Mid Wales, the centre of alternative construction | PORFOLIO CARDIFF UNIVERISTY | 2020

1. RESEARCH (SEMESTER 1 WORK)

1a. WATER RESEARCH

1a.1 FRESHWATER

1a.2 WATER CONSUMPTION

1a.3 UK WATER FOOTPRINT

1b. MATERIALS RESEARCH

1b.1 RESOURCES IN WALES

1b.2 WATER FOOTPRINT

1b.3 CARBON FOOTPRINT

1b.4 MATERIALS BY EMBODIED ENERGY, CF AND WF.

1b.5 MAP SUSTAINABLE COMPANIES IN WALES AND UK MAP UNIVERSITIES IN WALES

1c. OUTCOME - SPIDER OF WALES

2.DESIGN (SEMESTER 2 WORK)

2a. MANIFESTO/STRATEGIES

2a.1 MANIFESTO

2a.2 RHAYADER ANALYSIS

2a.3 STRATEGIES FOR RHAYADER

2b. SITE/TACTICS

2b.1 INDUSTRIAL AREA ANALYSIS

2b.2 VIEWS FROM THE SITE

2b.3 CLIMATE AND LAND ANALYSIS

2b.4 EXISTING BUILDING ANALYSIS

2b.5 EXISTING STRUCTURE ANALYSIS

2b.6 VISUAL LIMTS FROM THE SITE

2b.7 SITE MODEL PICTURES

2b.8 TACTICS

2c. MASTERPLAN

2c.1 PUBLIC SPACE (x2)

2c.2 PHASING

2c.3 PHASING - BUILDING LAYOUT

2d. DESIGN BRIEF PHASE 1

2d.1 SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS

2d.2 DESIGN OBJECTIVES

2e. BUILDNG

2e.1 SITE PLANT

2e.2 PUBLIC SPACE (x2)

APPENDICIES

1. RESEARCH (SEMESTER 1 WORK)

APPENDIX 1.1 SUSTAINABLE COMPANIES WALES

2.DESIGN (SEMESTER 2 WORK)

APPENDIX 2.1 BRIEF PRECEDENTS

APPENDIX 2.2 ARCHITECTURE PRECEDENTS

APPENDIX 2.3 MATERIALS

APPENDIX 2.4 ENERGY AND SYSTEMS

APPENDIX 2.5 CONSTRUCTION SECTION (@A1_1:20)

APPENDIX 2.6 CONSTRUCTION DETAIL (@A2_1:5)

APPENDIX 2.7 OTHER RESEARCHES DONE DURING THE YEAR (SEMESTRE 1 AND 2)

2e.3 COLLAGE_ENTRANCE FROM THE HIGH STREET

2e.4 COLLAGE_FRAME THE VIEW

2e.5 DESIGN CONCEPT

2e.6 OLD AND NEW

2e.7 STRUCTURE

2e.8 CONSTRUCTION SECTION + MATERIALS

2e.9 CONSTRUCTION DETAIL + MATERILAS

2e.10 ENERGY AND SYSTEMS (x2)

2e.11 CROSS SECTION THROUGH THE COURTYARD

2e.12 ELEVATION

2e.13 FIRST FLOOR

2e.14 SECOND FLOOR (x2)

2e.15 GROUND FLOOR

2e.16 ROOF PLANT

2e.17 LONGITUDINAL SECTIONS

2e.18 COLLAGE PHASE 1 - RECOVERED COURTYARD

MID WALES, THE CENTRE OF ALTERNATIVE CONSTRUCTION

The starting point of my research is the distribution and consumption of freshwater(1) available for human consumption . I identify the four types of environmental footprints: carbon, fossil energy, land and water. The water footprint(2) of construction materials let me to the study of the carbon footprint(3) embodied due to the journey and the production. This becomes an important part supporting one of the principles of the project, increasing the use of local materials, recycling, and reusing in order to reduce the overall consumption of CO2.

Based on The Economic Action Plan of the Welsh Government, the proposal will provide new opportunities to young people to train on designing without waste. The ethos of the project is based on thinking in “systems”, using renewable energies and resources, while eliminating waste because the waste of one process is the opportunity for another one. Considering elements in relation to their environmental and social context.

The proposal will take placed in Rhayader, Mid Wales, complementing the existing Centre of Alternative Technology (CAT), in North Wales, and associated and supported by the construction industry across Wales and collaborating with the different Wales Universities and Centres of Vocational Education and Training, as well as acting as a hub for the small town. The centre will be inclusive (mixture in the brief), it will encourage people from inside and outside of the community also bringing people from the industry and intersect all of them with the community, creating public spaces, improving it.

The Hub aims to act as a demonstration centre, being inspirational for the community and the industry, reusing (existing building, tires..), reducing (CO2, energy...), recycling (Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBS), substituting part of Portland cement...), and recovering (an empty space, creating a linking with the high street).

The centre will intersect the community, teaching, research and texting, lead by collaboration and progress.

1. Total fresh water in the world: 35 million Km2

68.7% Glaciers

30.1% Groundwater

1.2% Water available for human consumption: 437000 Km2

2. It is the measure that estimates the amount of water directly and indirectly consumed and/or polluted to produce goods and services. (There is very little research available in footprints).

3. I look into the carbon footprint in three different steps, embodied energy of the product, its transportation, and its life (strategy of low energy in the building).

1. RESEACRH (SEMESTER 1 WORK)

1a. WATER RESEARCH (Pag 2-5)

1a.1 FRESHWATER

1a.2 WATER CONSUMPTION

1a.3 UK WATER FOOTPRINT

1b. MATERIALS RESEARCH (Pag 6-11)

1b.1 RESOURCES IN WALES

1b.2 WATER FOOTPRINT

1b.3 CARBON FOOTPRINT

1b.4 MATERIALS BY EMBODIED ENERGY, CF AND WF.

1b.5 MAP SUSTAINABLE COMPANIES IN WALES AND UK MAP UNIVERSITIES IN WALES

1c. OUTCOME - SPIDER OF WALES (Pag 12)

APPENDICIES

APPENDIX 1.1 SUSTAINABLE COMPANIES WALES

FRESH WATER AND IT’S EXTRATION BY USE

SOURCE: Fao.org. (2016). [online] Available at: http://www.fao.org/nr/water/aquastat/tables/WorldData-Withdrawal_esp.pdf [Accessed 18 Oct. 2019].

BIGGEST FRESHWATER RESERVES

LESS FRESHWATER RESERVES

SOURCE: Radio Capital.pe. (2015). ¿Cuáles son los países con las mayores reservas de agua dulce?[online] Available at: https://capital.pe/mundo/cuales-son-los-paises-con-las-mayores-reservas-de-agua-dulce-enterate-aqui-noticia-820368 [Accessed 4 Oct. 2019].

WHY NOW WE CONSUMES MORE WATER?

1. Further industrial development.

2. More agricultural use.

3. More urban population than rural population.

4. World population x2.

EVOLUTION OF WATER RESOURCES (1992 TO 2014)

SOURCE. Aragó, L., 2018. El Mapa Que Muestra Los Países Que Se Están Quedando Sin Agua. [online] La Vanguardia. Available at: <https://www. lavanguardia.com/internacional/20181202/453239894358/mapa-paisessin-agua.html> [Accessed 2 October 2019].

CONCLUSION

40% OF HUMAN HAVE WATER SCARCITY PROBLEMS ONLY IN 2025 WILL AFFECT. 66% OF THE WORLD POPULATION (Specially to Central Africa and Middle East).

- The less reserves of water are in Middle East and Central Africa.

- Also it’s where the population is expected to increase most.

- And also it’s the where the water resources are decreases more.

SOURCE: Roser, M., Ritchie, H. and Ortiz-Ospina, E., 2019. World Population Growth. [online] Our World in Data. Available at: <https://ourworldindata.org/world-population-growth> [Accessed 5 October 2019].

WATER FOOTPRINT

Water footprint is a measure that estimates the amount of water directly and indirectly consumed and/or polluted to produce goods and services. It has three diferent elements, blue, green and gray.

BLUE WATER

Is the amount of surface water resources and groundwater that is evaporated or used directly in the production chain of a particular product. The volume of water that is not returned to the reservoir which is drawn.

GREEN WATER

Is rainwater, snow or thaw that is incorporated into the products. Is the water present in agricultural products.

SOURCE: Fundación Aquae. n.d. Huella Hídrica: Un Indicador Para Conseguir Un Mundo Más Sostenible. [online] Available at: <https://www.fundacionaquae.org/conoce-huella-hidrica/> [Accessed 13 October 2019].

GRAY WATER

Is the contaminated water in the process that needs to be purified to be assimilated by nature.

GLOBAL WATER FOOTPRINT FOOTPRINT BY COUNTRIES

SOURCE: Mekonnen,M.M. Hoeskra, A.Y. (2012). Period: 1996-2005

Comparison between countries with more water person and countries with more water footprint per person.

There are countries that are consuming more water per person than they should in order to make it sustainable, and therefore they are consuming the water resources of other countries.

TOTAL WATER FOOTPRINT OF THE UK

- 102 Gm3 (billion cubic metres) per year.

- 4,645 litres per person per day (Population of UK: 60,441,000_ equivalent to 50 normal bath tubs).

CONCLUSION

The UK is the sixth largest net importer of virtual water.

- 38% self-sufficient in water.

- 62% dependent on water from elsewhere.

SOURCE: Ashok Chapagain, Stuart Orr. UK Water Footprint: the impact of the UK’s food and fibre consumption on global water resources.pdf

MINERAL RESOURCE MAP OF WALES MATERIALS OF CONSTRUCTION SUPPLIER IN WALES

SOURCE: Humpage A.J. , Bide Keyworth T.P. “The mineral resource map of Wales”. Nottingham British Geological Survey. 2010

Total blue WF PROCESS (Direct water use in producction process).

Total blue WF ENERGY (Indirect water use for producing energy). This study of production of construction materials EXCLUDING TRANSPORTATION.

CONCRETE PRODUCTION + TRANSPORTATION

Numbers for a particular project, the WP due to transport depends on each project. Excluding indirect water use for producing the energy.

CONCLUSION

I study the journey of the materials, and it proves that the transport requirements are a very small percentage of the water footprint.

On the other hand, the requirements of transport get a great importance in the CARBON FOOTPRINT.

SOURCE: Gerbens-Leenes P.W., Hoekstra A.Y. Bosman R. “Water Resources and Industry” University of Groningen,The Netherlands; University of Twente, The Netherlands; Institute of Water Policy, National University of Singapore

SOURCE: Netz J. Sundin J. “Water Footprint of Concrete”. Degree Project in Enviromental Strategies. School of Architecture and Built Enviroment

SUSTAINABLE CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS CARBON FOOTPRINT

A sustantial reductionof the embodied energy --> Reducing transport requirements

From the most polluted to the least:

- Road

- Train (1/3 road)

- Water

The embodied energy or transport requirements aren’t the only selection criteria. There are materials that are part of the low energy strategy of the building.

SOURCE: Sassi P. 2006. Strategies for Sustainable Architecture. London ; New York Taylor & Francis

SOURCE: Enviroment Agency, 2007, Carbon Footprint Calculator

CONCLUSION: USE LOCAL MATERIALS WHERE IS POSIBLE

To consider the full cycle of materials

Identify tactics to reuse the existing construction elements

Possible tactics: REUSE RETROFITING WORKING WITH LAYERS

COMPANIES OF SUSTAINABLE CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS UNIVERSITIES

VOCATIONAL EDUCATION AND TRAINING (VET)

For further information refer to APPENDIX 1.1 SUSTANAIBLE COMPANIES

Universities and Vocational Education and Training Companies

Other companies that work with construction material companies

Relationship between scales, industries and groups will be:

- dynamic, fluid and temporal.

- interscale and inter-multidisciplinary.

2. DESIGN (SEMESTER 2 WORK)

APPENDICIES

APPENDIX 2.1 BRIEF PRECEDENTS

APPENDIX 2.2 ARCHITECTURE PRECEDENTS

APPENDIX 2.3 MATERIALS

APPENDIX 2.4 ENERGY AND SYSTEMS

APPENDIX 2.5 CONSTRUCTION SECTION (@A1_1:20)

APPENDIX 2.6 CONSTRUCTION DETAIL (@A2_1:5)

2a. MANIFESTO/STRATEGIES (Pag 13-16)

2a.1 MANIFESTO

2a.2 RHAYADER ANALYSIS

2a.3 STRATEGIES FOR RHAYADER

2b. SITE/TACTICS (Pag 17-25)

2b.1 INDUSTRIAL AREA ANALYSIS

2b.2 VIEWS FROM THE SITE

2b.3 CLIMATE AND LAND ANALYSIS

2b.4 EXISTING BUILDING ANALYSIS

2b.5 EXISTING STRUCTURE ANALYSIS

2b.6 VISUAL LIMTS FROM THE SITE

2b.7 SITE MODEL

2b.8 TACTICS

2c. MASTERPLAN (Pag 26-30)

2c.1 PUBLIC SPACE (x2)

2c.2 PHASING

2c.3 PHASING - BUILDING LAYOUT

2d. DESIGN BRIEF PHASE 1 (Pag 31-33)

2d.1 SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS

2d.2 DESIGN OBJECTIVES

2e. BUILDNG (Pag 34-55)

2e.1 SITE PLANT

2e.2 PUBLIC SPACE (x2)

2e.3 COLLAGE_ENTRANCE FROM THE HIGH STREET

2e.4 COLLAGE_FRAME THE VIEW

2e.5 DESIGN CONCEPT

2e.6 OLD AND NEW

2e.7 STRUCTURE

2e.8 CONSTRUCTION SECTION + MATERIALS

2e.9 CONSTRUCTION DETAIL + MATERILAS

2e.10 ENERGY AND SYSTEMS (x2)

2e.11 CROSS SECTION THROUGH THE COURTYARD

2e.12 ELEVATION

2e.13 FIRST FLOOR

2e.14 SECOND FLOOR

2e.15 GROUND FLOOR

2e.16 ROOF PLANT

2e.17 LONGITUDINAL SECTIONS

2e.18 COLLAGE PHASE 1 - RECOVERED COURTYARD

Look into the carbon footprint in three different steps:

- Embodied energy of the product.

- The transportation of the product.

- The life of the product.

STRATEGY OF LOW ENERGY IN THE BUILDING

The center will intersect different uses, intersecting at the same time different people from different places with the community, improving it and its economy.

The project will work at different scales, the community but also Wales, and even the country, people from england would came to the center to learn, working complementary with CAT, developing Mild and North Wales, as most of the companies and universities are placed in South Wales.

The project has both, an industrial approach and a teaching approach at this scale, and it is trying to give opportunities to all the industries and teaching centers of Mild and North Wales.

SOURCE: Ashby, Michael F.(2012). Materials and the Environment. 2nd ed. Oxford: Elsevier Science & Technology, pp.Chapters 3 and 4.

Chapel Health Restaurant

Hostel Market

Police station

Petrol station

Culture

Sport and playing field

The diversity of uses is along the high street, all the rest is residencial. The proposal will complement and improve Rhayader at different layers.

PUBLIC SPACES

LEISURE AND SPORT FACILITIES

CULTURE

INDUSTRY

Health Hostel

Police station

Petrol station

Museum

Sport and playing field

CARAD - Community Arts Rhayader District

Rhayader Tourist Information Centre

Ltd renowables

Liam Walker Plumbing

Rhayader Four Wheel Drive (Second hand car shop)

Construction Supplier (closed)

Building supplier (Tools)

Rhayader animal health

Compact Orbital Gears Ltd - Mechanical engineer

Electricity distribution site

Welsh royal cristal

Clynderwen & Cardiganshire Farmers Ltd

(agricultural cooperative)

Rhayader Precision Limited (Drilling and Tapping Specialist)

Welding Mid Wales

Mid wales Dark Side

(Window polarization service)

Solar desing Private

FULL/EMPTY GREEN SPACES

AVERAGE MONTHLY RAINFALL

HOURS OF DAYLIGHT AND TWILIGTH

WIND ROSE RHAYADER

Latitude: 52.30º

Longitude: -3.51º

Average annual temperature: 8.6ºC/47.6Fº

Precipitation: 1354mm/53.3 inch per year

Marine climate (Climate clasiffication of Köppen)

- Mild temperatures

- Heavy rainfall

- Cold winters and cool summers

- Annual thermal oscillation 10ºC (average)

SOURCES: Es.climate-data.org. n.d. Datos Climáticos Mundiales Climate-Data.Org. [online] Available at: <https://es.climate-data.org/> [Accessed 16 March 2020].

National Geographic España - Web Oficial - Ciencia, Naturaleza, Historia Y Viajes. [online] Available at: <https://www.nationalgeographic.com.es/> [Accessed 17 March 2020].

CLOUD COVER CATEGORIES

As the graphics show, the climate of Rhayader is perfect for the collection of water. It has a good average of rainfall every month, so probably all the consumption of water of the building would be supplied by the collection of the rainwater, but if is needed, it will be connected to the grid.

The number of days with plenty of sun are few, however, solar panels will be used to supply the energy of the building, as it is not enough, it will be complemented by a biomass boiler, Pellets. Weatherspark.com. 2016. Average Weather In Rhayader, United Kingdom, Year Round - Weather Spark. [online] Available at: <https://weatherspark.com/y/37857/ Average-Weather-in-Rhayader-United-Kingdom-Year-Round> [Accessed 17 March 2020].

DAYLY CHANCE OF PRECIPITATION

Rhayader Mudstones Formation Sedimentary Bedrock formed approximately 433 to 441 million years ago in the Silurian Period. These sedimentary rocks are marine in their origin. The site is near a flooding area, and a part of it is in the flooding risk, taking these two parameters into consideration, superficial foundations were chosen for the proposal. In the part of the project that is nearest to the flooding area, the foundations are made with reinforcement concrete, but in the other side the most far from the flooding area, for the retaining wall, it was chosen a continuous foundation, but no concrete foundation to further reduce the embodied energy of the wall. It was chosen a “rock-filled” (heavy-duty wire mesh containers). (For further information, refer to 2e. Building)

Geological Materials. n.d. Geology Of Britain Viewer British Geological Survey (BGS). [online] Available at: <http://mapapps.bgs. ac.uk/geologyofbritain/home.html> [Accessed 20 April 2020].

Pictures: Cristina (2020)

ROOF PLANT CURRENT STRUCTURE

CONSTRUCTION DETAILS

PLANT CURRENT STRUCTURE

2b.6 VISUAL LIMITS FROM THE SITE

2b. SITE / TACTICS

Pictures: Cristina (2020)

Getmapping Plc Contains OS data. Digimap.edina.ac.uk. 2020. Digimap. [online] Available at: <https://digimap. edina.ac.uk/> [Accessed 25 May 2020].

1. VIEW INSIDE - OUTSIDE

2.

3.

4.

DIAGRAM PUBLIC SPACE (1:500)

Main axis marked by the collection of the water. It is given an axiality to the public space that is in front of the centre.

Different spaces are going through this spine, that ends in the platform that present the building.

This public space is understand as bands, with different qualities, going through this spine that is pointing the main entrance of the centre.

1:1000

CAR ACCESS

1. Main access - Conection to the town (5 minutes by walk)

2. Collection of the water (spine)

3. CARAD - Community Arts Rhayader District

4. Rhayader Tourist Information Centre - Museum

5. Car parking

6. Crèche (childcare)

7. Children park, playground

8. Sport facilities

9. Second hand car shop

10. Green platform ( that presents the buiding)

11. Stairs to cross to the river

12. Public stairs that comunicates the industrial area with the town by walk

The main elements of the public space will be included in phase 1. Then the different spaces will be implemented and completed by the centre and the students. (They will try the new techniques and materials that they will learn in the centre doing it).

The phases will be introduced as the centre grow and establishing a relationship with the community and outer world.

Students: 15/course, maxium of 3 courses running at the same time.

Staff: 20 people.

The centre is a show building and is very public, and many of its spaces are designed for the community use, not only for the users for the main functions of the building. Like the lecture hall, for example, that is designed for 200 people (160m2), it is too big for the program of the building, but it will not be used just for the students, it is able to be used by all the citizens, and the people would organize different social and cultural events here.

In the same way much of the workspaces are designed in a very open way, so it is possible to see in some cases how the students are working, and at the same time they can exchange knowledge and skills. Emphasizing in the 3rd phase, where the industry and the teaching are intersecting, the industrial labs and workspaces very open are placed here.

Phase 2 and phase 3, that are not going to be developed, and the following pages will be focused on phase 1.

Schematic brief, check that is enough space to provide the accommodation of those phases. (Not the design)

PHASE 2 - TEACHING

1. Courtyard

2. Lecture

3. Work space

4. Lecture hall

5. Terrace

6. Exterior stairs

PHASE 3 - RESEARCH AND TESTING

7. Courtyard

8. Offices

9. Polivalent group work space

10. Laboratory

11. Changing room

12. Toilets

PHASE 1 - ENHANCEMENT THE COMMUNITY Will be later detail described

ENHANCEMENT WITH THE COMMUNITY

- Courtyard= 65 m²

- Vertical comunication= 48.60 + 45.83= 94.43m²

- Main social stair= 73 m²

- Lobby= 95 m²

- Toilets= 72.14 m² (9 toilets and 3 urinals in total)

- Instalations room= 8.30 m²

- Reception= 43 m²

- Librarians office= 19.33 m²

- Seminar room= 12.20m²

- Book storage= 19.33 m²

- Computer and printing room= 32.48 m²

- Polivalent Space/Exposition= 160 m²

- Study space= 146 + 44= 190m²

SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS

- Ligthing (dayligth)

- Heating (19ºC)

- Comfort (warm)

- Water demand: Education

Education= 0.00162575m³ water per day/m²

Second floor= 1025m²

1025m² - 65m² (courtyard)= 960 m²

960 m² x 0.001626m³ water day/m²= 1.56 m³ water day

- Courtyard= 65 m²

- Vertical comunication= 48.60 + 45.83= 94.43m²

- Main social stair= 73 m²

- Lobby= 95 m²

- Toilets= 72.14 m² (9 toilets and 3 urinals in total)

- Offices= 40 + 12.20= 56m² (3 offices)

- Instalations room= 8.30 m²

- Cafe area= 271 m²

- Relax area= 176 m²

- Reading corner= 17.39 m²

- Reception= 12 m²

- Courtyard= 65 m²

- Courtyard space= 134.51 m²

- Vertical comunication= 114.03 m² (3 stairs + 2 lifts)

- Lobby= 28 m²

- Toilets= 72.14 m² (9 toilets and 3 urinals in total)

- Showers=35 m²

- Offices= 15.74 + 12.24 + 28= 56m² (3 offices)

- Instalations room= 8.30 m²

- Storage= 74.26 m²

- Lockers space= 15 m²

- Workspace= 500 + 146= 646 m²

SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS

- Heating

- Confort

- Water demand: Public Assambly

Public Assambly= 0.002860m³ water per day/m²

First floor= 1025m²

1025m² - 65m² (courtyard)= 960 m²

960 m² x 0.002860m³ water day/m²= 2.75 m³ water day

SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS

- Not heating (16/17ºC)

- Ventilation

- Water demand: Because the workshop cannot been clasificate in any building of the table, I use Public Assambly as in the first floor, 0.002860m³ water per day/m²

Ground floor= 1360m²

1360m² - 134.51m² (courtyard)= 1225.49m²

1225.49 m² x 0.002860m³ water day/m²= 3.50 m³ water day

Precedents, refer to Appendix 2.1 Brief Precedents

Different uses, different requirements, intersected by the social space in the middle.

SOURCE: Building America program, sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy’s Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE). 2012. Table WD1. Daily water consumption in large commercial buildings

A. SELF SUFFIENT (For further information refer to pag 43-44 Energy and systems)

A1. Solar panels

A2. Heat pump

A3. Boimass boiler (pellets)

A4. Collection of rain water

A5. tanks, watertreatment

B. REUSE/RETROFITING

B1. Reusing a building, ADDING LAYERS (RESPECT TO NATURE)

B2. Reusing materials

C. BE INSPIRATIONAL/ SHOW BUILDING

C1. Expose services

C2. Expose the structure

C3. Water collection

Expose that elements that become part of the architecture language. Show how the building works, Case Study.

D. LOW ENERGY COMSUMPTION

D1. Aproach to passive design principles (For further information refer to Appendix 2.4)

D2. Looking into the different requirements of each space.

E. LOW CO2 CONSUMPTION, CO2 ZERO

E1. Election of materials (For further information refer to Appendix 2.3 Materials)

E2. Construction system (For further information refer to pag 40-41-42)

One of the main directions of the building is marked by a view in the landscape, that direction is framing the view of a farm in the middle of the landscape. The landscape is already framed in some way due to the trees that are in front of the building.

Access A. Pedestrian and public access to The Centre. Main access.

Articulation with the town by walk. (5 minutes to the centre of the town) Car accesibility for the existing companies. Access B. Service access. Car access to the centre. Stairs. They are connecting the town with the industrial area.

“WASTE”

The materials I am removing of the building, instead of being consider a waste, will be used later on the building. The bricks of the wall, could be used on site, crossing and using them for the movement of land. (Behind retaining wall) Also they could be used by the students for the training. The sandwich panel of the roof could be resused localy for another building, and also for the students to experiment with them.

Thinking in systems

Design without waste

Life cycle of a material

Second life of a material

LOADS DIAGRAM OF EXISTING STRUCTURE

The new structure

The section of the rigth column is much smaller than the middle columns of the portico, that are bearing the double of load. Because of this, I made the assumption that this column is not designed to bear more load. So the new structure will be attached to the old one but without touching it.

The new structure will be 2 m separated from the old one, and the principal beams will have 2 meters of cantilever.

JOIN OLD - NEW (1:20)

1. Hempcrete wall (500mm)

2. Sandwich panel (roof of the other half of the building)

3. Roof straps

4. Steel beam (200x100mm)

5. Steel beam (200x100mm)

6. Anchor

7. Bolt

8. Steel colum (205x135mm)

9. Brick

10. Expansion joint

11. Softwood uprigth

12. Lime plaster

13. Hempcrete

14. Anchor plate

15. Bolt

16. Glulam beam (750x125mm) (cross section)

17. Glulam beam (750x250mm)

18. Ash flooring - ceramic tiles

19. Gripping mortar (for the floor)

20. Cement mortar (4cm)

21. Heating pipes (2cm)

22. Insulation (10cm) - cellulose

23. Joist

24. CLT panels (secondary structure)

SOURCES:

Metric Handbook, Planning and desing data. Third edition, edited by David Littlefield, 2008 (pag. structure 36.2-36.3)

Spaeth, B. 2019. Structures for Architects. Architectural Technology 3. Cardiff University. Available at: https://learningcentral. cf.ac.uk/ [Accessed: 20 january 2020].

Gross H. Gross Produktion AB. 2013. Glulam Handbook Volume 1. Föreningen Sveriges Skogsindustrier. Stockholm, Sweden

GLUE LAMINATED TIMBER

The principal structure of the building is made in GLULAM, it is a structural material, which optimizes the technical qualities of a renewable raw material, timber, and at the same time, the consumption of raw wood material is less if the glulam technique is utilized. Glulam is comprised of layers of small section dimensioned timber, bonded together with adhesive under heat and pressure. The wood is all oriented in one direction, so it acts like a solid piece of wood.

CROSS LAMINATED TIMBER

The roofs of the building are made in CLT, which is acting as secondary structure in the perpendicular direction of the beams (distance between beams= 5m), and as interior cladding for the roofs as well. In CLT, as opposed to glulam, the wood is glued up with each layer of boards being perpendicular to each other. Because the timber is going in two directions, it gets better structural rigidity.

HEMPCRETE

All the external walls are made of hempcrete, with an external layer of lime render, to be more efficient for the weather. They are held by a secondary timber structure, which is inside the wall. The thickness of the wall is 500mm, encasing part of the structural timber frame.

What is hempcrete? “Hempcrete, or “hemp-lime composite building material” to give it its proper name, is made by mixing hemp shiv (the woody stem of the industrial hemp plant) together with a binder. The binder is either a pure lime (a strongly hydraulic lime), or a formulated hempcrete binder made from lime mixed with a smaller proportion of pozzolans or Portland cement.” (2020. UK HEMPCRETE)

TIRE RETAINING WALL

The retaining wall is made of tires, reusing a material that otherwise would be waste and would take a lot of energy to disappear. The inside of the tire is filed with rammed earth and cement floor reinforcement is placed every 1 time 4 yarns, and serves as a mooring floor in the structure of the tire wall. Finally the retaining wall results almost zero carbon.

Wall height: 5.12m

Tire size: φ=0.65m, width=0.225m

- Complex foundation, continuous foundation, but no concrete foundation to further reduce the embodied energy of the wall. Rock filled (heavy-duty wire mesh containers).

- Cement ground reinforcement.

- Superficial and internal drainage. It is a French drainage.

TIRE RETAINING WALL

The opaque wall of the courtyard is made of brick, linking this way with the existing buildings, much of them made of brick, the first one the existing building which the project is wrapping. The wall is made with two rows of bricks.

SECTION A-A’

APPENDIX

LEGEND

1. Gravel

2. Dichondra (plant)

3. Growing medium (350mm)

4. Geotextil membrane fliter,antiroot

5. Drainage panel

6. Waterproof layer - Bentonite clay mat

7. Creation of slope layer (1%) Concrete

8. CLT panels

9. Double glulam beam (520x250mm)

10. Bolt

11. Anchor plate

12. King beam (Concrete)

13. Bolt

14. Cement floor reinforcement

15. Rammed earth

16. Tire

SECTION A-A’

SOURCES: CUBIERTAS VERDES. n.d. Tipos De Cubiertas: Detalles Constructivos. [online] Available at: <https://cubiertasverdesmedios.wordpress.com/ sistemas/detalles-constructivos/> [Accessed 16 April 2020].

Pacheco-Rivas, I., n.d. Beneficios, Funcionamiento Y Cómo Construir Un Techo Verde Abouthaus. [online] AboutHaus. Available at: <https://about-haus.com/ beneficios-construir-un-techo-verde/> [Accessed 16 April 2020].

Docplayer.es. 2020. GUÍA DE PLANIFICACIÓN. Sistemas Para Cubiertas Verdes Intensivas PDF Descargar Libre. [online] Available at: <https://docplayer. es/70710855-Guia-de-planificacion-sistemas-para-cubiertas-verdes-intensivas.html> [Accessed 19 April 2020].

Bauder.co.uk. n.d. Roof Gardens And Green Roofing Systems Bauder. [online] Available at: <https://www. bauder.co.uk/green-roofs> [Accessed 19 April 2020].

1. Ligthing and instalation

2. Double glulam beam (520x250mm)

3. Timber support

4. CLT panels (ceiling of the ground floor)

5. Green roof (480mm)

- TIRES RETAINING WALL MEETS GLULAM BEAM - CONSTRUCTION DETAIL 1:5 (A2) (FOR ORIGINAL REFER TO APPENDIX 2.6 @A2_1:5)

The north façade is the most public one, is the interface between the community and the centre of Rhayader, the main entrance gives access to the social space that articulate the diferents spaces of the building.

The BREAK_UP of the façade is done by the expansion joints of the materials. The pieces has the golden ratio, and the break-up of the windows as well. The height of all the pieces is 2.75m, coinciding with the situation of some of the beams that hide behind the façade and some of the doors and windows.

CARPENTRY

The carpentry is made of wood. It is place in front of the floor in the glazing of the courtyard, to have less risk of thermal bridge, looking for a design to obtain the lowest energy demand.

SOURCE: Lauret, B., 2018. Máster En Fachadas Tecnológicas Y Envolventes Sostenibles. [online] Masterfachadas.aq.upm.es. Available at: <http://masterfachadas. aq.upm.es/assets/muro-cortina-stick.pdf> [Accessed 25 April 2020].

The roof is accesible, for its maintenance, because the solar panels are located on the roof and the water collection is done on the roof; therefore there is a stair that goes up to the roof, but is not seen from the elevation, this is possible because of the height between the second floor (library) and the roof, that is 5m.

So it is possible to close the stair that gives access to the roof without being seen from the

The main entrance of the building is framing a view in the land scape, but you can not see that view in the first step, you have to turn to reach it. Then you can see the landscape through the metallic structure of the existing building.

1.Polivalent space/ Exposition

2.Computers room

3.Printing room

4.Pipes

5.Librarians reception

6.Librarias office

7.Toilets

8.Vertical comunication

9.Book storage

10.Double high (the reception)

11.Quiet zone - study zone

12.Courtyard

13.Group work zone

14.Seminar room

15.Instalations - Heat recovery ventilation

The library works independently from the first floor. That means that the cafe and the public spaces of the first floor can be open and use by everybody when the library and also the workshop in the ground floor are closed.

The cafe can be close also by a quite industral door, what makes possible that when the whole building is closed, just the cafe could be open to the public.

The different spaces can be very open, or they could be closed if is necessary to satisfy the different requirements for each moment.

View 1

View 2

Sketch. View 2

LEGEND

1.Training area

2.Office

3.Specific machines

4.Tables to work

5.Lockers

6.Polivalent space (diferent pratice depend on the courses)

7.Lobby

8.Courtyard

9.Toilets

10.Instalations - Boimass boiler

11.Showers

12.Vertical comunication

13.Corridor

14.Storage

15.Crane

16.Entrance

17.Entrance (will be the most of the time close)

18.Tank (water collection)

19.Heat pump

20.Recovered courtyard

21.Bench

22.Entrance to the buiding supplier tool

SOME MACHINES THAT WILL TAKE PLACE IN THE WORKSHOP

3. Foam cutting machine (Amazon,2020)

2. Cement mixer(Amazon,2020)

1. Timber cutting machine (Airmatic S.A. 2015) (Freepik company,2020)

LEGEND

1.Photovoltaic panels

2.Solar water heating

3.Collection of water

4.Courtyard

5.Vertical comunication

6.Expansion joint 7.Stairs