Example Of An Illustrative Essay

Illustration As An Illustration

It's very difficult to give a precise definition to the term " illustration " . Some people think of the illustrated manuals from Ikea , while someone else thinks about the illustrated children's book by Chris Haughton.

Illustration is a unique art form that is not defined by the media , but by its context. Illustrations bring life into concepts and stories. Whether they are created digitally or manually , illustrations can be both a masterful work of art as a practical, business apply.

Images and illustrations are all around us. The most obvious images are book covers , t–shirts , and so on but in addition , you also have the more subtle artworks as decorative items and lighting....show more content... This type of illustrator creates illustrations for magazines and newspapers. These illustrations are often briefed by an art director . Usually these contracts have also a very short deadline, maybe even several days because magazines and newspapers often appear weekly or monthly. The size can vary from a few small doodles to a greatillustration spread across a double page .

2.Publishing

Book publishing – in any form or medium whatsoever – is a major source of income for illustrators. The main categories are : fiction, non –fiction, educational children's books , comic books and graphic novels and finally youth literature. For these types of assignments illustrators usually get a longer period to come to a final product.

3.Design & Advertising

Images for design & advertising are usually commissioned through an agency on behalf of an end client.

1.What is illustration?

2.Where do Illustrators work?

Corporate clients may require images for a whole range of contexts that need to perform varied functions across print and digital platforms. This can include logo's, website's, brochures, newsletters, direct mail to potential customers, annuel reports and in –house promotional material such as cards, posters and Get

Reflective Essay About Courage

Class of 2017, the finishing line is finally in sight. It's been a long, and for some, an arduous journey, chopped full with highs and lows, but in the blink of an eye, we will walk outside these familiar school gates for the last time. As we look eagerly ahead to the future, it's also essential we take the time to reflect over the past five years. Throughout the years, we've studied numerous topics, ranging from the world religions to how long a light year is, and unfortunately, algebra. As valuable as those topics may be for some, I definitely know I won't be employing algebra into my life beyond high school, yet, the content studied in Senior English, on the other hand, will stick with me as I progress forward, acting as a source of guidance. With films like What's Eating Gilbert Grape, and texts likeTo Kill a Mockingbirdand The Happiest Refugee, we've been subjected to messages of showing courage, overcoming adversity, and the importance of When thinking of an act of courage, most people probably think of a firefighter saving someone from a burning building, or soldiers risking their lives to defend their country. Although those deeds are certainly courageous, courage isn't always about the saving the day. Sometimes courage can be something that doesn't seemingly feel the typical criteria of courage. Lasse HallstrГ¶m's 1993 coming–of–age film, What's Eating Gilbert Grape, offers us the opportunity to witness the act of courage firsthand. Bonnie Grape, mother of the Get more content

Surrealism

Surrealism was one of the most influential artistic movements of the 20th Century. AndrГ© Breton consolidated Surrealism as a movement in the early 1920s, trying to achieve the "total liberation of the mind and of all that resembles it[1]" through innovative and varied ideas. Surrealism deeply influenced the world in the era between the two world wars and played a big role in the diffusion and adoption of psychology worldwide. Surrealism faded after World War II, but its revolutionary genius has influenced every artistic movement ever since.

It is hard to define and give shape to Surrealism. Surrealism and abstract art have similar origins, "but they diverge on their interpretation of what those origins mean to the...show more content...

Nonetheless, one cannot truly comprehend Surrealism without delving further into the Surrealist Movement itself.

AndrГ© Breton ran the Surrealist Movement with impressive discipline and rigidity, making an interesting contrast between what the Surrealists preached and the management style of its leader. An interesting story, for example, tells how Salvador DalГ, one of the most prominent members of the Surrealist movement, attended a New York costume party dressed up as Charles Lindbergh's son, who had been recently kidnapped and murdered. New York's society did not take the statement well and eventually made DalГapologize for his behavior. Breton, however, almost dismissed him from Movement because he claimed that "no one should excuse himself for a Surrealist act[6]." This anecdote demonstrates the seriousness of Breton and his Movement towards its final objective: revolution and the slashing of society's conventions in the interest of a subconscious reality.

At the beginning, the Surrealist Movement had political ties to the Communist party and was determined to make a revolution. With time, however, the group dropped its direct ties to communism and concentrated in spreading their own doctrine. The Surrealist Movement

So, let 's suppose that you have done some brainstorming to develop your thesis. What else should you keep in mind as you begin to create paragraphs? Every paragraph in a paper should be

Unified–All of the sentences in a single paragraph should be related to a single controlling idea (often expressed in the topic sentence of the paragraph).

Clearly related to the thesis–The sentences should all refer to the central idea, or thesis, of the paper (Rosen and Behrens 119). Coherent–The sentences should be arranged in a logical manner and should follow a definite plan for development (Rosen and Behrens 119). Well–developed–Every idea discussed in the paragraph should be adequately explained and supported through evidence and details...show more content...

Step 4. Explain the example(s)

The next movement in paragraph development is an explanation of each example and its relevance to the topic sentence and rationale that were stated at the beginning of the paragraph. This explanation shows readers why you chose to use this/or these particular examples as evidence to support the major claim, or focus, in your paragraph.

Continue the pattern of giving examples and explaining them until all points/examples that the writer deems necessary have been made and explained. NONE of your examples should be left unexplained. You might be able to explain the relationship between the example and the topic sentence in the same sentence which introduced the example. More often, however, you will need to explain that relationship in a separate sentence. Look at these explanations for the two examples in the slave spirituals paragraph:

Model explanation for example A– When slaves sang this song, they could have been speaking of their departure from this life and their arrival in heaven; however, they also could have been describing their plans to leave the South and run, not to Jesus, but to the North.

Model explanation for example B–[The relationship between example B and the main idea of the paragraph 's controlling idea is clear enough

Intrinsic motivation

Young children are compelled to learn because of their natural curiosity in life. Older children seem to need a push in the direction to learn. This describes the two types of motivation. Intrinsic motivation describes the young child. It is motivation from within and the desire someone feels to complete a task, including natural curiosity. Intrinsic motivation is anything we do to motivate ourselves without rewards from an outside source. "In relation to learning, one is compelled to learn by a motive to understand, originating from their own curiosity" (Rehmke–Ribary, 2003 p.intrinsic).

There are different things a teacher can do to trigger this type of motivation in students. "Some examples of...show more content... Grades are probably the most positive example of extrinsic motivation. Many students are driven by grades for higher education and future jobs. When rewards such as candy and toys are used to gain student motivation it can be considered bribery.

Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs

At the basis of motivation there are many factors that may not been seen right away. One must take a look at physiological reasons for motivation. How do we get students to their fullest potential? Abraham Maslow introduced the concept of self–actualization. This is the idea that we use our abilities to our fullest potential. If we can convince our students that they are capable of fulfilling their goals then they are on their way to self–efficacy. (Elliot, 2000 p.335). Self–actualization is the highest goal to reach in motivation. It is placed at the top of Maslow's pyramid called the hierarchy of needs. This pyramid includes five needs that must be met before self–actualization can develop. The idea of Maslow's hierarchy of needs is that if basic needs are not met, motivation cannot occur. The first need is physiological needs. These are things such as hunger and sleep. If these needs are not met, a student's motivation is dominantly focused on these things. The next need up on the pyramid is safety needs. These needs

Motivation in the Classroom

Students want and need work that enables them to demonstrate and improve their sense of themselves as competent and successful human beings. This is the drive toward mastery. But success, while highly valued in our society, can be more or less motivational. People who arehighly creative, for example, actually experience failure far more often than success. Biehler (p. 225) claims that studies show that when CAI used in conjunction with a teacher's lessons, is particularly beneficial for low–achieving and young students.

Before we can use success to motivate our students to produce high–quality work, we must meet three conditions:

1. We must clearly articulate the criteria for success and...show more content...

"But what of the criteria for success?" Teachers define success in many ways. We must not only broaden our definition, but also make sure the definition is clear to everyone. In this way, students will know when they have done a good job, and they will know how to improve their work.

To achieve this clarity, we can present examples of work that illustrate high, average, and low levels of achievement. Such exemplars can significantly motivate students, as well as increase their understanding of their own ability to achieve.

It has been pointed out that students who are bored by school and "unmotivated" in the eyes of the teacher nevertheless find plenty of motivation for playing a sport. The obvious question, then, is what is motivating about a sport? Think about a group of young people in a baseball game. The very things that motivate them to work hard and do well playing baseball can be adapted to the classroom. Let's look at them:

1. Teamwork. Humans are gregarious and like being around each other. Young people and adults usually like working as a team. Yet often the learning activities we assign call for individual effort. Young people especially complain that they don't like doing homework alone, yet we often insist that it be done that way. By designing more team assignments, we can exploit the benefits of teamwork, where the weaker

Successful organizations have strong leaders and managers that develop, support and encourage employee longevity within a company. There is a significant difference between leadership and management however both skills have to be used collectively and both are important to a profitable organization. Leadership is a notion of communicating an organization's vision, whereas management is more of the implementation of the organization's vision. The manager typically carries out the responsibilities written by the organization and has a good team underneath them to carry out the duties and meet the goals. Most companies have a mission statement that mirrors and supports a company's vision. When referring leadership and management, the two...show more content...

According to Hersey and Blanchard (1998), there are three areas required for effective leadership. Technical skills, which includes clinical expertise and knowledge as it pertains to nursing. Secondly, human skills, which is the ability and judgment to work with people in leadership roles. And lastly, conceptual skills which is the ability to understand the complexities of overall organization and figure out how and where one's own strengths of management fits into the overall organization (Cherry, Jacob 2011). Leadership is unique compared to any other role because of its responsibility for people. Good leaders are followed merely because they have gained people's trust and respect.

Management: Management involves the tactical aspect of day to day functions and who keeps control of the work environment to make sure the organization is moving forward and in the same direction of the company's vision. Managers are faced with many responsibilities each day, one of which is managing people. The goal of a successful manager is to achieve the highest productivity of the organization by way of the people he/she manages. A manager is more of a problem solver and takes care of work areas relating to people management, time management, decision making etc.

According to Lewin (1951) and White & Lippit (1960), there are three prevalent management behavior styles: Authoritarian, democratic and laissez–fare (Cherry,

Ground Zero Illustrative Language

The reading is covered by the author's senses that makes I feel like a junction to what was happening. There is a difference in Ground Zero between television images and experiences in real. The Ground Zero just showed a devastation: the whole–collapsed buildings, the rushing police, the running officers, and the plume of black smoke. Those images made viewers frightened and obsessed although they just showed the disaster area partly. In Ground Zero, readers can feel as Berne did by imagery and illustrative language. Her sharing experiences makes them have a visualization what happened on that day. Different from seeing Ground Zero on television, those observing directly not only deeply feel the miserable tragedy but also can image the pain

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Cooking has been my passion since I was a very small child. I remember being too small to really be in the kitchen, around five or so and looking into the kitchen from the doorway and looking out at all of the hustle and bustle, my mother and Yaya happily shouting orders in rapid Greek to the other women who were my aunts and other cousins. I watched them work together to create my favorite things in my small world. This kitchen in this cozy house on a hill was our heartbeat as a family. It was our safe haven. I didn't realize it then, but few things will ever mean as much to me as creating food in that kitchen.

I remember watching as sticky sweet syrup was poured over layers of crisp phyllo that I knew would we the best thing I would...show more content...

I learned patience, and nothing is harder to kids than waiting to eat cake. I leaned the hash feeling of failure and the incredible feeling of victory that creating gives you. I also learned responsibility that chores can provide. I am so grateful for the lesson my mother and Yaya taught me every day.

But out every early sweet or savory dish, I have ever loved Souvlaki or kabobs the best. They were my version of chicken nuggets. I ate them directly for the stick it was on, in a pita, or next to French fries. I loved them and that is what this book is devoted to. I believe that there is a kabob for everyone and certainly I have never found one that I didn't like. This book will be filled with great kabob recipes and sauces as well as other delicious sides to complete your meal in a stunningly delicious fashion.

I want to share with your some of that warm and fuzzy feeling, some of those lessons, and a bit of the happiness that defined my childhood and life as a whole. With these recipes, you will be transported to my kitchen. Welcome, It's Great to See You!

A Brief History of the Kabob

The phrase kebab means "skewered meat" in Greek, however, the more common name for kabob is Souvlaki, meaning skewers. For simplicity's sake, I will be referring to them as kabobs in this book. This is essentially the only rule for which Kabobs are held to, they should be meat

Writing is like art– it helps us to express ourselves. However, writing differs from art in that it has to follow specific parameters, such as structure, syntax, grammar, and so on. At the beginning of the quarter, I had preconceived ideas as to what "good" writing was, and how I should go about it. While working on my first assignment, I discovered that to be reasonably successful at this I had to leave behind my perceptions of writing as it is accepted in my country and to start from scratch. Throughout this portfolio, I demonstrate my development and growth as a writer. In the creation of this portfolio, I have accomplished several of the global objectives for this class. These included writing a clear thesis statement, showing...show more content...

It should give your readers the idea what are you going to write about, and, at the same time, to attract them. For example, the thesis statement of my illustrative essay "Generation Y" is short, but it is very capacious. It presents the purpose of this essay that is to illustrate my ideas about how Generation Y differs from other generations and what makes it unique. Accordingly, my arguments are related to the purpose, and coherence and unity of the paragraphs make this essay understandable to the audience that I wish to target. Nevertheless, even though my skill of organization has been vastly improved, I still need polish it. During this class I have also sharpened my critical analysis skills. Though writing has always been one of my strengths, in–class writing was a bit challenging. It's not so easy to organize your ideas within a limited period of time. So, polishing the skill of "brainstorming" has helped me a lot. Now I can formulate my ideas much better and choose the best ones. In this process it's very important to distinguish between details and trivia. I am now able to deal with more complex ideas because I have learned how to sustain a logical argument in a more organized manner. Therefore, my writing has become increasingly more concise. I've also come to understand the difference between a strong and complete statement when compared to a weak and incomplete one. For instance, my

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Illustration In Maus

By Art Spiegelman

Illustration is by far one of the best methods of expressing a story or an idea to a large–scale audience. In literature, writer uses various amounts of illustration to appeal to their audience's interests and point of view. But with Graphic Novels, readers see things the way the writer/illustrator sees them. Drawings, cartoons, and photographs can give readers the exact imaging the author wants to share with his readers. When people think of graphic novels, most likely you would think of children's books or Superhero comics. Now this may be true; but the use of graphic novels hold a lot of benefits for adults as well. They're the perfect way to share a message without any miscommunication. And let's face it, almost every adult out has a favorite genre that can be shared in a graphic novel. I for one love comics with Anti–heroes and Sci–fi /Fantasies. One famous graphic novel that shows the power of illustration is Maus by Art Spiegelman, which illustrates the darkest points of the Holocaust with a perspective of mice (Jews) being suppressed by cats (Nazis)....show more content...

I myself enjoy writing and creating characters, but one of the greatest challenges is making molding their image with words. Even if I have a perfect visual of my character in mind and very descriptive choice of words, my readers will never see my character the same way I do. I might be able to attempt adding enough description in my text too help the readers see them, but that would take pages and nobody can keep an interest in a story if it takes a whole chapter to describe a character or a scene. But, if I use graphic illustration instead, I can share my characters along with the setting of the story and every crucial detail within a portion of a page. Like they say, a picture is worth a thousand Get

Introduction

The three research methodology paradigms are quantitative research, qualitative research and mixed research. Each of these paradigms uses different methods for research and collects different types of data. A quantitative research relies primarily on the collection of quantitative data while a qualitative research relies on the collection of qualitative data. A mixed research involves mixing quantitative and qualitative methods. As the research for the study, "Mike: An IllustrativeCase Study", used a qualitative methodology, characteristics of qualitative research and how they relate to the particular study will be the focus of this review. Qualitative research methods are divided into five major types of...show more content...

There is no single way to conduct a case study and a variety of methods are often combined. For example, the study reviewed is an example of an illustrative case study. These types of case studies are used to describe or show what a situation is like. They are used to help interpret other data, especially if readers know little about the event, experience or program. Illustrative case studies help make unfamiliar things more familiar. They also must adequately represent the experience or program (Davey, 1991). The researcher in "Mike: An Illustrative Case Study", used an illustrative case study of qualitative methodology in the study. The study clearly uses some of the characteristics of a case study such as the study does not pose to prove a specific hypothesis but rather to describe a particular experience of the student referred to as Mike. The case study began with the background information which led to the experience Mike had at EBCE. The study focused on the experiences and successes Mike had during his first year at EBCE. The study reviewed had omitted Mike's second year at EBCE and then continued with the collection of various type of data. The experience of Mike was somewhat confusing to understand. The report began with a detailed description of why Mike chose to continue his education with EBCE. It

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The dictionary describes introspection as the examination or observation of one's own mental and emotional processes. Kevin Woods stated, "Introspection are all about getting to know yourself at the core, uncovering your values and then deciding for yourself what's the best action to take." Your emotions and feelings play a major role in why we do things. If we listen to our feelings then we can find more things about us that we didn't know. This could benefit us and help us appreciate more things and live but also may make us overthink some times. Karl Perera mentioned, "Introspection is good in small doses. If you are feeling very tired or have no energy and can't find a solution as things keep rolling through your mind over and over then it is time to stop." Overall, everyone connects with things differently; it is interesting to notice how you feel in certain situations.

I recently just lost a ring that was given to me a couple years ago. I was devastated and felt irresponsible. I have always wanted a Pandora Ring so this devastation led me to get one. I did a little research to figure which one I wanted on the Pandora website. My mom also had a Pandora book that I gazed though. I narrowed it down to a rose gold or a silver ring. I figured once I got into the...show more content...

The building is older and isn't what you would expect in the inside. For being a jewelry store, you would think it would be fancy and eye appealing. This place is kind of dull with an old smell. Besides those factors, they have a wide selection of wedding rings, Pandora bracelets, and rings. When I got there I was expecting to lean more towards the rose gold color, but the salesperson informed me that they tarnish quicker than the silver. He was such a great help and very friendly that he helped me decide on a totally different design of a ring. I was there for roughly 45 minutes and he was patient, calm, and helped me with all my

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Illustrative assignment

In today's world, technology plays an important role in our daily lives. Computers have increased the quality of life. Technology makes our interactions much easier. It helps people keep in touch from long distances. Our phones keep us entertained through social media. GPS has impacted the way we travel. Advances in technology have made it much easier for the average person to travel the globe and stay in touch with their homes while they are away. Is technology good? It makes life less complicated. Communication is much more simplified. Traveling is ten times easier for anyone in the world. Those are just some of the reasons why technology is good for people all around the world. I believe that technology is good because the advances have improved the way we travel and communicate.

Technology has given more options for transportation for instances, when my mom bought me an uber because I did not have a ride home. Scheduling a flight online, using GPS rather than a map.

Communication is the giving or exchanging of information or news between people. Technology has affected how we communicate in a unique way. In the time span of humanity communication has been key in the forging of empires. Now, communication has never been easier, meaning people from around the world are able to speak to each other. In the past, people...show more content...

Technology has improved the way we travel. In the article, "How Has Technology Changed the Way We Travel" it talks about how traveling has made life much simpler, way more accessible. Technology has given us information at our fingertips, also different online organizations aiding us in our travels. Apps such as Uber, Lyft, and other transportation finders have made getting from place to place a hundred times better. Therefore, many people are deciding to travel these days, all because of the technological advancements of our

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Inductive Bible Study Essay

dholloway3@liberty.edu

Douglas Holloway

Due by Monday at Midnight of the end of Module / Week #8 Name:Best Email Address:

BIBL 350– Inductive Bible Study Assignments for Submission #4

Assignment 19–4: Deuteronomy 22:8

"When you build a new house, make a parapet around your roof so that you may not bring the guilt of bloodshed on your house if someone falls from the roof."

(1) Study the text and make as many observations as you can. List the observations in the space provided. Be sure that you understand the meanings of all the words. Do background study and word studies as needed to understand each term. (2) Identify both the historical–cultural context and the literary context. Regarding the...show more content... Gal. 5:13 sums up the principle of this Old Testamentlaw perfectly: You' my brothers' were called to be free. But do not use your freedom to indulge the sinful nature; rather, serve one another in love."

(3d) Step #4: Cross into the New Testament:

(3e) Step #5: Grasping the Text in Our Town:

Christians today need to grow in love and to show that love through concern and service for the well–being of others. We need to put the care and well–being of others above our care and concern for ourselves. We need to love all people, not just the ones that are like us, or that are nice, or that can help us get what we want. This love for people will reflect God's love for all people which He made clear by His laws in the Old Testament and the sacrificial death of Christ for our sins in the New Testament.

Assignment 20–1: Psalm 20

Based on the discussion of parallelism in the textbook, classify each of the couplets (verses) in Psalm 20, printed below. That is, identify each set of parallel lines as synonymous, developmental, illustrative, contrastive, or formal. Note that verse 5 and 6 each have three lines instead of two. Either classify all three lines together as one category, or classify the first two as one category and then relate the last line to the first two as a category. Verse 1 has been completed as an example for you. 1May

Illustrative Essay About Marijuana

In my illustrative essay I'm going to be writing about legalizing marijuana. It doesn't seem like a good choice for some people but legalizing marijuana would probably change things a lot in our state. Legalizing marijuana would cut down some of the crime rate since people wouldn't be in trouble for selling or being caught with it. It would also help the people who has to have it for their medical condition. Another thing about legalizing marijuana is that marijuana doesn't really have long term effects on a person's health unless they start smoking at a juvenile age.

Legalizing marijuana would help cut down some of the crime rate and not much people would go to jail. By marijuana staying illegal it is hurting some people's future because people who get caught with marijuana could face jail time and having marijuana on you could be charged as a felony.in the article "Marijuana legalization: Research review on crime and impaired driving" it goes into great detail on how illegal marijuana can cause more trouble. It explains that cops are more likely to arrest a black male for drug trafficking than to arrest a white male for it. The article explains this by saying "Black men, according to federal data collated by the American Civil Liberties Union and widely cited by scholars, are almost four times more likely to be arrested for marijuana possession than whites, even though both groups use the drug at roughly the same rate." Legalizing marijuana would stop this and reduce

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Descriptive: Abortion is the termination of an unplanned or unwanted pregnancy. It is a controversial issue affecting our society and raises ethical issues. Abortions can be performed before nine weeks from the last menstrual period and is performed either surgically with the removal of the fetus or medically with drugs. From nine weeks until 14 weeks, an abortion is performed by a dilatation and suction curettage procedure. After 14 weeks, abortions are then performed by an evacuation procedure. After 20 weeks of gestation, abortions can be performed by labor induction, prostaglandin labor induction, saline infusion, hysterectomy, or dilatation and extraction.

Illustrative:

Imagine a small, dull colored room where the windows are closed off and inside lies a single medical bed with pointy silver objects surrounding it. The coldness of the room gives you chills but not because of the temperature. Even more chilling are the internal struggles a woman will have to fight through. Does she want to do this? No, she just feels like it is her only choice. She reluctantly enters the room where she will experience a moment that she will never be able to erase from her mind. For the rest of her life, she will be left wondering if she made the right choice. The doctor disrupts her internal questioning with a casual greeting. He does not smile when he introduces himself and she is glad about this because how twisted it would be to show any sign of joy in a place such as this. She

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Language Acquisition Essay

What is language? Language is a set of arbitrary symbols that enables every individual in the community to communicate and interact. These symbols contain acceptable meanings by the society and culture. Possessing a language is essential in all human; every normal human speaks but nonhuman does not. Acquisition, on the other hand, means learning or getting. Therefore,language acquisition basically means the learning or the gaining of a language. Language acquisition is normally viewed as a part of cognitive science. Many psychologists like Pavlov, Skinner, Jean Piaget, Vygotsky and Chomsky had done researches on this particular field. Language acquisition is an interesting subject to study and discuss on. Every normal child acquires his...show more content...

With the existence of Universal Grammar, adults need not spoon feed children with every single word or sentence of the desired language. What children really need is exposure to the language and they are able to process it and learn it on their own. Upon mentioning on Universal Grammar, Chomsky concluded that every child is born with Language Acquisition Device. Language Acquisition Device which is naturally equipped in human's brain contains the rules or laws which are universal to all languages – the Universal Grammar. It is an area which cannot be pointed out exactly in the brain but is believed to be present in the neurological networks every human has developed. This device is believed to exist only in human's brain, not in nonhuman. Children only need to be exposed or access to samples of their languages as a trigger to activate the device. Once the activation has taken place, children will be able to find out the patterns of the language to be learned. They will be able to combine their innate capability (the ability on language acquisition) with the information they gain from the environment. Therefore, if language acquisition is corresponding to brain development, there must be a period in life whereby human are able to acquire a language most effectively as brain cells do not develop the whole life. In respond to that, the critical period for language learning is biologically determined in which the period

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Grammar is a set of language rules and system. There are various types of grammar. Descriptive grammar is the rules that English speakers follow. Whereas, prescriptive grammar is the textbook rules in order to write and speak correctly. For example, the sentence I didn't go nowhere. is correct in descriptive grammar but incorrect in prescriptive grammar. "The part of the grammar that concerns the structure of phrases and sentences is called syntax. Rules of grammar determine how morphemes and words can combine to express a specific meaning" (Fromkin, & Rodman, 1998). Grammaticality is based on specific patterns determined by the syntactic rules. The rules are acquired or constructed unconsciously as children (Fromkin, & Rodman, 1998)....show more content...

In other word, Do support doesn't occur in negative statements and questions if the affirmative statement already has an auxiliary verb such as be /do/have or can/could/may/might/must/shall/should/will/would. Examples are as follows.

+ You are living here. (pronoun/ auxiliary/ verb/ adverb)

Q Are you living here?

_ Aren't you living here? / Are you not living here?

Are in the first affirmative statement is an auxiliary verb. Therefore, do support doesn't occur in questions and negative statements. Although be /do/have usually function as auxiliaries, they can also work as main verbs in sentences (Teschner, & Evans, 1993). When be functions as a main verb it never allows Do support. However, both do and have require Do support when working as a main verb. A wh–word can function either as the subject in its wh/co question or the object in it (Teschner, & Evans, 1993). If wh–words are objects, the words move to the front of the sentence, which is called wh–fronting. Whereas, wh–words are subjects, the wh–movement doesn't occur because someone as a subject already appears at the front.

Compare:

Who did he call? (who functions as an object)

Who called him? (who functions as a

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