Gpcr pathway

GPCR Pathway G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), also known as seven-(pass)-transmembrane domain receptors, are the largest family and most diverse group of membrane receptors in eukaryotes. In addition to cell surface, GPCRs are suggested to distribute in intracellular compounds including the endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, nuclear membrane and even inside the nucleus itself. There are hundreds of different GPCR proteins, which can bind to diverse set of ligands, including peptide hormones, neurotransmitters, neuropeptides, biogenic amines, amino acids, ions, chemokines, lipid-derived mediators, proteases peptides, proteins, photons and odor molecules.

Furthermore, there are orphan GPCRs whose endogenous ligand has not been identified. GRCPs, therefore, are involved in a wide variety of physiological and pathological processes, such as regulation of immune system activity and inflammation, autonomic nervous system transmission, behavioral and mood regulation, sensory transmission, homeostasis modulation and even growth and metastasis of several types of tumors. According to the pharmacological properties, GPCRs can be divided into four catalogs: the largest rhodopsin family, the secretion and adhesion family, the metabotropic glutamate family, and the frizzled family.

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