Theme 1: Topic 11
Functions of urban settlements
Accra, Ghana
The function of a settlement is its main economic activity or purpose. Most urban areas started as small settlements, growing in size and changing their function over the years. Large towns and cities developed in areas where resources were available for the growth of industry and where natural routeways and rivers met. This enabled the development of roads, railways and canals.
Accra Accra has been the capital city of Ghana since 1877. With a population of 2.3 million, Accra stretches along the coast and extends north into Ghana’s interior. It originally developed as a fishing village; however, it soon became a major port, especially when the Europeans built three forts and trading posts there in the 17th century. Accra is now the seat of government and an important financial, commercial and administrative centre. There are main banks and department stores, and many nightclubs, restaurants and hotels. Manufacturing is important, including food processing, textiles, clothing and chemicals, and fishing is still important. 41
TASK 1: Study Source a Describe the function of Korodegaga village. b Give three advantages for the villagers of its site. TASK 2: Study Source a Define the following functions: ■ Market town ■ Port ■ Industrial town ■ Tourist resort b Explain why settlements develop with different functions. Use examples of different settlements in your answer. TASK 3: Study Source a Describe the economic activities that are shown in the different photographs of Accra. b Explain how and why the functions of Accra have changed over time.