Intercultural Communication in Contexts Judith Martin 7th Edition- Test Bank

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Description Intercultural Communication in Contexts Judith Martin 7th Edition- Test Bank Sample Questions Instant Download With Answers CHAPTER 3 CULTURE, COMMUNICATION, CONTEXT, AND POWER

MULTIPLECHOICE QUESTIONS 1.

The learned pattern of perception, values, and behaviors shared by a group of people is known as _____.

2. stereotyping 3. perception 4. culture 5. heterogeneity Ans: c

2.

The ways in which a culture judges good or bad, or right or wrong are often determined by _____.

3. stereotypes 4. values 5. perceptions 6. beliefs Ans: b

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

Collectively, the values and perceptions of a cultural group represent its _____. worldview history communication patterns beliefs

Ans: a

4.

White Americans think that there is greater equality between races than do African Americans. This difference between cultural groups illustrates that _____.

5. culture is a group-related perception 6. culture is expressed as behavior 7. culture is dynamic 8. culture involves power Ans: a

5.

The idea that not all members of a particular group will behave or think in the same way illustrates that _____.

6. culture is shared 7. culture is expressed as behavior 8. culture is heterogeneous 9. culture involves power Ans: c

6.

Many Native American students are soft spoken and hesitate to participate in classroom discussions. Amy, however, is a Native American who actively participates in class and often asks questions to her instructors. Amy’s behavior illustrates that _____.

7. culture is shared 8. culture is expressed as behavior 9. culture is dynamic 10. culture is heterogeneous Ans: d

7.

The symbolic process whereby reality is produced, maintained, repaired, and transformed is known as_____.

8. culture 9. power 10. communication 11. language Ans: c

8.

The fact that Berta uses her chininstead of her finger to point at an object across the room illustrates that communication is _____.

9. dynamic 10. unintentional

11. receiver oriented 12. symbolic Ans: d

9.

An “easy” class or quiz can mean different things to different people. This illustrates that communication is: 10. sharing and negotiating meaning.

11. unintentional.

12. receiver oriented.

13. symbolic.

Ans: a

10.

The idea that we are constantly sending and receiving messages which may change midstream illustrates that communication is _____.

11. sharing and negotiating meaning 12. unintentional 13. dynamic 14. symbolic Ans: c

11.

Jeff accidentally insulted the parents of his roommate Mohammed by putting his feet up on the desk when they were visiting their dorm room. Jeff’s behavior (and subsequent apology) illustrates that communication can be _____.

12. dynamic 13. unintentional 14. receiver oriented 15. symbolic Ans: b

12.

Daniel offended a classmate by trying to help her with her books. She told him he was sexist and that he should quit patronizing her. In trying to be helpful, Daniel has illustrated that communication is _____.

13. sharing and negotiating meaning 14. unintentional 15. receiver oriented 16. dynamic Ans: c

13.

Societies that are more likely to punish criminals than rehabilitate them probably see human nature as _____.

14.

15.

16.

17.

Ans: d

innate basically good a combination of good and evil essentially evil

14.

Which relationship between humans and nature is illustrated by societies which place less emphasis on birth controland tend not to interfere with rivers by building dams?

15. domination of nature over humans 16. humans living in harmony with nature 17. humans dominate nature 18. low access to technology Ans: a

15.

Kyle doesn’t understand why people in some countries don’t make greater use of agricultural technology and why, if they have large populations, more people don’t practice birth control. Kyle probably lives in a society with a _____ orientation.

16. domination of nature over humans 17. humans living in harmony with nature 18. humans dominate nature 19. technological Ans: c

16.

Many Guatemalans place great emphasis on extended families and are more likely to consult with family members when making important decisions. This culture most likely representsa(n) _____ society.

17. individualist 18. collectivist 19. feminine 20. masculine Ans: b

17.

A culture thatvalues being productive and keeping busy tends to have a _____ orientation to human activity.

18. doing 19. puritan 20. growing 21. being Ans: a

18.

Carmen would rather spend time interacting and relaxing with friends than working. In fact, she recently turned down a promotion because it would mean she would see her family and friends less. Carmen probably grew up in a culture with a _____ value orientation toward human activity.

19. doing 20. puritan 21. growing 22. being Ans: d

19.

Shauna, age 27, has started to put money into an IRA. She doesn’t plan to use this money until she retires. Shauna probably lives in a culture with a _____ orientation toward time.

20. future 21. past 22. present 23. financial Ans: a

20.

The extent to which less powerful members of a society expect and accept power is known as _____.

21. masculinity–femininity 22. uncertainty avoidance 23. power distance 24. long-term orientation to life Ans: c

21.

Many people in Central America have a preference for gender-specific roles (e.g., men should be primary bread winners and women are responsible for the family).

They probably have a(n) _____value orientation.

22. power distance 23. uncertainty avoidance 24. masculine 25. feminine Ans: c

22.

The degree to which people feel threatened by ambiguous situations and try to ensure certainty by establishing more structure is referred to as _____.

23. power distance 24. uncertainty avoidance 25. masculinity 26. femininity Ans: b

23.

Cultures whose members participate in religions like Hinduism and Buddhism, which emphasize virtue, tenacity, and perseverance, have a _____ orientation toward life.

24. long-term 25. feminine 26. short-term 27. masculine Ans: a

24.

Jeremy is always polite and courteous to his instructors at school but tends to be a bit rowdy with his friends at a party. This difference in Jeremy’s communication illustrates the importance of _____ in determining behavior and communication.

25. power distance 26. context 27. rituals 28. ethnocentrism Ans: b

25.

26.

27.

28.

29.

Ans: b

Our sense of familiarity and comfort within our own cultures is known as _____. uncertainty avoidance embodied ethnocentrism symbolic significance preferred personality

26._____ refers to acting or presenting oneself in a specific way so as to accomplish some goal. a.Symbolic significance 1.

Indulgence 2.

Preferred personality 3.

Performative Ans: d

27.

A research method where writers examine their own life experiences to discover broader cultural insights is known as: 28. frame analysis.

29. phenomenography.

30. autoethnography.

31. hermeneutics.

Ans: c

28.

_____ is a cultural variability dimension that reflects a subjective feeling of happiness.

29.

Indulgence versus restraint 30.

Long-term versus short-term orientation 31.

Masculinity–femininity value 32.

Uncertainty avoidance Ans: a

29.

_____ is a specialized area of study whereby interpretive scholars analyze verbal and nonverbal activities that have symbolic significance for the members of cultural groups to understand the rules and patterns followed by the groups.

30.

Phenomenology 31.

Pragmatics 32.

Conversational analysis 33.

Ethnography of communication Ans: d

30.

Interpretive scholars view culture as shared and learned and tend to focus on the:

31.

32.

33.

34.

Ans: b

often conflictual nature of cultural boundaries. contextual patterns of communication behavior. role of perception in cultural patterns. heterogeneity of cultural groups.

31.

In the context of the role of perception in cultural patterns, in contrast to Asians, North European cultural groups: 32. lay heavy emphasis on sensory information and feeling. b.use more description and physical metaphors to capture their perceptions.

1. tend to be more abstract, stressing coherent explanation.

2. emphasize action-oriented procedures.

Ans: c

TRUE/FALSE QUESTIONS

32.

People in collectivist societies tend to value direct communication and active conflict resolution styles in order to maintain the group.

Ans: F

33.

Groups with the most power determine what the acceptable communication system of an entire society will be.

Ans: T

34.

People of different ages, genders, physical abilities, or sexual orientations have relatively equal access to power in the United States.

Ans: F

35.

People tend to communicate the same way regardless of the setting or the people with whom they are speaking.

Ans: F

36.

36. People who value quality of life, service to others, and support for the unfortunate tend to have a masculine value orientation.

Ans: F

37.

A culture whose members believe that less hierarchy is better and that power should be used only for legitimate purposes tends to have a low power distance orientation.

Ans: T

38.

Great Britain, Hong Kong, and the United States have low levels of uncertainty avoidance.

Ans: T

39.

Forces that attempt to change or retain existing social structures contribute to the political context.

Ans: T

40.

Most people in the United States believe that man is essentially evil because we are interested not in rehabilitation, but in punishment of criminal offenders.

Ans: F

41.

The most common form of activity in the United States seems to involve a “doing”orientation.

Ans: T

42.

The interpretive perspective on communication emphasizes that the process by which we negotiate meaning is static.

Ans: F

43.

Researchers Florence Kluckhohn and Fred Strodtbeck emphasized the centrality of cultural values in understanding cultural groups.

Ans: T

44.

Preferred personality refers to the importance or meaning that most members of a cultural group attach to a communication activity.

Ans: F

45.

People with a long-term value orientation are concerned with possessing the truth, focusing on quick results in endeavors, and recognizing social pressure to conform.

Ans: F

ESSAYQUESTIONS

46.

Identify, discuss, and provide examples of the three possible relationships between humans and nature according to Kluckhohn and Strodtbeck.

47.

Compare and contrast the individualist and the collectivist orientations toward relationships between humans.

48.

Identify and discuss two ways in which communication reinforces culture.

49.

49. Discuss the role of power in the intercultural communication process.

CHAPTER 5 IDENTITY AND INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION

MULTIPLECHOICE QUESTIONS

1.

Women who join social groups exclusive to women are highlighting their _____ identity.

2. gender 3. age 4. ethnic 5. religious Ans: a

2.

In the United States, a 40-year-old man who lives with his parents and spends most of his time playing video games and chasing women is generally not seen as enacting his _____ identity.

3. gender 4. age 5. ethnic 6. sexual Ans: b

3.

Typically, _____ identity includes knowledge of a group’s traditions, customs, values, and a feeling of belonging to that group.

4. gender 5. age 6. ethnic 7. religious Ans: c

4.

U.S. Americans who identify not only with being U.S. citizens but also as being members of ethnic groupsare often called _____.

5. global nomads (TCKs) 6. culture brokers 7. hyphenated Americans 8. modelminorities Ans: c

5.

A person who wears a crucifix around his or her neck is probably communicating his or her _____ identity.

6. ethnic 7. national 8. religious 9. class Ans: c

6.

Trailer trash or white trash are terms used to mark _____ differences in U.S. society.

7. ethnic 8. racial 9. religious 10. class Ans: d

7.

Anu was born in the United States. Her parents were born in India. When Anu interacts with the children of other Indian immigrants, she is most likely enacting her _____ identity.

8. ethnic 9. national 10. religious 11. class Ans: a

8.

Belle is from South Carolina. She is proud that she speaks with an accent and has no real desire to visit or live in the West. Belle affirms her _____ identity.

9. ethnic 10. national 11. regional 12. class Ans: c

9.

The stage of minority identity development characterized by the lack of exploration of ethnicity is known as _____.

10. conformity 11. resistance and separatism 12. unexamined identity 13. integration Ans: c

10.

Manuel accepts the values and attitudes of the majority culture. Although he is Mexican American, he is often embarrassed by other members of his group. He has a strong desire to assimilate into the mainstream. Manuel is probably in the _____ stage of minority identity development.

11. unexamined identity 12. resistance and separatism 13. conformity 14. integration Ans: c

11.

Simone, an African American, is not interested or concerned with ethnicity. “Why would I need to learn about black history?” she asks. She says, “I’m just into my own thing.” Simone is probably in the _____ stage of minority identity development.

12. unexamined identity 13. resistance and separatism 14. conformity 15. integration Ans: a

12.

In the _____ stage of minority identity development, individuals internalize the values and norms of the dominant group and may have negative attitudes toward themselves or toward their group in general.

13. unexamined identity 14. resistance and separatism 15. conformity 16. integration Ans: c

13.

In the _____ stage of minority identity development, individuals may reject the values and norms associated with the dominant group while embracing all the attitudes and values attributed to his or her own group.

14. unexamined identity 15. resistance and separatism 16. conformity 17. integration Ans: b

14.

Bertina, a Native American, believes that Navajo customs and traditions provide the most effective responses to everyday issues. She rejects Westernized medicine when she is sick and refuses to be cured by anyone but a traditional healer. Bertina is probably in the _____ stage of minority identity development.

15. conformity 16. unexamined identity

17. integration 18. resistance and separatism Ans: d

15.

A person with a strong sense of his or her own group identity and an appreciation of other cultural groups is probably in the _____ stage of minority identity development.

16. unexamined identity 17. resistance and separatism 18. conformity 19. integration Ans: d

16.

Vivian, an African American, is proud to be black. She admires, however, many Latin Americans’ emphasis on family and applauds the successes of many Asian Americans. Vivian is probably in the _____ stage of minority identity development.

17. integration 18. conformity 19. resistance and separatism 20. unexamined identity Ans: a

17.

A person who is aware of some physical and cultural differences, but does not fear other racial or ethnic groups or feel a sense of superiority is probably in the _____ stage of majority identity development.

18. resistance 19. acceptance 20. redefinition and integration 21. unexamined identity Ans: d

18.

A person who doesn’t question the basic racial inequities in society and who may even believe that minority groups need help to assimilate is probably in the _____ stage of majority identity development.

19. resistance 20. acceptance 21. redefinition and integration 22. unexamined identity Ans: b

19.

Ted, a white American, doesn’t think of himself as being white. He knows that minority groups are economically disadvantaged and supports educational efforts to expose minorities to European music, art, and literature. Ted is probably in the _____ stage of majority identity development.

20. resistance 21. unexamined identity 22. redefinition and integration 23. acceptance Ans: d

20.

When a person moves from blaming minority members for their conditions to blaming the social system as a source of racial or ethnic problems, he or she is probably in the _____ stage of majority identity development.

21. acceptance 22. unexamined identity 23. redefinition and integration 24. resistance Ans: d

21.

Dianna is comfortable being white although she can appreciate other groups. She recognizes that prejudice and racism are factors in our society but also realizes that blame, guilt, or denial doesn’t really help eliminate racism. Dianna is probably in the _____ stages of majority identity development.

22. resistance 23. acceptance 24. redefinition and integration 25. unexamined identity Ans: c

22.

Duncan has a white father and a Korean mother. He feels torn between two different cultures. He has difficulty making decisions, is troubled by ambiguity, and feels pressure from both groups. Here, Duncan is a(n) _____.

23. assimilated 24. encapsulated marginal 25. global nomad 26. constructive marginal Ans: b

23.

_____ aremulticultural people who see themselves as choice makers. They seem to thrive in their lives on the margins of two cultures.

24.

Culture brokers 25.

Encapsulated marginals 26.

Global nomads

27.

Constructive marginal Ans: d

24.

After 15 minutes of their first conversation, Chris tells MacKenzie that he (Chris) is gay. Clearly, _____ is an important aspect of how Chris identifies himself.

25. age identity 26. religious identity 27. sexual identity 28. ethnic identity Ans: c

25.

Which of the following best describes the term interpellation? a.the fundamental beliefs that are shared by the members of a cultural group 1.

the communication process by which one is pulled into the social forces that place people into a specific identity c.the identification with the cultural notions of masculinity and femininity and what it means to be a man or a woman d.the identification with feelings of connectedness to others and higher meanings in life Ans: b

26.

A person whose gender identity matches the biological sex that she or he was born into is known as a(n): 27. transgender. b.ipsogender. c.model minority.

1. cisgender.

Ans: d

27.

_____ is a sense of belonging to a group that shares similar economic, occupational, or social status.

28.

Class identity 29.

Personal identity 30.

National identity 31.

Regional identity Ans: a

28.

People who grow up in many different cultural contexts because their parents relocated are referred to as: 29. model minorities.

30. culture brokers.

31. global nomads. d.stereotypes.

Ans: c

TRUE/FALSE QUESTIONS

29.

Microagressions are subtle insults directed toward cultural groups, often automatically or unconsciously.

Ans: T

30.

Old age is revered in the United States and many other societies.

Ans: F

31.

The racial classification of a person is largely determined by biology.

Ans: F

32.

A person in the redefinition and integration stage of majority identity development may minimize his or her communication with whites and seek out interactions with people of color.

Ans: F

33.

A multicultural person with a secure sense of self and exposure to more than one culture’s norms and values is in the self-acceptance and assertion stage of multicultural identity development.

Ans: T

34.

Individualism is a core symbol of Mexican American identity.

Ans: F

35.

People with disabilities do not usually go through discernible stages of identity development because they are also members of larger cultural groups.

Ans:F

36.

White people have an advantage of race privilege.

Ans: T

37.

Gender is the same as biological sex.

Ans: F

38.

Individualized identity, evident in many collectivististic cultures, stresses the importance of emotional connectedness to and interdependence with others.

Ans: F

39.

According to the identity negotiation theory, cultural variability influences our sense of self and ultimately influences how successful we are in intercultural interactions.

Ans: T

40.

Ascription is the process by which individuals portray themselves, whereas avowal is the process by which others attribute identities to them.

Ans: F

41.

Core symbols tell us about the fundamental beliefs and the central concepts that define a particular identity.

Ans: T

ESSAY QUESTIONS

42.

How might white privilege affect intercultural communication?

43.

What is the relationship between communication and identity?

44.

How are racial categories constructed? How are they different from ethnic categories?

45.

Identify and discuss three common characteristics shared by white people in the United States.

46.

Why would U.S. Americans not like to discuss class distinctions? What are the ramifications of lack of recognition of class?

47.

What communication strategies are used to place someone in the class hierarchy in the United States?

48.

At what stage in the identity development model are you? Why? What experiences have facilitated or hindered your own identity development?