COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS REPORT DRAFT

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COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS REPORT

MENARA DEWAN BAHASA & STADIUM MERDEKA ARCHITECTURE HISTORY & THEORY (ARC60804)


FOO SWEE CHOO

0339784

YIM XIN YEE

0338777

CHONG ZI XUAN

0345797

KOH XIAO XI

0345012

GRACE FOO QIAN WEI

0340395

CHEW XUE ER

0340905

CYNDHIA CHONG XIA XIN

0344825

TEE YI ERN

0346348


MENARA DEWAN BAHASA STNETNOC

• • • • • • •

History Fast Facts Architecture Style Architecture Layout Organizational Analysis Architectural Elements Building Analysis

STADIUM MERDEKA • • • • • • •

History Fast Facts Architecture Style Architecture Layout Organizational Analysis Architectural Elements Building Analysis


MENARA DEWAN BAHASA DAN

PUSTAKA

Dewan Bahasa Dan Pustaka (DBP) is the government body responsible for coordinating the use of malay language & literature in malaysia. In 1957, DBP moved from Johor Bahru to Kuala Lumpur and moved to its own building on 31st january 1962.

LOCATION

Motto : “Bahasa jiwa bangsa”. Mission : Increase the use of bahasa melayu language. Philosophy : Nation-building through bahasa melayu language

ZOOMED IN MAP OF KUALA LUMPUR, MALAYSIA

ARCHITECT DATO’ LEE YOON THIM (1905-1977) Malaysian Chinese architect active in Kuala Lumpur in the 1950s and 1960s. Style : Middle Eastern, Islamic


HISTORICAL TIMELINE

1957

Through the Ordinan Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka 1959, DPB upgraded to a statutory body

DBP moved from Johor Bahru to old hospital ward in Kuala Lumpur

1959

1960

DBP moved to its own building at Jalan Lapangan Terbang Lama on 31 January

The building was finalized by Dato’ Lee Yoon Thim

1962

1997

DBP moved from Johor Bahru to old hospital ward in Kuala Lumpur

Construction of DBP’s new building started

2002

2003

Building was fully furnished and used as DBP office up to today

Renovation of existing building to conserve the historical features

2014


ARCHITECTURAL STYLE

POST-MERDEKA MODERNISM

picture 1.1 DEWAN BAHASA & PUSTAKA IN 1962

Heavily dependent on local influences and more in line with local identity Main characteristics of modernism architecture : simplicity clarity DBP focuses on architecture elements rather than decoration which encourages the building to be clean & simple, giving it a modern & minimalist look

Consists of Malay architectural style using Malay ornaments to show Malay literature & symmetrical balance

picture 1.2 DEWAN BAHASA & PUSTAKA IN 2002


ARCHITECTURAL LAYOUT

S T O R I E S

H I G H

CIRCULATION TO USE SPACE

3 7

FLOOR PLAN


ARCHITECTURAL ELEMENTS

ROOF GABLE ROOF Two roof sections sloping in opposite direction and placed such that the highest, horizontal edges form the roof ridge One of the malay architectural elements

BUTTERFLY ROOF V-shaped roof constructed of two tandem pieces which are angle up towards the edge Resembles a butterfly’s wings and an open book

WINDOW BAY WINDOW Admit more light than would a window flush with the wall line

TWIN CASEMENT WINDOW Offer more per opening and also allow fresh air inside Windows creates a strong linear pattern


CARVINGS

FLOOR

An important element of Malay architecture society. As a modern building, Menara Dewan Bahasa incorporates traditional Malay’s carvings which fits its characteristics as a cultural center in Malaysia.

PLASTER CARVINGS Used on the exterior of the buildings Floral motives carved on the facade of the gable roof and on top of the windows

WOOD CARVINGS Used on the interior of the buildings Carvings with floral elements are the most widely used in traditional Malay buildings Used extensively in decorating the windows, railings, partitions and wall panels of Malay buildings

Floor tiles in the lobby has a palm tree pattern designed according the logo of DBP Use the different element on the floor to attract the attentions of visitors

COLUMNS Served as a decorative purpose at the main entrance and also a beam to support the roof of DBP.


ORGANIZATIONAL ANALYSIS

SYMMETRY & BALANCE

From the overall externals of the building and layout of floor plan, Dewan Bahasa Dan Pustaka had created symmetry and balance.

GEOMETRY

Geometrical shapes in building of Dewan Bahasa Dan Pustaka. It consists of a triangle which represent an opened book and variety of the squares of the tower’s body and interior as well.

HIERARCHY DBP's building has different sizes and articulation, showing the degree of importance which reflects functional, formal and symbolic roles in organization. Different height & form emphasized the organization of the office tower and administrative building.


CONSTRUCTION AND MATERIAL ANALYSIS

REINFORCED CONCRETE

Used for protection and to support the building

GLAZED MOSAIC TILES

ALUMINIUM HOLLOW BAR

Auditorium wall was finished with glazed mosaic tiles inspired by Picasso

Glass window frames made of aluminium hollow bars allows light penetration and heat insulation

LIGHT WEIGHT CONCRETE

Increase thermal protection and improves fire resistance


ARCHITECT Stanley Edward Jewkes

STADIUM MERDEKA

Stadium Merdeka is a stadium in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. It has significance as the site of the formal declaration of independence of the Federation of Malaya on 31 August 1957 and the first modern building of the new nation. The stadium is also the site of the proclamation of Malaysia in 16 September 1963.

LOCATION

FUNCTIONS Sporting events eg. football, hockey, etc

Stadium Merdeka hosted major concerts in Malaysia ZOOMED IN MAP OF KUALA LUMPUR, MALAYSIA

An American architect as well as an engineer. A key figure in Southeast Asian post-independence architecture. Famous works: Stadium Negara Stadium Merdeka Merdeka Park

(1913-2011)


HISTORICAL TIMELINE

1956

Construction began on 25th September

Construction completed (21st August) Became the site of Independent Ceremony of Malaya (31st August)

1957

2003

In February, Stadium Merdeka was named a national heritage building

Merdeka Stadium underwent restoration as part of Malaysia's 50th-anniversary plans

2007

2009

restoration was completed by December


ARCHITECTURAL STYLE

MODERNISM

BRUTALISM

INTERNATIONAL

Stanley Edward Jewkes applied the modernism principles and characteristic such as lack of ornaments.

Influenced by the Brutalism Style which consists the ‘blocky’ appearance with a rigid geometry and large-scale use of concrete.

Used of rectilinear form, open interior space and also a visually weightless quality engendered by using the cantilever construction.


ARCHITECTURAL LAYOUT


STAIRS ARCHITECTURAL ELEMENTS

DOOR

Due to the structural layout of the stadium with seatings of different height, staircases are very important.

HALF LANDING STAIRCASE

TIMBER BIFOLD DOOR Used as the entrance to foyer Transparent which allows natural light in and to view the outside from within and vice versa

Located within the foyer Tile finishers improves the appearance of stairs

STRAIGHT CONCRETE STAIRCASE

WITH MOSAIC TILES FINISHER

HALF LANDING CONCRETE STAIRCASE

TIMBER FLUSH DOOR Used as entrance to the surau and exclusive rooms for previous prime ministers Opaque which gives a sense of privacy and security for the space

WITH BRICK FINISHER

WITH NET PATTERN ON STEPS

Improve appearance Increase friction to prevent users from slipping on rainy days due to its rough texture and parallel lines


ROOF

FENCE & GATE

Unlike other buildings, the roof of Stadium Merdeka only covers a small area which functions to shade audience from sunlight and rain.

STEEL WELD MESH FENCE

CONCRETE CANTILEVERED SHELL ROOF Located at the west of stadium above the foyer and stage Supported by columns which provides shade for part of stadium One of the malay architectural elements

Important in an open stadium to separate spaces

STEEL RAILING Act as protective barriers to prevent people from falling off the edge of the stage and stairway

STRIPED TARPAULIN ROOF Provides shade for the top floor of foyer Efficient in terms of cost of construction

STEEL WELD MESH SWING GATE Function as barriers to prevent trespassers from entering


ORGANIZATIONAL ANALYSIS

HIERARCHY

RHYTHM & REPETITION

Most dominant space in the stadium is the football and tracking field which is the major focus and attention of a stadium. Seating area arranged in an obvious hierarchy from the lowest level to the top level of the building.

Repeating the element on the cover, forms the basic structural model A series of supporting structure are built in between each semi circular arch

SYMMETRY & BALANCE

Primary Space Secondary Space

The type of symmetry is bilateral symmetry in which the opposite sides are similar or equivalent elements of a median axis


CONSTRUCTION ANALYSIS

MASSIVE SCAFFOLDING

CANTILEVER

MATERIAL ANALYSIS

CONCRETE

Uses reinforced concrete structure. Scaffolding is used to elevate and support the workers and materials to construct the curving roof above the main entrance.

Stadium Merdeka constructed a cantilevered concrete shell roof which is a rigid structure that extends horizontally and is only supported at one end.

CONCRETE STAIRCASE with groove lines to drain off rainwater and provide grip to prevent slipping.

TIMBER TIMBER has low heat conductivity, relative high strength and small bulk density.

CONCRETE PAVER can absorb water to limit surface runoff and soil erosion.

Hence, Stadium Merdeka replaced it with plastic seats to withstand the sunlight and rain.


NOSIRAPMOC

ARCHITECTURAL STYLE ANALYSIS “Post-Merdeka” Modernism

ORGANIZATIONAL ANALYSIS Symmetry & balance Hierarchy Geometry

MATERIAL ANALYSIS Lightweight concrete Aluminium Glazed glass panel

ARCHITECTURAL STYLE ANALYSIS “Post-Merdeka” Modernism Brutalism International

ORGANIZATIONAL ANALYSIS Symmetry & balance Rhythm & repetition Hierarchy

MATERIAL ANALYSIS Concrete Timber




CONCLUSION

By completing the analysis and research, we have a deeper understanding of the characteristics, principles, forming and architecture style of both of the buildings. Throughout the comparison between Menara Dewan Bahasa and Stadium Merdeka, we are also able to know the transformation of the architecture after ‘Merdeka’ which clearly reflect the phenomena that Malaysia is rapid development in different field after the independence. Besides, in the view of the fact that both of the building are very representative modernism style architecture in Malaysia. Our understanding of Modernism towards the architecture in Malaysia had deepened substantially.


REFERENCES LOGO OF DEWAN BAHASA DAN PUSTAKA (2019): HTTP://LAMANWEB.DBP.GOV.MY/INDEX.PHP/PAGES/VIEW/10?MID=26 STADIUM MERDEKA: HTTPS://EN.WIKIPEDIA.ORG/WIKI/STADIUM_MERDEKA ESMAWEE HAJI ENDUT (1993) TRADITIONAL MALAYSIAN BUILT FORMS -VOLUME I & II: HTTP://ETHESES.WHITEROSE.AC.UK/14839/1/389486_VOL1.PDFHTTP://ETHESES.WHITEROSE.AC.UK/14839/2/389486_VOL2.PDF SLIDESHARE.NET (2019) CNH2: HTTPS://WWW.SLIDESHARE.NET/PEIDI/CNH-2 LEE YOON THIM: HTTPS://WWW.SPECTROOM.COM/1021802232-LEE-YOON-THIM GUARDIAN OF MALAY LANGUAGE (2006): HTTPS://WWW.THESTAR.COM.MY/OPINION/LETTERS/2006/06/25/GUARDIAN-OF-MALAY-LANGUAGE THE ROLE OF MODERNIST ARCHITECTURE IN MALAYSIA AFTER MERDEKA (2017): HTTPS://WWW.THESTAR.COM.MY/LIFESTYLE/CULTURE/2017/07/22/MODERNISTARCHITECTURE-AFTER-MERDEKA AN INFLUENCE OF COLONIAL ARCHITECT TO BUILDING STYLES AND MOTIFS IN COLONIAL CITIES IN MALAYSIA (2005): HTTPS://WWW.MALAYSIADESIGNARCHIVE.ORG/AN-INFLUENCE-OF-COLONIAL-ARCHITECTURE-TO-BUILDING-STYLES-AND-MOTIFS-IN-COLONIAL-CITIES-INMALAYSIA/ FACEBOOK OF DEWAN BAHASA DAN PUSTAKA:HTTPS://WWW.FACEBOOK.COM/DBPMALAYSIA/PHOTOS/?REF=PAGE_INTERNAL


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