Tyndall Annual Report 2005

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University College Cork Coláiste na hOllscoile Corcaigh

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For further information contact us at: Tyndall National Institute, Lee Maltings, Cork, Ireland Tel: +353 (0)21 4904171 Fax: +353 (0)21 4270271 Email: info@tyndall.ie www.tyndall.ie

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N AT I O N A L D E V E L O P M E N T P L A N

EUROPEAN UNION STRUCTURAL FUNDS

www.tyndall.ie

From Atoms To Systems Generating Value From Research

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Contents Section 1:

Chairman’s Report .............................................................................................

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Section 2:

John Tyndall

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Section 3:

Tyndall Research Strategy ........................................................................

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3.1 Electronics

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3.2 Photonics ...................................................................................................... 12 3.3 ICT Research for Life Sciences .............................................. 14 3.4 Materials and Nanotechnology .......................................... 16 3.5 Theory and Simulation

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Section 4:

Industry Innovation Partnerships .................................................... 20

Section 5:

Central Research Fabrication Facilities ...................................... 26

Section 6:

National Access Programme

Section 7:

Outreach

Section 8:

International Partnerships

Section 9:

Tyndall Awards ...................................................................................................... 40

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...................................................................................................................... 34 ....................................................................... 36

Section 10: Financial.......................................................................................................................... 42 Section 11: Board Members ..................................................................................................... 44 Section 12: Publications .............................................................................................................. 46

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Tyndall builds on the established strengths and complementary research activities of the former NMRC and research groups within University College Cork (UCC) and the Cork Institute of Technology (CIT). It brings together in excess of 300 research scientists, engineers and students to create the largest ICT centre in Ireland, with extensive research facilities that will act as a focal point for the benefit of Irish industry and academia.

The vision of the Institute is to provide a combination of research excellence, support to Irish industry and academia and the ability to bring the results of research to the marketplace in areas of strategic importance to Ireland. In this regard, we will be judged by the impact of our work on society and industry and our ability to rapidly deliver value from the investments being made in our research.

Achieving value from research will be one of Tyndall’s strengths. We will achieve this through: - understanding the technology roadmaps of our industrial partners, allowing us to be informed regarding the most important problems facing our

Dr. Alastair Glass, Chairman.

industries, and recognising important advances in a timely manner. Close involvement of partners in the research is essential if Ireland is to gain a competitive advantage.

- maintaining a spectrum of research that spans both fundamental and applied research, in science and engineering, as each feeds off the other to generate new ideas.

- ensuring that intellectual property is identified and captured, but that there will be very low barriers to its exploitation in Ireland.

- partnering with IDA to attract inward investment in industrial R&D – an imperative for Ireland going forward. We will also assist Enterprise Ireland in the creation of industry clusters and a vibrant high technology indigenous sector.

Chairman’s Report

Named after John Tyndall, the 19th century Irish scientist, entrepreneur and educator, the Institute has been established with the objective of providing Ireland with a truly National capability for research and development in ICT, embracing electronics, photonics and nanotechnology as well as related technological areas such as the interface between the Life Sciences and ICT. These research programmes are supported by an outstanding set of facilities and a strong team working on semiconductor device processing and characterisation.

“The vision of Tyndall is to provide a combination of research excellence, support to Irish industry and academia and the ability to bring the results of research to the marketplace in areas of strategic importance to Ireland.”

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t gives me great pleasure to introduce the first Annual Report of the newly-formed Tyndall National Institute. Now one year old, the Institute is already making an impact as a truly National Institute for Information and Communications Technologies (ICT) as envisioned by the then Minister for Enterprise Trade and Employment , the Tánaiste, Mary Harney.

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Chairman’s Report new Institute and its Board, whilst ensuring that it adequately serves the needs of Ireland’s academic and industrial research communities. To be successful, it is essential that, despite this autonomy, Tyndall maintains a very close and seamless relationship with UCC.

- finally, if new commercial opportunities are identified where there is no commercial partner to seize the opportunity, Tyndall will seek to create new start-up companies with the assistance of Enterprise Ireland or other appropriate funding bodies.

During 2005, an interim strategic plan was developed (pending the arrival of the new CEO) which outlined the strengths and objectives of the Institute, and its intention to provide strong support for Irish academic bodies and Irish industry. We see industrial partnership as particularly important to help drive the research agenda toward areas of strategic importance to Ireland.

Deriving value from investment in research in terms of new opportunities for industry, new start-up companies, and acting as a magnet and catalyst for industrial R+D in Ireland is a central part of our mission.

Prof. Roger Whatmore, CEO, Tyndall.

Many of the future opportunities for economic growth lie at the interface between the traditional disciplines – electronics, photonics and the life sciences. The flexible Central Research Fabrication Facility at Tyndall supports all of these disciplines to permit integration of microsystems for applications in a broad range of industries, including medical, pharmaceutical, electronics, and communications.

During our first year, a number of steps have been taken to work toward this goal: - A governance structure has been put in place with a Board of Directors consisting of leaders of government, Irish industry and the international research community.

- A Memorandum of Understanding has been agreed between the Department of Enterprise Trade and Employment and UCC providing autonomy to the

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- After an extensive search, the Tyndall Board recently announced the appointment of Professor Roger Whatmore from Cranfield University to the position of CEO of the Institute. Roger has a strong background of industrial and academic research and is recognised internationally for his technical accomplishments and has built a strong nanotechnology research programme at Cranfield University. He is a Fellow of the Royal Academy of Engineering and, most importantly, Roger has excellent leadership skills and has the personality, ability and passion to make Tyndall one of the premier research institutes in Europe. It gives me great pleasure to welcome Roger to his new position.

- An important step in the ‘Nationalisation’ of Tyndall was the sponsorship, by Science Foundation Ireland, of a National Access Programme (NAP) which provides access for all Irish researchers to the extensive facilities at Tyndall. A committee of researchers from Irish universities and Institutes of Technology, chaired

by Prof. Brian McCraith of Dublin City University, manages the programme’s €2m annual budget to fund projects with Tyndall. With more than 50

- With Government investment of over €46m, the Lee Maltings complex will be considerably expanded and redeveloped to accommodate the growth of new programmes and partnerships. A development plan has commenced which will double Tyndall laboratory and office space to almost 16,000m2 by 2008. Much of the new space will consist of clean rooms for semiconductor and nanotechnology research, industrial research space and multi-user facilities that will permit access to Tyndall’s facilities to researches throughout Ireland.

programme to build relationships between researchers and the classroom, and have developed a number of exhibits to show children, young and old, that science and engineering is fun, and that there are rewarding career opportunities for those educated in scientific and engineering disciplines.

new opportunities for Ireland’s economic growth.

Tyndall will do this through: close partnership with industry and academia, by maintaining high standards of excellence in science and engineering, and by providing a high quality environment for the training of the next generation of scientists and engineers.

Tyndall will be a Centre of Excellence in Information and Communications Technology, recognised internationally for the quality of its research and the ability to create

_______________________________ Alastair M. Glass, Chairman

Tyndall has also expanded its outreach activities to inspire the next generation of scientists and engineers who are currently in the school system. We work with second-level science teachers through the SFI STARS

Chairman’s Report

Equally important is the educational mission of Tyndall.

By 2010, we expect to double the number of PhD and Masters students in Tyndall to at least 150. Each of these students will be registered within an academic body such as UCC or CIT, and carry out their research within Tyndall to make full use of the facilities and the critical mass of scientists and engineers in a multi-disciplinary environment.

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projects funded during the year, this programme is already recognised as having a catalytic impact on expanding the scope and capabilities of research teams around Ireland, as well as enabling partnerships and synergies which link all of Irish academia.

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Tyndall Board of Directors

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John Tyndall

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“The Tyndall Effect - the phenomenon by which light is scattered by very small particles in its path; it makes a beam of light visible - the scattered light is mainly a blue optical phenomenon”

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Born in Leighlinbridge, County Carlow, into humble circumstances (his father was a local Irish constabulary), Tyndall was educated locally. On leaving school, he joined the Ordnance Survey in Carlow and subsequently moved to Youghal, County Cork and then to England.

Passionate about self-teaching and learning, Tyndall became involved in the establishment of the first ever practical programme of science and engineering education in 1847. Doctoral studies in Marburg, Germany followed two years later and, in 1853, Tyndall was appointed to the Chair of Natural Philosophy at the Royal Institution in London. A friendship with Michael Faraday developed from this point, and Tyndall contributed a biographical study of the great scientist.

Following Faraday’s death in 1867, Tyndall succeeded him as superintendent of the Royal Institute.

Tyndall's own achievements extend across many fields.

He developed a method of controlling the transmission of light waves in water jets, a principle that underlies fiber-optic based communications today.

His work on the behaviour of different gases helped to lay the foundations of meteorology, and he was the first to put forward a scientific explanation for why the sky is blue. He also developed a system of sterilisation, now

In 1853, Tyndall was appointed to the Chair of Natural Philosophy at the Royal Institution in London.

called Tyndallisation, which enabled Louis Pasteur, with whom he shared a lengthy correspondence, to debunk the then-fashionable theory of spontaneous generation of microorganisms.

Tyndall's journey, from a small village in rural Ireland to the heart of the British science establishment, is a testament to his lifelong dedication to learning, to his considerable intellectual powers and, perhaps most of all, to his indomitable spirit.

John Tyndall

ohn Tyndall (1820-1893) remains an iconic figure in the world of science. One of the great public intellectuals of the latter half of the nineteenth century, he made seminal contributions to a range of disciplines, including optoelectronics, spectroscopy, atmospheric physics and bacteriology. He played foundational roles in the development of science in education and in the development of science as a profession. He was a gifted orator and a passionate communicator of science. Along with his peers, Thomas Henry Huxley and Charles Darwin, he was a powerful and controversial advocate of a humanistic, rationalist philosophy that challenged the prevailing religious dogma of the day and led him into direct conflict with the established church.

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“A central theme of Tyndall’s research activities will be the design, integration, assembly and packaging of both hybrid and monolithic microsystems on silicon or compound semiconductor platforms, to prototype functional subsystems for the ICT, biotechnology and medical device industries” backgrounds and expertise, to work together on common objectives. These people will come from all over Ireland and, indeed, the rest of the world, presenting a powerful source of innovation to assist the development of the Irish economy.

It is well established that a strong underpinning of the fundamental sciences, both theoretical and experimental, is essential for effectiveness in applied research.

To accomplish our goals, it is critical that Tyndall undertakes a research and development programme that spans both the near and long-term, covering both fundamental and applied research topics.

A cornerstone of achieving our goal of delivering value from research will be our ability to understand the technology and product roadmaps of our multinational and indigenous partners, allowing us to be informed about the most important technological challenges facing our industries, and to recognise important advances in a timely manner. The close-involvement of our industry partners, both in informing our research agenda and in collaborating on the research, is essential if Ireland is to gain a long-term competitive advantage.

A continuous “cross-pollination” of fundamental and applied research can best be obtained by bringing together people with a wide variety of technological

Going forward, Tyndall’s research strategy will be built upon the exploitation of the synergies between our scientific and technological strengths, and especially

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yndall represents the largest community in Ireland of research scientists and engineers in the areas of electronics and photonics, underpinned by cutting-edge research in materials and nanotechnology and coupled with an advanced theoretical and practical understanding of materials, devices and systems. We have researchers working here who are based in University College Cork (UCC), Cork Institute of Technology (CIT) and other Irish research groups. The work is supported by an outstanding set of facilities and people working on semiconductor device processing and characterisation. In addition, a strong multidisciplinary team at the ICT/Life Sciences interface has been established to take advantage of the Institute’s expertise to address emerging challenges in biotechnology and the medical and life sciences. This combination of strengths across traditional disciplines offers a huge advantage for innovation at the boundaries of the different research fields.

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Tyndall Research Strategy

the ability to rapidly prototype new device and system concepts by virtue of our flexible central research fabrication facility. A central theme of our research activities will be the design, integration, assembly and packaging of both hybrid and monolithic microsystems on silicon or compound semiconductor platforms, to enable the prototyping of functional subsystems for the ICT, biotechnology and medical device industries. The techniques developed will be common to electronic, photonic and bio-chemical microsystems and will be reusable across the disciplines. Tyndall’s strengths in theory, materials, devices and systems research will be essential contributors toward this goal, and will lead to advanced device and system concepts and designs.

The culture we intend to develop at Tyndall is one of close interaction and “joined-up thinking” between the different research groups working here, to capitalise on our strengths and diversity.

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Electronics

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he last few decades have seen a continuous, and quite remarkable, level of miniaturisation of electronic circuits. This has resulted in the large-scale integration of information and communications technology. The consequence of this is that almost everyone has access to (and largely takes for granted) a level of data processing power and accessibility to information that was inconceivable only a few years ago.

The next decade will see a dramatic move away from this computer/information-centric world to a more person-centric approach. This will be driven by the rapid emergence of low cost, intelligent sensors and their widespread deployment throughout the environment. This person-centric world, referred to as “Ambient Intelligence” or “Smart Environments”, will be based on wireless sensor network technologies. It will have millions of sensors embedded throughout our environment and is expected to dramatically improve the quality of our lives in terms of our environment, health-care, security, comfort, education and entertainment.

In the health arena, wireless sensor networks will enable point-of-care diagnostics and provide the data input to e-health and personal health management systems that will enable community-based, primary healthcare programmes. This will reduce the spiralling costs of our health-care system. Intelligent body area networks (BAN) will support the evolution of wearable devices to

improve fitness, well-being and homecare (Ambient Assisted Living). In relation to our environment, remote wireless monitoring will play a key role in sustainable development of natural resources in the context of environmental monitoring, sustainable agriculture and energy management To enable the low cost development of wireless sensor networks, we are now seeing the emergence of hardware technology platforms based on heterogeneous

integration or systems-in-package (SIP) as well as postCMOS processing to increase silicon functionality in the arena of system-on-chip (SOC). Tyndall has significant strengths in both these platforms with extensive expertise in 3D functional integration and with flexible fabrication facilities that enable the integration of novel materials and devices delivering silicon-based solutions incorporating RF MEMS, magnetics, photonics, energy sources, bio- and chemical sensors and neural interfaces.

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ec E Thin film inductors and transformers on silicon with electroplated magnetic layers.

Thin film micropackaging of MEMS switch.

Wireless Sensor Networks

Power Supply on Chip

From a technology perspective, intelligent sensors will be miniaturised wireless devices that will integrate the functions of sensing, signal and data processing, communications and power. The Ambient Electronics research team, led by Cian Ó Mathúna and his colleagues, John Barton and Brendan O’Flynn, is developing miniaturised 3-D autonomous, wireless sensor modules (with dimensions of 25mm, 10mm, 5mm cube and the ultimate 1mm “intelligent seed”). These offer a unique level of modularity, design flexibility and robustness for applications in e-health and sustainable development. During the year, the team has produced a miniaturised, wireless inertial measurement unit, incorporating accelerometers, gyroscopes and magnetometers, which can deliver six-degrees-of-freedom orientation data as well as location data in a 25mm cube. They are being investigated in applications as diverse as homecare for the elderly and expressive dance.

A major challenge in the miniaturisation of power management systems is the integratation of magnetics on silicon to deliver the concept of a power supply on chip function (PSOC). Cian Ó Mathúna, and colleagues Terence O’Donnell, Paul McCloskey and Saibal Roy, have made have made significant progress in this area.

The team, with one of its partners, Dartmouth College in the USA, recently reported the first microfabricated coupled-inductor, an on-chip coupled inductor in a low voltage (1V) dc-dc converter. This development will be important in enabling IC designers to maintain ongoing decreases in microprocessor operating voltages, which are predicted to fall to less than 1V by 2010. An on-chip power converter, with integrated magnetics, beside the processor, represents one solution to the problem caused by the voltage drops that would otherwise occur in the interconnect between the power supply and the processor.

Zero-Level Micropackaging for MEMS The fragile nature of 3D, micromachined, silicon components such as switches, varactors and resonators (MEMS) means that handling and packaging of such devices poses a complex and expensive problem. As a possible solution to this, Conor O’Mahony and his colleagues have patented a novel, low-temperature technique for the packaging of metallic MEMS components at the wafer scale, prior to die singulation. The package is constructed by surface micromachining a thin and hollow shell over the system in question, thereby encapsulating the MEMS device within a protective cavity.

Such a ‘zero-level’ package removes the need for intermediate protection of the structure before dicing and handling of the wafer, and also enables the bare die to be flip-chipped onto a substrate without the need for expensive chip level packaging.

Tyndall Research Strategy

Tyndall Motes incorporating 3-D inertial measurement unit.

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Photonics

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ptoelectronic or photonic technologies influence our lives today in a way that we could never have imagined just a few decades ago. Optics now enables several of the largest global industries such as fiber-optic communications, optical sensing, solar energy conversion and LED lighting. It has enabled huge advances in health-care and life sciences and in the chemical, electronic, aerospace and automotive manufacturing industries. In the coming decades, photonics will play an even more important role as systems integrating photonics, electronics and bio-chemical/analytical functions become ubiquitous in the global society.

The establishment of Tyndall has enabled the creation of a critical mass of photonics research with more than 60 staff and students spanning activities ranging from quantum optics, photonic components and subsystems to optical communications systems. Many of Tyndall’s photonics researchers are recognised worldwide for their accomplishments. The photonics activity has been greatly enhanced by the addition of a Photonic Systems Group, led by Prof. David Cotter, originally based in the former Corning Research Labs. in the UK. At the start of 2005, this team moved into a new photonics building with over 1000m2 of world class facilities in which to further build this capability.

Because of the ubiquitous application of photonic components, the field is now entering a new phase in which cost reduction will be achieved by designing

monolithic and hybrid optical and electro-optical subsystems on platforms that are reusable across different applications and industries to support high volume manufacture. At Tyndall, we already have expertise in many of the skills necessary to develop these new

technologies, namely: materials, design, assembly, interconnection, packaging and silicon microsystems fabrication. The integration of these skills into a total photonics systems capability will be a key aspect of the strategic plan for Tyndall’s future.

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ec E High efficiency red LED used in data-communications.

10 Gbit/sec optical modulator for deep reach optical fibre acceess.

An Improved Approach to HighCapacity Fiber Communications

High Efficiency Light Emitting Diodes

10 Gbit/sec Deep Reach Optical Fibre Access

The requirement to maximise the use of our installed fibre-optic network means that modern, long-distance, fiber-optic communication systems transmit many wavelengths of light. Each wavelength, or channel, carries 10 or 40 Gigabits per second of information and requires a separate laser to generate the light. However, data transmission can be impaired by interference between neighbouring channels. To overcome this problem, Coherent Wavelength Division Multiplexing (CoWDM), has been invented and demonstrated at Tyndall by the Photonic Systems Group under Andrew Ellis. In this, the wavelength channels are transmitted with precisely controlled relative optical phases, minimising the interference between adjacent channels and allowing closer channel spacing. In contrast with other approaches, CoWDM also provides a high information spectral density (the amount of information that can be transmitted for a given optical bandwidth) with a simpler, lower-cost transmitter design. In the Tyndall labs, 1.5 Terabits per second have been transmitted over 80 km of standard single mode fibre with an overall spectral density approaching 1 bit/s/Hz, the highest information transmission rate ever demonstrated in a fibre-optic network (for non-return-to-zero data format).

Light emitting diodes (LEDs) efficiently convert electricity into light, but the usable light coming out of the device is greatly reduced by total internal reflection within the diode. Brian Corbett and his team have shown that, by judiciously shaping the LED using a proprietary, but simple, manufacturing process, the brightness of the devices can be increased seven fold. Already these devices show an external efficiency of 28% in a well defined beam of 1 steradian numerical aperture. With further materials optimisation over the coming year, Corbett estimates the achievable external efficiency to approach 70% – an advance that would significantly impact the emerging use of LEDs in general electric lighting applications. Furthermore, these visible LEDs are expected to have high modulation bandwidth and, combined with their high coupling efficiency to optical fibres, make these devices suitable for power efficient, low-cost plastic optical fibre (POF) based data-communications for use in automotive and in-home networks.

Consumer demand for broadband internet access, multiple TV channels and, in the future, high definition TV is presenting a major challenge for telecom service providers to reduce the cost of delivering an everincreasing information bandwidth to their customers.

A team of Tyndall researchers, led by Paul Townsend, has demonstrated a new type of passive optical network (PON) that can connect large numbers of homes and offices at speeds up to 10Gb/s over a 100km reach (current broadband to Irish homes is limited to a maximum of 3Mb/s). The underlying concept is to extend Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing (DWDM) technology, normally only found in long-reach (i.e. intercity and international), backbone networks, right out to the customer in both the home and in the office.

This demonstration could have a profound impact on the architecture of future communications networks, as substantial savings in both capital and operating costs result from the reduction of equipment in local exchanges.

Tyndall Research Strategy

High speed splitters and delays for CoWDM.

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ICT Research for Life Sciences

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echnologies that have been traditionally developed for application in the Information and Communications Technology (ICT) industries are now poised to have a major impact in the medical device industry (in both diagnostics and therapeutics), telemedicine, and point-of-care services, and in the pharmaceutical industry for applications in gene sequencing, drug delivery, pathogen detection and numerous other applications.

Tyndall is well positioned to make a major impact in this field with research exploring the use of microand nano- technologies (MNT) for the monitoring and manipulation of biosystems at the molecular and cellular levels. The availability, in Tyndall, of advanced MNT fabrication and integration facilities allows the development of microsystems that bring the benefits of miniaturisation, precision, parallelism, and added functionality to medical and biological applications.

The Tyndall expertise and achievements in this area spans the molecular scale from small ions and molecules through the larger bio-macromolecules of interest in modern biology and biotechnology, to cellular interactions with electronic devices. This activity is necessarily multidisciplinary and encompasses some 40 researchers with backgrounds in chemistry, microbiology, zoology, physics, electrical and mechanical engineering.

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ec E Silicon Microneedle Array.

DNA chips for future point-of-care diagnostics.

Liquid-liquid electrochemical cell.

Pain-free Microneedles

Point-of-care Genetic Microsystems

Enhanced sensitivity/selectivity detection of disease markers in human blood

Point-of-care diagnostics is of major importance worldwide because of the capabilities it brings for advanced warning of disease and rapid decision-making regarding therapeutics. Paul Galvin is leading research into DNA diagnostics, taking the many advantages of miniaturisation with silicon technology and deploying it within microsystems for rapid detection of genetic disorders and harmful bioagents. Genetic analysis has been demonstrated, by Galvin and his team, on novel magnetic and optical microsensor platforms. Low-cost microfluidic actuation devices have also been developed that enable transport of microlitre droplets within disposable cartridges. These biological microsystem platforms are the basis for performing future complex diagnostics in an outpatient, general practitioner or home-based environment.

Electrochemical measurements offer powerful ways to measure very small concentrations of drugs and disease marker proteins in human blood. By exploring unusual electrochemical processes that occur at oil-water interfaces, Damien Arrigan leads a team which has shown that excellent chemical selectivity can be obtained for the detection of the neurotransmitter dopamine in the presence of vitamin C, a task that is very difficult with regular electrochemical interfaces. By combining this selective behaviour with microfabricated porous silicon membranes, the Tyndall researchers have demonstrated increased sensitivity of detection while maintaining excellent selectivity. This combination of unusual electrochemical processes with micro and nano-scale devices is being further explored for early disease diagnosis and bio-monitoring.

Tyndall Research Strategy

Anthony Morrissey is leading research into the fabrication of microneedles using silicon technology for the electrotherapy of cancer tumours, in collaboration with the Cork Cancer Research Centre (CCRC), and for the painless delivery of DNA vaccines to human skin tissue, in collaboration with Cardiff University School of Pharmacy. Recent experiments have demonstrated, for the first time, the ability to express genes in viable human skin following microneedle-assisted delivery of plasmid DNA. Using standard silicon microsystems technology, arrays of high-precision, silicon microneedles have been fabricated with the required length, strength and smoothness for reliable application. Using an etched silicon master, Dr. Morrissey and his research colleagues were also able to replicate the required properties in polymer materials to produce disposable devices at low cost. When fully developed, we expect these devices to find broad clinical application because of the absence of pain and low damage to tissue as well as the ability to integrate them with electronics, sensors and microfluidic technologies.

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Materials and Nanotechnology

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urrent CMOS development is driven by “Moore’s Law”, which says that performance will double every 18 months. It is predicted that this progress will, towards the end of the next decade, hit a barrier dictated by the physics of electron transport, This will lead us into a new era of “Beyond CMOS”, in which further developments in ICT will be critically dependent on advances in novel nano-scale materials, structures and devices. Research in this area, with critical dimensions on a scale of 1 to 100 nm, will lead to materials with properties and functionality not achievable by conventional materials. These will enable the ICT industry to overcome the limitations imposed by our current technologies.

With more than 50 active researchers and students, materials and nanotechnology research at Tyndall is focused on exploring the synthesis and fabrication of functional materials and nanostructures for future nanoelectronic devices and subsystems. Techniques being investigated include a range of novel nanoscale deposition techniques including direct chemical synthesis, molecular self-assembly, nanopatterning, the use of supercritical fluids to prepare nanowires and nanocomposites, photo/laser assisted processing and a range of novel nanoscale deposition techniques. Strong linkage between the materials research and theory is exemplified by the work on simulation of nanofabrication processes considering the behaviour of polymers below 10 nm, transport phenomena across interfaces between

molecular wires and silicon substrates, the description of the electronic band structures of 1-, 2-, and 3- dimensional nanostructures and of quasi-crystal and photonic crystal device modeling.

In addition to the research areas highlighted below, fundamental electronics research, such as the modified electron-phonon interaction in nanostructures, has

recently been initiated as it has a direct impact on heat conduction in nanoscale devices and can be used to advantage in device packaging.

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ec E Measurement data from laser emission from a single polymer nanowire.

TEM image of low-k dielectric film.

Synthetic opal deposited on glass slide by the LB method for use as photonic crystals.

Organic Semiconductor Nanowires

area through Paul Hurley, who has recently received SFI funding to extend his work on high dielectric constant materials towards a greater understanding and control of electrically-active defects at the silicon/dielectric interface. This complements other Tyndall research activities being undertaken by Simon Elliott and Martyn Pemble in modelling and growth of high-k films by atomic layer deposition (ALD).

promise, exhibiting low dielectric constant (around 2), low leakage currents and minimal breakdown at working voltages.

High-k Dielectrics on Silicon As the pursuit of Moore’s Law drives the ongoing shrinking of CMOS devices, the silicon gate oxide gets so thin that electrons can tunnel straight through it (quantum mechanical tunnelling), effectively resulting in the oxide ceasing to be an insulator. A higher permittivity (high K) dielectric material means that the oxide can be thicker for a given gate capacitance, reducing the tunnelling problem. Tyndall has developed a leading position in this

Low-k Dielectrics on Silicon In contrast to the high-k dielectric issue, the insulator separating the conductor lines on the silicon chip needs to have as low a permittivity as possible. This is because the higher the capacitance between the conductor tracks, the slower the electrical signals propagate, and the greater the interference or cross-talk between the signals, both major issues for high speed silicon chips.

Working in collaboration with Intel, Michael Morris, who is also a member of the SFI-funded Centre for Research in Adaptive Nanostructures and Nanodevices (CRANN), has produced a low-k dielectric material based upon meso-porous silica. The material developed, unlike standard porous silica, is particularly tough and durable, and can be grown in an oriented fashion on silicon wafers. Its dielectric properties have shown great

Photonic Crystals Photonic crystal (PhC) structures hold out great promise as a means of miniaturising future optical circuits by several orders of magnitude, furthering the development of all-optical integrated circuitry. The semi-precious stone, opal, is a naturally-occurring PhC in which tiny spheres of silica have become stacked into an ordered structure so that the stone scatters different colours of light in different directions. Current research at Tyndall is making different types of synthetic PhC’s, including opal-like structures formed from colloidal particles via elegant self-assembly processes. Researchers at Tyndall, led by Clivia Sotomayor Torres and Martyn Pemble, have recently shown that PhCs can be used to control light emission from sources with highly luminescent nanoparticles inside thin films capped by PhCs. Novel approaches to produce photonic crystals with significantly improved quality have also been identified using convective crystallisation of colloidal 3-dimensional PhCs in trenches of patterned silicon wafers and Langmuir-Blodgett assembly of (2+1)-D PhCs.

Tyndall Research Strategy

Semiconductor nanowires are an emerging class of nanostructures representing attractive building blocks for future nanoscale electronic and photonic devices.

However, while inorganic materials have been explored in depth, the challenge of fabricating organic nanodevices has yet to be addressed. The Nanotechnology Group, led by Gareth Redmond, has developed methods to create new organic semiconductor nanowires, and to assemble these novel wires into integrated nanodevices.

The Group has successfully demonstrated nano-electrical conduction and photodetection, nano-optical effects such as waveguiding, lasing and polarised light emission. These devices are expected to find many applications in future information processing and sensing.

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Theory and Simulation

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heory and Simulation research activity at Tyndall is geared both to develop a fundamental understanding of the properties of materials and devices, and to apply that understanding to the design and development of novel electronic and photonic devices. This unique approach is stimulated, not just by challenges posed by the fundamentals of materials and physics, but also by the device possibilities of these materials, and the application requirements of collaborators both within and outside Tyndall.

Currently, over 40 researchers are engaged in theoretical work that ranges from the atomic scale to systems level, and encompasses activities in materials theory; photonics theory; device design; package level integration; and the development of powerful software tools that underpin the design of novel components. Device modelling by Tyndall researchers has enabled the design of leading visible emitters for an Irish start-up company, the optimisation of telecommunications lasers for major international companies, the invention of a novel semiconductor device architecture under evaluation by industry, as well as the design of reliable packaging for these devices.

Miniaturisation, the driving force of the ICT sector, is now approaching its theoretical limits, as individual components, such as transistors, are fabricated at a scale of tens of nanometers, a level of resolution at which quantum effects become significant and current silicon processes

approach their intrinsic limits. It is anticipated that, within 10 to 15 years, commercial circuits will be using transistors that will be on the scale of a single molecule.

Theoretical researchers at Tyndall are playing a major role in exploring these limits, by understanding the quantum effects to describe current flow through individual molecules, by predicting and analysing the benefits

and drawbacks of new materials combinations (such as high-K dielectrics on silicon) but also by exploring materials which may shift paradigms, such as silicon nanowires and spintronics based on C60 molecules.

Furthermore, a theoretical understanding of how to electrically interface to molecular scale systems will enable Tyndall research efforts in nanoelectronic and biological system design.

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ec E A schematic from an FEM simulation of a stabilised silicon nitride-patterned membrane used for nanostencil lithograhy.

Optical emission spectrum of a laser designed to emit at two separate wavelengths.

Nanoscale Electronics

Nanostencil Lithography

Modern electronics has progressed to a point whereby the individual components making up the ubiquitous silicon chip will be on the scale of a single molecule, essentially approaching the atomic limits of miniaturisation. Reported measurements of electric currents flowing across single molecules have been plagued by issues of reproducibility and controversies as to whether the measurements describe current flow across one, two or several molecules. Furthermore, theoretical methods were simply unable to predict the flow of electric current on the scale of a single molecule. Tyndall researchers, led by Jim Greer, have re-formulated one of the most powerful methods used in quantum chemistry, the so-called configuration interaction method, to enable an accurate description of the electronic structure of a molecule in the presence of current. The method agrees well with experiment and may be applied to unravel some of the discrepancies between various measurements. Equally important, this simulation approach allows the study of quantum-scale electronics, which is essential in gaining an understanding of how to perform computations and to deliver the result to the macroscopic world of a computer user.

With the emergence of biochip technologies and the integration of bio-chemical sensing onto silicon chips, there is demand for micro- and nanometer-scale selective deposition of biological samples and other process sensitive materials. This requires a "soft" deposition method that does not disturb the underlying materials already present on a wafer. Designers at Tyndall have been working with fabrication engineers at EPFL in Switzerland on a particularly non-disruptive selective deposition technique, nanostencilling. Nanostencilling allows for a low temperature deposition through a thin, patterned membrane or "stencil". For reliable pattern transfer (i.e. to avoid blurring of the pattern), it is crucial to avoid distortions to the stencil during fabrication and subsequent deposition process steps. At Tyndall, Maryna Lishchynska, has developed a means for designing high precision nano-stencils by suppressing thermomechanical deflections in the membrane. Simulations and experimental results confirm out-of-plane deformations can be reduced by up to 94%, enabling reliable and reproducible pattern transfer.

Design and Realisation of twocolour semiconductor lasers There are several techniques available to get semiconductor lasers to emit light at a single, well-defined frequency. It is considerably more difficult to design a laser that can emit at two different, pre-defined frequencies. Steve O’Brien in the Photonics Theory Group has developed a technique to achieve such emission, by placing a small number of perturbations at predetermined positions along a Fabry-PÊrot laser cavity.

Measurements confirm that the lasers emit at two frequencies, with a pre-determined frequency difference, and with beating between the two beams at frequencies of the order of a terahertz. This opens several important application areas, including room temperature generation of low-power terahertz signals, for which no simple technology is currently available, and which is of considerable interest for terahertz imaging in sensing and security applications.

Tyndall Research Strategy

An alkane molecular chain situated between two metal tips.

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Industry Innovation Partnerships ecent investment in Tyndall is an integral part of the Irish Government’s policy of making large-scale, strategic investment in advanced research to create value that will impact Ireland’s economy. Tyndall, working closely with Government agencies such as IDA (Investment Development Agency), Enterprise Ireland and Science Foundation Ireland (SFI), are targeting a number of key objectives:

“Tyndall will work with Government agencies such as IDA (Investment Development Agency), Enterprise Ireland and Science Foundation Ireland (SFI) to create value that will impact Ireland's economy”

- Provide a high quality environment for the training of the next generation of 4th-level scientists and engineers.

Silicon Devices/Post-CMOS Processing

- Establish close collaborations with industry in order to inform our research agenda and partner with them at an early stage of future research planning.

- Facilitate rapid transfer of knowledge, new technologies and discoveries to enable the development of next generation technology platforms.

- Facilitate international companies, in the early stages of establishing research organisations in Ireland, by providing industry R&D suites to enable them to place small teams in Tyndall and take advantage of the institute’s state-of-the-art facilities and critical mass of expertise.

- Support the establishment of early-stage start-up companies and maintain dedicated space to co-locate start-up companies near Tyndall facilities.

Tyndall’s silicon fabrication facilities offer significant flexibility to industry clients in terms of the capability to develop and process exotic materials, structures and devices on CMOS–compatible wafers, a key issue for subsequent technology transfer to high volume production foundries.

Intel Ireland With co-funding from Enterprise Ireland’s Innovation Partnership programme, Intel Ireland is now funding six PhD’s at Tyndall. The research topics being addressed range from advanced microelectronics materials for future CMOS technologies to the emerging area of convergence of microelectronics and microsystems encompassing magnetics on silicon, RF MEMS, microfluidics and photonic systems. All these projects are mentored by Intel engineering staff in Ireland and the US or UK. From L to R: Frank Turpin, Intel and Michael Phelan, Duolog at the Tyndall Industry briefing in Dublin.

At the launch of PEIG, the Irish Power Electronics Industry Group. From L to R: Cian Ó Mathúna (Tyndall), Micheal Martin, Minister for Enterprise Trade and Employment and Gary Duffy, Chairman of PEIG.

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Industry Innovation Partnerships University Spin-out Commercialises Mesoporous Materials Technology Co-founded by Michael Morris, Glantreo is commercialising a patented mesoporous materials technology.

The company is developing and supplying nano-sized materials, containing pore sizes between 1 nanometer (nm) and 20 nm, to the pharmaceutical industry which has a need for such materials to deliver drugs to, for example, the pores of tumours. To date, commercial applications of existing materials has been limited due to their low chemical and thermal robustness and stability. Glantreo adds stabilisers and uses controlled, sizeselective synthesis to make materials more chemically and thermally robust. This means the technology has

many potential applications including chromatography, catalysis, microbiology, adsorbents, controlled-release media and semiconductor insulation.

Ambient/Wireless Sensor Networks In the emerging area of wireless sensor networks, Tyndall is collaborating with academic and industry partners in developing large-scale case studies in Sustainable Development (environmental monitoring, food safety, horticulture and energy and resource management) and E-Health (wearable and in-vivo electronics for diagnostics and therapeutics).

Cratlon Ltd Cratlon Ltd is an Irish fabless semiconductor company developing innovative wireless sensor ICs for measuring and transmitting temperature, light and humidity readings. Cratlon is collaborating with the Circuits and Systems Research Centre at the University of Limerick and the Silicon Research team at Tyndall in the

Participants in Marine Institute/EPA program in advanced sensor systems for coastal and in-shore water quality monitoring. Clockwise from left: Dr. Fiona Regan, NCSR, DCU; John Alderman, Tyndall; Dr. Dmitri Papkovsky, UCC; Dr. Brian Donlon, EPA; Dr. John O’Flaherty, MAC; Dr. Eoin Sweeney, Marine Institute and Prof. Dermot Diamond, NCSR, DCU.

At the Tyndall Industry Briefing in Cork; from L to R: Paul Roseingrave, Tyndall, Kevin McCarthy, UCC and Colin Lyden, Analog Devices.

development of an integrated capacitive humidity sensor with an ADC converter in a single chip. The development of this technology will enable Cratlon to launch a range of innovative wireless sensor products.

Marine Institute / EPA By 2015, the European Water Framework Directive will require public authorities to implement systems for the regular monitoring of all fresh-water and coastal waters throughout Europe. As part of a €10m programme, co-funded by the Marine Institute and the Environmental Protection Agency, three projects have been funded to develop advanced sensor systems for coastal and inshore water quality monitoring. The projects involve collaborations between Tyndall, the Department of Zoology, Ecology and Plant Science, UCC; the National Centre for Sensors Research, Dublin City University; indigenous Irish companies MAC, Marine Informatics and Luxcel Biosciences as well as the South Western Regional Authority. Tyndall is participating in two of the projects: - the SMARTCOAST acitivity, led by Brendan O’Flynn, represents an important building block in the realisation of an 'environmental nervous system' composed

- John Alderman leads the miniaturised cytometer project looking at developing an autonmymous unit capable of toxic cell monitoring.

Tyndall Enables Irish Photonics Sector With significant Government investment in optoelectronics R&D since the early 1990’s, Tyndall has played a key role in helping to establish start-up companies in Ireland, providing support to a range of Tyndall spin-offs and other start-ups including: Eblana Photonics, Firecomms, Optical Metrology Innovations (OMI), NuaLight, Plasma Ireland, SensL Technologies.

Firecomms, a spin-off from the former NMRC, develops and manufactures visible light sources and sensors for medical equipment and next-generation consumer devices including automotive and home networks.

Firecomms’ innovative range of products are based on novel RCLED (Resonant Cavity Light Emitting Diodes) and VCSEL (Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Laser) devices which have been developed to enable

high-speed optical data transmission and capture. A Firecomms’ engineer is based at, and works with, Tyndall’s compound semiconductor fabrication team to develop new processes and carry out key production steps.

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of multiple wireless sensing nodes deployed as a 'sensor-net' capable of monitoring the spatial and temporal distribution of key water quality parameters such as temperature, pH, conductivity and dissolved oxygen.

SensL designs and manufactures a range of innovative silicon-based, low-light, imaging and photon-counting sensors, arrays and modules. Established to exploit over ten years of research at Tyndall, the company’s products include photon-counting detectors and large-area, high-gain avalanche photodiodes (APDs).

SensL's products provide a revolutionary alternative to the photomultiplier tube (PMT) which is currently used in applications such as biosensors, quantum cryptography, medical diagnostics, laboratory instrumentation, environmental monitoring and space exploration.

SensL operates a fabless business model and, during 2005, carried out its wafer processing operations in the Tyndall CMOS fabrication facility.

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Eblana Photonics, a spin-out from Trinity College Dublin, is a leader in the design and manufacture of low-cost, high-precision, laser products that will enable the required levels of photonics integration to drive the burgeoning rollout of Fibre-to-the-Person (FTTP) and Gigabit broadband Ethernet in Access, Enterprise and Metro communications applications. Tyndall is supporting Eblana through the pioneering work of Eoin O’Reilly and his Photonics Theory Group in the application of inverse scattering theory techniques in the design of single-mode and dual-mode FabryPerot lasers.

Testing and analysis of laser diodes.

Irish Industry Networks Following the recommendations of the Enterprise Strategy Group (O’Driscoll Report) in 2004, Enterprise Ireland is leading a strategic initiative to establish

At the Tyndall Industry briefing in Cork; from L to R: Michael Grufferty (Tyndall), John Lambkin, (Firecomms) Joe O’Keeffe (SensL) and Declan O’Mahoney (Firecomms).

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Industry Innovation Partnerships industry networks of indigenous SMEs, multinationals and academic research groups in areas such as IC design, power electronics, wireless sensor networks, photonics, nanotechnology, medical devices and biotechnology for diagnostics and process monitoring.

- Tyndall has played a key role in the establishment and running of these networks, particularly MIDAS (IC Design), PEIG (power electronics) and WiSEN (Wireless sensor networks). In response to a technology research agenda defined by PEIG (the Power Electronics Industry Group), Enterprise Ireland has launched a 3-year, €3.3m industry-led research programme to fund third-level research groups in the development of technology platforms for next

generation power management systems. The novelty of this programme is that PEIG member companies will engage from the beginning in the development of technologies such as magnetics-on-silicon for power supply on chip, digital control for power management, 3D packaging and advanced thermal management. Tyndall is one of the principal project partners along with Cork Institute of Technology, National University of Ireland, Galway, University College Cork and University of Limerick.

- Tyndall is represented by Gareth Redmond, Aidan Quinn and Paul Galvin in NanoIreland, an Irish government Technology Assessment exercise to identify investment options for the successful development and application of nanotechnology in Ireland. With three panels established in the areas of Nanobio, Nanomaterials and Nanoelectronics, the programme has initiated a consultation process that will engage with industry, academia, society and government to participate in the national decision making process to assess future national investment options.

Science Foundation Ireland Centres for Science and Engineering Technology (CSET) Centre for Telecommunications Value-Chain Research (CTVR) With Bell Labs Ireland as the key industrial partner, the CTVR CSET is focused on applying a multidisciplinary, value-chain perspective to research aimed at realising the next generation of telecommunications networks.

Led by Trinity College Dublin, the Centre brings together researchers from five Irish Universities. Frank Peters represents Tyndall as leader of the Photonics research strand which is focused on integrated photonics platforms, intelligent performance monitoring of photonic platforms and the study of “nano-grass” technology for the enhancement of thermal performance of advanced liquid micro-channel cooling systems.

Centre for Research on Adaptive Nanostructures and Nanodevices (CRANN) The goal of the CRANN CSET is to develop tools and techniques to probe and manipulate matter at the atomic and molecular levels to realise novel device functionality that will have an impact on next generation

From L to R: Jenny Patterson and Dr. Hans Mulder (Intel) and Brendan O’Neill (Tyndall) at the inaugural workshop of WiSEN, the industry network for wireless sensor networks.

Dickinson & Co., Enfer Technology Ltd., Hospira Inc. and Inverness Medical Innovations Inc. Tyndall’s role is in the area of research into surface engineering for novel biosensing applications.

microelectronics technologies and new drug delivery systems. CRANN combines the research strengths of world-leading scientists and research teams from the physics and chemistry departments at Trinity College Dublin, University College Dublin and University College Cork. Tyndall is represented by Michael Morris and Justin Holmes who are working closely with Intel, the key industrial partner who has invested €3m funding in this €22m programme.

Biomedical Diagnostics Institute Damien Arrigan is leading Tyndall’s input in the Biomedical Diagnostics Institute based at Dublin City University. With initial funding of €22m, including

Meeting of the research committee of the Irish Medical Devices Association hosted at Tyndall, January 2005.

Industry Innovation Partnerships

Mike Devane, Lucent Technologies speaking with Dr. Alastair Glass, during a CTVR CSET meeting at Tyndall.

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collaboration with Irish-based and foreign SMEs and MNCs, the Institute’s goal is to position Ireland to make a major breakthrough in the €20bn global diagnostics market through the development of revolutionary, miniaturised, self-diagnostic devices and sensors to provide early warning of debilitating illnesses such as cancer, diabetes and heart disease. The industrial partners include Amic AB, Analog Devices Inc., Becton

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The CRFF is ISO 9001 accredited and operates under industrial-standard cleanroom disciplines. The current silicon wafer-processing has a capability to below 1 micron features, with a JEOL electron beam system providing deep sub-micron lithography capability. The silicon clean-room is currently operating on 100mm substrates, but all recent equipment acquisitions are 150 or 200mm capable. In silicon and microsystems, there has been significant recent investment in enhanced etch, chemical-mechanical polish (CMP), polymer processing and wafer bonding.

The compound semiconductor fabrication facility has also had recent investment in enhanced etch, metal evaporation, improved lithography and dielectric sputtering. The laboratory will move to a new cleanroom within the new development and all equipment will have a minimum capability for 100mm wafers, the current industrial standard for compound semiconductor fabrication.

The strategic direction for the fabrication facilities is in the area of monolithic and heterogeneous integration of microsystems, providing increased chip-level functionality along with the development of processes to support these microsystems. Furthermore, the facilities, offer significant flexibility and are extensively used in the integration of novel materials, structures and devices

Micromachined variable capacitor.

on a range of platforms including standard CMOS, SOI-CMOS, III-V semiconductors and polymer. This functional integration of devices, such as RF MEMS switches, passives (inductors and capacitors), energy sources, sensors and magnetic materials, is augmenting the performance of silicon and extending its reach into many new application domains, including biomedical devices, environmental monitoring, automotive components and the broad, emerging area of System-on-Chip (SoC) devices. In the case of the compound semiconductor fab, the strategic plan is for increased capability in the area of light emitting devices, sub-millimetre wave devices and terahertz circuits. There is also a move to increased integration and interconnect capability for photonic systems.

Central Research Fabrication Facilities

As well as providing a strategic resource for Tyndall researchers, the CRFF has been a critical contributor to all of the start-up companies that have come from the Institute’s research. It continues to be an essential support facility for these and other Irish companies requiring semiconductor process development to enhance their competitiveness. Furthermore, in the context of the SFI-funded National Access Programme (NAP), the CRFF, with the only full fabrication research facility in Ireland, has provided an invaluable resource for researchers throughout the country.

“The strategic direction for Tyndall’s fabrication facilities is in the area of monolithic and heterogeneous integration of microsystems, providing increased chip-level functionality along with the development of processes to support these microsystems.”

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he processing of silicon and compound semiconductor wafers and the fabrication of semiconductor devices and structures is central to the research activities of Tyndall. Brendan O’Neill, and his staff in the Central Research Fabrication Facilities (CRFF), provide the processes and technology platforms that enable and enhance the activities of Tyndall researchers and our industrial and academic partners.

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TEM of HfO2 high-k dielectric film.

Dimpled surface of an RF MEMS capacitor for improved reliability.

An array of polymer microneedles fabricated from a KOHetched silicon master.

Formation of high-k thin films by e-beam and ion assisted e-beam evaporation

Surface Machined Dimples in MEMS Capacitors

Polymer Microneedles

As CMOS devices continue to shrink, quantum mechanical tunnelling effects in thin gate oxides is driving the development of higher permittivity (high K) dielectric materials. During 2005 research has been performed into the formation and defect characterisation of HfO2 thin films formed by e-beam and ion-assisted, e-beam evaporation. HfO2 layers (2.5nm-6nm) have been deposited on n and p-type (100)silicon surfaces at 150ºC from HfO2 monoclinic pellets using (i) e-beam evaporation, (ii) plasma assisted e-beam evaporation with low energy Ar-ion bombardment and (iii) a two stage process combining (i) and (ii). Through process modifications, the interface SiOx has been minimised, and an equivalent oxide thickness (Eot) of 0.9nm has been obtained.

Researchers at Tyndall have added a module to the inhouse surface micromachining process that allows the designer to control the microtopography of the lower surface of the micromechanical structure. An example of this new feature is the formation of sub-micron metallic ‘dimples’ that may be used to increase the lifetime and reliability of touch-mode micromechanical systems such as switches, improve the sensitivity of high-frequency resonators and tunable capacitors, or define conduction paths for ohmic switches. Using electrostatic forces, the movable microcomponent may be lowered until it rests on these dimples, instead of on the underlying electrode as is usually the case. Depending on processing parameters, the dimples are 2 microns in diameter and range in height from 300nm to 1000nm.

Polymer microneedle arrays, with a needle height of 280μm, have been produced within Tyndall's CRFF laboratories for use in various biomedical microdevice applications such as transdermal delivery of therapeutic agents. A silicon microneedle array was first fabricated using a wet etch (KOH) process, which yields a robust needle structure with extremely smooth surfaces due to the crystal plane-dependant etching process. Using a micromoulding process, this silicon master is then replicated in the polymeric material. Choosing a biocompatible material of sufficient robustness means that a low cost, disposable microneedle array is produced, ideally suited to application in the future medical device industry.

Integration of Gallium Nitride LED array and CMOS Driver IC

Photonic Crystal Fabrication

A technological platform has been developed demonstrating the integration of an addressable LED array and CMOS driver IC. The Compound Semiconductor Laboratory fabricated the Gallium Nitride LED array, and the CMOS driver was fabricated in the Silicon Fabrication facility. The LED array was flip-chip bonded onto the CMOS driver IC using Au-Au bonding. Possible applications of the technology are in display, projection, communications and biomedical applications.

Photonic crystal (PhC) structures hold out great promise as a means of miniaturising optical circuits by several orders of magnitude. One strategy to realise PhCs consists of etching 2 dimensional arrays of air-holes in a semiconductor that provides the high refractive index contrast necessary to realise important optical functions.

The process has been developed using electron beam lithography and inductively coupled plasma (ICP) etching in III-V materials.

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Engineer operating the FTS AFE/AOE deep trench etch tool.

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Photonic crystals formed in a quantum dot structure.

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An LED flip-chip bonded to a CMOS driver circuit in a DIL package.

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“By stimulating contact between researchers from different institutions and from different disciplines, the NAP programme is already seen to be having a catalytic impact on third-level research collaboration in Ireland.”

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The programme, in its first year of operation, received €2m in funding from SFI to provide Ireland’s third level researchers with financial support to enable structured access to Tyndall’s facilities and expertise not available in their home institutions.

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NAP project breakdown

by Tyndall Group

Breakdown, by institute, of approved projects in 2005.

National Access Programme

The programme is designed to assist Science Foundation Ireland (SFI) in deriving greater value from its considerable investments in ICT research infrastructure by avoiding unnecessary duplication in research facilities and by maximising the utilisation of the existing installed equipment base.

The need for such an initiative has already been confirmed by the strong response to its introduction with a total of 70 proposals received in the first year, of which 53 projects have been approved and are either underway or completed.

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he National Access Programme at Tyndall represents an ambitious initiative to build 'an institute without walls’ - a national, collaborative effort to strengthen Ireland's overall ICT research standing and to enhance Ireland’s growing international reputation as a leading ICT research location.

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National Access Programme

Prof. Brian McCraith, Chairman NAP Steering Committee

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National Access Programme An external committee, drawn from senior academic researchers in the participating third level institutions, and chaired by Professor Brian McCraith (Dublin City University), is responsible for overseeing the programme and approving individual project proposals on the basis of scientific merit. An SFI review of the inaugural year of the programme, through an external review panel, was very positive and the programme was very highly rated.

By stimulating contact between researchers from different institutions and from different disciplines, the programme is already seen to be having a catalytic impact on third-level research collaboration in Ireland, sparking new research collaborations and leading to the

development of new interdisciplinary research initiatives that will boost Ireland's competitive standing in emerging technologies.

A dedicated team at Tyndall manages and promotes the programme through visits to participating institutions, hosting visits, open-days, laboratory tours at Tyndall and through assisting applicants in establishing contacts with relevant Tyndall researchers and technical staff to help convert ideas into proposals.

Over the coming years, it is anticipated that the programme will play an increasingly important role in fostering a genuinely co-operative ICT research environment across Ireland and deepening the technical capabilities of the country's ICT research community.

Tyndall Motes – 25mm and 10mm modules, used extensively by NAP projects in 2005.

Rachit Agarwal testing the micro controller layer of a wireless sensor network module.

NAP Project No. 6:

NAP Project No. 28:

NAP Project No. 4:

Nanowires and Nano-contacts

Micro Radial Flow Fan Rotor Fabrication

Fault Tolerance and Low Power Cryptography in Wireless Sensor Networks

Semiconductor nanowires are seen by the electronics industry as the building blocks for future nanoscale devices. However, there are many issues to be understood including the physics and chemistry of the nanowires as well as how their behaviour changes with size. Dr. Lien Ngo and her colleagues in the CRANN Institute for Nanoscience and Technology Dublin, are investigating the electrical and mechanical properties of semi-conducting nanowires grown by both supercritical fluid and CVD processing. Through the NAP, the CRANN Group used the fabrication facilities at Tyndall to make electrical measurements on Si and Ge nanowires.

Initial work concentrated on making the test devices that the nano-wires could be placed on while subsequent project work involved depositing metal contacts on the nanowires themselves. The processing undertaken allowed for successful 4-pt measurements on doped nano-wires. One advantage of the NAP programme in this instance was the direct interaction with Tyndall researchers that enabled Dr. Ngo to use initial electrical test data to make changes to the processing at Tyndall.

The cooling of electronic components is now becoming one of the key roadblocks to further miniaturisation for future electronic systems. Dr. Ronan Grimes and Kieran Hanly of the Stokes Research Institute (SRI) in the University of Limerick are studying the potential benefits of utilising microfans for localised cooling of electronic components. Using Tyndall’s microsystems facilities, they were able to fabricate micro-rotors, with diameters of 2mm and 5mm, for use in miniature radial flow micro-fans. The fabricated micro-rotors are geometrically similar to existing macro-rotors fabricated at the SRI. When combined with housings fabricated at the SRI and a commercial micro motor to form 2 radial flow fans, it is planned to characterise the aerodynamic performance of the microfans using the fan characterisation facilities at SRI. It is anticipated that changes in aerodynamic efficiency, which may result from the reduction of fan scale, can be observed.

A key issue for the large scale deployment of wireless sensor networks will be the reliability of data transmission and data security. Using customised variants of the Tyndall 25mm wireless sensor modules, Dr. Emanuel Popovici of the Department of Microeletronic Engineering in University College Cork is investigating fault tolerance and reliability in data transmission in distributed sensor networks as well as the study of effective solutions for very low power cryptosystems that address challenges in the area of systems security and trust. Specifically, the research is targeting fault tolerant architectures, error control codes (e.g. Reed-Solomon codes, LDPC codes), cryptography (AES, IDEA/FOX) and the translation of these algorithms to VHDL/C for synthesis onto FPGA and micro-controller platforms on the Tyndall wireless motes.

Dr. Popovici is one of 10 researchers throughout Ireland who has availed of the Tyndall 25mm wireless sensor platform to enable their research in this emerging technology sector.

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2mm rotor fabricated in silicon using STS deep trench etch tool.

National Access Programme

SEM of platinum metal contacts to a doped silicon nanowire.

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Outreach

The STARS initiative (Secondary Teacher Assistant Researchers), funded by Science Foundation Ireland, allows teachers to develop new skills during the summer months by working in a state-of-the-art research environment. Tyndall hosted six secondary teachers under this programme during 2005.

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he Tyndall outreach programme is designed to promote science and engineering technology to a wider audience and targets students at primary, secondary and third level.

As well as students from Irish Universities, the annual Tyndall Summer Bursary Programme hosts up to 6 international undergraduate students each summer.

These students are given the opportunity to undertake a challenging research project in an area of direct relevance to their undergraduate studies, while also exposing them to the broader context of working in a multidisciplinary research environment.

Tyndall Stand at “Discovery 2005” held in City Hall, Cork.

Discovery 2005 Science Event In March 2005, over 40 Tyndall staff and students participated in the 3-day Discovery 2005 initiative led by Cork City Council as part of the Cork 2005 “City of Culture” celebrations. Over 3,500 people, including primary and secondary school children and the general public, visited the show and engaged in a range of activities at the Tyndall stand.

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3rd level student participants in Tyndall’s Summer Bursary Programme.

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Tyndall also contributed to the 2005 Science Week at its launch in Cork. This had the theme of 'Entertainment' and Tyndall provided the key 'Physics of Sound' demonstration.

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- Brendan O’Neill represents Tyndall in the “Cleanroom Platform”. This is an ad-hoc grouping of research institutes, mainly from northern Europe, who are operating principally in the research domain that has become known as “More than Moore”. The group consists of Phillips Research (Netherlands), Sintef (Norway), VTT (Finland), MESA+ (Netherlands), Danchip (Denmark), KTH (Sweden), CSEM (Switzerland) and Tyndall. The objective of the grouping is mainly operational: to compare notes on the running of the various cleanrooms, the type of equipment operated by each group, the costs of running a large research cleanroom, how organisations interact with customers, particularly industrial customers and assessment of the product quality and level-of-service offered by equipment vendors.

- Dr. Alan Mathewson, a Research Director at Tyndall, is on a two-year sabbatical at LETI Grenoble which is helping to forge stronger links between the two organisations.

- Looking to FP7, Tyndall is actively participating in European Technology Platforms in nanoelectronics (ENIAC), smart electronic systems (EPOSS), photonics (Photonics21) and biomedical microsystems (Nanomed).

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Photo Left: Mr. Cheng Siwei’s visiting party with Alastair Glass and senior members of Tyndall.

will be to develop a unique integrated virtual MNT research and development infrastructure which will better serve the European industrial and research communities.

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- MNT Europe: Under the Integrated Infrastructure Initiative in Framework VI, Tyndall has joined with four of the other major research institutes in Europe to form a distributed platform for research and development in the area on micro and nano technology (MNT). The other members of the consortium are IMEC (Belgium), LETI (France), CSEM (Switzerland) and two of the Fraunhofer Institutes in Germany, at Erlangen and Munich. The final target of the project

“Tyndall is a partner in 41 EU contracts, involving 416 partners from 26 countries. As part of the EU Research Infrastructure Programme, Tyndall continued to lead Ireland’s ICT research community in the emerging European Research Area (ERA)”

Tyndall co-ordinates the EU PLANTS project, one of 5 STREPS which the Institute coordinates. Photo shows Dr. Anthony Morrissey, Tyndall and EU project co-ordinator (extreme right) and Prof. Alan Cassells, UCC Dept. of Zoology, Ecology and Plant Science (second from right) with some of the project researchers.

International Partnerships

Tyndall is a partner in 41 EU contracts, involving 416 partners from 26 countries. As part of the EU Research Infrastructure Programme, Tyndall continued to lead Ireland’s ICT research community in the emerging European Research Area (ERA) through the following initiatives:

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Tyndall in EU Research Programmes

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yndall now has more than 30 nationalities represented among its 300 staff and students.

During the past year, Tyndall has continued to expand its international partnerships and research collaborations. These are aimed at keeping Tyndall at the leading edge of ICT research and being a key player for ICT innovation in Europe.

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International Partnerships Networking within the European ICT research community provides an important conduit for the flow of ideas and a platform for specific R&D collaborations. Tyndall participates in 5 networks of excellence (NoE) that involve more than 100 partners. These networks include: - ELFNET (European Lead-Free Soldering Network) - Nano2Life (Bringing nanotechnologies to life) - PATENT (Design for Micro and Nano Manufacture) - SINANO (Silicon-based Nanodevices) - PHOREMOST (Nanophotonics) which Tyndall is coordinating.

- BrightEU: Wide Wavelength Light Sources for Public Welfare: High Brightness Laser Diodes for Health, Telecomm and Environmental Use - Brighter.eu: World Wide Welfare High Brightness Semiconductor Lasers for Generic Use.

Tyndall is a research partner in 8 Integrated Projects (IPs) within FP6. These are European flagship projects which target strategic topics in European ICT research.

They are: - E-Cubes: 3-D-Integrated Micro-Nano Modules for Easily Adapted Applications - GoodFood: Food Safety and Quality Monitoring with Microsystems - MASMICRO: Mass-manufacture of miniature/microproducts.

- NAPOLYDE: Nano-structured polymer deposition processes for mass production of advanced product functionalities enabling innovative energy production & integration - Pullnano: Pulling the Limits of NanoCMOS Electronics - NaPa: Emerging Nanopatterning Methods

- Funded through a long-term cooperation with ESA, Tyndall has become a world-leader in Radiation Sensing Field Effect Transistor (RADFET) technology.

A notable achievement in 2005 was the design, manufacture, test and delivery of the BioRADFET module that was flown in June 2005 on ESA’s photon-M2 spacecraft as part of the Biopan experiment.

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Tyndall hosts the European Space Agency Microelectronics Technology Support Laboratory (MTSL).

Highlights from activities during 2005 include the following:

Planar Schottky varactor diode for millimetre wave multiplier applications.

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The section of the ESA photon-M2 spacecraft containing Tyndall’s bioRADFET module.

European Space Agency

- Sub-millimetre wave and THz technologies find applications in many fields, such as: security and medical imaging, atmospheric remote sensing, plasma diagnostics in fusion reactors, vehicle collision avoidance radar, communications and industrial pollution monitoring. Application of the technology is restricted by the high manufacturing costs incurred by manual assembly and the required precisionmachining of the metal waveguide blocks. As part of this research, John Pike has realised sub-millimetre wave passive circuits on GaAs membranes thinned to 3microns thickness to minimise losses. He has also developed a novel planar Schottky diode suitable for integration with membrane circuits. A 400GHz receiver is planned. This will demonstrate that manufacturing costs can be cut through integration of the devices and circuits and through fabrication of the very small waveguide components with hot-embossed, metallised polymers instead of the standard and costly precision machined metal.

- Based on his experience in packaging for space applications, Finbarr Waldron was appointed to an ESA committee, which is drawing-up a new ESA standard but costly method of using precisionmechanical metal.

Northwestern University’s Tyndall obtained funding from both SFI and the US National Science Foundation for collaboration with Prof. Robert Chang at Northwestern University’s Materials Research Institute. Six students from North Western participated in the Tyndall Summer Bursary Programme with funding from the NSF REU programme (Research Experience for Undergraduates).

RADFETs for Radiotherapy Treatment Following extensive collaboration with the European Space Agency (ESA) in the area of radiation detection, Tyndall has, for a number of years, been marketing a MOS radiation detector or MOSFET. In 2005, Tyndall entered a supply agreement with Sicel Technologies Inc. of North Carolina to supply these devices for a range of products targeted at the medical dosimetry market.

The first of these FDA-approved products, “One Dose™” was recently launched on the market by Medtec.

As the name suggests, the device is used for quality assurance of radiotherapy treatments giving accurate dose measurement from a single radiation treatment.

A second product, incorporating an improved device developed by Alexander Jaksic and the Silicon Research

Connections to China Clivia Sotomayor Torres, Justin Holmes and Síle Nic Chormaic have secured funding under the SFI ChinaIreland Research Collaboration Fund to collaborate with research teams in Jilin University and the Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics.

Mr. Cheng Siwei, Vice-Chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress of China (NPC) and Vice-President of the Chinese Association for International Understanding (CAFIU), paid an official visit to Ireland on 30th July 2005. Mr. Cheng, who is a well-known scientist and economist, was welcomed to Tyndall by Alastair Glass, Chairman and acting CEO. The Chinese Ambassador, Dr. Sha Hailin accompanied this delegation to UCC and Tyndall.

From L to R: Mr. Cheng Siwei with Bob Mannning and Alastair Glass of Tyndall.

See page 36 for photo of Mr. Cheng Siwei’s visiting party with Alastair Glass and senior members of Tyndall.

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During the summer, Tyndall had the pleasure of hosting Prof. Jean-Pierre Colinge, the world renowned expert in the area of SOI devices and processing under the E.T.S. Walton visiting fellowship scheme funded by SFI. Prof. Colinge is currently a professor in the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering in the University of California at Davis. He has written many seminal works in the area of SOI processing and devices. This is one of the areas of technology being strongly-favoured to take CMOS devices beyond the limits of the current ITRS Roadmap. During his short stay, Prof. Colinge wrote several papers in collaboration with other Tyndall researchers and he also presented a 6 lecture series on SOI, which was well attended by Tyndall researchers, other academic researchers and members of the semiconductor industry in Ireland.

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A long-standing collaboration with the University of Michigan, Ann Arbour, USA, involves the work of Prof.

Stephen Fahy and two current PhD student projects at Tyndall: In the first project, theoretical predictions of ultrafast dynamics of optically-excited materials have recently been verified in ground-breaking ultrafast x-ray experiments, performed at Michigan's FOCUS center and by an international team of collaborators at Stanford Linear Accelerator. The second PhD project, on gated heterostructures, will complement experimental work in the Departments of Physics and Materials Science at Michigan. This is part of a new SFI-NSF funded collaboration to investigate transport and optical properties of dilute nitride semiconductors.

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Tyndall’s collaborations with researchers and research teams in the USA continues to expand. The following highlights are noteworthy for 2005:

Team, will monitor the accumulated dose from a course of radiation treatment and is currently undergoing FDA trials and is due for release in 2006.

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• Paul Beecher - "Charge Transport in Nanocrystalbased Electronic Devices”

• Valerio Beni - “Electroanalysis with Solid Electrodes and Liquid-Liquid Interfaces”

• John Doyle - “Development of CMOS Solid State

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Ph.D. Theses

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Tyndall Awards • Michael Morris - “Micropower for Ambient Systems” • Éamon O'Connor - "Novel Electroluminescent Devices Based on Organic and Inorganic Materials"

• Michael Tuttle - “High Density Power Packaging Solutions for Enhanced Thermal Management”

Magnetic Sensors”

• Anne-Marie Kelleher - “Synthesis and Reactions of Gold Acetylides and their Derivatives”

• Brian

Lillis - “DNA Sensing at Semiconductor Electrodes”

• Deirdre Murphy - "Oligonucleotide-nanoparticle Conjugates as Tools for Genetic Analysis”

• Conor O’Mahony - “Capacitive Microswitches for Radio Frequency Applications”

• Cian Ó Murchú - “Environmentally Benign Cleaning Processes for the Microelectronics Industry” Mesoscale Components at Silicon Subtrates”

• Carmel

• Rathnait Long - “Development of Fine Geometry SOI Technology”

• Prof. Michael Peter Kennedy: Fellow of the Engineers of Ireland.

• Robin Giller: IRCSET research achievements awards 2005 – Highly Commended Finalist.

• Niall McCarthy: Engineers of Ireland Biomedical Engineering Postgraduate Award, 2005.

• Prof. Eoin O’Reilly: Fellow of the Institution of Engineering Technology (FIET), UK.

• Henry

Pinto: Winner of the 2004 BOC Gases Postgraduate Bursary Prize. Award presented May ‘05.

• Ningning Wang: Received "National Award for Chinese Outstanding Overseas Ph.D Student 2004" from the Education Department of China. The presentation was made by the Chinese Ambassador to Ireland, Dr. Sha Hailin in a special ceremony in Dublin in April 2005.

Niall McCarthy with his BiomedicalEngineering Postgraduate Award.

The 2005 Irish Cleanroom Society Award for Best Practice Institute was awarded to Tyndall.

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Kelleher - “Characterisation of StrainBalanced and Lattice-Matched InGaAs- and InP-based Materials for Optimisation of TPV Cell Efficiency”

– Best Practice Institution.

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M.Eng.Science Theses

• Irish Cleanroom Society ICE Awards 2005

Tyndall Awards

• Alan O'Riordan - "Field Configured Self-assembly of

Institute, Staff & Student Awards

Henry Pinto receiving BOC Gases Bursary Prize from Mr. Gerry Donovan, Sales & Marketing Director, BOC Gases – also in picture Dr. Simon Elliott, supervisor.

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Financial

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Income & Expenditure INCOME

2005 €

2004 €

Government Grant

2,887

2,800

18,654

11,627

1,398

1,261

22,939

15,688

Remuneration Costs

9,877

8,685

Equipment and Infrastructure

6,567

1,884

Consumables and Related Costs

5,159

3,411

Other Operating Costs

1,336

1,708

22,939

15,688

Research UCC Funding

UCC 6% Government 13%

Research 81%

EXPENDITURE

Income 2005

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Board Members

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Chief Executive Forfás.

Concurrent Professor of Physics University of Notre Dame

Dr. William F. Brinkman

Mr. Joe Gantly

Prof. Margaret M. Murnane

Princeton University Past President, American Physical Society

CEO, SensL Technologies Ltd, Cork

Professor of Physics, University of Colorado

Mr. Ned Costello

Ms. Geraldine Kelly

Mr. Michael O’Sullivan

Assistant Secretary General, Department of Enterprise, Trade and Employment

Chief Operations Officer, Irish Management Institute

Vice-President for Planning Communications and Development, University College Cork

Mr. Brendan Cremen

Prof. John V. McCanny

Prof. Roger Whatmore

Director of Engineering Xilinx Corp., Dublin

Director of the Institute of Electronics, Communications & IT Head of the School of Electronics, Electrical Engineering & Computer Science. Queen’s University Belfast

CEO Tyndall National Institute

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Prof. Jim Merz

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Mr. Martin Cronin

Chairman, Tyndall Deputy Minister, Ministry of Research and Innovation, Ontario, Canada

Board Members

Dr. Alastair Glass

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Publications

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E. Saint-Aman “Development of surface-modified microelectrode arrays for the electrochemical detection of dihydrogen phosphate”Electroanalysis, 17, 392 (2005)

interacting fronts”J. Stat. Phys. 119, 1069, (2005) A.D. Andreev, E.P. O'Reilly “Optical matrix element in InAs/GaAs quantum dots: Dependence on quantum dot parameters”Appl. Phys. Lett. 87, 213106 (2005) Gy. T. Balogh, Z. Szanto, E. Forrai, W. Gyorffy, A. Lopata “Use of reversed-phase liquid chromatography for determining the lipophilicity of alpha-aryl-N-cyclopropylnitrones”Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis 39 1057 (2005)

P. Beecher, E.V. Shevchenko, H. Weller, A.J. Quinn, G. Redmond “Magnetic Field-directed Growth of CoPt3 Nanocrystal Wires”Adv. Mater. 17, 1080 (2005)

S.J. Bellis, K. Delaney, B. O'Flynn, J. Barton, K. M. Razeeb, C. O'Mathuna “Development of Field Programmable Modular Wireless Sensor Network Nodes for Ambient Systems”Computer Communications Special Issue on Wireless Sensor Networks and Applications, 28, 13, 1531 (2005)

V. Beni, M. Ghita, D.W.M. Arrigan “Cyclic and

V. Beni, V.I. Ogurtsov, N.V. Bakunin, D.W.M. Arrigan, M. Hill “Development of a portable electroanalytical system for the stripping voltammetry of metals: determination of coer in acetic acid soil extracts” Analytica Chimica Acta, 552 (2005)

A. Berduque, A. Sherburn, M. Ghita, R.A.W. Dryfe, D.W.M. Arrigan “Electrochemically-modulated liquid-liquid extraction of ions”Analytical Chemistry, 77 7310 (2005)

“A Monolithic Silicon Based Integrated Signal Generation and Detection System for Monitoring DNA Hybridisation” Biosensors and Bioelectronics 21, 565 (2005)

M. Biancardo, C.A. Bignozzi, H. Doyle, G. Redmond, “A Potential and Ion Switched Molecular Photonic Logic Gate.” J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun.

31, 3918 (2005)

M. Biancardo, A.J. Quinn, L. Floyd, P.M. Mendes, S.S. Briggs, J.A. Preece, C.A. Bignozzi and G. Redmond, “Hysteresis of Charge Tunneling in Assemblies of Carboxylic Acid-modified Gold Nanoparticles” J. Phys. Chem. B 109, 8718 (2005)

V. Bourenkov, K.G. McCarthy, A. Mathewson “MOS Table Models for Circuit Simulation”IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems, 24 (2005)

M. Brunet, T. O’Donnell, A.M. Connell, P. McCloskey, S.C. Ó Mathúna “Electrochemical Process for the Lamination of Magnetic Cores in Thin Film Magnetic Components”IEEE/ASME JMEMS (2005)

O. Carroll, S.P. Hegarty, G. Huyet and B. Corbett “Length dependence of feedback sensitivity of InAs/GaAs quantum dot lasers”Electronics Letters 41, 911 (2005) M. Chavez, D.U. Hwang, A. Amann, H. G. E. Hentschel, S. Boccaletti “Synchronization is enhanced in weighted complex networks”Phys. Rev. Lett. 94, 218701 (2005)

X. Cheng, R. Duane, and A. Mathewson “Two D Flip-Flops based on Bistable-Gated-Bipolar Devices”IEEE Electronics Letters, 41, 305 (2005)

O. Chevalerias, T. O’Donnell, D. Power, N. O’Donovan, G. Duffy, G. Grant and S.C. O’Mathuna “Inductive Telemetry of Multiple Sensor Modules”IEEE Pervasive Computing, 4, 46 (2005)

C. Dubourdieu, H. Roussel, C. Jimenez, M. Audier, J.P. Senateur, S. Lhostis, L. Auvray, F. Ducroquet, B.J. O’Sullivan, P.K. Hurley, S. Rushworth, L. Hubert-Pfalzgraf, “Pulsed liquid-injection MOCVD of high-K oxides for advanced semiconductor technologies”Materials Science and Engineering B 118, 105 (2005)

S. D. Elliott “Predictive process design: A theoretical model of atomic layer deposition”Comp. Mater. Sci. 33, 20 (2005)

S.D. Elliott, G. Scarel, C. Wiemer, M. Fanciulli, T. Lebedinskii, A. Zenkevich and I. Fedushkin “Precursor combinations for ALD of rare earth oxides and silicates – a quantum chemical and X-ray study”Electrochem.

Soc. Proc. 2005-09, 605 (2005)

D.N. Chigrin, A.V. Lavrinenko and C.M. Sotomayor Torres “Numerical characterisation of nanopillar photonic crystal waveguides and directional coupler”Optical Quantum Electronics 37, 331 (2005)

A.D. Ellis, F.C.G. Gunning, “Spectral Density Enhancement using Coherent WDM.” IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 17, 504 (2005)

T. A. Crowley, B. Daly, M.A. Morris “Probing the magnetic properties of cobalt-germanium nanocable arrays”Journal of Materials Chemistry 15, 2408 (2005)

M. Djafari-Rouhani Esteve, J. Greer, A. Korkin “Atomic Scale Materials Design: Modelling and Characterization” Computational Materials Science, 33, 1 (2005)

M. Decams, H. Guillon, C. Jimenez, M. Audier, J.P. Senateur, C. Dubourdieu, O. Cadix, B.J. O'Sullivan, M. Modreanu, P.K. Hurley, S. Rusworth, T.J. Leedham, H. Davies, Q. Fang, I. Boyd “Electrical characterisation of HfO2 films obtained by UV assisted injection MOCVD” Microelectronics Reliability 45, 929 (2005)

P. Delaney, M. Nolan and J.C. Greer “Symmetry, Delocalization and Molecular Conductance”Journal of Chemical Physics, 122, 044710 (2005) R. Duane, M.F Beug, A. Mathewson, “Novel capacitance coupling coefficient measurement methodology for floating gate nonvolatile memory devices” IEEE, Electron Device Letters, 26, 507 (2005)

Publications

Pulse Voltammetric Study of Dopamine at the Interface between Two Immiscible Electrolyte Solutions” Biosensors & Bioelectronics, 20, 2097 (2005)

C. Bertolino, M. MacSweeney, J. Tobin, B. O’Neill, M. M. Sheehan, Salvatore Coluccia and Helen Berney

“Isothermal aging effects on the microstructure and solder bump shear strength of eutectic Sn37Pb and Sn3.5Ag solders”Microelectronics and Reliability, 27th July (2005)

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A. Amann, E. Schöll “Bifurcations in a system of

W.M. Chen, P. McCloskey and S.C. O’Mathuna

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A. Berduque, G. Herzog, Y.E. Watson, D.W.M. Arrigan, J.C. Moutet, O. Reynes, G. Royal,

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Publications G. Fagas, G. Tkachov, A. Pfund and K. Richter “Geometrical Enhancement of the Proximity Effect in Quantum Wires with Extended Superconducting Tunnel Contacts”Phys. Rev. B, 71 224510 (2005) selected for the Virtual Journal of Applications of Superconductivity 9, Iss. 1 (2005)

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Q. Fang, I. Liaw, M. Modreanu, P.K. Hurley, I.W. Boyd “Post deposition UV-induced O2 annealing of HfO2 thin films”Microelectronics Reliability 45, 957 (2005)

Publications

M. Gartner, A.Ghita, M. Anastasescu, P. Osiceanu, G. Dobrescu, M. Zaharescu, D. Macovei, M. Modreanu, C. Trapalis, G. Kordas “The influence of Cu on the morphological and chemical properties of nanostructured TiO2 films”Journal of Optoelectronics and Advanced Materials 7, 401 (2005)

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F. Lin, M. MacSweeney, M.M. Sheehan and A. Mathewson “A protein biosensor using Geiger

D.U. Hwang, M. Chavez, A. Amann and S. Boccaletti “Synchronisation in Complex Networks with Age Ordering”Phys. Rev. Lett. 94, 138701 (2005)

M. Lishchynska, N. Cordero, O. Slattery and C. O’Mahony “Modelling electrostatic behaviour of

F. Jonsson, C.M. Sotomayor Torres, J. Seekamp, M. Schniedergers, A. Tiedemann, J. Ye and R. Zentel “Artificially inscribed defects in opal photonic crystals” Microelectronic Engineering 78-79, 429 (2005)

P. Forbes, S. Boyle, K. O’Donoghue, and M.P. Kennedy “On the Aroximate One-D Map in Chua’s Oscillator”Int. J. Bif. Chaos. 15, 2545 (2005) N. Fytas, F. Diakonos, P. Schmelcher, M. Scheid, A. Lassl, K. Richter, and G. Fagas “Magnetic field dependence of transport in normal and Andreev billiards: a classical interpretation to the averaged quantum behavior” Phys. Rev. B, 72, 085336 (2005)

P.K. Hurley, B.J. O’Sullivan, V.V. Afanas’ev and A. Stesmans “Interface States and Pb Defects at the Si(100)/HfO2 interface”Electrochemical and Solid-State Letters, 8, G44 (2005)

N. Kehagias, M. Zelsmann, C.M. Sotomayor Torres, K. Pfeiffer, G. Ahrens and G. Gruetzner

J.P. Hanrahan, M.P. Copley and K.J. Ziegler “Pore size engineering in mesoporous silicas using supercritical CO2”Langmuir 21, 4163 (2005)

T. Healy, J. Alderman, J. Donnelly, A.M. Kelleher, B. O'Neill, A. Mathewson “Silicon Fibre Technology Development for Wearable and Ambient Electronics Alications”IEEE International Journal of High Speed Electronics and Systems. (2005)

“Development of behavioural models for mechanically loaded microcantilevers and beams”Analog Integrated Circuits and Signal Processing, 44, 109 (2005)

J. S. Kulkarni, O. Kazakova and D. Erts “Structural and magnetic characterisation of Ge0.99Mn0.01 nanowire arrays”Chemistry of Materials 17, 3615 (2005)

P.P. Maaskant, M. Akhter, N. Cordero, D.P. Casey, J.F. Rohan, B.J. Roycroft and B. Corbett

L. Lagae, R. Wirix-Speetjens, C.X. Liu, W. Laureyn, J. De Boeck, G. Borghs, P. Galvin, D. Graham, H. Ferreira, P. Freitas, M. D. Amaral and L. Clarke “Magnetic Biosensors For Genetic Screening Of Cystic Fibrosis” IEEE Proc. Circuits, Devices & Systems 152 (2005)

quantum-dot lasers”Electronics Letters 41, 416 (2005)

V. Lavayen, E. Benavente and C.M. Sotomayor Torres and G. Gonzales “Inorganic Fullerenes: From

E. Halova, S. Alexandrova, A. Szekeres, M. Modreanu “LPCVD-silicon oxynitride films: interface properties” Microelectronics Reliability 45, 982 (2005)

G. Herzog, D.W.M. Arrigan “Underpotential deposi-

lamellar precursors to functionalised nanotubes” Solid State Phenomena (2005)

J. L. Hodgkinson, D.W. Sheel, H.M. Yates, M.J. Davis, M.E. Pemble “Atmospheric pressure glow discharge CVD of TiO2 thin films”Electrochemical Society Proceedings, 9, 889 (2005)

M. Lishchynska, N. Cordero and O. Slattery

Y Lu, O. Buiu, S. Hall and P.K. Hurley “Optical and electrical characterisation of hafnium oxide deposited

by MOCVD”Microelectronics Reliability 45, 965 (2005)

S.P. Hegarty, B. Corbett and J.G. McInerney, G. Huyet “Free-carrier effect on index change in 1.3μm

A. Haran, A. Jaksic “The role of fixed and switching traps in long term fading of implanted and unimplanted gate oxide RADFETs”IEEE Trans. Nuclear Science, 52, 2570 (2005)

microcantilevers incorporating residual stress gradient and non-ideal anchors”Journal of Micromechanics and Microengineering, 15, S10 (2005)

“3D Polymer Superstructures fabricated by UV-Curing Imprint Lithography”J. Vacuum Science and Technology B 12 (2005)

K.J. Gordon, V. Fernandez, G.S. Buller, I. Rech, S.D. Cova and P.D. Townsend “Quantum key distribution system clocked at 2GHz”Optics Express. 13 (2005)

tion and stripping of Lead at disorganised monolayermodified gold electrodes”Electroanalysis, 17, 1816 (2005)

mode avalanche photodiode”Journal of Physics: Conference Series 10, 333 (2005)

B. Lillis, C. Jungk, D. Iacopino, A. Whelton, E. Hurley, M. Sheehan, A. Splinter, A.J. Quinn, G. Redmond, W.A. Lane, A. Mathewson and H. Berney “Microporous Silicon and Biosensor Development: Structural Analysis, Electrical Characterisation and Biocapacity Evaluation.” Biosens. Bioelectron. 21, 282 (2005)

“LED flip-chip assembly with electroplated AuSn alloy.”

Physica Status Solidi (c) 2, 2907 (2005)

M. Manning and G. Redmond, “Fabrication and Characterization of DNA Microarrays at Silicon Nitride Substrates.” Langmuir 21, 395 (2005)

M. Modreanu, E. Aperathitis, M. Androulidaki, M. Audier and O. Chaix-Pluchery “Characterisation of room temperature blue emitting Si/SiO2 multilayers” Optical Materials 27, 1020 (2005)

M. Modreanu, J. Sancho-Parramon, D. O'Connell, J. Justice, O. Durand and B. Servet “Solid phase crystallisation of HfO2 thin films”Materials Science and Engineering B-Solid State Materials for Advanced Technology 118, 127 (2005)

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Publications spectral purity in index patterned Fabry-Perot lasers” Applied Phys. Lett. 86, 201101 (2005)

A. Camposeo, F. Tantussi, F. Fuso, M. Allegrini, and E. Arimondo “Atomic Nanolithography Patterning of Sub-Micron Features: Writing an Organic Self-Assembled Monolayer with Cold Bright Cs Atom Beams” Nanotechnology, 16, 1536 (2005)

M.A. Morris, H.M. Reidy “Preparation of ceriazirconia and yttria-zirconia mixed oxides of unusual pore structures”Ceramics International 31, 929 (2005)

F. Murphy, T. Kehoe, R. Winfield and L. Floyd “Development of an algorithm to extract thermal diffusivity for the radial converging wave technique” Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer, 48, 1395 (2005) O.H. Murphy, K.G. McCarthy, C.J.P. Delabie, A.C. Murphy and P.J. Murphy “Design of Multiple-Metal Stacked Inductors Incorporating an Extended Physical Model”IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, 53 (part II) (2005)

É. O’Connor, A. O’Riordan, H. Doyle, S. Moynihan, A. Cuddihy and G. Redmond, “Near Infrared Electroluminescent Devices Based on Colloidal HgTe Quantum Dot Arrays.” Appl. Phys. Lett.

86, 201114 (2005) K. O’Donoghue, M.P. Kennedy, P. Forbes, M. Qu, and S. Jones “A Fast and Simple Implementation of Chua’s Oscillator with Cubic-like Nonlinearity”Int. J. Bif. Chaos.

15, 2959 (2005)

C. O’Dwyer “Enhanced Radiative Recombination Characteristics of Ti Contacts to InP Probed by In-Situ Photoluminescence Measurements”Solid State Commun. (2005)

D. Murphy and G. Redmond “Optical Detection

C. O’Dwyer, G. Gay, B. Viaris de Lesegno, and J. Weiner

and Discrimination of Cystic Fibrosis-related Genetic Mutations using Oligonucleotide-nanoparticle Conjugates.” Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 381, 1122 (2005)

“The Nature of Alkanethiol Self-Assembled Monolayer Adsorption on Sputtered Gold Substrates”Langmuir, 20, 1661 (2005)

É.D. Murray, D. M. Fritz, J. K. Wahlstrand, S. Fahy and D.A. Reis “Effect of lattice anharmonicity on highamplitude phonon dynamics in photoexcited bismuth” Phys. Rev. B 72, 060301 (2005)

C. O’Dwyer, G. Gay, B. Viaris de Lesegno, J. Weiner, M. Mutzel, D. Haubrich, D. Meschede, K. Ludolph, G. Georgiev and E. Oesterschulze “Advancing Atomic Nanolithography: Cold Atomic Cs Beam Exposure of Alkanethiol Self Assembled Monolayers”J. Phys: Conf.

Series, 19, 109, (2005)

C. O'Dwyer, D.N. Buckley and S.B. Newcomb “Simultaneous Observation of Current Oscillations and Porous Film Growth during the Anodization of InP in KOH”Langmuir, 21, 8090 (2005)

C. O'Dwyer, G. Gay, B. Viaris de Lesegno, J. Weiner, K. Ludolf, G. Georgiev and E. Oesterschulze “Writing SAMs with Cs: Optimization of Atomic Nanolithography Imaging using Self-Assembled Monolayers on Au” J. Appl. Phys., 97, 114309 (2005)

B. O’Flynn, S. Bellis, K. Mahmood, M. Morris, G. Duffy, K. Delaney and S.C. O’Mathuna “A 3-D

“Voltammetry of chromium(VI) at the liquid-liquid interface”Electrochemistry Communications, 7, 976 (2005)

C. O’Mahony, R. Duane, M. Hill and A. Mathewson “Low-Voltage Micromechanical Test Structures for Measurement of Residual Charge in Dielectrics” IEE Electronics Letters 41, 39 (2005)

S.C. O’Mathuna, T. O’Donnell, N. Wang and K. Rinne “Magnetics on Silicon an Enabling Technology for Power Supply on Chip’”IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 20, 585 (2005)

A. O’Riordan, É. O’Connor, S. Moynihan, X. Llinares, R. Van Deun, P. Fias, P. Nockeman, K. Binnemans and G. Redmond “Narrow Bandwidth Red Electroluminescence from Solution-Processed Lanthanide-Doped Polymer Thin Films”Thin Solid Films 491, 264 (2005)

A. O’Riordan, G. Redmond, T. Dean and M. Pez “Functional Integration of Microdevices by Field Assisted Manipulation and Training”Appl. Phys. A 80, 467 (2005)

A. O’Riordan, A. Tseng and Z. Zhao “Self-assembly: A bottom-up approach for Nanofabrication” Micronanoelectronic Technology 42, 209, (2005)

M. Mutzel, M. Muller, D. Haubrich, U. Rasbach, D. Meschede, C. O'Dwyer, G. Gay, B. Viaris de Lesegno, J. Weiner, K. Ludolf, G. Georgiev and E. Oesterschultze “The Atom Pencil: Serial Writing in the Sub-Micrometer Domain”Appl. Phys. Lett. 80, 941 (2005)

V.L. Ogurtsov, A. Mathewson and M.M. Sheehan “Analysis of specification of an electrode type sensor equivalent circuit on the base of impedance spectroscopy simulation”Journal of Physics: Conference Series 10, 325, (2005)

A. O’Riordan, A. Tseng, and Z. Zhao, “Self-assembly:

L.C Nagle and J.F.Rohan “Investigation of dimethy-

V. L. Ogurtsov and M.M. Sheehan “Nanostructured

“Characterisation, modelling and performance evaluation of CMOS integrated Multielectrode Tunable Capacitor”Journal of Micromechanics and Microengineering, 15, S122 (2005)

lamine borane oxidation at a gold microelectrode in base.” Electrochemical and Solid-State Letters, 8, C77 (2005)

gold and platinum electrodes on silicon structures for biosensing”Journal of Physics: Conference Series 10, 397 (2005)

A bottom-up approach for Nanofabrication (Continued).”

Micronanoelectronic Technology 42, 259, (2005)

Z. Olszewski, M. Hill, C. O’Mahony and R. Duane

Publications

Miniaturised Programmable Transceiver”Microelectronics International, 22, 2, 8 (2005)

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“Thermal Decomposition of Hafnium and Zirconium Silicates at the Atomic Scale,” Journal of Applied Physics, 97, 114911 (2005)

A. M. O’Mahony, M.D. Scanlon, A. Berduque, V. Beni, D.W.M. Arrigan, E. Faggi and A. Bencini

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C. O’Dwyer, G. Gay, B. Viaris de Lesegno, J. Weiner,

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S. O'Brien and E. P. O'Reilly “Theory of improved

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Publications E. O'Neill, J. Houlihan and J.G. McInerney “Dynamics of traveling waves in the transverse section of a laser”Phys.Rev. Lett. 94, 143901 (2005) A. Ongaro, F. Griffin, P. Beecher, L. Nagle, D. Iacopino, A.J. Quinn, G. Redmond and

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D. Fitzmaurice, “DNA-Templated Assembly of Conducting Gold Nanowires between Gold Electrodes on a Silicon Oxide Substrate”Chem. Mater. 17, 1959 (2005) E. Palacios-Lidon, H.M. Yates, M.E. Pemble and C. Lopez “Photonic band gap properties of GaP opals with a new topology”Applied Physics B-Lasers and Optics 81, 205 (2005) A Patanè. J. Endicott, J. Ibáñez, P.N. Brunkov, L. Eaves, S. B. Healy, A. Lindsay and E. P. O’Reilly “Breakup of the conduction band structure of dilute GaAs1-yNy alloys” Phys. Rev. B. 71, 195307 (2005)

Publications

M. Pearton, D. Barrow, C. Gateley, C. Anstey, N. Wilke, A. Morrissey, C. Allender , K. Brain and J. C. Birchall “Hydrogels based on PLGA-PEG-PLGA triblock co-polymers as sustained release reservoirs for the delivery of pDNA to microneedle treated human skin”Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 57, S12 (2005)

M.F. Pereira Jr. and H. Wenzel “Microscopic theory for the valence intersubband absorption of quantum wells” Microelectronic Engineering 81, 510 (2005) M.F. Pereira Jr., S.C. Lee, and A. Wacker “Effect of Coulomb corrections and mean field on gain and absorption in quantum cascade lasers”Phys. Stat.

Sol. (c) 2, 3027 (2005) T Piwonski, J. Houlihan and T. Busch “Delay-induced excitability”Physical Review Letters 95, 040601 (2005) J.Pomplun, A. Amann and E. Schöll “Mean field approximation of time-delayed feedback control of noise-induced oscillations in the Van der Pol system” Europhys. Lett. 71, 366 (2005) S. Prabhakaran, T. O’Donnell, C. Sullivan, M. Brunet, S. Roy and C. O’Mathuna “Microfabricated Coupled

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“A highly thermally stable anatase phase prepared by doping with zirconia and silica coupled to a mesoporous type synthesis technique”Journal of Materials Chemistry 15, 3494 (2005) J.H. Rice, J.W. Robinson, J.H. Na, K.H. Lee, R.A. Taylor,

D. P. Williams, E.P. O’Reilly, A.D. Andreev, Y. Arakawa and S. Yasin “Biexciton and exciton dynamics in single InGaN quantum dots”Nanotechnology 16, 1477 (2005) G.S. Ristic, M.M. Pejovic and A.B. Jaksic “FowlerNordheim high electric field stress of power VDMOSFETs” Solid-State Electronics, 49, 1140 (2005)

J.F. Rohan, P.A. Murphy and J.Barrett “Zincate-free, electroless nickel deposition at aluminium bond pads” Journal of the Electrochemical Society, 152, C32 (2005) S.G. Romanov, A.S. Susha, C.M. Sotomayor Torres,

Inductors for Low Voltage, High Current Power Applications”Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 290-291, part 2 (2005)

Z. Liang and F. Caruso “Surface plasmon resonance in gold nanoparticle infiltrated dielectric opals” J. Appl. Phys., 97, 086103 (2005)

R.A. Price, A. Jaksic and K. Rodgers “A RADFET based intracavitary dosimeter for in vivo patient dosimetry” Biomedizinische Technik, 50, Sup.1, Part 1, 259 (2005)

J. Romero-Vivas, D. N. Chigrin, A. V. Lavrinenko and C.M. Sotomayor Torres “Photonic Quasicrystals:

I.E. Protsenko, A.V. Uskov, O. A. Zaimidoroga, V. N. Samoilov and E.P. O’Reilly “Dipole nanolaser” Phys. Rev. A 71, 063812 (2005) A.J. Quinn, P. Beecher, D. Iacopino, L. Floyd, G. De Marzi, E.V. Shevchenko, H. Weller and G. Redmond “Manipulating the Charging Energy of Nanocrystal Arrays.” Small 1, 613 (2005)

A.J. Quinn, M .Biancardo, L. Floyd, M. Belloni, P.R. Ashton, J.A. Preece, C.A. Bignozzi and G. Redmond “Analysis of Charge Transport in Arrays of 28 kDa Nanocrystal Gold Molecules.” J. Mater. Chem. 15, 4403 (2005)

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D.J. Reidy, J.D. Holmes and C. Nagle

an application to WDM systems”Physica status solidi (a) 202, 997 (2005)

J. Romero-Vivas, D. N. Chigrin, A. V. Lavrinenko and C. M. Sotomayor Torres “Resonant add-drop reso-

K.M. Ryan, D.M. Lyons, J. D. Holmes “Controlling morphological orientational and material properties of mesoporous aluminosilicate films: enabling supercritical fluid deposition of perpendicularly ordered nanowire arrays”Studies in Surface Science and Catalysis 156, 303 (2005) A. Sánchez, Y. Echeverría, C.M. Sotomayor-Torres, G. González and E. Benavente “Intercalation of Europium (III) species into bentonite”Materials Research Bulletin MRB 3221 (2005) V. Sanchez, E. Benavente, V. Lavayen, M. A. Santa Ana, C. O’Dwyer, C.M. Sotomayor Torres and G. Gonzalez “Pressure Induced Anisotropy of Electrical Conductivity in Polycrystalline Molybdenum Disulfide”Appl. Surf. Sci. (2005) M. Schmidt, M.C. Lemme, H. Kurz, T. Witters, T. Schram, K. Cherkaoui, A. Negara and P.K. Hurley “Impact of H2/N2 annealing on interface defect densities in Si(100)/SiO2/HfO2/TiN gate stacks”Microelectronics Engineering, 80, 70 (2005) D.M. Soden, J.O. Larkin, C.G. Collins, M.Tangney, S.Aarons, A. Morrissey, J. Piggott, C. Dunne and G.C. O’Sullivan “Successful Application of Targeted Electrochemotherapy Using Novel Electrodes and Low Dose Bleomycin to Solid Tumours”Cancer Letters, (2005)

nance filter based on a photonic quasicrystal”front page feature, Optics Express 13, 826 (2005)

R.S. Swain, J.P. Gleeson and M.P. Kennedy “Influence of Noise Intensity on the Spectrum of an Oscillator” IEEE Trans. Circuits and Systems-Part II, 52, 789 (2005)

S. Roy, A. Connell, M. Ludwig, N. Wang, T. O’Donnell, M. Brunet, P. McCloskey, C. ÓMathúna, A. Barman and R.J. Hicken

A. Tipek, T. O’Donnell, P. Ripka and J. Kubik,

“Pulse reverse plating for integrated magnetics on Si” Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials 290-291, 1524, (2005)

“Excitation and temperature stability of PCB fluxgate sensor”IEEE Sensors Journal, 5, 1264 (2005)

A. M. Teweldeberhan and S. Fahy “Calculated pressure dependence of the localised vibrational mode of nitrogen in GaNxAs1-x”Phys. Rev. B 72,195203 (2005)

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R. Webb, R. Manning, X. Yang and R. Giller

A.V. Uskov, E.P. O'Reilly, M. Laemmlin, N.N. Ledentsov and D. Bimberg “On gain saturation in quantum dot semiconductor optical amplifiers”Optics Comms.

248, 211 (2005)

Setup Limitations By Applying Model-based Testing to High-Precision ADCs”J. Electronic Testing Theory and Applications (JETTA), 21, 299 (2005)

“All – Optical 40 Gb/s XOR Gate with Duel Ultrafast Non-Linear Interferometers”Electronic Letters, 41, 1396 (2005)

N. Wilke, C. Hibert, J. O’Brien and A. Morrissey

E.A. Viktorov, P. Mandel and Y. Tanguy “Electron-hole asymmetry and two-state lasing in quantum dot lasers” Appl. Phys., Lett., 87, 053113 (2005)

“Process Optimisation and Characterisation of Silicon Microneedles Fabricated by Wet Etch Technology” Microelectronics Journal 36, 650 (2005)

D. Wang, J. Li, C. T. Chan, V. SalgueiriÇo-Maceira, L.M. Liz-Marzn, S. Romanov and F. Caruso “Optical Properties of Nanoparticle-Based Metallodielectric Inverse Opals”Small, 1, 122 (2005)

D.P. Williams, A.D. Andreev, E.P. O’Reilly and

K.X. Wang, M. A. Morris and J. D. Holmes

H.M Yates, M.G.Nolan, D.W.Sheel and M.E. Pemble “Atmospheric pressure CVD growth of photocatalytic titanium dioxide thin films on tin oxide”Electrochemical Society Proceedings, 2005-09, 783 (2005)

“Preparation of mesoporous titania thin films with remarkably high thermal stability”Chemistry of Materials 17, 1269 (2005)

K.X. Wang, B.D. Yao and M.A. Morris “Supercritical fluid processing of thermally stable mesoporous titania thin films with enhanced photocatalytic activity” Chemistry of Materials 17, 4825 (2005)

I. Z. Rahman, K.M. Razeeb and M. A. Rahman “Nickel Nanowires Obtained by Template Synthesis”Chapter in "Materials for Information Technology" Edited by: Ehrenfried Zschech, Caroline Whelan, Thomas Mikolajick. Materials for Information Technology: Devices, Interconnects and Packaging, Springer-Verlag (2005) ISBN: 1-85233-941

N. Wilke, A. Mulcahy, S.R. Ye and A. Morrissey

D.A. Faux “Derivation of built-in polarisation potentials in nitride-based semiconductor quantum dots” Phys. Rev. B. 72, 235318 (2005)

H.M. Yates, M.E. Pemble and E. Palacios Lidon “Modification of the natural photonic bandgap of synthetic opals via infilling with crystalline InP” Advanced Functional Materials 15, 411 (2005)

Edited by: A.Scott, Encyclopedia of Nonlinear Science ISBN: 1579583857, (2005)

Book Chapters J. Barton, C. Ó Mathúna, S. O’Reilly, T. Healy, B. O’Flynn, S. Bellis and K. Delaney “Micro and Nano Technology Enabling Ambient Intelligence for P-Health”Chapter in "Personalised Health: The Integration of Innovative Sensing, Textile, Information & Communication Technologies".

Volume 117 Studies in Health Technology and Informatics, Edited by: C.D. Nugent, P.J. McCullagh, E.T. McAdams and A. Lymberis. Pubs IOS Press (2005)

G. Redmond, “New mesoscale structures and selfassembly methods for next generation technologies.”

“Future integrated systems- a five year view in 2005” S.ODA, D. F. Moore ed.; MTP, 40, Cambridge, UK. (2005)

Publications

“Silicon Microneedle Electrode Array With Temperature Monitoring For Electroporation”Sensors & Actuators A. 123-134, 319 (2005)

M.P. Kennedy “Chua's circuit”

E.P. O’Reilly, A. Lindsay, S. Fahy, S. Tomic and P. J. Klar “A Tight binding Based Analysis of the Band Anti-Crossing Model and its Application in Ga(In)NAs Alloys”Chapter 11, pp.361-391, “Dilute Nitrides (III-N-V) Semiconductors: Physics and Technology”, Edited by: M. Henini, Elsevier, (2005) ISBN: 0080445020,

C. Wegener and M.P. Kennedy “Overcoming Test

K. Varis, M. Mattila, S. Arpiainen, J. Ahopelto, F. Jonsson, C.M. Sotomayor Torres, M. Egen and R. Zentel “Reflection of focused beams from opal photonic crystals”Optics Express 13, 2653 (2005)

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C. Ton-That, M. E. Welland, J.A. Larsson, J.C. Greer, A. G. Shard, V. R. Dhanak, A. Taninaka and H. Shinohara “Electrostatic ordering of the lanthanum endoatom in La@C82 adsorbed on metal surfaces”Phys. Rev. B 71, 045419 (2005)

G Cuniberti, Giorgos Fagas, Klaus Richter (Eds) “Introducing Molecular Electronics”Lecture Notes in Physics Vol. 680 (Springer, Berlin and Heidelberg 2005), ISBN: 3540279946.

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Micro-Machined Power Inductor”Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 290-291, 1347 (2005)

H.M. Yates, M.G. Nolan, M.E. Pemble and D.W. Sheel “The role of nitrogen doping on the development of visible light induced photocatalytic activity in TiO2 thin films grown on glass by chemical vapour deposition” J. Photochem and Photobiol A – Chemistry, 179, 213 (2005)

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N. Wang, T. O’Donnell, S. Roy, M. Brunet, P. McCloskey and S.C. O’Mathuna “High Frequency

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S. Tomic and E.P. O'Reilly “Influence of confinement energy and band anticrossing effect on the electron effective mass in Ga(In)NxAs1-x quantum wells” Phys Rev. B 71, 233301 (2005)

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Publications J. Barton, A. Lynch, S. Bellis, B. O’Flynn, F. Murphy, K. Delaney, S.C. O’Mathuna

T. O’Donnell, C. Saha, S. Kulkarni, S. Roy

A. Amann “Bifurcations in a System of Interacting Fronts”Dynamic Days" Berlin, Germany (2005)

“Miniaturised Inertial Measurement Units (IMU) for Wireless Sensor Networks and Novel Display Interfaces” ECTC 2005, 55th Electronic Components & Technology Conf., Wyndham Palace Resort and Spa, Lake Buena Vista, Florida, USA (2005)

“Design, fabrication and simulations of microelectromagnetic vibration-powered generator for low power MEMS”Proceedings of International symposium on design, test, integration and packaging (DTIP) of MEMS/MOEMS, Montreux, Switzerland (2005)

J. Barton, B. O’Flynn, S. Bellis, A. Lynch, M. Morris, S.C. O’Mathuna “A Miniaturised Modular

E. Benavente, Y. Echeverría, V. Lavayen, C.M. Sotomayor Torres, G. González “Lanthanide-Clay

Platform For Wireless Sensor Networks”2005 European Conference on Circuit Theory and Design, Cork, Ireland.

(2005)

Nanocomposites: Complexes Europium(III) and Terbium(III) Intercalated in Bentonite”ChinaNANO2005.

China International Conference on Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, China (2005)

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A. Amann, A. Wacker, E. Schöll “Universal behavior in complex front systems”Windows to Complexity, Münster, Germany (2005)

A. Amann, E. Scholl, W. Just “Analytical tools for solving dynamics with time delay”Spring meeting of the German Physical Society, Berlin, Germany (2005)

M. Akhter, P. Maaskant, D.P. Casey, J.F. Rohan, N.Cordero, B.Corbett “Packaging technology for high power blue-green LED's”SPIE Opto Ireland, Dublin, Ireland (2005)

D. Arrigan “The Analytical Possibilities of Electrified Liquid-Liquid Interfaces”Invited Lecture at Matrafured05 International Conference on Electrochemical Sensors, Hungary (2005)

D. Arrigan, R. Zazpe, C. Hibert, J. O’Brien, Y. Lanyon, G. di Marzi, A. J. Quinn, G. Redmond, Y. Watson “Micro- and nano-structured interfaces for

Publications

bioinspired electroanalytical sensing”lecture at 207th meeting of the Electrochemical Society, Quebec, Canada (2005)

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S.P. Beeby, M.J. Tudor, E. Koukharenko, N.M. White,

Conferences

J. Barton, A. Lynch, B. O’Flynn, K. Aherne, C. Nester, J. Y. Goulermas, D. Howard, F. Thorsteinsson, M. Pepper, R. Fulford, D. Shklarski, I. Murray, J. Buurke, H. Bussman, P.J. Slycke “A System for Real World Monitoring of Prostheses and Footwear”Proc. 3rd European Medical and Biological Engineering Conference EMBEC'05,Prague, Czech Republic (2005)

J. Barton, C. Nester, J. Y. Goulermas, D. Howard, F. Thorsteinsson, M. Pepper, R. Fulford, D. Shklarski, I. Murray, J. Buurke, H. Bussman, P.J. Slycke “A System for Real World Monitoring of Prostheses and Footwear”The Third IASTED International Conference on Biomedical Engineering Meeting, BioMED 2005, Innsbruck, Austria (2005) S.P. Beeby, M.J. Tudor, E. Koukharenko, N.M. White, T. O’Donnell, C. Saha, S. Kulkarni, S. Roy “Design performance of micro-electromagnetic vibration powered generators”Proceedings of Transducers 05, Seoul, Korea (2005)

V Beni, A. Berduque, Y. Lanyon, Y. Watson, K. Rodgers, F. Stam, J. Alderman, D. Arrigan “Microelectrode arrays: investigation of the influence of the design on the UPD-stripping voltammetry of copper”poster at IMA’05 International Conference on Instrumental Methods of Analysis, Crete, Greece (2005)

V. Beni, A. Berduque, Y. Lanyon, Y. Watson, K. Rodgers, F. Stam, J. Alderman, D. Arrigan “Microelectrode arrays: investigation of the influence of the design on the UPD-stripping voltammetry of copper”poster at Electrochem 2005, Newcastle, UK (2005)

V. Beni, V. Ogurtsov, D. Arrigan “Non-linear voltammetry: an introduction to a voltammetric waveform with variable sweep rate”Electrochem 200, Newcastle, UK (2005)

A. Berduque, D. Arrigan “Biomimetic molecular extraction system based on the electrified liquid-liquid interface”lecture at Bioelectrochemistry-2005, Coimbra, Portugal (2005)

A. Berduque, D. Arrigan “The electrified liquid-liquid interface as a molecular extraction system”lecture at Analytical Research Forum, Plymouth, UK (2005) G. Bersuker, J. Peterson, J. Barnett, A. Korkin, J. H. Sim, R. Choi, B. H. Lee, J. C. Greer, P. Lysaght, H. R. Huff “Properties of the Interfacial Layer in High-k Gate Stack and Transistor Performance”Electrochemical Society, 207th Meeting, Quebec, Canada (2005) J.C. Birchall, S.A. Coulman, M. Pearton, C. Allender, K. Brain, D. Barrow, C. Gateley, A. Anstey, H. Sweetland, N. Wilke, A. Morrissey “Cutaneous Gene Delivery and Localised Expression Using Microfabricated Microneedle Arrays”British Society for Gene Therapy, Manchester, UK (2005) G.S. Buller, K.J. Gordan, V. Fernandez, R.J. Collins, S. Pellegrini, S.D. Cova and P.D. Townsend “An approach to high key exchange rate quantum key distribution in optical fibres”European Conference on Optical Communications, Glasgow, Scotland (2005)

O. Carroll, S.P. Hegarty, G. Huyet, B. Corbett, D. O'Brien “Length dependence of feedback sensitivity of InAs/GaAs quantum dot lasers”CLEO Europe 2005, Munich, Germany (2005) S.A. Coulman, C. Allender, A. Morrissey, N. Wilke, C. Gateley, A. Anstey, J. Birchall “Microneedle facilitated gene expression within ex vivo human skin” Skin Forum, Winchester, UK (2005) S.A. Coulman, D. Barrow, A. Anstey, C. Gateley, A. Morrissey, N. Wilke, C. Allender and J. Birchall “Microneedle facilitated gene delivery to human skin” British Society for Investigative Dermatology Annual Meeting, Cambridge, UK (2005)

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S.D. Elliott “Mechanisms of ozone ALD”American Vacuum Society Atomic Layer Deposition, San Jose, USA (2005)

D. Jones and J. O'Gorman “Index Patterned Fabry-Perot lasers for Novel Photonic Applications”SIOE, Cardiff, Wales (2005)

M. Gheorghe, P. Galvin, M. Curtin “Novel reaction

W. Gyoffry, J.C. Greer “Monte Carlo Estimates of

chambers for nanolitre-scale DNA hybridisation” NanoBioEurope, Muenster, Germany (2005)

R. Fehse, S.J. Sweeney, A.R. Adams, E.P. O’Reilly,

R. Ginige, B. Corbett, J. Hilgarth, H. von Kanel, G. Isella “Single Junction GaAs Solar cells on Ge Virtual Substrates grown directly on Silicon by LEPECVD”20th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition (2005)

Molecular Correlation Energies”Materials Research Society, Symposium LL: Combinatorial Methods and Informatics in Materials Science, Boston, MA, USA (2005)

R. Fehse, S. O'Brien, E.P. O'Reilly, J. Patchell,

H. Riechert and L. Geelhaar “Investigation of carrier recombination processes and transport properties in GaInAsN/GaAs quantum wells” Physics of Semiconductors, 27th Int. Conf. on the Physics of Semiconductors, ed. J. Menédez and C.G. Van de Walle, AIP Conference Proceedings (2005) V. Fernandez, K.J. Gordan, R.J. Collins, P.D. Townsend, S.D. Cova, I. Rech and G.S. Buller “Quantum key distribution in a multi-user network at Gigihertz clock rates” Microtechnologies for the New Millenium”SPIE, Seville, Spain (2005)

“Precursor combinations for ALD of rare earth oxides and silicates”EUROCVD-15, Bochum, Germany (2005)

Technology for Advanced Packaging”Opto-Ireland 2005, Royal Dublin Society, Dublin, Ireland (2005)

A.D. Ellis and F. C. Gunning “Achievement of 1 bit/s/Hz information spectral density using coherent WDM”OFC, Anaheim, California, USA (2005)

G. Gannon, D. Thompson, J.A. Larsson and J.C. Greer. “Molecular dynamics of beta-cyclodextrin-

A.D. Ellis and F. C. Gunning “Coherent WDM, towards > 1 bit/s/Hz information spectral density” OPTO Ireland, Dublin, Ireland (2005)

A.D. Ellis “Optical multiplexing for high speed systems” 7th International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks, ICTON 2005, Barcelona, Spain (2005)

terminated monolayers on Au(111)”Irish Atomistic Simulators Meeting ‘05. Trinity College Dublin, Ireland (2005) N. Gaponik, A. Shavel, L. Lu, R. Capek, A.L. Rogach, S.G. Romanov, C.M. Sotomayor Torres, A. Eychmüller “Colloidally synthesized nano-crystals as building blocks for photonics and optoelectronics”International Symposium OPTRO, Paris, France (2005)

W. Gyorffy, J.C. Greer “Low-lying electronic states of the NO dimer and statistical estimates of correlation energies”PACIFICHEM 2005, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA (2005)

J.C. Greer, G. Fagas, P. Delaney “Correlated electron transport for Nanoscale Electric Devices” Seminar Series of the Center for Atomic-Scale and material Physics (CAMP) University of Copenhagen, Denmark (2005)

J. C. Greer, G. Fagas, P. Delaney “Correlated Electron Transport in Oligomer Chains”PACIFICHEM 2005, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA (2005) F.C. Gunning, A.D. Ellis “Generation of a widely spaced optical frequency comb using a amplitude modulator pair”OPTO Ireland, Dublin, Ireland (2005)

F.C. Gunning, T. Healy, A.D. Ellis “298 Gbit/s coherent WDM transmission over 80 km of SMF at 1 bit/s/Hz spectral efficiency”European Conference on Optical Communications, Glasgow, Scotland (2005) F.C. Gunning, T. Healy, R. J. Manning, A.D. Ellis “Multi-banded coherent WDM”European Conference on Optical Communications, Glasgow, Scotland (2005) G. Hahn, A. Schonecker, A. R. Burgers, R. Ginige, K. Cherkaoui, D. Karg “Hydrogen kinetics in crystalline silicon-PECVD SiN studies in mc and Cz silicon”20th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition (2005)

Publications

S.D. Elliott, G. Scarel, M. Fanciulli and I. Fedushkin

C. Gallagher, P.J. Hughes, P. Tassie, K. Rodgers, J. Barton, J. Justice, D.P. Casey “Solder Jet

K.J. Gordon, V. Fernandez, R.J. Collins, I. Rech, S.D. Cova, P.D. Townsend and G.S. Buller “3.3 Gigahertz clocked quantum key distribution system”European Conference on Optical Communications, Glasgow, Scotland (2005)

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D. Dong, N.Lue, M. Zelsmann, N. Kehagias, C. M. Sotomayor Torres, L.F. Chi “Toward a simple nanofabrication method of conductive polymers on large area: a combination of nanoimprint lithography and a copolymer strategy,” 4th International Conference on Nanoimprint and Nanoprint Technology, NNT’05, Japan (2005)

energies by random sampling of configuration space” Columbus in Rio, a multi-reference school, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (2005)

and carrier mobility in GaNAs”APS, Los Angeles, USA (2005)

W. Gyorffy, J.C. Greer “Statistical estimate of FCI

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aqueous chemistry and interfacial reactions via magnetohydrodynamic propulsion”lecture at 207th meeting of the Electrochemical Society, Quebec, Canada (2005)

G. Gay, C. O'Dwyer, B. Viaris de Lesegno, J. Weiner, A. Balocchi “Nanolithography using a Cs Atom Pencil to Write on SAM-covered Substrates”Young Atom Opticians Conference XI, Hanover, Germany (2005)

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W. Doherty, J. West, D. Arrigan “Towards non-

S.B. Fahy “Quasi-localized states, electron scattering

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S.A. Coulman, C. Allender, D. Barrow, C. Gateley, A. Anstey, N. Wilke, A. Morrissey and J. C. Birchall “Microfabricated Microneedle Arrays That Facilitate the Cutaneous Delivery and Expression of Gene Therapy Formulations”UK & Ireland Controlled Release Society Annual Meeting, Birmingham, UK (2005)

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Publications G. Hahn, S. Seren, D. Karg, H. Charifi, A. Schönecker, A. R. Burgers, R. Ginige, K. Cherkaoui “Kinetics of Hydrogenation and Interaction with Oxygen in Crystalline Silicon”31st IEEE Photovoltaic Specialist Conference (2005)

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J. Hannon, C. Wegener, M.P. Kennedy “Strategic ADC Design Evaluation Based on Error Sources”Proc.

PRIME (2005)

C. Harris, E.P. O’Reilly “Theory of the energy gap of germanium and silicon nanowires”MSS12 Albuquerque NM, USA (2005)

S.B. Healy, A. Lindsay, E.P. O'Reilly “Influence of N cluster states on band dispersion in GaInNAs Quantum Wells”MSS12 Albuquerque NM, USA (2005) S. B. Healy, E. P. O'Reilly “Self consistent solution of a multi-band k.p Hamiltonian and Poisson's equation using a plane wave expansion method”NUSOD'05, Berlin, Germany (2005)

T. Healy, F.C. Gunning, A.D. Ellis “Performance

Publications

evaluation of FEC codes in highly spectrally efficient 42.6Gbit/s coherent WDM optical transmission system” European Conference on Optical Communications, Glasgow, Scotland (2005)

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T. Hofmann, M. Schubert, C. von Middendorff, G. Leibiger, V. Gotschalch, C.M. Herzinger, A. Lindsay, E.P. O’Reilly “The inertial-mass scale for free-chargecarriers in semiconductor heterostructures”Physics of Semiconductors: 27th Int. Conf. on the Physics of Semiconductors, ed. J. Menédez and C.G. Van de Walle, AIP Conference Proceedings 772, 455 (2005)

M. Hill, P. F O’Murchu, C. O’Mahony “Design and Modelling of a CMOS Integrated MEMS DC Voltage Converter”Universities Power Engineering Conference (UPEC 2005), Cork, Ireland (2005)

P.K. Hurley, B.J. O’Sullivan “Electrically Active Interface Defects In Si/SiO2 and Si(100)/HfO2 Structures” Invited Paper: Proceedings of the "Eighth International Symposium on Silicon Nitride, Silicon Dioxide Thin Insulating Films and Other Emerging Dielectrics, Electrochemical Society Meeting, Quebec, Canada (2005)

G. Huyet “The real world of artificial atoms” Optics and high Technology Material Science SPO 2005, Kiev, Ukraine (2005)

G. Huyet “Dynamics of quantum dot semiconductor

index in 1320 nm quantum-dot lasers”CLEO Europe 2005, Munich, Germany (2005)

G. Huyet “Sensitivity of quantum dot semiconductor

Density Functional Theory”International Conference of Computational Methods in Science and Engineering 2005. Loutraki, Greece (2005)

G. Gruetzner “3D device-like structures fabricated by reversal UV-curing lithography”4th International Conference on Nanoimprint and Nanoprint technology, NNT’05, Japan (2005)

N. Kehagias, M. Zelsmann, C.M. Sotomayor Torres “Polymer optical devices made by reverse and

M. Hill, C. O’Mahony “Mechanical Design and PSpice Performance Evaluation of a MEMS DC/DC Converter” Proc. Micromechanics Europe, Goteborg, Sweden (2005)

S.P. Hegarty, O. Carroll, S. Melnik, J. Houlihan, J.G. McInerney, G. Huyet “Differential refractive

T. Henderson “Embedding Wave Function Theory in

N. Kehagias, C. Jeppensen, M. Zelsmann, C.M. Sotomayor Torres, K. Peiffer, G. Ahrens and

lasers”Photonics West, San Jose, California, USA (2005) lasers to optical feedback”International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks 2005, Barcelona, Spain (2005) G. Hynes, J. Barton, B. O’Flynn, K. Aherne, A. Norman, K. Twomey, A. Morrissey “25mm Sensor-Actuator Layer: A Miniature, Highly Adaptable Interface Layer For The Plants Project”Eurosensors XIX, Barcelona, Spain (2005)

3D nanoimprint lithography”Proc. SPIE Int. Soc. Opt. Eng. 5825, 654-660 (2005)

N. Kehagias, M. Zelsmann, C.M. Sotomayor Torres “3D Polymer Superstructures fabricated by A. Jaksic, Y. Kimoto, A. Mohammadzadeh, W. Hajdas “RADFET response to proton irradiation under different biasing configurations” Proc. 8th European Conference on Radiation and its Effects on Components and Systems RADECS (2005)

F. Jonsson, S. Arpiainen, J. Romero-Vivas, S.G. Romanov, J. Ye, R. Zentel, C.M. Sotomayor Torres and J. Ahopelto “Towards Si-based photonic circuits: integrating photonic crystals in Si platforms”7th International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks ICTON and European Symposium on Photonic Crystals, Barcelona, Spain (2005)

N. Kehagias, M. Zelsmann, C. Jepessen, V. Reboud and C.M. Sotomayor Torres “Nanoimprint Lithography for 3D Nanopatterning”Fall Meeting of the MRS, Boston, USA (2005)

N. Kehagias, A. Goldschmidt, C. Clavijo-Cedeno, A.P. Kam, J. Seekamp, M. Zelsmann, U Scherf, T. Farrell, C.M. Sotomayor Torres “Nanoimprint lithography for the fabrication of organic photovoltaic cells”2nd VolkswagenStiftung Symposium on Complex Materials, Stuttgart, Germany. (2005)

means of “Reverse”Nanoimprint Llithography”EIPBN conference, Orlando, USA (2005)

N. Kehagias, M. Zelsmann, C.M. Sotomayor Torres “Polymer Photonic Devices Fabricated By “Reverse”and Nanoimprint Techniques”CLEO Europe conference, Munich, Germany (2005)

N. Kehagias, M. Zelsmann, C.M. Sotomayor Torres “Polymer optical devices made by reverse and nanoimprint lithography”Opto-Ireland Conference, Dublin, Ireland (2005)

F. Kivlehan, W. Mace, H. Moynihan, D. Arrigan “Electroanalytical Evaluation of Calix-Anionophores” poster at Analytical Research Forum, Plymouth, UK (2005) S. Kononchuk, R.V. Parfeniev, D.V. Shamshur, A.V. Chernyaev, S.G. Romanov, and A.V. Fokin “Nanostructured I and II type superconducting materials based on opal matrix”24th Int. Conf. On Low Temperature Physics, Florida, USA (2005)

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V. Lavayen, E. Benavente, C.M. Sotomayor Torres, G. González “Inorganic Fullerenes: From Lamellar Precursors to Functionalized Nanotubes”ChinaNANO2005.

China International Conference on Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, China (2005)

inertial measurement system (WIMS) for an interactive dance environment”Sensors & their Applications XIII, Greenwich, Kent, England (2005)

Miniaturised Inertial Measurement Units for Automotive Heads Up Displays”29th IMAPS – Poland Chapter Conference 2005, Dar∏ówko, Poland (2005)

electronic dispersion compensation of the full optical field”Optical Fibre Communications and Electronic Signal Processing, London, UK (2005)

F. Lin, M. Mac Sweeney, A. Mathewson, M.M. Sheehan “A photon-counting avalanche photo-

B. Majeed, A. Lynch, J. Barton, B. O’ Flynn, C. O’Mathuna, K. Delaney “3-D Packaging of

D. Mc Peake, I. Bosa, A. Lindsay, S. Fahy, E.P. O’Reilly “Localisation and exciton line-width

MEMS Sensors for Development of Miniaturised Inertial Measurement Unit”IMAPS Nordic Conference 2005, Tønsberg, Norway (2005)

broadening in the dilute nitride, GaNAs”Applied Physical Society APS, Los Angles, USA (2005)

diode array with fully integrated active quenching and recharging circuit”SPIE Opto-Ireland Conference (2005)

V.Lavayen, G. Cardenas, G. Gonzalez, C.M. Sotomayor Torres “Functionalisation of Vanadium Pentoxide Nanotubes with Gold Nanoparticles”XIXth International Winterschool on Electronic Properties of Novel Materials, Kirchberg, Austria (2005)

M. Lishchynska, N. Cordero, O. Slattery, C. O’Mahony “Evaluation of spring constant in plates

V. Lavayen, M. Moreno, C.M. Sotomayor Torres, G. González, E. Benabente “Functionalisation of bentonite by intercalation of surfactants”8th International Conference on Frontiers of Polymers and Advanced Materials (ICFPAM), Cancun, Mexico (2005)

with straight suspensions”Proc. EuroSimE, Berlin, Germany (2005)

M. Lishchynska, M.A.F. van den Boogaart, J. Brugger, L. Doeswijk “Simulation Study on Mechanical Stabilisation of MEMS Stencils for Nanolithography”Proc.

Micromechanics Europe, Gothenburg, Sweden (2005)

M. Lishchynska, O. Slattery, C. O’Mahony “Spring Constant models for MEMS Devices Based on Elastically Suspended Plates”Proc. Micromechanics Europe,Goteborg, Sweden (2005)

B. Majeed, J. Barton, K. Delaney, S. Bellis, K.M. Razeeb, B. O'Flynn, A. Lynch, S.C. O'Mathuna “3-D Microsensor Modules for Future

D. Mc Peake, I. Bosa, A. Lindsay, S. Fahy, E.P. O'Reilly “Theory of exciton linewidth broadening and reduced mobility in GaNAs alloys”MSS12 Albuquerque NM, USA (2005)

Intelligent Environments”International Conference and Exhibition on Device Packaging, Scottsdale, AZ USA (2005)

B. Majeed, J.B. van Sinte, J. Barton, I. Paul, S.C. O’Mathuna “Material Characterisation And Process Development For Miniaturised Wireless Sensor Network Module”IEEE Ph.D Research in Microelectronics and Electronics (PRIME) Conference, (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland (2005) M. Malátek, A. Tipek, P. Kaspar and M. Dvorák “Permalloy shielding with temperature chamber”50th Magnetism and magnetic material conference, San Jose, California, USA. (2005)

Publications

Formation of Vanadium Pentoxide Nanofibres”Science and Technology of Inorganic Nanowires, Bad Honnef, Germany (2005)

M.E. McCarthy, A.D. Ellis “Low cost receiver side

P.L Le Barny, E.T. Obert, F. Soyer, J.P. Malval, I. Leray, N. Lemaître, R. Pansu, V. Simic, H. Doyle, G. Redmond, B. Loiseaux, “Detection of Nitroaromatic Compounds Based on Photoluminescent Side Chain Polymers.” Proc.

SPIE 5990, 91 (2005)

A.Lindsay, S. Fahy, E.P. O’Reilly “Theory of Electron Effective Mass And Mobility in Dilute Nitride Alloys”Physics of Semiconductors: 27th Int. Conf. on the Physics of Semiconductors, ed. J. Menédez and C.G. Van de Walle, AIP Conference Proceedings 772, 277 (2005)

V. Lavayen, M.A. Santa Ana, E. Benavente, G. Gonzalez, C.M. Sotomayor Torres “Study and

A. Lynch, J. Barton, B. O’Flynn, F. Murphy, S.C. O’Mathuna “Design and Fabrication of

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P. Larsson, C. Moysés Araújo, J. A. Larsson, R. Ahuja “An Ab Initio study of the Crystalline and Nanostructured pure and M-Doped MgH2”2nd International symposium on Hydrogen in Matter, Uppsala, Sweden (2005)

“Molybdenum Disulfide and Vanadium Pentoxide Nanotubes intercalated with Long Alkyl Amines.

Mechanism of the Laminar Precursors Enrolled by Hydrothermal Treatment”IX Meetings Chilean Inorganic Chemistry, Santiago, Chile (2005)

G. Maxwell, R. McDougall, R. Harmon, M. Nield, L. Rivers, A. Poustie, F. Gunning, X Yang, A.D. Ellis, R. Webb and R. Manning “WDM-enabled, 40 GB/s Hybrid Integrated All – Optical regenerator”European Conference on Optical Communications, Glasgow, Scotland (2005)

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trode arrays for analytical nanosensor development” lecture at IMA’05 International Conference on Instrumental Methods of Analysis, Crete, Greece (2005)

A. Lynch, B. Majeed, B. O’Flynn, J. Barton, F. Murphy, K. Delaney, S.C. O’Mathuna “A wireless

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Y. Lanyon, Y. Watson, G. di Marzi, A. Quinn, G. Redmond, D. Arrigan “Fabrication of nanoelec-

V. Lavayen, M.A. Santa Ana. N. Mirabal, E. Benavente, J. Seekamp, C.M. Sotomayor Torres, G. González

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S. Kulkarni, S. Roy, T. O’Donnell, S. Beeby, J. Tudor “Design and fabrication of electromagnetic micropower generator using electroplated micromagnets on Silicon” 50th Magnetism and Magnetic Materials(MMM) San Jose, California, USA (2005)

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Publications S.G. Melnik, G. Huyet, A. Uskov “Phase-amplitude Coupling of Semiconductor Quantum Dot Lasers” CLEO/Europe-EQEC Munich. Germany (2005)

P.A. Millner, T.D. Gibson, H. Hays, A. Vakurov, S. Weiss, M. Prodromidis, V.I. Ogurtsov, M.M. Sheehan

E. Moore, M. Curtin, J. Blackburn, P. Galvin

in Alkanethiol Self-Assembled Monolayers on Au{111}” Proc. Electrochem. Soc. (2005)

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A. Anstey, C. Gateley, C. Allender, K. Brain, J.C. Birchall “Determination of Mechanical Properties of Silicon and Polymer Microneedles”Engineering in Medicine & Biology European Conference EMBEC, Prague, Czech.

Republic (2005)

M. Morrissey, K. Deasy, B. Shortt, A. Yarovitskiy, S. Nic Chormaic “Laser Cooling and Trapping of Rubidium Atoms”2nd IUPAP, Women in Physics Conference (2005)

Publications

S. Nic Chormaic, E. McLoughlin, F. Gunning “The Current Situation of Women in Physics in Ireland” Proc. 2nd IUPAP Women in Physics Conference, AIP 133 (2005)

A. Morrissey, N. Wilke, S.A. Coulman, M. Pearton,

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to-optically cooled rubidium atoms”Proc. SPIE 5826, 83, 93 (2005)

“Immunosensors; a choice of monolayers or matrices” XVIII International Symposium on Bioelectrochemistry and Bioenergetics/3rd ISE Spring Meeting, Coimbra, Portugal (2005) “Selective control over release and re-immobilisation of DNA from electrode films modified with thiol-disulphide exchange chemistry”CHIPs to HITS 2005, Boston, USA (2005)

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S. Nic Chormaic, A. Yarovitskiy, B. Shortt, K. Deasy, M. Morrissey “Precision control of magne-

M. Morrissey, K. Deasy, B. Shortt, A. Yarovitskiy, S. Nic Chormaic “Laser Cooling and Trapping of Rubidium Atoms”Physics05, Warwick, UK (2005)

F. Murphy-Amando, S. Fahy “First-principles

C. O’ Dwyer “STM Observation of Sulfur Dimerisation

S. O’Brien, G. Redmond, G.M. Crean, J. Krueger & G. Von Papen, “Polymer Materials Science and Processing Technologies for Planar Lightwave Circuit Manufacture”Proc. SPIE 5731, 39 (2005) K. O’Donoghue, J. Gleeson, M.P. Kennedy “Influence of Coupling-Factor on the Spectrum of a Noisy Oscillator”Proc. ECCTD 2005, 3, 417 (2005) K. O’Donoghue, M.P. Kennedy, P. Forbes “A Fast and Simple Implementation of Chua’s Oscillator Using a “Cubic-like”Chua Diode”Proc. ECCTD 2005, 2, 83 (2005)

C. O’Dwyer “Nanoporous InP: Anodic Formation and

“Spectral Manipulation in Fabry Perot Lasers with nonperiodic gratings”NUSOD'05, Berlin, Germany (2005)

Growth Mechanism in Aqueous Electrolytes”Presented at State-of- the-Art programme on compound semiconductors, XLII, 207th meeting of the Electrochemical Society. Quebec, Canada (2005)

S. O’Brien “Plasmonic split-ring resonators”Surface Plasmon Photonics 2, Austria (2005)

C. O’Dwyer “STM Observation of Sulfur Dimerisation

S. O'Brien, A. Amann, R. Fehse, E.P. O'Reilly

S. O'Brien “Magnetic Activity in Structured Metallic Photonic Crystals”BAMC, Liverpool, UK (2005)

in Alkanethiol Self-Assembled Monolayers on Au{111}” Electrocatalysis, 207th Meeting of The Electrochemical Society, Quebec, Canada (2005)

B. O’Flynn, A. Barroso, S. Bellis, J. Benson, U. Roedig, K. Delaney, J. Barton, C. Sreenan, C. O’Mathuna “The Development of a Novel Miniaturised modular Platform for Wireless Sensor Networks” The Fourth International Conference on Information Processing in Sensor Networks (IPSN'05),UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA (2005)

C. O’Keeffe, Rachit Agarwal, Emanuel Popovici, Brendan O’Flynn “Low Power Hardware

calculation of alloy scattering of n-type carriers in SiGe" APS March meeting , Los Angeles, USA (2005)

and Software Implementation of IDEA NXD Algorithm” Irish Signals & Systems Conference, ISSC 2005, Dublin, Ireland (2005)

D. Murphy, M. Qu, J. Buckley, M.P. Kennedy “Observations on the Relationship Between Energy Transfer Efficiency and Phase Noise in an LC Oscillator” Proc. ECCTD 2005, 3, 313 (2005)

D. O’Neill, D. Bourke, M.P. Kennedy “The Devil’s Staircase as a Method of Comparing Injection-Locked Frequency Divider Topologies”Proc. ECCTD 2005, 3, 317 (2005)

D. O’Neill, D. Bourke, Z. Ye, M.P. Kennedy “Accurate Modeling and Validation of an Injection-Locked Frequency Divider”Proc. ECCTD 2005, 3, 409 (2005)

T. O'Donnell, O. Chevalerias, G. Grant, S. O'Mathuna, N. O'Donnovan, D. Power “Inductive Powering Of Sensor Modules”Proceedings of the Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC) Austin, Texas (2005)

B. O'Flynn, A. Lynch, K. Aherne, A. Murphy, J. Rothwell, A.M. Barasso, J. O'Mahony “Implementation of a Wearable Wireless Sensor Network”29th IMAPS – Poland Chapter Conference 2005, Dar∏ówko, Poland (2005) B. O'Flynn, A. Lynch, K. Aherne, A. Murphy, J. Rothwell, A.M. Barasso, J. O'Mahony “Implementation of a Wearable Wireless Sensor Network”Proc. 29th IMAPS, 287 (2005) V.I Ogurtsov, A. Vakurov, M.M. Sheehan, P.A. Millner, T.D. Gibson “Impedance study of a polypyrrole-gold silicon sensor”XVIII International Symposium on Bioelectrochemistry and Bioenergetics/3rd ISE Spring Meeting, Coimbra, Portugal (2005) E.P. O'Reilly “Theory of Photon Mode Engineering and Bandstructure Engineering in Semiconductor Lasers” Celebrating Einstein and Hamilton, IOPI Annual General Meeting (2005)

E.P. O'Reilly, A. Uskov “Towards a theory of high speed operation of quantum dot semiconductor optical amplifiers”Opto Ireland (2005) J.A. O'Sullivan, K.G. McCarthy, A.C. Murphy, P.J. Murphy “ Verification of Layout Efficient Shield-Based De-Embedding Techniques for On-Wafer HBT Characterisation up to 30GHz”Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Microelectronic Test Structures, 119 (2005)

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M.E. Pemble “CVD Processes, Past, Present and Future”5th ISEC, Minneapolis, USA (2005)

photonic band structures via the ALD infiltration of GaAs into synthetic opals”EUROCVD. Bocum, Germany (2005)

M.F. Pereira Jr., H. Wenzel “Coulomb-Induced Structure in the Intersubband Spectra of Quantum Wells” CLEO/QELS, Baltimore, USA (2005) M.F. Pereira Jr., “Coulomb Effects in Intersubband Optical Properties of Semiconductors”International Semiconductor Conference, Sinaia, Romania (2005)

M.F. Pereira Jr., S.B. Healy, H. Wenzel, E.P. O'Reilly “Microscopic theory for intersubband optical

S.G. Romanov, C.M. Sotomayor Torres

responses of quantum well lasers”Opto Ireland 2005, Dublin, Ireland (2005)

“Propagation and Scattering of light in opal heterojunctions, Trends in Nanotechnology 2005, Oviedo, Spain (2005)

M.F. Pereira Jr., H. Wenzel “Green's Functions Theory

S.G. Romanov, C.M. Sotomayor Torres

for Light Generation, Emission and Amplification of Quantum Cascade Lasers:A Numerical Tool for Characterisation and Design of New Materials and Devices”Mid-infrared Optoelectronics: Materials and Devices, Lancaster, UK (2005)

“Scattered light spectroscopy of thin film opals and hetero-opals”PECS-VI: International Symposium on Photonic and Electromagnetic Crystal Structures, Crete, Greece (2005)

H. Pinto, S. D. Elliott “Theoretical studies on strongly

G. Redmond “Manipulating the Electronic Properties

correlated systems: bulk and surfaces of magnetite Fe3O4”American Physical Society March Meeting, Los Angles, California, USA (2005)

of Artificial Atom Solids Based on Ligand Stabilised Metal Nanocrystals”Materials Research Society Fall Meeting, Boston, USA (2005)

I.M. Povey, M. Bardosova, K. Thomas, M.E. Pemble, D.E. Whitehead “GaAs Infiltration

G. Redmond “New Mesoscale Structures and Selfassembly Methods for Next Generation Technologies” Future Integrated Systems Conference (2005)

of thin opaline films”14th International workshop on heterostructure technology HETECH05, Bratislava, Slovikia (2005)

I.M. Povey, M. Bardosova, K. Thomas, M.E. Pemble, D.E. Whitehead “GaAs Infiltration of thin opaline films”ALD 2005 San Jose, USA (2005)

K.M. Razeeb, I.Z. Rahman, A. Boboc, M.A. Rahman “Study of Magnetic Interaction of Ni Nanowires Array within NCA template”50th Annual Conference on Mangetism and Magnetic Materials, San Jose, California, USA (2005)

G. Redmond “Artificial Atom Solids Based on Nanocrystal Quantum Dots: Synthesis and Electrical Properties”European Materials Research Society Spring Meeting (E-MRS 2005), Strasbourg, France (2005)

J.F. Rohan, B.M. Ahern, L.C.Nagle “DMAB Oxidation for Electroless Deposition from Alkaline Solutions.” 208th Meeting of The Electrochemical Society. Los Angeles, California, USA (2005)

S.G. Romanov, C.M. Sotomayor Torres, D.N. Chigrin, N. Gaponik, A. Eychmueller, A. L. Rogach, M. Egen, J. Ye, R. Zentel “Opal Heterojunctions as Functionalised Photonic Crystals”MRS-Europe 2005 Spring Meeting, Strasbourg, France (2005)

S.G. Romanov, C.M. Sotomayor Torres, M. Egen, R. Zentel “Light transport in hetero-opal photonic crystals”SPIE Opto-Ireland, Dublin, Ireland (2005)

S.G. Romanov, C.M. Sotomayor Torres, A. Susha, D. Wang, F. Caruso “Topology of gold nanoparticle distribution and optical properties of opal-based metal-dielectric photonic crystals”PECS-VI: International Symposium on Photonic and Electromagnetic Crystal Structures, Crete, Greece (2005) S.G. Romanov, D.N. Chigrin, T. Maka, M. Müller, R. Zentel, C.M. Sotomayor Torres “Light emission in 3D opal-based photonic crystals”SPIE Opto-Ireland, Dublin, Ireland (2005) J. Romero-Vivas, D. N. Chigrin, A.V. Lavrinenko and C. M. Sotomayor Torres “Design of WDM add-drop filter based on a photonic quasicrystal”OPTO-Ireland, Dublin, Ireland (2005)

J. Romero-Vivas, D. N. Chigrin, A.V. Lavrinenko and C. M. Sotomayor Torres “Ring resonator add/drop filter based on a photonic crystal”PECS-VI, International Symposium on Photonic and Electromagnetic Crystal Structures. Crete, Greece (2005)

Publications

M.E. Pemble, M.Bardosova, I.M. Povey, K. Thomas and D.E. Whitehead “Growth of novel

“Propagation and Scattering of light in opal heterojunctions”12th International Conference on Modulated Semiconductor Structures, Albuquerque, USA (2005)

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M. Pearton, D. Barrow, A. Anstey, C. Gateley, A. Morrissey, N .Wilke, C. Allender, K. Brain and J. Birchall “Disruption of stratum corneum by microfabricated microneedles for gene delivery from hydrogels” British Society for Investigative Dermatology Annual Meeting, Cambridge, UK (2005)

nonparabolicity effects in the intersubband transitions of conduction and valence bands of quantum well media”CLEO/Europe-EQEC, Munich, Germany (2005)

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M. Pearton, D. Barrow, C. Gateley, A. Anstey, N. Wilke, A. Morrissey, C. Allender, K. Brain and J. Birchall “Hydrogels based on PLGA-PEG-PLGA triblock co-polymers as sustained release reservoirs for the delivery of pDNA to microneedle treated human skin”British Pharmaceutical Conference, Mancherter, England (2005)

S.G. Romanov, C.M. Sotomayor Torres

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M. Parle, M.P. Kennedy “Comments on the effectiveness of the Szabo and Kolumban solution to false lock in a Sampling PLL Frequency Synthesizer”Proc. ECCTD 2005, 3, 413 (2005)

M.F. Pereira Jr., H. Wenzel “Many body and

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J. Paez, V. Lavayen, M.A. Santa Ana, G. Gonzalez, O.R. Nascimento, C.J. Magon, J.P. Donoso, E. Benavente “Electron paramagnetic resonance study of HDA vanadium pentoxide intercalation compounds.” 8th International Conference on Frontiers of Polymers and Advanced Materials (ICFPAM), Cancun, Mexico (2005)

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Publications C. M. Sotomayor Torres “A Career in Science”joint meeting of Women in Irish Technology & Sciences and Women in Optics groups, Opto-Ireland, Dublin, Ireland (2005)

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C.M. Sotomayor Torres “Nanophotonics: Achievements and Challenges”SPIE Opto-Ireland, Dublin, Ireland (2005) G. Talli, P.D. Townsend “Feasibility demonstration of 100km reach DWDM Super PON with Upstream bit rates of 2.5Gb/s and 10Gb/s”OFC 2005 Anaheim, California, USA (2005)

G. Talli, P.D. Townsend “100km reach DWDM Super

S. Roy, T.O’Donnell, N. Wang, S.C. O’Mathuna “Integrated Magnetics on silicon for power supply on Chip”Oral presentation at 15th European Microelectronics and Packaging conference, EMPC-05, Brugge, Belgium (2005)

Publications

S. Roy, T.O’Donnell, S. Kulkarni, C. Saha

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“Vibrational Energy Scavenging: Design and fabrication of micropower generator”Invited oral presentation at International conference of Magnetic MEMS and Micromachines, Crete. Greece (2005)

C. Saha, T. O’Donnell, S. Beeby, J. Tudor “Electromagnetic Micro- Generator For Different Applications”Universities Power Engineering Conference, Cork, Ireland (2005)

B. Shortt, R. Carey, S. Nic Chormaic “Characterisation of Er:ZBNA microspherical lasers” Proc. SPIE 5827, 47 (2005)

D. Thompson, I. M. Ciobîc , B.K. Hodnett, R.A. van Santen, M.O. Fanning “A combined theoretical and experimental study of vanadium phosphorus oxide catalysts”Invited lecture at International Symposium Catalysis on oxide-type materials. Theory and experiment : share needs and capabilities. Krakow, Poland (2005)

P. D. Townsend, G. Talli, E. K. MacHale, C. W. Chow “10Gb/s hybrid WDM-TDM long reach PON’s”Networks and Optical Communications Conference, Berlin, Germany (2005) A. Tipek, T. O’Donnell, A. Connell, P. McCloskey, S.C. O’Mathuna “PCB Fluxgate Current Sensor with

PON with upstream bit rates of 2.5 Gb/s and 10Gb/s” OPTO Ireland, Dublin, Ireland (2005)

saturable inductor”EurosensorsXIX, Barcelona, Spain (2005)

D. Thompson, J.A. Larsson “A molecular dynamics

E. Twomey, C.O'Donovan, D.B. Papkovsky, J. Alderman, A. Mathewson “Respirometric

free energy study of competitive guest binding to beta-cyclodextrin”Oral presentation at Irish Atomistic Simulators Meeting ‘05. Trinity College Dublin, Ireland (2005)

D. Thompson, P. Plateau, T. Simonson “Experimentally-validated free energy simulations reveal long-range electrostatic interactions and substrate-assisted binding specificity in an aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase”Poster presentation at Biomolecular Simulations : from prediction to practice. MGMS, Annual International Meeting 2005. Trinity College Dublin, Ireland (2005)

D. Thompson, P. Plateau, T. Simonson “Free energy simulations and experiments reveal substrate-assisted binding specificity in aspartyl-tRNA synthetase”Poster presentation at Irish Atomistic Simulators Meeting 05.

Trinity College Dublin, Ireland (2005)

Biochip and System for Embryo Assessment” EuroSensors ’05, Barcelona, Spain (2005) A. Vakurov, V. I.Ogurtsov, P. A. Millner, T.D. Gibson, M.M. Sheehan “Stabilizing of gold-polypyrrole layer on silicon sensor electrodes by treatment with thiol compounds”XVIII International Symposium on Bioelectrochemistry and Bioenergetics/3rd ISE Spring Meeting, Coimbra, Portugal (2005) M.A. van den Boogaart F, M. Lishchynska, L.M. Doeswijk, J.C. Greer, J. Brugger “In-situ stabilisation of membranes for improved large-area and high-density nanostencil lithography”Proc. Transducers’05, Seoul, S. Korea (2005) A. Wacker, M. Pereira Jr. “Modelling of Transport and Gain in Quantum Cascade Lasers”5th International Conference Numerical Simulation of Optoelectronic Devices, Berlin, Germany (2005)

N. Wang, S.C. O'Mathuna, T. O’Donnell, S. Roy, P. McCloskey, A. Connell “Magnetics on silicon using electroplated magnetic materials”Proceedings of International conference on Microelectronic Device Packaging, (IMAPS), Arizona, USA (2005)

N. Wang, T. O’Donnell “An Improved Calculation of Copper Losses in Integrated Power Inductors on Silicon” Universities Power Engineering Conference, Cork, Ireland (2005) J. Ward, B. Shortt, S. Nic Chormaic “Investigation of the spectral behaviour of microspherical lasers”ICOLS, Aviemore, Scotland (2005)

R. P. Webb, X. Yang, R.J. Mannind, R. Giller “All-optical 40Gb/s logic XOR gate with duel ultra fast nonlinear interferometers”European Conference on Optical Communications, Glasgow, Scotland (2005)

C. Wegener, M.P. Kennedy “Comparison of Algorithms for Computing INL from Sinewave Histogram”In Proc. ADDA (2005)

C. Wegener, M.P. Kennedy “Innovation to Overcome Limitations of Test Equipment”Proc. ECCTD 2005, 1, 309 (2005)

D. Whitehead, M.E. Pemble, M. Bardosova, R.H. Tredgold “Enhanced Photonic Properties of Thin Opaline Films as a Consequence of Embedded Nanoparticles”14th International workshop on heterostructure tech-nology HETECH05, Bratislava, Slovakia (2005)

N. Wilke, D. Hoffmann, A. Morrissey “Silicon Microneedle Formation Used Modified Mask Designs Based on Convex Corner Undercut”Mikrosystemtechnik Kongress, Freiburg, Germany (2005)

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Publications MOS-AK Workshop, Grenoble, France (2005)

Field Distribution During Electroporation”Engineering in Medicine & Biology European Conference EMBEC, Prague, Czech Republic (2005)

D. Arrigan “Electrified liquid-liquid interfaces as bio-

J. Buckley, B. O'Flynn, B. Majeed, K. Aherne, J. Barton, S.C. O'Mathuna “Development of

rare earth oxides”ESF Exploratory Workshop on Rare Earth Oxide Thin Films: growth, characterisation and applications, San Remo, Italy (2005)

D.P. Williams, A.D. Andreev, E.P. O’Reilly, J.H. Rice, J.W. Robinson, A. Jarjour, J.D. Smith, R.A. Taylor, G.A.D. Briggs, Y. Arakawa, S. Yasin “Theoretical And Experimental Investigation Of Biexcitons And Charged Excitons in InGaN Single Quantum Dots”Physics of Semiconductors: 27th Int. Conf. on the Physics of Semiconductors, ed. J. Menédez and C.G. Van de Walle, AIP Conference Proceedings 772, 695 (2005)

R. Zazpe, C. Hibert, J. O’Brien, D. Arrigan “Electroanalytical performance of microporous silicon membranes”poster at Analytical Research Forum, Plymouth, UK (2005) R. Zentel, M. Egen, F. Fleischhaker, B. Lange, J. Ye, S.G. Romanov, C.M. Sotomayor Torres “Photonic Crystals from Polymer Colloids: Perspective as colouring agents and for photonics”International Polymer Materials Engineering Conference, Shangai, China (2005)

mimetic sensors”Invited Lecture presented at Synthesis and Characterisation of Biological/Nonbiological Interfaces meeting, JRC Ispra, Italy (2005)

D. Arrigan “Nano- and micro-patterned structures for Ion sensing”invited lecture at SWIG Nanotechnology: Opportunities for Monitoring Sensing meeting (2005) F. Beug, M. Manning, R. Duane, B. Darcy “Validation of a Capacitive Measurement System for DNA Detection”IRCSET (2005)

M. Bardosova, C.M. Sotomayor-Torres, M. Pemble, R.H. Tredgold, D. Whitehead

Miniaturised Antennas for Wireless Sensor Networks” Information Technology & Telecommunications Conference 2005, National Maritime College, Cork Institute of Technology, Ireland (2005)

S.D. Elliott, H.P. Pinto “Charge and spin order in the bulk and surface of magnetite”Seagate Nanomagnetics Workshop, Derry, N. Ireland (2005)

F. Chalvet, M. Bardosova, M.E. Pemble, I.M. Povey, D.E. Whitehead “Synthesis of

description of electronic transport across molecular junctions”Oral Presentation, Niels Bohr Summer Institute on Transport in Mesoscopic and Single-Molecule Systems, Copenhagen, Denmark (2005)

Germanium-Infilled Opal Photonic Crystals using Supercritical Fluids”14th International workshop on heterostructure technology HETECH05 (2005)

M. Crowley, A.V. Uskov, A.D. Andreev, E.P. O'Reilly “Theory of Pattern-free Pulse Train amplification

“Photoluminescence of Multilayers of RhodamineLabelled Silica Spheres Deposited by the LB Method” 14th International workshop on heterostructure technology HETECH05 (2005)

in reduced dimensional semiconductor optical amplifier” Summer school in Semiconductor Nanostructures and Optoelectronic Devices (2005)

J. Barton, B. O’Flynn, P. Angove, A. Gonzalez, J. O’Donoghu, J. Herbert “Wireless Sensor Networks

K. Deasy, M. Morrissey, T. Mapperson, B. Shortt, A. Yarovitskiy, S. Nic Chormaic “Sustainable MOT and

and Pervasive Patient Monitoring”Information Technology & Telecommunications Conference 2005, National Maritime College, Cork Institute of Technology, Ireland Proc. 309-310 (2005)

temperature measurements”Quantum Engineering Workshop Cork (2005)

Microneedles For Gene Delivery to Human Skin”Joint Meeting of the Society of Cutaneous Ultrastructure Research (SCUR) and the International Society of Skin Pharmacology and Physiology (ISP) (2005) M.A.F. van den Boogaart, M. Lishchynska, L.M. Doeswijk, J.C. Greer, J. Brugger “Increased pattern definition of nanostencil lithography by means of in-situ stabilisation of membranes”Emerging Nanopatterning Methods (NaPa) Mini-Conference, Lausanne, Switzerland (2005)

“Creating Disappearing Computers: Using Augmented Materials to Build Collaborative Augmented Artifacts” Information Technology & Telecommunications Conference 2005, National Maritime College, Cork Institute of Technology, Ireland (2005) S. Dobson, K. Delaney, K.M. Razeeb, S. Tsvetkov “A co-designed hardware/software architecture for augmented materials”Mobility Aware Technologies and Applications Second International Workshop, MATA 2005, Montreal, Canada, Proceedings Series: Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 3744, 43 (2005)

G. Fagas, P. Delaney, J.C. Greer “Many-body

J.C. Greer, G. Fagas, P. Delaney “Simulations of correlated electronic transport across molecular junctions”15th Workshop on Modelling and Simulation of Electron Devices, Pisa, Italy (2005)

J.C. Greer, T.M. Henderson, A. Korkin, G. Bersuker, R.J. Bartlett “Oxygen Vacancies at the Si/SiO2 Interface” NATO Advanced Research Workshop: Defects in Advanced High K Dielectrics, Nanoelectronic Semiconductor Devices, St. Petersburg, Russia (2005)

S. Harte, A. Rahman, K.M. Razeeb “Fault Tolerance In Sensor Networks Using Self-diagnosing Sensor Nodes”Intelligent Environments 2005 (IE05) The IEE International workshop, Essex, UK (2005)

S. Harte, B. O'Flynn, J. Barton, C. O'Mathuna “Software Development for Minituarised Wireless Systems”IRCSET National Research Symposium 2005, RDS, Dublin, Ireland (2005)

G. Huyet “Quantum dot semiconductor lasers” Second 'Rio de la Plata' Workshop on Noise, Chaos and Complexity in Lasers and Nonlinear Optics, Colonia, Uruguay (2005)

Publications

J.C. Birchall, S.A Coulman, D. Barrow, A. Anstey, C. Gateley, A. Morrissey, “Microfabricated

K. Delaney, S. Dobson, K.M. Razeeb, J. Barton

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S.D. Elliott “Models for ALD and MOCVD growth of

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V. Bourenkov, K.G. McCarthy “Table Based Models”

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Workshops

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N. Wilke, J. O’Brien, G. Casey, T. Doody, D. Soden, A. Morrissey “Influence of Electrode Design on Electric

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Publications G. Hynes, J. Barton, S. Bellis, B. O’Flynn, K.M. Razeeb, K. Delaney, A.M. Barroso, S.C. O’Mathuna “Wireless Sensor Network Hardware for Environmental Applications”TinyOS Technology Exchange, University of California Berkeley, USA (2005)

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A. Jaksic, V. Ogourtsov “RADFET ground calibration

trode arrays using FIB milling and their characterisation by cyclic voltammetry”lecture at ERMIS8 – Electrode Reaction Mechanisms and Interfacial Structure meeting, Freudenstaddt-Lanterbad, Germany (2005)

Characterisation of a Wireless Inertial Measurement Unit for Integration to a Wireless Network Scenario” Information Technology & Telecommunications Conference 2005, National Maritime College, Cork Institute of Technology, Ireland (2005)

Rubidium Atoms”Institute of Physics Ireland Spring Meeting, Newbridge, Ireland (2005)

A. Jaksic, V. Ogourtsov “The use of RADFETs for

in Anionic Matrices Urea- and Thiourea Halogen”6th Annual Symposium on Supramolecular Chemistry in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland (2005)

“3D Opal Photonic Crystals grown on patterned Silicon platforms”International Workshop on Photonic and Electromagnetic Crystal Structures PECS PECS VI, Crete, Greece (2005)

N. Kehagias, V. Reboud, M. Zelsmann, C.M. Sotomayor Torres, B. Hernandez Juarez, I. Ledoux, J. Zyss “Design and fabrication of nanoimprinted polymer optical devices”Proc. of the workshop on Advances in Nanophotonics (2005)

N. Kehagias, M. Zelsmann, C.M. Sotomayor Torres, K. Peiffer, G. Ahrens and G. Gruetzner “Towards

Publications

M. Morrissey, K. Deasy, B.Shortt, A. Yarovitskiy, S. Nic Chormaic “Laser Cooling and Trapping of

V. Lavayen, J. Merchán, N. Yutronic, P. Jara, C.M. Sotomayor Torres “Study of the Transport Properties

F. Jonsson, S. Arpiainen, S. G. Romanov, J. Ye, R. Zentel, C.M. Sotomayor Torres, J. Ahopelto

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A. Lynch, S. Kharmeh, J. Barton, B. O’Flynn, P. Angove, S.C. Ó Mathuna “Design and

and BioRADFET experiment”D/TEC-QCA Final Presentation Day (2005) space dosimetry”Workshop on Ionising Particle Measurements in Space, ESTEC, (2005)

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Y. Lanyon, Y. Watson, G. di Marzi, A. Quinn, G. Redmond, D. Arrigan “Fabrication of nanoelec-

3D nanofabrication by nanoimprint lithography”NaPa European project meeting, Lausanne, Switzerland (2005)

F. Kivlehan, W. Mace, H. Moynihan, D. Arrigan “Electroanalytical Evaluation of Calix-Anionophores” poster at IRCSET funded projects workshop, Dublin, Ireland (2005)

V. Lavayen, N. Mirabal, M. A. Santa Ana, E. Benavente, G. González, C.M. Sotomayor Torres “Study and Formation of Molybdenum Disulfide Nanotubes” Opto-Ireland, Dublin, Ireland (2005)

B. Majeed, I. Paul, K.M. Razeeb, J. Barton, S.C. O’Mathuna, “An Investigation Into Mechanical Properties and Long Term Reliability Prediction of Thin Silicon Dies”Forum 2005 'be-flexible', 6th International Workshop on Thin Semiconductor Devices, Munich, Germany (2005)

M. Manning “DNA Biosensors”Nano2Life Annual meeting (2005) R.J. Manning “Photonic Systems Research at the Tyndall National Institute,Ireland”St. Andrews 2nd International workshop on ultrafast photonic technologies, Scotland (2005) T. Mapperson, K. Deasy, M. Morrissey, B. Shortt, A. Yarovitskiy, S. Nic Chormaic “The Coldest Spot In Ireland”Institute of Technology Science and Computing Research Conference, Carlow, Ireland (2005) V. Mattoli, A. Mondini, K. M. Razeeb, B. O’Flynn, F. Murphy, S. Bellis, G. Collodi, A. Manes, P. Pennacchia, B. Mazzolai and P. Dario “Development of A Programmable Sensor Interface for Wireless Network Nodes”Intelligent Environments 2005 (IE05) The IEE International workshop, Essex, UK (2005)

M. Morrissey “Laser Cooling of Rubidium Atoms” Institute of Technology Science and Computing Research Conference Carlow, Ireland (2005)

F. Murphy, B. O’ Flynn, D. Laffey, A.M. McCarthy, S. Bellis, J. Barton, S.C. Ó Mathuna “Implementation of Wireless Communications Systems for Underwater Agents”Information Technology & Telecommunications Conference 2005, National Maritime College, Cork Institute of Technology, Ireland (2005)

S. Nic Chormaic “Cold alkali atoms: from laser cooling to Bose Einstein condensation”IPSA Annual Conference Cork, Ireland (2005) S. O’Brien “Magnetic activity in subwavelength photonic crystals”Design and Applications of Metamaterials Workshop, India (2005)

S. O’Brien “Spectral Manipulation in Fabry-Perot lasers”Photonic and Electromagnetic Crystal Structures, Crete, Greece (2005)

C. O'Donovan, E. Twomey, J. Alderman, D.B. Papkovsky “Metabolic Characterisation Of Mouse Embryos Through Optical Oxygen Sensing”1st Annual Interdisciplinary Conference, UCC, Cork, Ireland (2005)

C. O'Dwyer “Advancing Atomic Nanolithography: Exposure of Alkanethiol Self-Assembled Monolayers with Cold, Bright Cs Atom Beams”presented at the Cold Atoms and Molecules near Surfaces, Heidelberg, Germany. (2005)

B. O'Flynn “Ambient Research at the Tyndall Institute” Invited Paper Enterprise Ireland - Forfas Wireless Implementation-Wireless Research Workshop (2005)

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Publications Functionality in Assemblies of Molecules, Nanocrystals and Nanowires”Nanoarchitectonics Workshop, Tsukuba, Japan (2005)

C. O’Mahony “Reliable RF MEMS Switches”Workshop

G. Redmond “Nanotechnology Research and

J. Ahopelto, A. Mlayah, F. Poinsotte, J. Groenen, V. Paillard “The potential impact of confined acoustic phonons in SOI-based nanoelectronics”1st EUROSOI Workshop, University of Granada, Spain (2005)

on Recent Advances on RF MEMS, IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium (2005)

Commercialisation at The Tyndall National Institute” Investnet Nanotech Research Commercialisation Showcase, Dublin, Ireland (2005)

Z. Olszewski, C. O’Mahony, R. Duane “Reliability of MEMS based capacitive RF switches – poster presentation”2nd Intel Ireland Research Conference and Curriculum Workshop (2005) M. Pereira Jr., “Nonequilibrium Many Body Theory Applied to Quantum Engineering and Simulation of Intersubband Devices”Quantum Engineering Workshop, Cork, Ireland (2005) H.P. Pinto, S.D. Elliott “Charge and spin order in the surfaces of magnetite for spintronics”57th Irish Universities Chemistry Research Colloquium, Maynooth, Ireland (2005)

H.P. Pinto, S.D. Elliott “Strongly correlated electrons in Fe3O4 – a DFT+U approach”10th Irish Atomistic Simulators Meeting, Dublin, Ireland (2005)

of thin opaline films”14th International workshop on heterostructure technology HETECH05, Bratislava, Slovakia (2005)

I.M. Povey, M. Bardosova, M.E. Pemble, D.E. Whitehead “GaAs Infiltration of thin opaline films” ALD 6. San Jose, USA (2005)

K.M. Razeeb, B. O’Flynn, J. Barton and C. O’Mathuna “Development of sensor board, sensor interface layer for MICA2 MOTE”GoodFood Workshop, Montreaux, Switzerland (2005)

S.G. Romanov, C.M. Sotomayor Torres, A. Susha, Z. Liang, F. Caruso “Optical Spectra of Metal-Dielectric Photonic Crystals from Gold Nanoshells”SPIE OptoIreland (2005) S.G. Romanov, C.M. Sotomayor Torres “Anisotropy of light propagation in thin film opal photonic crystals”1st workshop “Advances in nanophotonics”Crete, Greece (2005)

B. Shortt “Investigation of heavy-metal fluoride microspheres as tools for ICT”Quantum Engineering Workshop Cork, Ireland (2005)

D. Arrigan “Applications of electrochemistry for chemical sensing in the agriculture and food arena” Dept. of Agriculture, New Forge Belfast, N. Ireland (2005)

"Vortex matter and temperature dependence of the Ginzburg-Landau phenomenological lengths in lead nanowires", Science Series, Yalta, Ukraine (2005)

D. Arrigan “Sensing opportunities at the Life Science Interface – Electroanalysis via surfaces and interfaces” National Centre for Sensors Research (2005)

J. Ward “Investigation of the spectral behaviour of microspherical lasers”Institute of Technology Science and Computing Research Conference Carlow.

J. Ward B. Shortt and S. Nic Chormaic “Investigation of the spectral behaviour of microsphere lasers”Quantum Engineering Workshop Cork, Ireland (2005)

S.D. Elliott “From transistors to hard disks: Using

D.E. Whitehead, M.E. Pemble “Properties of Thin Opaline Films as a consequence of Embedded Nanoparticles”PHOREMOST Nanophotonics Workshop Crete, Greece (2005)

quantum chemistry to design new materials for technology”Chemistry Department, Dublin City University, Ireland (2005)

A.D Ellis “Coherent WDM and EDC”Marconi Communications, Coventry, UK (2005)

G. Fagas “Many-body picture of through-bond tunnelling”at Physikalisch-Chemisches Institut (Theoretical Chemistry) (2005)

G. Fagas “Many-body picture of through-bond tunnelling”seminar at PCF-CNR (2005)

P. Galvin “Nanobiotechnology: a 2020 vision and beyond”BA Festival of Science, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland (2005)

B. Shortt “Investigation of heavy-metal fluoride microspheres as tools for ICT”Optics and Photonics Network Dublin, Ireland (2005)

J.C. Greer, G. Fagas, P. Delaney “Correlated

C.M. Sotomayor Torres “Nanoimprint Lithography: contributing to developments in Nanotechnology” Nanotechnology in Northern Europe Forum, Helsinki, Finland (2005)

T. Healy “Performance Evaluation of FEC Codes in

C.M. Sotomayor Torres “Overview of Nanoimprinting and Applications”Nanofabrication workshop “Alternative Micro-and Nanofabrication, Quebec, Canada (2005)

Electron Transport for Nanoscale Electronic Devices” Center for Atomic-scale and Material Physics (CAMP) (2005) Highly Spectrally Efficient 42.6 Gbit/s Coherent WDM Optical Transmission System”Intel Research Cambridge, UK (2005)

Publications

I. M. Povey, M. Bardosova, K. Thomas, M.E. Pemble, D.E. Whitehead “GaAs Infiltration

G. Redmond “Report of the Working Group on Research. 3rd International Workshop to Develop a Global Nanotechnology Network”GNN Saarbrucken, Germany (2005)

G. Stenuit, S. Michotte, J. Govaerts and L. Piraux,

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“Low power hardware & software implementation of IDEA NXT algorithm”IEE Conference ISSC 2005, Dublin, Ireland (2005)

Seminars

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C.M. Sotomayor Torres, A. Zwick, M. Prunnila,

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G. Redmond “Demonstrating Exploitable

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Publications G. Huyet “Quantum dot lasers”Laboratoire des photoniques et de nanostructures, Marcousis, France (2005)

N. Kehagias “Towards 3D nanofabrication by

Ireland (2005)

N. Kehagias, M. Zelsmann, C.M. Sotomayor Torres “Nanoimprint Lithography: progress towards

C.M. Sotomayor Torres “Confined acoustic phonons in Silicon membranes”Nanoscience Centre (2005)

3-dimensional nanostructuring” Werkstoffwissenschaftliches Kolloquium, University of Erlangen, Germany (2005)

C.M. Sotomayor Torres, N. Kehagias, M. Zelsmann “Nanoimprint Lithogrpahy for 3D

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made of Molybdenum Disulfide”Materials Science Institute of Madrid, Spain (2005)

C. O’Dwyer “Applying Self-Assembled Monolayers Exposure by Cold Atomic Beams to Optimize 3D Laser Cooling Techniques, (invited talk)”Laboratoire de Physique des Lasers (2005)

B. O'Flynn, C. O'Mathuna “Experiences with & Future perspectives of R+D projects implementing Sensor Networks”Digipolis Kemi, Finland (2005)

E.P. O'Reilly “Einstein's legacy, let there be light”

Publications

BA Festival of Science, Trinity College, Dublin (2005)

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G. Redmond “Nanotechnology”Forfás, Dublin,

Nanoimprint lithography, aspect and prospective” Jilin University, China (2005)

V. Lavayen “Study and Formation of Nanostructures

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G. Redmond “Chemically Synthesised Nanocrystals: Building Blocks for Artificial Atom Solids”Institut für Physikalische, Kern- und Makromolekulare Chemie, Philipps-Universität, Germany (2005)

M.E. Pemble “Chemical Routes to the Production and Modification of Photonic Band Gap and Related Materials”Foundation for Research and Technology, Crete, Greece (2005) G. Redmond “Chemically Synthesised Nanocrystals: Building Blocks for Artificial Atom Solids”Physikalisches Institut, Westfaelische Wilhelms-Universität, Germany (2005)

nanopatterning and optical structures” Invited Seminar, Microelectronics Centre, Technical University of Denmark (2005)

P.D. Townsend “DWDM SuperPONS: bandwidth to burn at the optical network edge”Waterford Institute of Technology, Ireland (2005)

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