Proton Pump

Proton Pump The proton pump is present in the biofilm and is a membrane protein that actively transports H+ against the electrochemical potential difference (ΔΟH+) of H on both sides of the membrane. In a narrow sense, it refers to the decomposition of ATP to transport H+, or the synthesis of ATP by the energy of H. H+-. ATPase is present in mitochondria and chloroplasts and is the main means of obtaining energy in living organisms. Broadly, it also includes bacteriorhodopsin which directly converts light energy into transporting proton energy, and cytochrome c oxidase and NADH-NADP transhydrogenase which transport protons by electron transfer energy.

Reversible ATPase is capable of transporting H+ by reverse concentration driven by external energy. There are three enzyme complexes in the mitochondrial inner membrane respiratory chain with proton pump function, which can transport H+ from the inner cavity to the outer cavity. They are cytochrome c oxidase, coenzyme QH2-cytochrome c reductase, and NADH-coenzyme Q reductase. Proton pumps are common on the plasma membrane of bacteria, and some are accompanied by components of the respiratory chain. The bacteriorhodopsin on the halophilic membrane is driven by light, and H+ can be transported into the bacteria to concentrate.