INDEX 1. ANDROID L 2. GRIDBOTS 3. THE BIG BLUE 4. PLAY STATION 5. GRAPHENE CHIP
ANDROID L “Keep improvising and bring out the One of the major companies, HTC next upgraded version”, is certainly has already announced its connecthe working mantra for the Android tion with Android Lfolks. “HTC is excited about the new The last Android version-KITKAT features in Android L and we can’t has been upgraded by Android L, wait to share them with our cuswith a raft of new changes with tomers. We are committed to upSundar Pichai. dating our flagship HTC One famiIt’s going to have a radical new de- ly as fast as possible. sign, 5000 new APIs, will be avail- “We will begin rolling out updates able for developer previews soon, to the HTC One (M8) and HTC and it’s going beyond the mobile One (M7)in regions worldwide form factor. Android L will be con- within 90 days of receiving final textually aware of its surrounding, software from Google, followed plus voice is going to me a major shortly thereafter by other One input source. family members and select devices.” SO WHEN DO WE GET AN- This means the final version, so expect yourM8 and M7 upgraded DROID L?? with Android L around the month For developers with a NEXUS 5 of December. or NEXUS 7, this new version has already made itself available from WHATS NEW?? June 26, 2014. But for the rest of the world, it is yet a few months away. The striking feature of this new Soon we will find out whether this version is the way it makes every new version isAndroid 5 orAndroid animation, every ripple and every 4.5. And of course, the dessert name shadow look real, in spite of being flat. It’s meant look book flat as that would be assigned to it. as well as 3D. WWW.CYBOINSECT..COM
ANDROID L
• Besides, the notifications will flow on the top. •The version is more intuitive, as it has more shadow gradients,3D tiles that slide over one another and most importantly: access for developers to use this for themselves on their apps. •It brings about the smoothness of the flow as it supports communication of the apps among. So there is no “teleportation of apps”.
• The notification will prioritise itself as you work with the phone, notifying you only about the apps which you use more compared to others. • You can have a pop-up at the top if you get a call asking you whether to receive it or not, while you’re playing games. So is the case with messages.
•Roboto font has been updates to make every device from watch to These modification in the notificaT.V. look the same tion lead to a less intrusive at the wrong times. •The home, back and multitasking buttons have too undergone refine- 2) INTERLOCKING APPS ment. Combining all the features, it results As mentioned above, the apps comin a cleaner more intuitive-looking municate with each other.Idea goes version of Google’s mobile plat- much deeper than that though form. Chrome browsing has an API that other apps can take advantage of, OTHER NEW FEATURES: so if you click a link to book a table in the browser you’ll be taken to something like OpenTable directly, 1) NOTIFICATIONS AND rather than the mobile site. LOCK SCREEN 3) QUICK,COOL AND EFFI• Android L has renovated the notifications panel which is now CIENT merged with the lock screen. So Of course, the android made sure you can also know what’s going on that the new version makes its viWWW.CYBOINSECT..COM
sion makes its visual impact, a lot of background work has been done by the Google to make sure that this Android L is still fast and furious and efficient. ART, which was an optional runtime in Kit KAT has been standard in Android L. ART is runs twice as fast as Dalvik runtime which was found in the previous Androids. 4)
ANDROID L
Google NEXUS 5 released Android 4.4.While we are waiting for the big-screen tablet to run with the update, Nexus 10 doesn’t seem to be round the corner just yet. There are also rumours about Nexus-8 which might get launched with Android 4.5, so chances are that this might be the device with which Android Lollipop might make its grand entry with.
BATTERY LIFE?
Project Volta is Google’s new way to show how and because of what reasons the phone batteries are drained. Using this, the Android L batteries are becoming more efficient. Not much in specific could be said now, but things will turn out to look more efficient. It has a power saver mode by default which can save battery upto 90%. This image of Android L (4.5 or 5) Android Lcould do wonders for bat- shows that we may get split screen tery life. ArsTechnica put the new apps, which will prove to be a useOS version to the test and found that ful feature especially on large screen a Nexus 5 running Android L had devices. around 36% more battery life than one on Android 4.4 Kit Kat. The functionality has already been WHO IS THE FIRST ONE?? The first of the devices that will run ANDROID 5 will be either NEXUS phone or the tablet. WWW.CYBOINSECT..COM
used by Samsung, LG and Sony. But if Android puts this into use, then all devices can use it too.
ANDROID L
This is a screenshot showing new icons apparently for the Android L. So let’s just hold our hearts containing the enthusiasm and expectations with the Android L and get ourselves prepared for welcoming this amazingly new upgrade by the GOOGLE….
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GRIDBOTS
Each tree we see, at a point, was a 10 cities of India. First of all I would really like to seed. A frequent continuous care has been taken toand make them a plant introduce our readers to the things and eventually – obviously the tree. they do. Even the HUGE Kabir-Vad at ShukGridbots’ main practice is to make latirth, Narmada was once only a ROBOTS for DEFENCE, NUCLEseed. AR and DEFENCE AGENCIES Don’t I won’t goinganto interwrite and also in the consumer segments. about worry, the Botany. During view, Dr. Lawrence ‘Larry’ Page, the CEO of Google Inc. said, “When I NUCLEAR ROBOTICS was 12, I knew that I was going to start a company”. You shall not even These robots are especially built worry at this stage, because I am also for the nuclear field works. This not going to write about Larry. The includes Nuclear Thermal Powbunch of information is available on er Plants. There are many places, Wikipedia and Google itself. where direct human-contacts are either impossible or harmful. Any This article is about the company kind of radiation contact results in which was started as a seed in a per- severe disease. Thus robots are the son’s mind and was watered and giv- ONLY solution. en fertilizers frequently in the form of HARDWORK. It is an INDIAN com- 1. Gamma Rad –I pany in the field of Robotics, which is a pride for us. Another pride for us Gamma Rad – I is a robot, built to is that it is in Ahmedabad, Gujarat. perform UNDERWATER operaThe name is GridBots Technologies tions. It is controlled remotely to Private Limited, founded in August, perform the operations underwater, 2007 by Mr. Pulkit Gaur. At present which carry nuclear particles. The stage, they have a strong presence in Heavy Water (D2O) is used as the WWW.CYBOINSECT..COM
moderator which is in direct contact with Fuel Rod and Control Rods. The operations in the reservoirs of D2O can be done easily without harm.
GRIDBOTS
This robot is also useful in the SPACE ROBOTICS.
SPECIFICATIONS: Model NaMe : GaMMa Rad 1 SySteM WeiGht: 250 KG diMeNSioNS : 1300x700x300 MM[lxBxh] oN-BoaRd acceSSoRieS : SludGe cleaNeR aNd FilteR attachMeNtS Payload : 150 KG dRive SySteM : diFFeReNtial tRacKS BaSed actuatoRS : tWo - couNteR RotatiNG BRuSheS iN FRoNt aNd BacK viSioN SySteM : 2 RealtiMe ccd SeNSoRS oN BoaRd aNti-colliSioN SySteM : BouNce SeNSoRS autoNoMouS oPeRatioN: PRoGRaMMaBle teMPeRatuRe : 0-75 deGRee ceNtiGRade SuPPlied caBle leNGth : 50 MeteRS PoWeR : SiNGle PhaSe - 5 Kva - 230 v a.c.
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2.Nu Dozer
GRIDBOTS
Nu Dozer is mainly a Bulldozer designed to perform underwater operations. It has motorizedshovel which can push and pull the debris and can collect them at a point from where it can be lifted or collected by bigger robots. The main advantage, I guess, in this machine is the CATERPILLERS provided. This is the mechanism you have seen in the battle-tanks’ socalled “TYRES”! It has improved grip as the contact area is increased and moves very effectively in the mud of about 1 foot depth. Model NaMe : Nu doZeR SySteM WeiGht : 25 KG diMeNSioNS : 1000x150x300 MM[lxBxh] oN-BoaRd acceSSoRieS : oN BoaRd - MotoRiSed Shovel Payload : 75 KG dRive SySteM : diFFeReNtial tRacKS BaSed actuatoRS : MotoRiSed 2 doF Shovel viSioN SySteM : oPtioNal aNti-colliSioN SySteM : BouNce SeNSoRS autoNoMouS oPeRatioN : PRoGRaMMaBle teMPeRatuRe : 0-75 deGRee ceNtiGRade SuPPlied caBle leNGth : 50 MeteRS PoWeR : SiNGle PhaSe - 1 Kva - 230 v a.c.
3.Rad Cam Rad Cam is the acronym of the RADiation CAMera.It can measure radiations up to 10,000 rads. Suitable for both underwater and on-surface purposes, this robot takes measurements maintaining a good distance from the object. Hence providing increased protection against radiation.
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GRIDBOTS
SPECIFICATIONS: Model NaMe : Rad caM SySteM WeiGht : 3 KG diMeNSioNS : 300x100x100 MM[lxBxh] ReSolutioN : 520 tv liNeS MiNiMuM illuMiNatioN : 1 lux PoWeR : 20 v d.c. - 1 aMPS SeNSoR SySteM : cMoS teMPeRatuRe : 0-75 deGRee ceNtiGRade SuPPlied caBle leNGth :50 MeteRS
INDUSTRIAL ROBOTICS 1. Robotic Manipulators X-axis Articulated Manipulators It contains varieties of models.Basic function is obviously the same: It is a simple machine tool, provided with total X different movements (referred to as X degrees of freedom or DOF). It is used to perform different tasks, according to the requirement. The principle benefit is the possible AUTOMATION, I guess. The Gridbots provides: 4 – 5 – and 6 axis manipulators. Different models are: 500, 1000 and 2000gm in 4- and 5-axis. While 250, 500 and 1000gm in 6-axis manipulator. This categories has been given ACCORDING TO THE PAYLOAD. General data is same. Except the DoF’s and Payload.
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Model NuMBeR : MaNiP-aR4-yyyy coNFiGuRatioN: aRticulated Reach : 650 MM axeS :x Payload : y GMS RePeataBility : 0.1 MM dRive : d.c. SeRvo WeiGht : 10 KG MouNtiNG : FlooR/hoRiZoNtal dRive SySteM : GB 100 – coNtRolleR teMPeRatuRe : 0-45 deGRee ceNtiGRade huMidity : 20-75% PoWeR : SiNGle PhaSe - 0.25 Kva - 230 v a.c.
GRIDBOTS
Except all these, the Gridbots have a great contribution in the Consumer Robotics also.Due to the contribution and the dedications in the company by the founder, they are now one of the largest suppliers of the leading companies in India in robotics.
theiR PRiMe 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
coNSuMeRS aRe eNliSted BeloW:
BaRc- BhaRat atoMic ReSeaRch ceNtRe PRl- PhySical ReSeaRch laBoRatoRy iSRo- iNdiaN SPace ReSeaRch oRGaNiZatioN NtPc- NatioNal theRMal PoWeR coRPoRatioN Nid- NatioNal iNStitute oF deSiGNiNG iNdiaN Navy oNGc- oil aNd NatuRal GaS coRPoRatioN GujaRat ScieNce city Mha- MiNiStRy oF hoMe aFFaiRS GujaRat Police
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GRIDBOTS
ABOUT THE FOUNDER Mr. Pulkit Gaur is the founder of the Gridbots. Robotics is his passion. He has a degree in Industrial Engineering. He is building robots since his childhood, written his own OS, image recognition system and speech recognition system. Mr. Pulkit used to break toys like others his age. But then he would try to put them back together. “This was the toughest part. However carefully I tried to repair them, they were never the same. This made me experiment,” says Gaur, who made a microphone out of a pencil-cell when he was about 10.When he was in class VII, he made a transmitter with a range of about 5km in his one-room lab at home in Jodhpur, Rajasthan. The circuit design got published in an electronics magazine and he received about 2,000 fan mails. He has received TED Fellowship - MIT Young Innovator Award and Rajiv Motwani Circle Fellowship apart from various other national and international awards under his belt.Pulkit Gaur has also started a company, Edubotix Innovation Labs, to educate college students in robotics. He received awards in software and hardware from prestigious IIT-Bombay Techfest in 2002, 2003 and 2004. He has also designed and developed an artificial vision system for the visually impaired and a programmable hybrid three-wheeler. The main inspiration for him is our favorite IRON MAN and he has a
other members VIJAITA The CEO of the company, is an IT engineer. She heads the software division of the company Main Achievement: Development of automatic picture and video understanding technology which got awarded by Lockheed martin - India Innovation growth program.
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GOVIND
GRIDBOTS
He is the head of the Manufacturing Division in the Gridbots. And has extreme capabilities in manufacturing.
SHUBHASH CHANDRA He has the degree in Computer Engineering. He has achieved the great understanding in the analysis of the clients’ requirement, which is the power of the sales operations for Gridbots. He currently, is on the position of Head of Operations. So a seed has become the tree and still growing. A great congratulations and all the best to all of them.
-VYOM PATHAK
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THE BIG BLUE
THE BIG BLUE Who hosts more than 30% of the top websites than anyone in the world? Whose cloud powers 27000 more websites than Amazon?? And the answer is IBM cloud. Ok, lets go straight to the point here I am not going to write about IBM cloud. This is just an example of the company which completes its 100 years on 2011 and still giving their services as its best. Company’s roots are 100 years old. Let’s go back to 1911, The company was founded in 1911 as the Computing Tabulating Recording Company (CTR) through a merger of three companies:
•The Tabulating Machine Company •The International Time Recording Company and •The Computing Scale Company CTR adopted the name International Business Machines (IBM) in 1924, using a name previously designated to CTR’s subsidiary in Canada and later in South America. Securities analysts gave the nickname to IBM as Big Blue. There were many theories about IBM’s nick name BIG BLUE: 1st theory suggests that Big Blue refers the logo of IBM. A second theory suggests that Big Blue refers to a former company dress code that required many IBM employees to wear only white shirts and many wore blue suits. In any event, IBM keyboards, typewriters, and some other manufactured devices have played on the “Big Blue” concept, using the colour for enter keys and carriage returns. IBM has also used blue logos since 1947. The another theory suggest that this nickname IBM Big Blue is recognized because of its common use of blue in products, packaging, etc. WWW.CYBOINSECT..COM
THE BIG BLUE
THE GLOBAL LOGO
CURRENT 8-BAR LOGO USED SCINCE 1972 The company used the globe logo until 1947. The current 8-bar logo of IBM was designed by Paul Rand in 1972. It was a general replacement for a 13-bar logo that first appeared in public on the 1966 release of the TSS/360. The company wrote the IBM initials using individual atoms in 1990, as a demonstration of using a scanning tunnelling microscope to move atoms! Fortune ranked (In 2012) IBM as 2nd no. for Largest U.S. firm in terms of number of employees 435,000 worldwide, approximately 100,000 in the U.S, the No. 4 largest in terms of market capitalization, the most profitable at 9th position. No. 1 Company for leaders, No. 5 most admired company, News Week ranked IBM at 1st no. Green company worldwide, No. 2 best global brand (Interbrand), Barron’s ranked IBM at 2nd position of most respected company. Working at IBM is the best experience for its employees ever. Thomas J Watson sr. understood the importance of employees better. He created employees’ sports team. IBM was the first corporations to provide group WWW.CYBOINSECT..COM
THE BIG BLUE
life insurance, survivor benefits and paid vacations. In 1932 IBM created an Education Department to oversee training for employees. In 1952, Thomas J. Watson, Jr., published the company’s first written equal opportunity policy letter, one year before the U.S. Supreme Court decision in Brown vs. Board of Education and 11 years before the Civil Rights Act of 1964. In 1961, IBM’s non-discrimination policy was expanded to include sex, national origin, and age.
IBM’s TIME LINE: IBM company live constant 60 Golden years as world leader, Mainframe company of business market. Charles Flint, C.E.O of Computing Tabulating Recording (CTR) turned for the help to Thomas J Watson, Sr.(the former no 2 executive at National cash register). CTR was incorporated on June 16, 1911 in Endicott, New York, U.S.A. Watson become General Manager of CTR in 1914 and after a year he become the president of CTR. Thomson give the mantra ‘THINK’ to company. Even IBM’s magazine named as THINK. IBM made clocks and other time recording products for 70 years. In 1958 sale of the IBM Time Equipment Division to Simplex Time Recorder Company, IBM manufactured and sold such equipment as dial recorders, job recorders, recording door locks, time stamps and traffic recorders. In 1920, the company produce the first complete school time control system, and launched its first printing tabulator. The company introduced the first electric keypunch in 1923.IBM introduced the 80-column Punched card in 1928, which doubled its information capacity. It was also known as ‘IBM Card’. In 1930 IBM met with unpredicted economical challenge. That time Watson, Sr. handled the situation. He hired new employees instead of reduced staff. His idea of hiring new staff got succeed. The role of IBM at the time of World War II was complex. IBM helped America financially and helped about Atomic Bomb. And the other side Nazi made extensive use of subsidiary, Which IBM gave Germany. Edwin Black author of the book ‘IBM and the Holocaust’claimed about the deal of IBM with Adolf Hitler during WWW.CYBOINSECT..COM
THE BIG BLUE
olf Hitler during 1930s and the years of World War II. In this book Black gives information about the way in which IBM’s technology helped facilitate Nazi through generation and tabulation of punch cards. Thomas J Watson, Jr., foresaw the role computers would play in business, and in less than twenty years he led IBM’s transformation from a medium-sized maker of tabulating equipment and typewriters into a corporate giant that was the world’s leading computer company. IBM produced approximately 70% of all computers in 1964. Watson, Jr. was like his father for IBM as CEO. He handled IBM greatly. This way IBM lived golden year’s 1914-Joining of Watson, Sr. to 1971- the time of Watson, Jr. retired. After 1971 IBM saw it’s up and down in the market.1990-2002 was IBM’s down side.And then 2002 was the re-birth of IBM for its innovation (IBM’s headquarters complex is located in Armonk, Town of North Castle, New York, United States The 283,000-square-foot (26,300 m2) IBM building has three levels of custom curtain wall). Steve jobs said that Apple is doing innovative things. It is not like IBM. But, the fact is as of 2013, IBM has held the record for most Patent generated by a company for 20 consecutive years. IBM has 12 research laboratories Worldwide, Including India. Standing in front of ATM Machine I’ve never thought that this is the IBM’s innovation. Company spends its 6% revenue ($6.3 Billion) in Research and Development. Another Famous innovation are floppy disk, Hard disk drive, Electronic Key punch, Magnetic strip card, Virtual Machine, Scanning tunnelling Microscope, Reduced instruction set computing, Relational Database, Universal Product code (UPC), SABRE airline reservation system, Dynamic Random Access Memory (DRAM) and Watson Artificial Intelligence. Watson is an artificially intelligent computer system capable of answering questions posed in natural language, developed in IBM’s DeepQA WWW.CYBOINSECT..COM
THE BIG BLUE
project by a research team led by principal investigator David Ferrucci. Watson was named after IBM’s Thomas J. Watson The computer system was specifically developed to answer questions on the quiz show Jeopardy! In 2011, Watson competed on Jeopardy against former winners Brad Rutter and Ken Jennings. Watson received the first prize of $1 million. Watson had access to 200 million pages of structured and unstructured content consuming four terabytes of disk storage including the full text of Wikipedia. Watson is very interesting topic for current innovations. We’ll talk other day about it! Now a days IBM is leading the market with Watson and IBM cloud.
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PLAY STATION CLOUD COMPUTING-an amazing technology technology that enabled the users to access the server account from any system. The cloud engineers have moved a step a further by introducing . Cloud engineering is spreading its wings in all the possible areas with the increasing adoption of smartphones and tablets that use 3G & 4G network connection provided by various companies. Big companies moved towards smart phones and tablets, that changed the market face in the industry of communication with the help of cloud computing. Now, changing their focus from social networking to gaming zone, ‘cloud gaming’ is trying to swim through the ‘chatting human race’.
a limited beta in the US this month. A global roll-out is expected in the summer. The PlayStation 4 may not be the most important part of Sony’s gaming strategy anymore. At CES 2014, Sony has just announced PlayStation .Now, a service that will bring streaming PlayStation games not only to PS4, but also PS3, PlayStation Vita, and even televisions, tablets, and smartphones. Sony Computer Entertainment chief Andrew House revealed the new initiative onstage at the Consumer Electronics Show in Las Vegas. It’s the company’s public-facing brand for Gaikai, the cloud gaming technology it purchased in June of 2012, which the company previously said would bring PS3 games to the PlayStation 4 and PlayStation Vita later this year. Sony says the technology is already working here at CES, with attendees able to try critically acclaimed action title The Last of Us here in Vegas.
One of a major companies that has already began using Cloud Gaming is Sony. Sony has announced a new cloud-based gaming service, which will bring classic PlayStation titles to a range of gadgets, from tablets The full service will let users rent and computers to televisions. Play- games or pay for a subscription that Station Now is launching with a will let them “explore a range of tiWWW.CYBOINSECT..COM
PLAY STATION
tles.” Sony will launch a closed beta in the United States at the end of the month, and plans to roll out the service more broadly by the end of this summer. In addition to new cameras, smartphones and 4K televisions, Sony plans to deliver two new services this year. PlayStation Now, due this summer, is a streaming game service that will the Sony’s library of PlayStation games from the cloud to both users of its game console and non-Sony customers. The company also announced a cloudbased Tv service, to be tested in the U.S. later this year, that will offer live TV and TV shows and movies on . Users will also be able to set up personalized channels. A new small 4-K projector, called teh Ultra Short Throw Projector, will allow users to can turn any surface into a display or touchscreen. It will be available this summer. WWW.CYBOINSECT..COM
Sony Computer Entertainment chief Andrew House revealed the new initiative onstage at the Consumer Electronics Show in Las Vegas. “Playing your favorite PS3 game on your television will become a reality,” he told audience members. The service is set to feature classic games from the three previous Sony consoles, all of which will be stored on cloud-based servers and streamed live to devices via the internet. PlayStation 4, the handheld PS Vita console, and other computers, tablets and smartphones will be able to access the service, as well Sony’s latest Bravia TV sets. It seems customers will either be able to pay for individual titles or take out a monthly subscription for unlimited access to the whole catalogue. No pricing details have yet been announced. Gaikai works on practically any device even smart phones because
PLAY STATION
the games don’t actually run locally at all. Cloud gaming services work more like a YouTube video, where powerful servers in remote data centers actually run the games, and stream compressed video frames of that game running to your local devices. They send the input from your touchscreen or game controller to the cloud. It doesn’t necessarily require an extremely fast internet connection, but it does require one with very low latency, so that the time between you pressing a button, and the time you see the reaction, is as short as possible.
and compression techniques to cut the lag usually experienced when high-quality interactive content is streamed across the internet. Tech site The Verge tested the service at CES and found “a slightly perceptible lag” while playing titles such as God of War and The Last of Us on a Bravia television, but was otherwise impressed. After launch, the extent of this lag will depend on each user’s broadband speed; for cheap access to hundreds of titles, consumers may be prepared to put up with a slightly compromised performance. Originally, Gaikai only streamed PC games to the web and to televisions, The technology behind PlaySta- racking up deals with Samsung and tion Now, which streams games fast LG to bring games like The Witchenough for seamless real-time play, er 2 to their devices, but when Sony comes from specialist cloud tech- nabbed the technology it apparentnology firm Gaikai. Formed in 2008, ly figured out a way to have those the company uses advanced servers servers emulate legacy PlayStation WWW.CYBOINSECT..COM
PLAY STATION
3 titles as well. We haven’t yet heard how, but it’s one way to run PS3 games on PS4. Right now, games from previous PlayStation systems don’t work if you stick them in the PS4’s disc drive.
perior technology to that other technology,” VHS won the battle for commercial success. But he says the tagline for betamax was prescient: “Watch whatever whenever.” Sony says that the PlayStation Now service will first roll out on PlayStation In addition to games, Sony also an- 4 and PlayStation 3, followed by the nounced a cloud service aimed at PlayStation Vita handheld, and that television, which will offer live TV, “most 2014 US models” of Sony’s video on demand, and even DVR Bravia TVs will support PlayStation recording functionality. PlayStation Now. The service will stream full Now will not be the first cloud-based games, acccording to the company, gaming service. On Live launched and save your games in the cloud. in 2010 and now offers over 200 ti- You’ll be able to rent titles or pay tles via a subscription-based model. for a subscription service. However, the company has strugEuropean rollout may take a while, gled to attract major Triple A titles and remains a niche proposition. though. Sony writes that it is “not Sony, of course, has a vast library quite ready to confirm launch plans of major releases and the sheer fi- for PAL territories” yet. The companancial clout to build a global server ny also announced that it would also be streaming TV content to various network. A screen now devoted to the Betamax. Though it was first to devices, but revealed few details.As market and “dare I say offering su- for PlayStation 4, House confirmed WWW.CYBOINSECT..COM
PLAY STATION
that the new console, released last November, has now sold 4.2m units. “When it comes to broadband provision, Europe is a considerably more complex region, with a huge number of different providers and varying connection speeds from country to country. In short, we need a little more time to ensure a smooth and successful roll-out.�
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GRAPHENE CHIP
THAT IS 10,000 TIMES FASTER, USING CMOS PROCESS The Graphene Chip which is the line) processes, where as the presmost advance chip of the world. This ent components (the transistor and Graphene based Chip has the perfor- its graphene channel) are built on mance 10,000 times better than the the wafer first, and then the rest of previous grapheme ICs. The main the passive. part of this chip is depositing the graphene on the chip without any damage to it. The main thing which the Engineers oftheIBMResearchhasbuiltisaSilicon chip, on a standard 200mm silicon wafer, using a standard CMOS fabrication process. This chip holds the radio frequency receiver, just as a normal chip having resistors, capacitors, and transistor except for one bit – the transistor channels are made of graphene. The function of this chip is very rudimentary as it receives and restores wireless signals in the 4.3GHz range. The previous GFETs(graphene field-effect transistors) was built using standard BEOL(back end of line) processes, where as the present WWW.CYBOINSECT..COM
GRAPHENE CHIP
A Wafer of Graphene chips, tested at IBM Research As shown in the picture, a copper portant bandgap that is required for foil is placed in a furnace at 1,050C the fabrication of digital logic, and (1,922F) with an atmosphere of thus graphene-based computer promethane, as a result a single layer of cessors. For the next-gen IBM is graphene gets deposited on the foil. looking for carbon nanotube, which Than the copper is dissolved away can have a band gap, over graphene. in a bath, leaving a layer of graphene floating. The silicon wafer, with all There are plenty of radio and optithe passive components already in cal applications that could benefit:place, is then used to “scoop up” the graphene is capable of operating graphene layer out of the bath (the at frequencies as high as 500GHz, graphene is also transparent).This which is beyond any other materiis currently the easiest way to grow al currently used in radio frequency large amount of graphene but ac- application. cording to the engineers of IBM the quality of graphene grown in this way is not great, and that having to destroy the copper substrate is expensive and inefficient. IBM Research has still not found a way of giving graphene the all imWWW.CYBOINSECT..COM
FOUNDER & CEO HARSH SHAH CO FOUNDER
TANMAY RAVAL
MD
VARUN VYAS
EDITORS
KRUPALI RANA PRIYANKA BHATIA
WRITERS
KETUL SHAH PAYAL RADADIYA
DESIGNER
NAMRA ZAVERI
FRONT COVER DESIGNER
HARSH PATEL
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