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Teaching of English Grammar and Communications
The Process of Communication Until about twenty years ago, the textbooks in the field of speech concentrated on the speaker's activities in preparing and presenting a speech, The fundamentals often considered included: Thought
Language
Voice Action
When they discussed "thought," the writers spoke of "purpose" in speech: to inform, to persuade, or to entertain. They asked the speaker to consider his audience in selecting materials to fulfil his purpose. Specialists began to work on the speech act. While their colleagues studied the history of rhetoric in the light of the classical canons : Inventio
Disposition
(Ideas and (Arrangement) materials)
Elocutio
Memoria
Pronuntiatio
(Style)
(Memory)
(Delivery)
The Scientists were saying that the act of transferring an idea from the mind of a speaker to the mind of a listener took place in five phases: Psychological
Physiological
Physical
Physiological Psychological
(Mind of speaker)
(Vocal mechanism)
(Air waves)
(hearing mechanism)
(Mind of auditor)
Each phase of the act came under scrutiny. The more they speculated, examined, tested, and pondered, the more important the auditor became in the formula. They selected a name for the behaviour which included his -communication. They labelled the area for study the "process of communication." Models were conceived, arranged, and described to depict the act. A simple early model offered: Speaker
Message
Listener
The speaker and the message are part of the same person. To reach the hearer, it was necessary to include: Speaker
Message
Medium
Listener
Now the scientists concentrated on the process from its be~g to its end, and they realized that it has no end. It is a