summer 2017, many of the streets throughout UNL’s campus transitioned from ���� signals to stop signs. Lutjeharms said this decision was made in order to divert non-campus ���� to streets that move vehicles around campus, rather than through it. This transition has achieved its goal, he said, as greater ���� ����� and safety has been observed since.

According to Sears, the commute works best if everyone is alert, focused and paying attention. The City of Lincoln and UNL frequently work together to make the streets in and around campus safer.

Wurdeman said nobody should have to worry about breaking their leg while going to class.

“I know that there is a plethora of kids that are walking and biking [on campus] as opposed to anywhere else in the city,” she said. “It’s really easy to just take that turn and not look a second time, but just be extra aware of your surroundings. It’s important to take those extra precautions.”

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A PLASTIC SHIELD: security in dorms 38 36

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AUDREY HERTEL AND EMMA KOPPLIN STAFF WRITERS Every time on-campus residents enter a University of Nebraska-Lincoln dorm, they encounter one of the �st safety measurements in place for campus housing — the NCard access system. Under this system, two pieces of plastic — an NCard and a room key — are partly responsible for student safety.

But NCards and room keys are just one part of the extensive security system in place to keep students safe.

Tony Rathgeber, the interim associate director of residence life, said in an email there are many other safety measures that are aimed at keeping residence halls secure.

Rathgeber said providing a safe living community in residence halls is of the utmost importance, and each semester begins with a ��� meeting to promote safety. There are also community service ���s who act as the �st responders in residence halls and night clerks who work at the desks near main entrances to check in residents after midnight.

The UNL Police Department is ����� in the NCard system’s ability to keep students safe. Hassan Ramzah, the assistant chief of police at UNL, said that along with the NCard system, community service ���s play a large role in student safety. This includes serving as liaisons to students and resident hall staff.

Rathgeber said security features on the residence hall buildings themselves keep the building safe for residents.

The exterior doors to residence halls are locked 24 hours a day and only allow access to students with a valid NCard that has been coded to recognize them as a resident.

Within individual rooms, peepholes are attached to doors and windows are covered with screens.

Rathgeber said residents who have visitors in the hall must escort them at all times and visitors must sign in at the main desk. He said the violation of residence hall protocol may result in severe disciplinary sanctions based �������������K Students who live in the residence halls must use their NCard to enter the hall. After midnight, there are checks in place where students entering residence halls must show their NCard to front desk employees located at all major entrances and exits in the building.

Photo by Luke Gibbons

April Master.indd 37

Senior biological sciences major Zach Kenyon is a former employee and supervisor for the suites complex, including Knoll Residential Center, University Suites and Eastside Suites.

He said dorm security tightens after midnight. The only doors students can enter through are the doors in front of desks, where their NCards are checked by a front desk employee. The locks only allow people who live in that ������������ o enter.

Kenyon said front desk workers only input a student’s NUID into a computer system to verify their residential status when they are with a group of people.

“If there was a group, that’s when we would individually input their NUID into a system we have, and then we will verify where they live,” he said.

Kenyon said employees make sure the photo on the NCard matches the person who holds it.

At Ohio State, a similar system, called Buck IDs, is in place. Students must also swipe their Buck IDs to use the elevators in OSU residence halls.

Additionally, OSU’s University Housing utilizes feedback surveys to ensure students can indicate their feelings about their residence hall’s safety. In 2014, 97.1 percent of students living on campus reported feeling safe in their residence hall most or all of the time.

Penn State is another Big Ten school that utilizes different security techniques.

Penn State not only uses a card system, but also has an Access Control and Electronic Security team tasked with providing a “centralized and ���� monitoring system for incidents and alarms,” according to its Undergraduate Housing safety webpage.

UNLPD and housing staff remain ����� in UNL’s dorm safety procedures, teams and security measures.

“You can’t secure everything on campus, but we try to employ different mechanisms in places where the need is there to monitor, and we also try to have it not be intrusive to campus activity,” Ramzah said.

«

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A look at Big Ten safety University of Nebraska - Lincoln

University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign

Northwestern University

Active-shooter preparation: The bu��������� de at UNL prohibits interior locks on classrooms, and the university employs the Run, Hide, Fight methodology as its standard active-shooter response. Resources on Run, Hide, Fight are posted on the University of Nebraska-Lincoln Police Department’s website, and the department offers training courses.

Active-shooter preparation: Patrick Wade, communications director at the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign’s Police Department, said the university equipped most classro������� s with locks, and offers alternative ideas for security — like using furniture or tying doors shut with belts — for buildings that are too old for locks.

Active-shooter preparation: Eric Chin, deputy chief of police at Northwestern University, said the university employs Run, Hide Fight as its procedure in active shooter situations.

He said the department lectures on the protocol in person and provides a video that shows how the proper response unfolds on Northwestern’s campus.

Threat assessment team: UNL’s long-established threat assessment team utilizes university personnel and resources to identify possible threats, assess the situation holistically and provide recommendations for intervention.

Alert system: The university uses UNL Alert to notify its community of any emergencies on campus and to recommend how the community should react. The alerts are posted on social media and university websites, and they also reach people through text messages and emails.

Guns on campus: Students, faculty and staff at UNL are prohibited from carrying guns on campus, even if they hold a valid permit.

Gun lockers are available for community members at UNLPD headquarters.

Safety in sports stadiums: UNLPD works with local law enforcement to increase its security detail for events at large venues, and it enforces a clear-bag policy.

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Threat assessment team: The university has a team for faculty, staff, prospective and former students and parents of students to evaluate potential threats on a case-by-case basis. A Campus Violence Prevention Committee also evaluates practices and procedures in reporting, evaluating and responding to potential threats.

Alert system: The university uses Illini-Alert to notify the campus community o������ emergencies, and the alerts are delivered through email, social media and text messages.

Guns on campus: Guns are prohibited on Illinois’ campus, as well as concealed carry.

Safety in sports stadiums: The university’s athletic department recently implemented a clear-bag policy, and it employs a heavy police presence as well as private security for large athletic events.

Threat assessment team: The Behavioral Consultation Team receives reports about concerning behaviors that could threaten campus.

The team assesses the threat, addresses the behavior and provides support services and guidance on preventing violence.

Alert system: Administrators at Northwestern alert the community of crises via text messages, voicemails, emails, outdoor alerts and posts on university websites.

Guns on campus: Even with valid licenses, no guns are allowed on Northwestern’s campus.

Safety in sports stadiums: Chin said the campus uses intelligence, deterrence and technology to enhance safety at large venues.

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University of Iowa

University of Maryland

Active-shooter preparation: Anne Bassett, the university’s Director of Media Relations, said the University of Iowa does not share the details of safety procedures and precautions, but the university does employ the Run, Hide, Fight motto in its Violent Incident Survival Training course.

Active-shooter preparation: The���� f Emergency Management at the University of Maryland facilitates the school’s active shooter policy, and promotes the Run, Hide, Fight approach in a video that’s set on the university’s campus.

Threat assessment team: The university’s Human Resources and Public Safety departments partner to facilitate its Threat Assessment Team.

The team includes representatives from law enforcement, mental health, student services, faculty and staff services and legal services to identify, assess and manage potential threats.

Alert system: The university employs Hawk Alert to notify the community of emergency threats to physical safety. Administrators send recorded or electronic emergency messages by phone call, text and email. Iowa also uses the Rave Guardian app so students can select virtual guardians to escort them while walking home, send anonymous crime tips and call the university’s police department with a panic button.

Guns on campus: No weapons are allowed on school grounds, facilities or at school activities, even with proper permits. Students fou������ arms are suspended for at least one year.

Threat assessment team: The Behavior Evaluation and Threat Assessment Team at Maryland University combines expertise from the�� lds of public safety, mental health, counseling and student affairs to evaluate reports about concerning behavior from students.

Alert system: The UMD Alerts System no��s the campus community of active major campus emergencies through text messages, alert beacons, warning sirens and emails.

Guns on campus: The University System of Maryland has banned guns on all college campuses, even for those who hold the proper permits.

Safety in sports stadiums: The University of Maryland Police Department provides security for events in large venues and enforces a clearbag policy.

Safety in sports stadiums: The University of Iowa keeps the details of safety procedures and precautions in sports stadiums co�� ntial.

DAILYNEBRASKAN.COM DAILYNEBRASKAN.

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Michigan State University

University of Minnesota Twin Cities

Indiana University Bloomington

Active-shooter preparation: The Michigan State University Police Department said it offers workshops on “proactive and reactive strategies” to prepare for active-shooter situations on campus and also employs Run, Hide, Fight as its standard procedure. Every building on campus has an Emergency Action Plan that directs faculty, staff, students and visitors on how to respond to an emergency.

Active-shooter preparation: Lacey Nygard, the university’s assistant director of public relations, said the University of Minnesota uses Run, Hide, Fight as its active shooter response.

The standard Run, Hide, Fight video is available on the university’s website.

Active-shooter preparation: The university is working to transition from its buildings’ hard-key locks to electric locks, according to William Munroe, captain of administration at the Bloomington’s division of the Indiana University Police Department.

Threat assessment team: The university’s Behavioral Consultant Team assesses concerns about potential threats from students and provides guidance about how to handle the situation. The Employee Threat Assessment Team also handles reports about concerns involving staff or faculty members.

The university produced its own Run, Hide, Fight video where the active-shooter situations are set in buildings on the Bloomington campus. The video is not required during student orientation, but Munroe said the department promotes the procedures and offers active-shooter trainings upon request.

Alert system: Through SAFE-U, the university alerts its campus community of on-campus emergencies like��s, bomb threats, major weather incidents, crime or accidents. The campus community is automatically opted into the SAFE-U alerts and are no��d via phone calls, text messages and emails.

Threat assessment team: The university assesses potential threats to campus through its Campus Security Authorities, who regularly investigate reports from the campus community.

Threat assessment team: Michigan State University’s Behavioral Threat Assessment Team responds to potential threat reports from the campus community. The team analyzes the likelihood of follow-through on the concern and ide��� s actions that can mitigate the potential threat.

Alert system: Michigan State warns its campus community about crimes and potentially dangerous situations through MSU Alerts. The no���� ns are delivered through voice messages to phones, emails and text messages.

Guns on campus: Firearms are forbidden for students, faculty and staff on Michigan State University’s campus, even for those who hold concealed carry permits. Visitors with concealed carry permits may bring �� arms onto campus.

Safety in sports stadiums: The MSUPD increases its presence for events in large venues and does not allow any bags for attendees of sports events.

40

Guns on campus: No guns are allowed on the University of Minnesota Twin Cities campus, unless the carrier has a valid permit and has stored the��� arm in a locked vehicle.

Safety in sports stadiums: UMPD increases security personnel for events in large venues, and employs a clear-bag policy for event attendees.

Alert system: Administration and law enforcement of�� rs at Indiana University Bloomington send emergency alerts, public no��� tions and crime alerts through IU-Notify.

The alerts reach the campus community through social media, text, email, electronic signage and announcements over an outdoor loudspeaker.

Guns on campus: No guns are allowed on campus, even for those who hold the proper permits.

Safety in sports stadiums: Munroe said it takes at least 100 police ��� rs to provide security for events with large venues. The IUPD coordinates with lo����� rs to set up metal detectors, check bags and sweep for bombs or drugs with K9 units.

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The Ohio State University

Pennsylvania State University

Purdue University

Active-shooter preparation: Ohio State has installed 245 standard classroom locks, but Nicole Holman, assistant director of marketing and communications at Ohio State, recommends everyone should follow the Run, Hide, Fight advice outlined in the university’s “Surviving an Active Aggressor” video.

Active-shooter preparation: The Pennsylvania State University Police and Public Safety departments facilitate the university’s Run, Hide, Fight program, which is available online. The university police also coordinate with local law enforcement for training on responding to active shooters.

Active-shooter preparation: According to Carol Shelby, Purdue University’s senior director for environmental health and public safety, the university has installed locks that can be locked from the inside when needed. Each campus building has a written emergency plan that ide��� s a shelter location and evacuation path. Purdue also employs Run, Hide, Fight with training at freshman orientation, and resources are available online and in person throughout the year.

Threat assessment team: Ohio State’s Consultation and Assessment Team analyzes students who are a potential threat to themselves or to the university’s community or property.

The team is comprised of representatives from the Ohio State Police, Americans with Disabilities Act, legal affairs and departments within the ���of Student Life like, Counseling and Consultation Services, the Student Advocacy Center and Student Conduct.

Alert system: Ohio State uses the Buckeye Alert system to alert the campus community through text messages and social media. The university also uses the Rave Guardian app, which allows people to give their GPS location to family, friends or virtual guardians.

Guns on campus: Students, faculty and staff are not allowed to carry guns on campus, even with a valid permit. However, community members with a concealed carry permit may store the��� arms in a locked vehicle on campus.

Threat assessment team: The website for PSU’s Behavioral Threat Management Team said it is responsible for educating, communicating, planning, assessing, managing and mitigating behavioral threats on campus.

Alert system: Penn State uses PSUAlert to notify its campus community of emergency situations. The alerts are distributed through email, voicemail and text messages.

Guns on campus: Penn State prohibits the use and possession o�� earms on campus, even for those who hold valid licenses. However, campus community members with permits may place the��� arms in storage facilities at the university police o��.

Safety in sports stadiums: University Police and Public Safety at Penn State University increases its personnel for events at large venues. ��� rs ou�� ed with tactical gear are placed at each stadium entrance, and they patrol inside and around the stadium. Backpacks, bags and purses are also not allowed, and all attendees’ possessions are subject to inspection.

Threat assessment team: The Integrated Emergency Management Plan Advisory Committee ide��� s and prioritizes potential threats to campus, and the hazards are reviewed annually.

Alert system: Purdue uses Purdue Alert to notify its community of any emergencies.

The alerts are conveyed through text messages, Twitter, email, digital signs on campus, desktop computer pop-ups and beacons in large classrooms.

Guns on campus: Purdue University does not permit any weapons on campus, even if an individual has a valid license.

Safety in sports stadiums: The university works closely with local, county, state and federal agencies when providing security for events in large venues.

Safety in sports stadiums: Ohio State works with local, state and federal law enforcement to provide security for major events like football games and concerts.

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Rutgers University

University of Wisconsin - Madison

Active-shooter preparation: The Rutgers University Police Department offers formal and informal training about university procedures on active shooter situations. The training videos walk the campus community through exiting the compromised facilities, contacting and reporting the situation to authorities and when an area is safe from the threat.

Active-shooter preparation: Marc Lovicott, the Director of Communications for the University of Wisconsin-Madison Police Department, said the university is working to install interior locks in all classrooms.

Threat assessment team: The Threat Assessment Team at Rutgers University combines multiple disciplines to address and respond to reports about threats or acts of violence on campus.

The university recently released an Active Threat Response guide, which focuses on the three key steps from Run, Hide, Fight. The resources are available online, and the department also offers monthly courses.

Threat assessment team: The university’s Threat Intervention Team assesses and coordinates responses to the potential threats from students, faculty, staff, visitors and Alert system: no����� es. The team’s threat direcThe campus community can opt into the university’s Emergency No����� tor oversees representatives from Student Life������� of Legal Affairs, System. The alert system sends no�� University Health Services, University cations through text messages.

Housing, Human Resources, Employee Assistance���and University ComGuns on campus: munications.

Weapons — which Rutgers Student Affairs de��s as any object or subAlert system: stance designed to i����� ound, Wisconsin uses WiscAlerts for active cause injury, incapacitate or cause a emergency situations when the campus reasonable fear of harm — are forbidcommunity needs to take immediate den in housing facilities. action to stay safe. WiscAlerts go out via text messages, emails and Safety in sports stadiums: RUPD teams with local law enforcement phone calls. to enhance safety at events in large Guns on campus: venues and employs a clear-bag policy.

No guns are allowed on the university’s campus, even with proper licenses.

Safety in sports stadiums: The university police department brings in extra staff to enhance safety at events with large venues. It recently implemented metal detectors at certain sporting events.

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