Contents Introduction
3
Biology Unit 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7
Plants Photosynthesis Mineral salts for plants Plants and water Flowers Pollination Fertilisation Fruits End of unit questions
6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
Unit 2 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9
Living things in their environment Plant adaptations Animal adaptations Ecology Food webs and energy flow Decomposers Populations Pollution Habitat destruction Protecting the environment End of unit questions
22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40
Unit 3 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8
Variation and inheritance Keys Variation Inheritance More about inheritance Selective breeding Natural selection Natural selection in action Charles Darwin End of unit questions
42 44 46 48 50 52 54 56 58
Chemistry Unit 4 Material properties 4.1 The structure of the atom 4.2 More about the structure of the atom 4.3 Trends in Group 1 4.4 Trends in some other groups End of unit questions Unit 5 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4
Unit 6 Reactivity 6.1 Metals and their reactions with oxygen 6.2 Reactions of metals in water 6.3 Reactions of metals with dilute acid 6.4 The reactivity series 6.5 Displacement reactions 6.6 Using displacement reactions End of unit questions Unit 7 Salts 7.1 What is a salt? 7.2 Preparing a salt using metal and acid 7.3 Metal carbonates and acids 7.4 Forming salts by neutralisation End of unit questions Unit 8 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 8.5 8.6
4
Energy changes Burning More exothermic reactions Endothermic processes Exothermic or endothermic? End of unit questions
Rates of reaction Measuring the rate of reaction Changes in the rate of reaction Surface area and the rate of reaction Temperature and the rate of reaction Concentration and the rate of reaction Catalysts End of unit questions
60 62 64 66 68 70 72 74 76 78
80 82 84 86 88 90 92 94 96 98 100 102 104 106 108 110 113 116 118