Cambridge International AS & A Level Biology
7M ammalian transport and gas exchange
8 Energy and respiration
9 Photosynthesis
7.1 Identifying and drawing blood cells 7.2 Observing and drawing the structures of the heart 7.3 Observing and drawing the different structures of arteries, veins and capillaries 7.4 Observing and drawing the structure of the respiratory system and its tissues
126 130
8.1 Using a simple respirometer to calculate the respiratory quotient of germinating seeds 8.2 The effect of temperature on the rate of respiration of an invertebrate 8.3 The effect of glucose concentration on the respiration rate of yeast using a redox indicator 8.4 The ability of yeast to use different sugars during fermentation
9.1 Identification and separation of photosynthetic pigments using paper chromatography 9.2 Effect of light intensity on the rate of photosynthesis 9.3 Gas exchange in a water plant 9.4 The effect of light wavelength on the light dependent reaction (Hill reaction) 9.5 The effect of carbon dioxide concentration on rate of photosynthesis
10 H omeostasis and coordination
10.1 The structure of the kidney 10.2 Analysis of urine 10.3 The role of gibberellic acid in the germination of barley seeds 10.4 The effect of light wavelength on phototropism in wheat seedlings 10.5 Investigating human reflexes
SA
iv
113
M PL
6.5 Investigating the effect of one factor on the rate of transpiration 6.6 Drawing sections and identifying the tissues of a typical leaf and a xerophytic leaf
E
11 Inheritance, selection and evolution
121
133 138
145 150 159 163
167 172 179 182 188 192 199 203 209 215
11.1 Studying stages of meiosis in an anther 222 11.2 Modelling the effects of selection pressure on allele frequency 225 11.3 Measuring and comparing continuous variation in two sets of leaves 229 11.4 Investigating tongue-rolling 236 11.5 Modelling the Hardy–Weinberg equations 240 11.6 The effects of selective breeding in Brassica oleracea 245 11.7 Comparing vitamin C content in two cultivars of Brassica oleracea 248
Original material Š Cambridge University Press