Anglia Farmer - August 2025

Anglia Farmer

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Anglia Farmer is a controlled circulation magazine published monthly for farmers and growers in the eastern counties. To be included on the circulation list, a farmer must have a minimum of 70 acres of land, or 50 dairy/beef stock, or 50 breeding sows/250 growing stock, or 15,000 laying hens/broiler chickens. Intensive horticulture units are required to have a minimum of two hectares. Subscription is £18 a year (including postage). No responsibility can be accepted by the publishers for the opinions expressed by contributors.

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Tax threatens fields that feed us

At a time when the government claims to champion a resilient, sustainable food system, its inheritance tax reform proposals risk undermining the very foundation of that vision: Britain’s family farms.

Draft legislation, due to take effect in April 2026, would see a 20% inheritance tax levied on farming assets worth over £1 million. Ministers say the move is aimed at curbing tax avoidance by wealthy individuals buying farmland.

But the policy doesn’t just miss the mark—it hits entirely the wrong target. As the NFU rightly warns, the measure would not deter speculative buyers. Instead, it places long-established farm businesses—many of which have been in families for generations—under financial threat.

Working farmers

These are not absentee landowners seeking tax shelters. They are working farmers whose wealth is bound up in the land, the machinery, and the legacy they intend to pass on.

Strip that away, and you don’t just fracture a family business – you jeopardise a domestic food system already under strain.

There is a credible alternative on the table. The NFU’s proposed ‘clawback’ mechanism would allow the Treasury to recover tax revenue if land

is sold for non-agricultural purposes within a set period. It targets speculative gain without punishing active producers.

So why isn’t the government listening?

Mixed messages

The refusal of Chancellor Rachel Reeves to meet farming representatives to discuss the issue is both baffling and deeply worrying.

Food security is, as the government itself has said, national security. But the mixed messages coming out of Downing Street are stark.

On one hand, government ministers promote the ‘Good Food Cycle’, talking up collaboration and sustainability. On the other, they press ahead with a policy that could uproot the very people delivering that vision.

If this government is serious about building a food system for the future, it must show it is willing to listen now. Agriculture cannot be an afterthought. The backbone of the countryside—our farmers—deserve fair, workable policy.

There is still time to rethink this tax. The question is whether ministers have the political will to do so before irreversible damage is done.

Johann Tasker Editor

Inheritance tax won’t achieve government's goal – NFU

• Tax ‘betrayal’ of farming families

• Government unveils fi nance bill

• Ministers refuse to discuss plan

Industry leaders have again warned that imposing inheritance tax on farming families will fail to achieve the government’s aims.

The NFU issued the warning as the government laid out draft legislation for its finance bill – including plans to levy 20% inheritance tax on farming assets worth more than £1 million from April 2026.

NFU president Tom Bradshaw urged the government to look again at the union’s alternative solution he says would prevent farmers from becoming “collateral damage” from the planned reforms.

Tom Bradshaw: farms could be ‘ripped away’ from families

to avoid inheritance tax. Neither would it generate as much revenue as it should, he said.

On the other hand, the NFU’s clawback solution would allow the Treasury to raise the revenue it seeks without tearing apart farming families or jeopardising domestic food production, said Mr Bradshaw.

ing the government’s own – had called on Chancellor Rachel Reeves to reverse her plan. So too had county councils, businesses and more than 250,000 members of the public.

“Despite our persistent efforts, Chancellor Rachel Reeves still refuses to meet us,” said Mr Bradshaw. “When you undermine farm businesses, you undermine a vital part of our national infrastructure.”

‘Clawback solution’

The current policy would fail to achieve the government’s intention to stop wealthy people from buying farmland

Farm minister Daniel Zeichner has unveiled the next stage of the government’s food strategy – including plans for a sustainable supply chain.

The Good Food Cycle aims to encourage healthier diets in a way which works for consumers as well as producers. It includes a 10-point plan drawn up with industry representatives and consumer groups.

Mr Zeichner said: “Food security is national security – we need a resilient food system that can weather any storm while ensuring families across the country can access affordable, healthy food.”

The government’s goal was a food system which would help the businesses that feed our nation to grow and thrive, said Mr Zeichner. This would mean more jobs and stronger local economies, while making it easier for families to eat and feel better.

“At the heart of this battle are the elderly farmers who have devoted their entire lives to growing food for the country and supporting their rural communities. They should not become collateral damage.

“ We cannot stand by and watch

“To see them face such uncertainty, knowing the legacy they and their families have worked hard for and grown could be ripped away by this tax, is heartbreaking.

“I cannot begin to imagine the fear many must be feeling right now – their homes, their livelihoods and everything

“To ignore the consequences this tax will bring would be a betrayal of the very people who feed our nation. We cannot stand by and watch the backbone of the countryside be broken when there is a credible alternative being offered.

“This is a moment that demands lis-

Strategy focuses on Good Food Cycle

ty, and that a thriving, profitable farming industry is critical to delivering this.”

The food strategy could see supermarkets share data on healthy food sales.

MPs see farming in harmony with nature

MPs saw food production and outstanding environmen tal success being achieved in harmony when they visited a Suf folk arable farm.

Rushcliffe MP James Naish, Can nock Chase MP Josh Newbury and Rib ble MP Valley Maya Ellis visited Lodge Farm at Westhorpe, near Stowmarket, as part of the NFU Food and Farming Fellowship Scheme.

The scheme showcases the industry to politicians – enabling MPs from all political parties to see first-hand how sustainable and affordable food gets from field to fork. It was launched last year in partnership with industry sponsors.

Positive work

The Suffolk tour was hosted by NFU member Ed Barker, who is also head of policy at the Agriculture Industries Confederation. Mr Barker said: “This scheme is an excellent way of getting MPs out on farm to see up close the work that goes on.

"It was great to be able to demonstrate how arable farms are run and

show the positive work farmers do to support the environment and to help the MPs understand the pressures and challenges farmers are facing on the ground.”

Lodge Farm has been in the Barker family since the 1950s. It grows wheat, barley, oilseed rape and beans across more than 500ha, optimising fertiliser and pesticide applications while reducing carbon emissions.

Environmental success

MPs were able to learn about the many environmental successes achieved on the farm – including through the Sustainable Farming Incentive (SFI), the government’s flagship support scheme for nature and environmentally friendly farming.

From left to right: Patrick Barker, farm worker John Leggett, Cannock Chase MP Josh Newbury, Ribble Valley MP Maya Ellis, Rushcliffe MP James Naish, NFU combinable crops chairman Jamie Burrows, David Barker and Ed Barker.

Lapwings, skylarks and turtle doves are among the rare bird species regularly seen on the Barkers’ farm. All three are on the International Union for the Conservation of Nature’s UK Red List of birds needing urgent conservation action.

NFU national combinable crops board chair Jamie Burrows attended the Suffolk farm tour. He said: “This was a great event and the MPs were fully engaged and asking lots of good questions.

“The Barkers do some excellent work and it is a great example of food production and environmental work going together hand-in-hand. This was just one example and there are many other farms across the country doing fantastic work like this.”

‘Significant’ fenland farm on the market for £13.5m

ACambridgeshire fenland farm encompassing more than 400ha (1000 acres) is on the market with a guide price of £13.5 million.

Carter’s Bridge Farm near Chatteris extends to some 472ha, of which approximately 456ha is irrigated arable and vegetable land of mostly Grade 1 and 2 soils. The balance is woodland, buildings and infrastructure including a concrete yard and reservoir.

The farm is listed for sale through rural agents Savills. It is available as a whole or in four lots, with cereals, oilseed rape, potatoes, onions, sugar beet and maize successfully grown in recent years.

Property agent Oliver Carr said: “Carter’s Bridge Farm offers a rare opportunity for farmers and investors alike to acquire a significant, highly productive and well-connected commercial farm in an area known for its fertile soils.”

Water is moved across the farm via a series of overground pipes leading from the reservoir and connected to mobile irriga-

The farm is available as a whole or in four lots through rural agents Savills

tors, with additional water taken by way of a 69,500m3 summer abstraction licence. There is also a concrete yard with a range of modern buildings including 2,750 tonnes of grain storage, 1,950 tonnes of potato

stores and an open fronted machinery store and workshop.

Other buildings provide potential for ancillary storage or redevelopment, subject to planning consent.

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Yield results

Some 10% of the UK winter barley area was harvested by 9 July, suggests the Agriculture and Horticulture Development Board. This compares with 7% at the same time last year and a five-year average of 6% complete.

Early-cut winter barley and oilseed rape have yielded reasonably well in places – despite blistering heat and near-total lack of rain during May and June – offering a glimmer of hope after a season that tested nerves and stretched resources. But that hope is tempered by significant inconsistencies.

While some growers report winter barley yielding above the five-year average at 9t/ha, it’s a very different story for others seeing less than 5t/ha on lighter land – with crops typically performing better on heavier clays than on sandier soils.

Oilseed rape

It’s a similar story for winter wheat. But winter oilseed rape appears to be faring surprising-

lots of ladybirds.”

The biggest challenge for many growers came last month when rain finally arrived but in the form of torrential downpours.

With combines confined to barracks for days on end, farmers went from praying for rain to fearing what would happen next.

Varietal importance

Agronomists point to improved genetics and targeted agronomy as crucial in getting crops over the line – a reminder of how much resilience is now bred into modern varieties in a big to combat climate extremes.

Grain quality is another mixed bag. Hagbergs and proteins in milling wheat have held up, but concerns are rising about sprouting in crops yet to be harvested – and that accounts for the majority on many farms.

Looking ahead, many growers say 2025 will be remembered not as an overall disaster or a success, but for its contrasts. With adjacent fields performing very differently, this harvest is one of extremes rather than one of averages.

Credit offered if crops fail

rowers will be offered a credit of £100 per bag of seed from Bayer for oilseed rape establishment failures

The Dekalb Establishment Scheme for 2025 covers high-performance hybrid oilseed rape varieties DK Excentric,DK Extremus, DK Excited, DK Exstar and clubroot-resistant DMH585.

Bayer campaign manager Richard Phillips says: “Should cabbage stem flea beetle or other oilseed rape crop establishment pressures prove too much this autumn, we will be on hand to help.”

Under the scheme, growers can claim for total establishment failure of blocks of 6ha or more – either as whole fields or as single uninterrupted blocks within larger fields.

Registration is simple to do and free of charge, says Mr Phillips. The rules of engagement state that seed must be purchased through a participating seed supplier and crops sown – using normal good practice – before 20 Sep-

The closing date for registration is 30 September and claim forms must be completed and submitted via the seed supplier by 31 October. For full details, growers should speak with their seed supplier when purchasing seed.

For those growing an eligible variety, joining the Dekalb Establishment Scheme is a no-brainer, says United Oilseeds seed manager Beckii Gibbs.

“Why wouldn’t you join? You have nothing to lose from taking advantage of the scheme; it’s without doubt a useful tool in managing the risk of oilseed rape establishment failure and it can add a little bit of a confidence boost.”

Growers of specialist HOLL oil variety V367OL should contact their supplier directly for information on the parallel HOLL-specific Establishment Scheme. Claims made under this scheme must be submitted by 15 September 2025.

Philip Allen harvests a 4.38t/ha crop of Pinnacle oilseed rape at 9% moisture on 13 July near Thorney, Cambridgeshire.

Weigh up pros and cons before removing straw

• Valuable revenue this season

• Consider agronomic benefits

• But remember downsides too

Arable growers should think carefully when considering whether to bale and remove straw from fields this summer.

High prices for wheat and barley straw mean baling could make financial sense for arable farmers with easy access to markets. There are some good agronomic reasons as well. But there are also downsides that should be considered too.

Benefits include aiding direct drilling, reducing slug pressure, and reducing the immobilisation of nitrogen where white straw residues build up, says Rob Jewers, fertiliser and crop nutrition specialist for Hutchinsons.

Such benefits must be weighed against other factors, says Mr Jewers.

Compaction risk

These factors include compaction from increased traffic, any impact that the timely removal of straw will have on establishing following crops, and the impact of lost organic matter on soil health and structure.

Another important consideration is the value of key nutrients removed within the straw, principally phosphate and potash, as outlined by the AHDB Nutrient Management Guide (RB209).

Above: Baling and removing straw has advantages and disadvantages

Rob Dewers: soil health and structure

The guide suggests that removing straw associated

with a 10t/ha wheat crop removes 5kg/ha of phosphate and 50kg/ha of potash. Meanwhile, straw from an 8t/ ha winter barley crop is worth 4kg/ha of phosphate and 40kg/ha of potash.

“The potash content of straw can vary substantially depending on the amount of water availability during crop maturity and straw baling. It can be worthwhile to determine the nutrient content of representative straw samples by laboratory analysis.”

Replacing nutrients

If growers do decide to bale, Mr Jewers says some of the money made from straw sales should be reinvested back into replacing the nutrition removed.

“Phosphate fertiliser is usually best applied to seedbeds ahead of, or at planting,” he advises. This is often as organic manure applications, or broadcast in traditional fertilisers, such as DAP and TSP.

But microgranular or liquid placement fertilisers are increasingly popular, and can deliver significant benefits to rooting and early crop vigour, says Mr Jewers.

“Placement fertilisers are applied in much smaller, concentrated quantities than traditional fertilisers and are therefore highly efficient and cost effective.”

Trials at Hutchinsons' Helix East Anglia farm showed yield responses of 0.8 t/ha and 0.6 t/ha from the placement fertilisers Crystal Green and Primary-P over an untreated control in 2022.

Potassium

Crops usually require large amounts of potassium through the season for optimum growth – potentially more than 300kg/ha in a high yielding crop. But uptake usually peaks during late flowering – before much of the potassium is returned to the soil as crops senesce.

“In order to maintain an adequate supply of potassium through the peak uptake period, the soil needs to be able to store and release exchangeable potassium into the soil solution. A good measure of the soil’s ability to do this is its cation exchange capacity (CEC).”

Big bale hay, barley and straw prices (ex farm)

Source: AHDB / British Hay & Straw Merchants Association

Clay and organic matter content have a significant impact on soil CEC, adds Mr Jewers.

“A soil with over 5% organic matter, or equally, over 5% clay content, will lose little K to leaching, whereas a sandy soil with low CEC will allow potassium to move down the soil profile with excess rainfall.

“Soils with low indices and low CEC should have potassium applied annually. This should be applied in the spring before peak uptake by the plant.”

To fully understand the phosphate and potash requirements of your soils, Mr Jewers recommends carrying out an in-depth soil analysis. Options includes the Gold Healthy Soils test, or Terramap high definition scanning –see healthysoils.co.uk.

David Calvert / Shutterstock.com

How water traps can help to control flea beetle

Yellow water traps are helping growers win the battle against cabbage stem flea beetle in oilseed rape.

Flea beetle was not much in evidence in MagicTraps deployed last autumn by farm manager Jake Freestone. Trap counts were low in what was generally a low pressure season for the oilseed rape pest in most regions.

Mr Freestone deployed two digital traps, which were part of the United Oilseeds MagicTrap network. They were placed on different soil types and in different areas of Overbury Farm, which sits on the Herefordshire/Worcestershire border.

Sporadic problem

Flea beetle has been a sporadic problem at Overbury since neonicotinoid seed treatments were banned in 2013. Despite flea beetle challenge, rape has retained its place in the rotation on the farm, although the area has dropped.

“We're combining about 1100ha [of arable crops] here and on the farm next door and probably 200ha would traditionally have been rapeseed,” says Mr Freestone.

“I have persevered with it, although for one reason and another the area had slipped back a little this year but that was mainly down to rotation and we're due to go back up again this year.”

Key

aim

With agronomy based on integrated pest management, a key aim is to avoid using synthetic insecticides where possible. No insecticides have been used on the farm since 2018, which uses cultural methods to avoid them.

Land going into rape receives an application of poultry litter after the crop is direct drilled into chopped straw and a decent stubble. Compan ion crops go in with the rape to fur ther reduce the need to use insecticide.

“We did once send some flea beetle off to be tested, and they came back at 77% resistant [to pyrethroid insecti cides] so there's probably no point in spraying anyway,” he adds.

Other measures include growing hybrid rape varieties – typically from the Bayer Dekalb portfolio – to take

advantage of their spring vigour and potential ability to grow away from flea beetle stem larvae.

Last season’s newcomer DK Excen tric is in the variety line-up, along side Dolphin. A shift in OSR drilling date has also been introduced as part of the farm’s approach to flea beetle management.

Early drilling

“We have started drilling very early, in the first week of August to try and get the rape up and a leaf established before the main flea beetle migra tion at the end of August,” explains Mr Freestone.

“We had pretty good establishment last autumn and flea beetle weren't really an issue,” he adds. “We did have some winter stem larval dam age, but the crops seemed to grow through that.”

Mr Freestone initially placed the MagicTraps in fields with rape stubble and a cover crop, before moving them into new season crops three weeks after drilling.

“My aim was firstly to get used to the technology and secondly, to have a look at what was emerging from previous oilseed rape fields to try and get a gauge on cabbage stem flea pressure, but there wasn't much pressure at all.”

Setting up and using the two Mag-

The magic traps help growers monitor pest pressure

“We’ve

started drilling very early

then the next day the signal had disappeared,” says Mr Freestone. “That’s not a particular issue with MagicTrap, it’s a rural issue across the board.”

Insecticide policy

With no insecticides applied on the farm, Mr Freestone says he is not using MagicTrap to inform spraying decisions, instead the bigger benefit comes in the form of saving time on crop walking.

Growing rape is harder – but still possible, says Jake Freestone

It also provides a record of what is happening with flea beetle, he adds.

“The fact that MagicTrap is recording a digital footprint means that over time we should be able to build up a picture of what sort of populations we have, in what fields and in what kind of weather conditions.”

Following the successful rollout of the United Oilseeds MagicTrap network last year, the aim is to continue to build on the current 48-trap network, says Peter Collier, United Oilseeds' area manager for the East An-

Last year’s results have helped inform MagicTrap field positioning, timing and best practice.

With more growers and more traps in the network, wider coverage means Mr Collier can be increasingly scientific in his approach.

Herbicide presents farmers with resistance breaking opportunity

• Good effectiveness in UK crops

• Timing and technique important

• Remember to abide by guidance

Most grassweeds are largely susceptible to a key herbicide for oilseed rape and sugar beet – although resistance is present in some UK populations, according to the latest testing of samples collected in 2024.

The herbicide in question is clethodim – the active ingredient in Centurion Max. In trials, it provided 98.7% control of grassweeds compared to just 66% control from mesosulfuron + iodosulfuron and 79% with pyroxsulam + pinoxaden.

“I think it proves that using clethodim in oilseed rape or sugar beet, can be a resistance-breaking opportunity within a predominantly cereals rotation,” says Alexander Zeller, European herbicide portfolio manager for UPL.

But that’s not to say resistance is not present in grassweed populations.

Gene mutations

Survey work conducted by expert Stephen Moss when he worked at Rothamsted Research from 2011 to 2014 found two gene mutations that allowed grassweeds to potentially overcome the inhibition of the enzyme acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase (ACCase) by ‘fop’ and ‘dim’ herbicides, including clethodim. Inhibiting that enzyme disrupts lipid biosynthesis, leading to plant death.

Blackgrass resistance testing [photo credit: UPL / Stephen Moss Consulting]

Below: Tom Wheelhouse

One of the mutations, I-1781-L, was found to be present in 85% of the blackgrass populations at the time, with the second mutation, A-2078-G, present in only 8%, says UPL technical specialist Tom Wheelhouse.

In Italian ryegrass, the situation was reversed with 57% of the population carrying the 2078 mutation, compared to 31% for the 1781 mutation.

“Clethodim is much more affected by the presence of 2078, and less so by 1781, whereas the other ACCase products, such as cycloxydim, are heavily affected by 1781,” explains Mr Wheelhouse.

No further widescale testing of grassweed populations in the UK has been conducted since that time to de-

termine if the mutations has shifted. But Mr Wheelhouse says the expectation was that data would still be representative in 2024.

Sampling in the UK last season took a different approach to that in mainland Europe, with samples targeted from fields with a known problem with clethodim control. Unsurprisingly, resistance tests using these seeds showed more issues with control, although not for all samples.

One blackgrass sample from the seven collected clearly showed the population was susceptible to clethodim, says Mr Wheelhouse. “That points to the clethodim issue being either poor timing or application technique rather than resistance.”

Blackgrass

Two populations showed similar levels of control to a known population carrying the 1781 mutation. “Using the equivalent dose in the lab test as a field rate of 1 litre/ha of clethodim gives around 80% control, which suggests that application or timing and not resistance are driving the issue in the field,” says Mr Wheelhouse.

The other four populations were likely to carry the 2078 mutation and be the cause of the poor performance in the field, he suggests. The difference highlights the importance of testing populations, particularly after poor performance in the field.

The results emphasise the need to adhere to good stewardship and practices when using clethodim.

Application technique

“In particular, making applications in the right conditions, paying attention to application technique, such as operating at the correct boom height and not going too fast, always include a water conditioner and use a minimum water volume of 150 litre/ha.

“Don’t fit application rate to the field size to avoid having product left over – use the correct dose, and make sure the target weed is at the correct

growth stage and is actively growing,” adds Mr Wheelhouse.

In oilseed rape, clethodim should not be applied after 15 October or to crops with more than six true leaves (TL), he explains.

“If you push the boundaries, that’s when there is potential to cause injury to the crop, in particular if the plant has progressed into the reproductive phases of growth and is beginning to shut down for winter, it doesn’t metabolise the chemical quickly enough,

and that’s why you eventually see fused flowers or abortion.”

Timing challenge

That can cause a challenge with timing with the current practice of drilling the crop either very early in August or before or into September.

Early drilling could reach that 6 TL stage quickly, and potentially before the weed reaches the ideal growth stage of two leaves to one tiller, or when conditions are such that the weed isn’t actively growing.

Later-drilled crops might not have grassweeds at the target growth stage before the 15 October cut-off, especially where growers have taken advantage of the extra time to create a stale seedbed and spray off emerged grassweeds with glyphosate before drilling.

“Understandably, most growers are not balancing decisions about drilling oilseed rape relative to when grassweeds will emerge,” says Mr Wheelhouse. “But it is something to consider.”

Centurion Max should only be used as part of a programme, which starts with cultural control, with follow-up applications of propyzamide at least 10-14 days after clethodim applications, he adds.

Spraying blackgrass in oilseed rape

Later emergence opens new front in blackgrass battle

• Blackgrass now emerging later

• Implications for cultural control

• Spray sequences are important

The later and more protracted emergence of blackgrass is prompting a shift in control strategies.

Continued use of successful management strategies for blackgrass control developed by agronomy company Hutchinsons is starting to lead to a shift in population dynamics, says technical manager Dick Neale.

“Growers have been using the tactics we proposed at our Brampton site of stale seedbeds through September, shallow tillage, sprayed off with glyphosate, delaying drilling until at least 15 October for the past 10 years.

“We are now dealing with a blackgrass population that is 10-fold fewer, so maybe only 40-50 plants compared with 400-500 plants per square meter – but one where those 40-50 plants are emerging between the beginning of October and Christmas.”

In the field

To test that theory, Hutchinsons sprayed small plots of its new blackgrass demonstration site in Cambridgeshire every couple of weeks last

Blackgrass emergence is happening later

“You’ll

get a much better result

quences rather than large single stacks of pre-emergence herbicides.

“We have selected for a population that is emerging in October more than in September – so when you are using stale seedbeds make an effort to observe what is happening.

“If it has rained in September and you know blackgrass should be emerging and it’s not – make a note of that, as it is telling you something.”

ed” says Dr Smith.

“This makes any late emerging plants more apparent in relative terms, but it shouldn’t distract from the vital role of controlling the largest part of the population.”

Blackgrass control has been above average this year, helped by delayed drilling caused by torrential rain in mid-September and then excellent conditions for residual herbicides to work when drilling could proceed in late October and November.

This means the lower effectiveness of stale seedbeds might be less of a problem than in other years. That doesn’t mean not to continue using the technique or glyphosate pre-drilling, but it could mean that adding glyphosate to pre-emergence sprays is the more effective timing.

Protracted emergence

With more protracted blackgrass emergence, Mr Neale suggests residual herbicide sequences are becoming even more important.

“We’ve seen it in our trials for the past five seasons – sequences are outperforming single applications signif-

Herbicidal activity from single pre-emergence applications will have degraded and diminished, so any blackgrass emerging more than 30 days after application will be at risk >>

Arable

>> of not being controlled adequately, Mr Neale explains.

Sequencing doesn’t have to mean spending much, if any, more on herbicides, though, he stresses.

“We showed clearly in our trials this year that you can take the same amount of money and by splitting it, you’ll get a much better result than trying to second-guess the exact timing for one application.”

Some products must be used at pre-emergence for crop safety or label approval reasons, while others are more effective and should be prioritised for use at that timing.

“Cinmethylin, for example, is very much a seed and root uptake product, so it needs to pre-emergence of blackgrass to get the best from it.”

Avadex Factor (tri-allate) and aclonifen must be used pre-emergence of the crop.

In contrast, metribuzin, in combination with flufenacet and diflufenican, and Isoflex (bixlozone) products have a particular strength in controlling blackgrass that is just emerging.

These products are therefore believed to be potentially better suited to

a peri-emergence or early post-emergence second application.

Drilling date and weather should also influence decision-making regarding sequencing, with dry conditions potentially indicating the need to split the pre-emergence spray into two applications.

Earlier drilled crops

“While for 15 October drilling dates I might apply Avadex (Factor) and cinmethylin together at pre-emergence, for those earlier drilled crops in drier conditions I might sit on the cinmethylin for maybe another 10 days after drilling to wait for wetter and/ or cooler weather.”

Weather conditions and farm setup play an important role in determining whether to use the granular Avadex Excel or liquid Avadex Factor formulations of tri-allate, rather than just focusing on which one delivers the most active ingredient, according to Dr Smith.

“Both formulations have different strengths,” he says.

Overall, in trials, Avadex Excel has the edge over the Avadex Factor for mulation, says Dr Smith. “But the av

Autumn germination peak is becoming less pronounced, says Will Smith

erage hides a lot of detail; in some trials, one has the advantage, in others it’s the other.”

For example, in autumn 2023, Avadex Factor performed on par with or better than its competitors in virtually every single trial, primarily due to the conditions surrounding drilling.

Labour availability

On some farms, Avadex Factor might be the best option, particularly where sprayer capacity and labour availability allow for pre-emergence herbicides within 48 hours of drilling.

Where farmers have access to an Avadex Excel applicator or a reliable local contractor, applications of Avadex Excel may make the most sense.

Whichever formulation is used, Avadex has over many years proven to be a consistent base to residual herbicide programmes, says Dr Smith.

“Every year, we see a 15-20% uplift in blackgrass control where Avadex is used as part of the programme

“It’s very consistent regardless of

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Emissions from wheat ‘can be halved’

Carbon emissions from wheat production can be halved, suggest trials by a growers’ group supplying grain to Weetabix.

The Lower Carbon Wheat Project was conducted on behalf of the Weetabix Grower’s Group, a collective of over 120 local farmers who grow 75,000 tonnes of wheat annually within 50 miles of the breakfast cereal maker’s mills.

Reducing emissions in wheat production is seen as a critical step in reducing the overall carbon footprint of Weetabix's largest single ingredient. The trial was undertaken by six farmers from the group.

Results were shared with the rest of the group during a recent farm walk attended by 47 growers and members of the Weetabix team, who worked closely with Map of Ag and European Food and Farming Partnerships.

Host farmer Duncan Farrington

said he had achieved a 20% reduction in synthetic nitrogen use in three years by using cover crops, natural manures, and molasses-based biologicals to replenish soil nutrients.

Artifical nitrogen is the largest carbon contributor to greenhouse gas emissions at Mr Farrington’s farm at Hargrave, Northamptonshire. But it is now able to produce wheat with half its usual carbon footprint.

‘Game-changer’

Weetabix Food Company managing director Colm O’Dwyer said: "We’ve worked hand in hand with farmers to make Britain’s favourite breakfast since 1932, and we’re proud to stand for quality, nutritious, more sustainable choices.

“This lower carbon wheat project is a game-changer, not just for Weetabix but for the wider food industry and the future of sustainable agricul-

Growers celebrated the project’s success at a farm walk

ture in the UK. Doing the right thing isn’t just a ‘nice to have’ - it also makes commercial sense.”

A farmer-led approach was vital to the success of the project, said Mr O’Dwyer. Weetabix’s promise to source all its wheat from within 50-miles of its mills was part of the power of the brand, he added.

Diversity

“Making sure that the pilot scheme reflects the diversity of farming, soil types and climate conditions amongst growers is essential to scale the project and to be economically viable.”

King Charles granted Weetabix a royal warrant earlier this year. The company has now been recognised by three generations of the Royal Household since 1973.

It said it remained committed to helping the nation start its day in a sustainable, responsible way.

Change in seed purchasing welcomed by sugar beet growers

Britain’s growers have embraced changes to sugar beet seed purchasing arrangements, says global sugar beet breeder SESVanderHave.

Since 2024, farmers can purchase sugar beet seed direct from plant breeders, as well as from British Sugar.

“We launched our campaign to supply growers direct for the 2026 sowing at the 2025 Cereals event,” said Ian Munnery, UK director for SESVanderHave (pictured).

“We have been overwhelmed by the response. The orders exceeded our expectations and more orders have been placed.”

Growers visiting the SESVanderHave stand at Cereals this summer were asked what benefits they believed buying direct from offered. Reasons included decisions based on service, quality and cost.

Advice and back-up scored highly with farmers. Respondents mentioned the "comprehensive support"when

buying direct. They also valued ‘dealing with experienced sugar beet experts and ‘customer support’.

“Such comments endorse the value of the investment we’ve made in people and training,” said Mr Munnery.

Choice and access to the latest varieties were rated highly too – alongside freedom of choice and access to the latest varieties.

Seed quality matters. One long-standing customer noted: “Their seed always germinates and produces a good yield.”

Fresh seed

Buying direct ensures growers receive fresh seed, said Mr Munnery. The varieties we supply for 2026 will be harvested during 2025. And as seed is processed in our facilities growers enjoy more choice on seed treatments and pelleting.”

Economics influence growers’ decisions. Sev-

FARM WASTE PLASTICS RECYCLING

eral farmers described the SESVanderHave offer as competitive and cost effective.

“These responses confirm that UK sugar beet growers welcome a fresh way to source seed,” said Mr Munnery. “Currently, SESVanderHave is looking to even more improvements in in our breeding pipeline.”

SESVanderHave varieties for 2026 include the recently launched Possum, Pintail, Patridge, Grouse and Snipe which offer early access to the latest, most promising varieties with innovative genetics. These join Antler, Aslan, Hoopoe and Gadwall which all proved successful in 2025, their first commercial year of use.

SESVanderHave has an online webshop where growers can provisionally secure varieties for 2026 before a contract price announcement from British Sugar & NFU Sugar. This can be found at https://eshop.sesvanderhave. com/uk/

Alternatively, the SESVanderHave team is available on 01522 442000 offering growers expert advice on the best variety for particular locations and soil type.

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Clearfield rape ‘perfect’ for following HEAR varieties

Good choice for

Robust performance in the field

Comparable yields are possible

Oilseed rape growers moving on from HEAR varieties are being encouraged to consider growing a Clearfield variety instead.

Volunteers rape plants left from HEAR varieties could see high levels of erucic acid in following crops – limiting their marketability, says Sarah Hawthorne of DSV UK. A Clearfield variety is the perfect opportunity for cleaning up such crops, she adds.

Weed control

“Clearfield technology, based on a combination of Imazamox herbicide and oilseed rape varieties tolerant to it, has proved highly beneficial to oilseed rape growers in recent years offering effective control of pernicious brassica weeds.

“The system has provided reliable control of problem weeds such as charlock, runch and hedge mustard but has also opened up significant management opportunities for many growers in recent years including reducing erucic acid levels at harvest.

"With HEAR varieties becoming increasingly unpopular, growing a Clearfield variety could help reduce unwanted volunteers in following seasons that otherwise would be very difficult to control."

Yield comparison

All three Clearfield varieties on the 2024/25 Recommended List are now

for cleaning up crops, says Sarah Hawthorne

Precision guidance takes hoe to next level

Ater-row hoeing on an arable farm in Suffolk which is operating the latest Fendt tractors with VarioGuide RTK.

Accurate to +/-2cm, the system on the 942 Vario is used to direct drill cereal crops in bands with a 6m Claydon Evolution, while that on the 724 Vario guides a 6m Claydon TerraBlade which is steered automatically using the tractor’s front wheels.

““VarioGuide RTK takes inter-row hoeing to the next level and this season we used it on over 150ha, with higher output and improved weed control,” says Claydon Drill founder and Wickhambrook farmer Jeff Claydon.

Peace of mind

“Compared with cereals drilled on narrow/conventional row spacings the 17cm banded rows at 32cm centres provided plenty of tolerance and gave us peace of mind that the crop would not be damaged.”

With weeds becoming increasingly resistant to herbicides and little new chemistry on the horizon the TerraBlade provides a low-cost, mechanical method of controlling them

All cereal crops are virtually weed-free

in combinable, band-sown crops. It is popular with farmers wanting to operate more effectively and efficiently, while organic and regenerative farmers also use it to reduce weed burdens and costs.

Keeping the area between the seeded bands clear of weeds during the early stages of crop growth reduces competition for nutrients, light, air and water, so young plants grow strong and healthy.

A relatively dry early April provided ideal conditions for the TerraBlade. Operating 1cm to 2cm deep, the standard 150mm-wide scalping blades sliced through the soil removing weeds between the seeded bands but leaving the crop intact.

Operating at up to 12km/h, depending on field and soil conditions, it averaged 6-7ha/hr, almost double the previous figure, and caused no damage, even at Growth Stage 32, says Mr Claydon.

All cereal crops on the Claydon farm are virtually weed-free, and

the shallow soil mulch created by the blades helped to retain moisture.

Field trials

Trials by a major agronomy company on another farm where grassweeds had become problematic after years of conventional crop establishment measured over 900 blackgrass seeds heads/m2 in an untreated area. Where herbicides were used in combination with a Claydon Straw Harrow and a Claydon TerraBlade researchers recorded just 13/m2, a 98.5% reduction. This gave a yield increase worth £256/ha, which quickly covered the implement’s cost.

Designed to work in direct drilled cereal crops established using Claydon trailed and mounted direct drills, the TerraBlade costs approximately £2000-£2500 per metre, a fraction that of more complex hoes.

Available in widths to match Claydon drills, the TerraBlade’s simple design means that there is little to maintain.

The 6m TerraBlade and Fendt 724 Vario hoe a winter wheat crop.

Inset: The scalping blades operate 1-2cm deep and slice through weed roots.

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Always best to test before new season

• Assess soil acidity in every field

• Measure for nutrient availability

• Remember: test for sulphur too

Growers are being reminded to test soil ahead of next season to ensure crops have every opportunity to meet their full potential.

Testing for acidity and nutrient availability could help offset a potential rise in fertiliser costs by ensuring growers apply what is needed in the right place, believes Phil Burrell, plant health business manager for ProCam.

“As one cropping cycle comes to an end, and growers start to get ready to drill next year’s crops, now is the ideal time to test soils, not just for pH, but also for residual reserves of nitrogen, phosphate, potash and sulphur.”

Optimal level

The fundamental factor to get right at this stage in proceedings is to ensure soil pH is as close to 6.5 as possible – the optimal level for the availability of micro and macro nutrients, says Mr Burrell.

“If soil pH falls below 6.5, meaning soils are too acidic, macronutrients such as phosphate, nitrogen and potassium will be locked up in the soil matrix and therefore be less available for uptake by the next crop in the rotation.”

“Given the political unrest in the Middle East, and the impact this could have on global fertiliser prices, it makes sense to test and adjust pH now, to ensure those nutrients already in the ground remain available for the next round of crops to utilise.”

There’s no silver bullet when it comes to unlocking crop yield , says Mr Burrell.

But rectifying pH should be on every todo list, especially as low pH can easily and cost-effectively be resolved with the application of lime.

Closely linked

Mr Burrell also urges growers to test for sulphur. “Sulphur and the efficiency of nitrogen are closely linked, with any deficiency in the former resulting in reduced nitrogen use efficiency,” he explains.

Atmospheric sulphur deposition has fallen steadily since the 1970s when acid rain was at its peak, with 95% of soils now deficient. At the same time, only 55% of arable ground routinely receives a treatment of sulphur.

Three steps for best crops

Growers should employ a three-pronged approach to get the best from crops, says Phil Burrell, from ProCam.

The first is to test soil for acidity and nutrient content on a field-by-field basis in autumn and spring so appropriate adjustments can be made ahead of cropping, he says.

Secondly, growers should also carry out in-season leaf/plant tissue analysis to assess the crop’s ongoing nutritional needs. Finally, they should carry out postharvest grain analysis to highlight any enduring nutrient deficiencies.

“Grain analysis from the 2024 harvest indicated that 60% of wheat crops were deficient in sulphur,” says Mr Burrell.

“This points to a significant shortfall in fertiliser programmes and is a clear indication that growers shouldn’t always assume that a ‘standard’ bag of fertiliser will be appropriate.”

Phosphate availability falls to 52% at pH 6.0, says Mr Burrell, decreasing to 48% at pH 5.5. Similarly, nitrogen and potassium availability fall to approximately 77% at pH 5.5, he adds.

Fertiliser prices

“Many farmers assume the shortfall will be made up by applications of farmyard manure or slurry. But unless these inputs have been tested to assess their nutrient content, it’s impossible to know if soils are receiving sufficient sulphur.”

Without enough sulphur, oilseed rape yields fall by an average of 0.5 t/ha, while wheat yields fall by about 0.375t/ha.

Instead, soils should be tested, and the results scrutinised with the help of a FACTS approved agronomist. They will be able to verify the findings and devise a suitable nutrient programme for each field, says Mr Burrell.

“According to the latest data, almost two-thirds (62%) of UK arable soils are below the optimum pH of 6.5. Likewise, onein-three grassland soils are below their optimum pH of 6.0.

To counter this, sulphur and nitrogen should be applied at a ratio of between 5:1 and 3:1 depending on soil indices.

“Fertiliser spreaders should also be calibrated to ensure what could become an increasingly expensive commodity is applied accurately and in the right quantity.

Soil testing is key to unlocking crop performance, says Phil Burrell.

“Where the relevant machinery is available, variable rate application maps, such as those produced by ProCam’s FieldSense platform, should be used to maximise the yield benefit and margin over input costs.”

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Don’t rely on organic manures for sulphur

Gyields and crop quality, says a leading academic.

come a widespread issue in modern crop production, says Jorgen Eriksen, of the Department of Agroecology at Aarhus University, Denmark.

tiliser Society Conference in Cam bridge, Professor Eriksen said lower atmospheric sulphur, increasingly wet weather and poor nutrient availabili ty in organic fertiliser were a concern.

ten nutrient, yet it is one of the most important in terms of optimising plant health, making sure nitrogen is used by plants as effectively as possible and ensuring the best yields and quality.

“With reduced emissions from industry and power generation, there is now no more than a few kg/ha of sulphur available from the atmosphere and any sulphate present in the soil is vulnerable to leaching in much the same way nitrates are.

“With the increasingly wetter conditions over the winter and spring now frequently seen as result of climate change, there is virtually no carry over of sulphate from one year to the next in many areas.”

Prof Eriksen stresses that while growers are being encouraged to make

ly volatile and is basically the smell of manure, but neither of these are readily available to the plant.

“When you apply fresh manure, there is some content of plant available sulphur, but the longer it is stored the less of this there is and the more of the unavailable organic forms there are.

“These other non-sulphate forms will of course contribute in the longer term when they become mineralised in the soil, but they are not immediate sources and it could take several years before plants are able to utilise the sulphur they contain.”

Digestate from biogas production performs little better in terms of sulphur availability, he adds.

Deficient soil sulphur levels becoming more widespread

“Sulphur is the

forgotten nutrient

Availability

“When organic manures are used in digesters, plant availability of nitrogen in the resulting digestate increases compared to the raw manure or slurry. There is a decomposition process taking place that means what is left becomes more easily available.

“But this is not the case with sulphur. The result of the decomposition process produces volatile forms of sulphur that become emissions and when the methane goes to the grid, these have to be collected in filters.

“Furthermore, the solid material leaving the digester is not only very low in sulphur, it creates immobilisa-

>>

Soil Health

tion of sulphur in the soil, so not only does it not contribute to plant availability, it actually fixes some of the sulphate that was otherwise available."

“All in all, I would say organic sources offer the potential to supply 10% of the sulphur crops require, but no more,”explains Prof Eriksen.

“Growers relying on manures and slurries for their sulphur will soon run into deficiencies, so supplementation is essential.”

Supplementation

Independent soil analysis suggests some 85% of UK arable land is now deficient in sulphur and unless corrected this can have a serious effect on plant growth, final yields and grain quality, says Richard Ward of ICL Growing Solutions.

"With an exceptionally high sulphur content, naturally occurring polysulphate is a proven and reliable means of ensuring nitrogen is used as efficiently as possible and nutrient use efficiency is maximised.

"Polysulphate has vital prolonged release characteristics, with University of Nottingham trials showing over 50% of the sulphur contained is avail

able in the first 12 days after applica tion with the remainder released over the following 6-8 weeks.

"This matches nutrient availability precisely to crop needs through the growing cycle, which is in contrast to traditional NS products, where 100% of the sulphate is released within just 5 - 6 days after application.

"Plus, its unique composition of 48% SO3, 14% K2O, 17% CaO and 6%

Unless corrected, sulphur deficiency can have "a serious effect on plant growth, yields and grain quality"

MgO means it also provides many of the other the essential building blocks required for optimum plant growth and health.

"It's a naturally occurring multi-nutrient sulphate fertiliser mined from under the North Sea and processed into an easy-to-apply product with excellent physical properties and performance right up to spreading widths of 36m and more."

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SCAN ME

Winner announced at Groundswell

rect drilling and reduced inputs. Competition judge Jade Prince, a soil specialist at competition co-sponsor Hutchinsons, praised the way Mr Joseph had re-evaluated his business over the past decade with clarity of purpose and scalability.

“Every decision on John’s farm has a clear agronomic and economic rationale,” she said. “What stood out was his ability to link soil management to business viability, showing that good soil makes good business sense.”

Runner-up

Second place went to Jonathan Hodgson, who farms 285ha of clay soils in East Yorkshire. His system centres on strip tillage, companion cropping, cover crops, and integrated livestock, the elimination of seed dressings and insecticides.

“Jonathan’s approach to en-

from left: Soil Farmer of the Year, John Joseph; Jonathan Hodgson, runner-up; and third-placed Andrew

terprise stacking was particularly inspiring,” said Ms Prince.

“From growing barley for his own distillery to producing dual-purpose flax and grazing sheep on cover crops, he is building diversity and resilience into both soil and business.”

Third place

Third place was awarded to Andrew Mahon, who manages 800ha of Hanslope clay in Bedfordshire.

and microbial support is not just progressive, it's proving highly effective in driving organic matter gains and establishment success.”

Farm walks

Each of the three winning farmers will host on-farm events to share their soil management strategies in action. These farm walks will offer valuable insights for fellow farmers looking to build soil resilience and cut input reliance.

Since 2015, Mr Mahon has shifted to a predominantly direct drill system, with shallow discing being used to establish small seeds.

He focuses on addressing localised compaction and increasing biological activity through targeted interventions.

“Seeing these systems on the ground is invaluable,” said Ms Crossan. “They demonstrate how different soil types, farming systems and business models can all benefit from a soil-first approach.”

Deborah Crossan, head of soils and natural resources at Innovation for Agriculture, said Mr Mahon had pioneering on-farm applications of compost extract and biological feed at drilling.

“His attention to soil biology

Details about the farm walks will be announced via the Farm Carbon Toolkit and Innovation for Agriculture websites, newsletters and social media channels in the coming weeks.

Clockwise

Mahon

‘Exceptional farmer’ wins 2025 sustainability award

Soil and wildlife central to success

ACambridgeshire farmer has scooped a prestigious award for integrating arable production and nature to create a profitable business.

David Felce received the 2025 Rawcliffe Bridge Award for Sustainability at a special ceremony last month. The award was organised by BASF, in partnership with the Andersons Centre, Country Trust and Royal Entomological Society,

The competition was open to any grower implementing outstanding sustainable farming practices. Judges praised Mr Felce for his collaboration, biodiversity income streams and impeccable sustainability mindset.

Exceptional calibre

“The calibre of our finalists was exceptional,” said Alice Johnston, BASF’s agricultural sustainability manager for UK and Ireland.

“Our visit to each business highlighted what’s achievable when a farmer understands their land and how to complement production agriculture with enhancing the wide diversity of flora and fauna that each farm supports.”

Mr Felce won because of his broad delivery on every aspect of sustainable agriculture – particularly his soil health, commitment to water catchment management, wildlife species diversity and his full embrace of integrated pest management.”

A good foundation was vital, said Mr Felce. “With so many variables, understanding the basics, and interactions is likely to be key to developing a sustainable farm and countryside for future generations to enjoy.”

Soil health

to benefit all aspects of his business at Midloe Grange Farm, near Huntingdon.

In terms of wildlife, he had widened the range of biodiversity and types of habitats, created large areas of native woodlands, protected watercourses and utilised technology for environmental monitoring.

Judges were fascinated by David’s pioneering approach to trading Biodiversity Net Gain credits generating income equivalent to his previous support payments – and his decision to take delivery of an autonomous AgXeed tractor.

Progressive thinker

Ms Johnston added: “David is a progressive thinker, both in terms of the technology he uses, as well as his attention to continuously improve farmland biodiversity.

Accepting the award, Mr Felce said: "The family and farm has always been at the heart of all we do, and while my name is on the plate, it is recognition for my wonderful wife Hayley, and whole family.

"The entire process has been quite amazing, from the thought-provoking application to the award ceremony today. I’m really looking forward to building connections, and taking up the opportunities ahead, with BASF and all the award partners.

As the winner of the award, Mr Felce will be fully funded to attend the 2026 Oxford Farming Conference. He will also have access to BASF’s Global Sustainability network and industry experts to help advise and support further on-farm activities.

Worthy winners: Haley and David Felce (holding plate), flanked by (l-r) Alice Johnston, Gustavo Palerosi Carneiro, Rob Gladwin, Mike Heinz and Joel Johnson – all from BASF.

Runners-up impress judges

Joint runners up for the award were Andrew Brown from Fairchilds Lodge, in Rutland; and Emma and Martin Hamer from Meadowsweet Farm in Oxfordshire.

With a strong focus on wildlife and the environment, Mr Brown’s vow to continuous enhancements has included planting 3,500 native trees - with the help of local schools and scout groups – and the sowing of bird, pollen and nectar seed mixes.

He has also established a 3.5km permissive bridleway for the local community, owl nesting boxes, and the implementation of two-year grass free legume mixes, to help eliminate black-grass and enhance wheat crop potential.

Emma and Martin Hamer run a mixed enterprise. Half the land is arable and the rest is in grass, allowing them to combine a wide rotation while integrating their beef herd, contributing positively to both soil and crop health.

They are passionate about adopting new approaches to improve the business and create a completely circular system. This has included experimenting with bi-croppinggrowing peas or beans with oats - as feed for their livestock.

They regularly conduct bird surveys, have sown wildflowers into grass, installed bird nesting boxes, and have offered space to a local beekeeper to encourage more pollination.

BASF’s Alice Johnston said: “The Rawcliffe Bridge Award for Sustainability was created to celebrate the value and importance that the agricultural and wider rural sector

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More than 10,000 visitors attended last month’s Groundswell 2025 event, held on 1-3 July at Lannock Farm, near Hitchin, Hertfordshire.

The sell-out regenerative agriculture festival included over 400 speakers from around the world – among them Prince William and the American “godfather of regenerative agriculture” Gabe Brown.

Visitors heard hearing from handson practitioners about a raft of topics – including mob grazing, birdlife, hedgerow biodiversity, no-till potato growing and a magical foray into a soundscape of soil acoustics in the farm’s woodland.

Content centred on principles of regenerative agriculture – minimising soil disturbance, keeping the soil surface covered, maintaining living roots, maximising crop diversity, re-introducing livestock to the farm.

‘Dirt

to Soil’

Keynote speaker Gabe Brown, the American author of the world-famous Dirt to Soil book, shared his journey from conventional to regenerative agriculture, emphasising the importance of mimicking nature.

He highlighted the significant improvements made to his 2,400ha farm, including increasing soil organic matter, reducing erosion, and growing higher yielding crops without synthetic inputs since 2007.

Praising the spirit of the regenerative community he said: “When we regenerate soils, we regenerate people, communities and natural ecosystems. That's the kind of thinking that we need to scale.

“That's why it's so exciting to be here at Groundwell and see so many people want to take on this challenge. When we go home and look in the mirror, we have to realise that challenge starts with each and every one of us.

from top right: Prince William addresses Groundswell visitors, Groundswell director Alex Cherry, and Gabe Brown

Soil health at heart of Groundswell festival

Clockwide

Soil Health

“That's the kind of thinking that we need to scale, not more bureaucratic compliance checklists and subsidies.”

Monumental event

Event director Alex Cherry said: “It’s been a monumental few days. We are very proud of the whole team for delivering a successful event that brings together thousands of people with a shared mission of building a healthier farming and food system.

“It was incredibly heartening for all of us who have been involved in regenerative farming for many years now to hear Prince William affirming its importance, and making the connections between farming, food and health.

“It feels clear that regen ag is now in the mainstream. Amid the many challenges facing the sector, Groundswell is a wonderfully positive atmosphere, and many people leave the event invigorated with a sense of optimism for the months to come.”

Clockwide from top right: Visitors enjoyed a host of talks; the Duchess of Edinburgh; Prince William

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UK soil scientists examine impact of war on Ukraine

recovery.”

Above and below: Soil scientists are working together in Ukraine and the UK

Inset: Professor Mark Horton

laboratories, and analyse more than 8,000 soil samples across five regions, including Sumy and Kherson.

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The funding is part of the UK government’s continued support for Ukraine and follows the UK’s launch

UK farm minister Daniel Zeichner said: “The UK’s support for Ukraine is ironclad. This research is vital, helping Ukraine in understanding the impact the pollution from war has had on its soils and giving them vital tools to

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March

POULTRY

Buoyant milk year – despite challenging weather

• Good showing for UK dairy farmers

• Growing momentum for organic milk

• Big range in farm performance levels

The last milk year was positive for dairy producers, with continued improvements in cow health and growing momentum in the organic milk sector, according to the latest annual report from Kingshay Dairy Costings.

Although the dreadful weather over the summer of 2024 saw yields from forage drop sharply, the reasonably high milk price and lower feed costs meant margins remained firm.

In fact, given the most favourable milk price: feed price ratio since 2001, the average margin over purchased feed was the strongest for a very long time – the only exception being the spike in milk prices during 2022.

“When it comes to margin over pur chased feed (MOPF), we are still see ing large ranges, even within the same production systems, where groups of herds have similar goals,” says King shay farm services specialist Emma Puddy.

Performance

range

“Housing-focused, all-year-round calving herds had the highest MOPF per cow at £2,937/cow, and the high est was achieved by the low to mod erate-yielding organic herds at 41.15ppl.”

We are still seeing large ranges

That said, data from 1,064 conven tional herds and 98 organic herds, sug gests a wide variation between the top and bottom quartile within each pro duction system.

Organic herds made a strong show

The report highlights a wide range of performance between farms

EmmaPuddy–a better year for dairy farmers

ing a record high of 53.17ppl in March 2025. Milk from forage remains a key strength, with 44% of milk derived from forage compared to below 30% for conventional producers.

dustry, based on its own trials and in vestigations.

Given the higher milk prices, the cost of poor health and fertility increased, both on a per-case and perherd basis. All reported health indicators saw year-on-year improvements.

Mastitis dropped to 24 cases per 100 cows (down by two), and lameness declined from 37 to 34 cases per 100 cows. But fertility saw a bit of a slide – most likely due to poor-quality forage caused by challenging weather.

Comparisons

Calving intervals extended by a day to 394 days, and days to first service crept up by two days to 72. The age of cows at exit is steadily declining, but the proportion of selected versus forced culls has increased again, year-

“The best way for a farm business to see where they are successful and where they could improve is by putting their figures side-by-side with other producers in similar systems,” says Mrs Puddy.

“We hope that by publishing this report we can help farmers to do exactly that, and to find ways to continue the positive trends we’ve seen.” The full report can be downloaded at www.kingshay.co.uk.

‘Planning rules need easing for pig sector ’

• Constraints are continual challenge

• Sector hampered by too many rules

• Planners need to be more consistent

Aplanning overhaul is needed to secure a better future for pig production, industry leaders have told the government.

The National Pig Association made the plea in response to Defra’s review of farming profitability. Other recommendations include a clampdown on disease risk, better trade agreements and easier access to labour.

The farm profitability review is being led by former NFU president Baroness Batters. She has promised to provide meaningful recommendations to government, food retailers, processors and manufacturers.”

Pig industry leaders say constraints within the planning system present a perennial challenge for the sectors. Their response to the review argues that planning is a key blocker to unlocking agricultural business potential.

“There needs to be an inherent understanding of the need for and importance of agricultural infrastructure in a viable and environmentally sensitive agricultural business, and a mechanism to facilitate this.”

Planning

NPA recommendations include a revision of ammonia thresholds by which

planning applications are screened according to, which are ‘extremely low and make proportionate agricultural expansion virtually impossible’.

The response also criticises the lack of consistency among local authorities when it comes planning approvals for indoor pig units. Applications are often delayed and/or rejected due to various concerns including environmental impact, it says.

International trade

The NPA welcomes government assurances that UK food standards are a red

“Applications are often delayed

line in trade negotiations. But it says differences in environmental and animal welfare standards during production must also be recognised.

It also echoes NFU calls for a set of core production standards that would apply to both domestically produced and imported food sold in the UK. “Failure to do so would represent a betrayal to British farmers,” it says.

The NPA warns that the UK remains poorly protected from biosecurity and disease threats, especially given the prevalence of African Swine Fever in parts of the EU; and the risk of foot and mouth disease, which has been active in Europe this year.

High volumes of illegally imported meat that continue to enter the country, says the NPA. It calls for better border controls for all meat imports and ensure there is sufficient resource available at major entry points including ports, such as Dover – especially from countries where ASF is rife, such as Romania.

Different councils have different attitudes to pig production

Workforce

Labour shortages across the pig industry have been an ongoing post Brexit challenge at a farm and abattoir level. While the use of overseas labour through the Skilled Visa route has been a feasible, albeit expensive, workaround, this looks set to stop. Recently announced immigration rule changes suggest this route will be unworkable, says the NFU. Reforms remove a number of jobs from the scheme, including farmers, farm managers, butchers, and veterinary nurses, says the NPA.

Baroness Batters is expected to present her findings to the government in the coming months. The government will then respond to her review at a later date.

Julia Lee wins Young Farm Vet of Year Award

ANorfolk poultry specialist has been named Young Farm Vet of the Year.

Hui Pin Julia Lee is an associate veterinarian at Crowshall Veterinary Services, Attleborough. She received the award at the National Egg & Poultry Awards ceremony in London attended by hundreds of guests.

After learning English at an international school in China, Ms Lee came to the UK in 2016 when she opted to study at the Royal Veterinary College and graduated in 2021. She joined Crowshall in 2024.

Ms Lee works across the entire poultry sector from broilers and lay-

ers to ducks and game birds where her hands-on approach providing clinical advice supports welfare initiatives and manages complex export schedules for global poultry trade.

Her influence extends to education and knowledge sharing where she leads ‘lunch and learn’ sessions for fellow vets and students and recently pre sented on cage-free systems at a ma jor international welfare conference at Shanghai.

Crowshall director Henry Lamb, himself a former winner of the Young Farm Vet Award, praised Ms Lee's gold standard service and ambassadorial role within the sector.

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NFU tells Starmer to hold firm on poultry standards

Farmer leader Tom Bradshaw has urged Keir Starmer to hold firm on poultry production standards when negotiating trade deals.

The NFU has written to the Prime Minister calling for the government to continue its balanced approach to trade and to protect UK standards as trade negotiations progress with the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC).

The GCC currently imports approximately 85% of its food requirements. This presents opportunities for British farmers, particularly for products such as dairy, lamb and oats.

Health and welfare

But there have been reports that the deal could include uncapped access to the UK’s poultry market for chicken meat. While reports suggest imports would have to meet UK hygiene standards, this rule wouldn’t extend to animal welfare.

Mr Bradshaw said GCC standards fell well short of those expected in the UK poultry sector. The government should stand by pledges made by Sir Keir to protect Britain’s high production standards.

“Balanced and mutually beneficial trade deals can provide a real economic boost, including for farm businesses,” said Mr Bradshaw. “A modern trade deal with the GCC, if fair and balanced, could offer huge potential for agricultural exporters.

Market access

As always, striking the right balance would depend on the government upholding its commitments to deny greater market access for food imports which have been produced in ways that are illegal here.

This would undermine Britain's reputation for high animal welfare standards that our producers deliv-

Poultry welfare standards are much higher in the UK, says the NFU

er, and consumers value and rightly expec, said Mr Bradshaw.

“Our poultry sector produces to some of the highest standards in the world. This is vastly different to the GCC trading bloc which only seems to have basic welfare provisions, which fall well short of the robust legisla-

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tion in place in the UK.

“It’s vital the government takes the same balanced approach it took with the recent India and US trade agreements. This is the next test to see if the government will stand strong and protect the standards our country demands and values.”

Banned pork products taken off sale

Eurostar has withdrawn pork products from duty free sales at Brussels after a biosecurity warning from the National Pig Association.

The NPA called for government action after it emerged that Eurostar passengers in Brussels were being encouraged to purchase banned pork products at duty free before head-ing off to the UK.

It followed a tightening of rules on personal imports in response to the spread of foot-andmouth disease in Europe. This made it illegal to bring in any foods like cured meats, cheese, and milk into Britain from the EU.

Banned products

But a wide selection of banned Belgian pork products remained on sale beyond pass-port control at Brussels Midi station in a shop exclusively accessible to people traveling to London.

The NPA has long called for the government to tighten up and enforce its national

biose-curity. NPA policy adviser Katie Jarvis said: “Clearly, news of these controls, which have been in place for some time, has not been received and understood.”

A UK government spokesperson said: “We are working closely with Border Force, ports, airports and international travel operators, to increase awareness of the new re-strictions including via prominent signs.”

The NPA has continually stressed the point to government that the relatively small extra costs involved to bolster UK national disease defences would pale into insignificance against the cost of a notifiable disease outbreak.

Hatchery hygiene audits critical to pathogen control

Specialist technical advice is key

Hatchery managers are being encouraged to carry out regular hygiene audits to support their biosecurity protocols.

Hatcheries present unique hygiene challenges compared to other farm settings, operating more like food factories which require significantly higher cleanliness standards, says Rob Hallewell, hatchery hygiene expert at Kersia UK.

"Hatcheries operate on a unique principle where you start with a relatively clean product – the egg – which then hatches and produces all the waste that comes with a living, breathing animal," he explains.

"This is why the focus on cleanliness is so critical, particularly in areas like transfer, hatching, and processing."

Clean and dirty

Bacterial pathogens and AI must not gain a foothold inside a hatchery, says Mr Hallewell. Regular hygiene audits are essential for maintaining effective pathogen control and biosecurity in these settings.

"This includes checking the quality of cleaning in areas that have already been cleaned, conducting microbiological testing through total viable count (TVC) swabbing in both clean and dirty areas.”

Producers should verify that products are being applied at the correct

strength through titration checks, adds Mr Hallewell. With heightened AI concerns, hatcheries in affected areas are implementing more stringent disinfection protocols."When a hatchery is located in an AI zone, they must demonstrate that they meet certain standards of biosecurity set out by Defra and APHA so they can continue to operate.

Effective biosecurity

As part of this designation process, disinfectants will be increased to a general orders rate for application. These are higher than standard rates and are specified by Defra, who also independently test disinfectants for efficacy.

Basic biosecurity measures recommended for all hatcheries include control of vehicle and personnel movements onto site, disinfectant application to wheels and footwear at all points of entry.

Hatcheries present unique challenges for hygiene

Rob Hallewell –Kersia UK hatchery hygiene expert

surfaces and provide additional harbourage for microorganisms.

Best results

Understanding the nature of the debris and applying the correct hygiene products with the appropriate equipment will deliver the best results. Working with a partner who can support with specialist technical advice is key.

"It's about cleaning sensibly rather than destructively, then applying appropriate disinfectants at the correct concentrations," says Mr Hallewell.

Good door discipline, segregated clothing and hand washing protocols are important. It’s also important to have a robust hygiene regime including ‘clean as you go’ protocols, and to understand egg flow and airflow to prevent cross-contamination.

A managerial approach to cleaning is vital for successful disinfection and pathogen control, adds Mr Hallewell. Hatcheries should avoid aggressive cleaning methods that can damage

UK pig producers are being encouraged to strengthen contingency plans for African Swine Fever (ASF).

Organised by AHDB in partnership with Livetec Systems and the National Pig Association , a nationwide series of 25 special workshops is being held throughout 2025 to prepare producers for the rising threat of ASF.

“The threat of ASF is real,” says AHDB senior animal health and welfare scientist Miranda Poulson.

“When it strikes, it strikes hard. That’s why preparation is critical – not just for ASF, but for any notifiable disease like foot-and-mouth.”

Working alongside veterinary practices across England, the 25 face-to-face sessions are open to all producers. The aim is to help farmers collaborate with their vets to develop bespoke, farm-level contingency plans.

Paul Thompson, clinical director at Garth Vets, who

Mr Hallewell acknowledges that aging fabrication presents a significant challenge for many hatcheries – with some older facilities creating pathogen hot spots, which can make cleaning challenging.

A well-trained team is the most important link. “Regular reviews of hatchery hygiene protocols with a specialist will ensure the highest standards of biosecurity are maintained during any high-risk period.”

facilitated the first event, said the workshops would help producers identify clinical signs of disease, understand how ASF spreads, and formulate strategic farm-specific plans.

“Bringing together a diverse mix of producers, from small independents to larger farming operations, there’s something for everyone to take away from these workshops,” he says.

“So far, it seems one of the biggest eye-openers for many has been the importance of safeguarding personal property and homes from movement restrictions – highlighting the need for strategic boundary planning on farms.”

With funding provided through the AHDB levy, the sessions aim to build producer confidence and ensure a swift, coordinated response in the event of an outbreak.

For more details, visit: ahdb.org.uk/african-swine-fever

Trusted Professionals in the Pig Industry

Trusted Professionals in the Pig Industry

Trusted Professionals in the Pig Industry

Trusted Professionals in the Pig Industry

Trusted Professionals in the Pig Industry

Launched in 2023, G&V Tait has become the leading firm of professional valuers and consultants dedicated to the pig industry. We deliver precise, impartial assessments backed by RICS quality standards

Trusted Professionals in the Pig Industry

Trusted Professionals in the Pig Industry

Launched in 2023, G&V Tait has become the leading firm of professional valuers and consultants dedicated to the pig industry. We deliver precise, impartial assessments backed by RICS quality standards

Launched in 2023, G&V Tait has become the leading firm of professional valuers and consultants dedicated to the pig industry. We deliver precise, impartial assessments backed by RICS quality standards

Launched in 2023, G&V Tait has become the leading firm of professional valuers and consultants dedicated to the pig industry. We deliver precise, impartial assessments backed by RICS quality standards

Launched in 2023, G&V Tait has become the leading firm of professional valuers and consultants dedicated to the pig industry. We deliver precise, impartial assessments backed by RICS quality standards

Launched in 2023, G&V Tait has become the leading firm of professional valuers and consultants dedicated to the pig industry. We deliver precise, impartial assessments backed by RICS quality standards

Pig farm valuations - sector-specific insight of over 15 farms to date

Pig farm valuations - sector-specific insight of over 15 farms to date

Launched in 2023, G&V Tait has become the leading firm of professional valuers and consultants dedicated to the pig industry. We deliver precise, impartial assessments backed by RICS quality standards

Pig farm valuations - sector-specific insight of over 15 farms to date

Pig farm valuations - sector-specific insight of over 15 farms to date

Pig farm valuations - sector-specific insight of over 15 farms to date

Equipment and livestock valuations - valuing over £16m in pig-related assets

Equipment and livestock valuations - valuing over £16m in pig-related assets

Pig farm valuations - sector-specific insight of over 15 farms to date

Equipment and livestock valuations - valuing over £16m in pig-related assets

Pig farm valuations - sector-specific insight of over 15 farms to date

Equipment and livestock valuations - valuing over £16m in pig-related assets

Equipment and livestock valuations - valuing over £16m in pig-related assets

Used equipment brokerage - £70,000 in used equipment transacted to date

Used equipment brokerage - £70,000 in used equipment transacted to date

Equipment and livestock valuations - valuing over £16m in pig-related assets

Equipment and livestock valuations - valuing over £16m in pig-related assets

Used equipment brokerage - £70,000 in used equipment transacted to date

Used equipment brokerage - £70,000 in used equipment transacted to date

On -farm auctions - two retirement auctions successfully completed

Used equipment brokerage - £70,000 in used equipment transacted to date

Used equipment brokerage - £70,000 in used equipment transacted to date

On -farm auctions - two retirement auctions successfully completed

Used equipment brokerage - £70,000 in used equipment transacted to date

On -farm auctions - two retirement auctions successfully completed

On -farm auctions - two retirement auctions successfully completed

On -farm auctions - two retirement auctions successfully completed

Whether you're buying, selling, or managing your pig farming assets, G&V Tait is here to provide the expert support you need.

On -farm auctions - two retirement auctions successfully completed

Whether you're buying, selling, or managing your pig farming assets, G&V Tait is here to provide the expert support you need.

On -farm auctions - two retirement auctions successfully completed

Whether you're buying, selling, or managing your pig farming assets, G&V Tait is here to provide the expert support you need.

Whether you're buying, selling, or managing your pig farming assets, G&V Tait is here to provide the expert support you need.

Whether you're buying, selling, or managing your pig farming assets, G&V Tait is here to provide the expert support you need.

Contact us today to discuss the requirements of your pig farming business.

Whether you're buying, selling, or managing your pig farming assets, G&V Tait is here to provide the expert support you need.

Contact us today to discuss the requirements of your pig farming business.

Contact us today to discuss the requirements of your pig farming business.

Whether you're buying, selling, or managing your pig farming assets, G&V Tait is here to provide the expert support you need.

Tel: 07900 605349

Tel: 07900 605349

Contact us today to discuss the requirements of your pig farming business.

Email: info@gandvtait.com

Contact us today to discuss the requirements of your pig farming business.

Tel: 07900 605349

Website: www.gandvtait.com

Email: info@gandvtait.com

Contact us today to discuss the requirements of your pig farming business.

Tel: 07900 605349

Email: info@gandvtait.com

Website: www.gandvtait.com

Contact us today to discuss the requirements of your pig farming business.

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Ewe condition at weaning has long-term effect

It’s hard to believe for some people, but the decisions you make about weaning in 2025 can directly influence your 2026 lamb crop, writes Nerys Wright.

While much attention is rightly given to preparing ewes for tupping, research shows that their body condition score (BCS) and liveweight at weaning have a lasting impact—not just on scanning results, but also on the weight of lambs at weaning 12 months later.

As we navigate a dry summer, it may be tempting to delay weaning due to limited grass availability. However, timely weaning—ideally around 12 weeks of age—is essential for both ewe recovery and lamb performance.

By this stage, lambs are consum-

ing very little milk and rely more on grazing or hard feed. Ewes and lambs begin to compete directly for the same dry matter intake, which can limit lamb growth and prevent ewes from regaining the condition they need ahead of breeding.

Weaning allows ewes to rebuild condition without the demands of lactation—especially important when forage is scarce. Thin ewes need every opportunity to recover before tupping, as poor condition can negatively affect fertility and scanning percentages.

On good grazing, it typically takes 6–8 weeks to gain one unit of BCS, so giving ewes this time is vital to ensure they’re in optimal shape for

lenging grazing conditions.

While early weaning in a dry year might feel counterintuitive, it’s a strategic move that protects ewe condition, supports lamb growth, and lays the foundation for a productive breeding season and a strong lamb crop next year.

Top Tip: Wean lambs by 12 weeks and monitor ewe BCS closely. Prioritise thinner ewes for better grazing or supplementary feed. If

Shearers team up for new British record

Two young sheep shearers teamed up to achieve a new British record earlier last month.

Gethin Lewis from Rhayader and Llyr Evans from Aberystwyth achieved a new eight-hour two-stand British ewe shearing record. Gethin was also successful in setting a new British individual record.

Shearing started at 7 am at Gethin’s farm in Cwmdauddwr, Rhayader. The last ewe was shorn at 5 pm after four shearing runs. A total of 1,364 ewes shorn in eight hours –beating the existing record of 1,075 ewes which had stood since 2019.

‘Delighted’

Both shearers were also up for the eight-hour solo British record of 663 ewes held by Huw Jones from the previous week. Llyr shore 668 and Gethin became the new record holder, shearing 696 ewes.

Catching up with both shearers at the end of their successful at-

tempt, Gethin said: “I’m delighted that our attempt was successful. It's been a 12-month journey preparing for today, but all the hard work has been worth it.”

Speaking about the hot weather, Llyr added: “The extreme heat made the challenge more difficult and at times during the day it was extremely difficult and we both needed to dig deep to get through to the end.”

Gareth Jones, of British Wool, said: "Setting a shearing record requires not only personal dedication and skill but also the collective effort of a strong support team. We commend everyone involved in making this success possible."

The Welsh Air Ambulance and Brain Tumour Research were the nominated charities, with fundraising taking place during the day.

Gethin Lewis and Llyr Evans set a new eight-hour record

Timely weaning is essential for ewe recovery

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UK Dairy Day set for bumper event

• Thousands of visitors expected to attend

• Showcase of best British dairy sector

• Exhibitors from UK and overseas

Final touches are being put to this year's UK Dairy Day event, which takes place next month at the International Centre, Telford, Shropshire.

The dedicated annual event for the dairy industry on 10 September brings together all facets of the industry for face-to-face networking – alongside a showcase of some of the UK’s best dairy cattle breeds.

A Sharing Knowledge Zone will feature seminars and industry panels cover a range of topics related to dairy herds and farm businesses. A careers board will showcase job vacancies and the details of individuals looking for work.

Seminar topics will include the latest updates on tax changes and planning options for farmers and landowners; with a special focus on sustainability, data and people during the morning sessions.

Good practice

Taking place throughout the day, AHDB and Shropshire Farm Vets will demonstrate how lung scanning can help dairy farmers assess lung damage caused by pneumonia – and un-

derstand its impact as calves transition into the milking herd.

Carolyn Baguley and the team from Scarsdale Vets will present their innovative calf painting demonstration to highlight ways that good management practice can enhance animal health and welfare.

It's a global platform for UK breeders

Tim Carter will give a practical demonstration on foot trimming, blocking and knife sharpening. Demonstrations will take place throughout the day and streamed to a large TV screen with live commentary.

Some 300 businesses are expected to attend the event from the UK and further afield. Thousands of visitors are expected to attend the show – with six different breeds judged in the main ring. Judges for this year's keenly fought cattle classes have now been announced.

Top cattle show judges for Ayrshire, Brown Swiss, Dairy Shorthorn, Guernsey and Jersey will cast their professional eyes

over the breeds under the spotlights during a full day of cattle classes.

Ayrshire and Guernsey judge Peter Berresford runs the 140-cow Heydale Ayrshire herd 1,000 feet up in the Derbyshire Peak District. He has judged at most major shows in the UK and his herd has had five All-Britain winners and numerous show winners.

Brown Swiss Judge Andrew Cope, of the Huddlesford herd in Staffordshire, is on the Brown Swiss, Holstein UK and EHRC judging panels. He has won Champion Holstein three times at the Royal Show and four times at the Dairy Events

Dairy Shorthorn Judge Kylie Preisinger grew up with Milking Shorthorns in Vermont, USA. She is the fourth generation involved with the Green Acres prefix and served as a director for 12 years for the American Milking Shorthorn Society.

Livestream

Jersey Judge Hefyn Wilson farms at Tregibby Farm in Cardigan, where he milks 90 Holsteins and Jerseys, along with 140 Youngstock. Hefyn is a member of the Jersey UK and Holstein UK National judging panels and the EHRC judging panel.

The judge for the National Holstein Show is David Hodgson, of Wormanby Holsteins, Cumbria. Classes will run throughout the day and be livestreamed to a worldwide audience to watch the winners tapped out in the main ring.

For full details, including tickets, visit www.ukdairyday.co.uk

The one-day event will showcase some of the best UK dairy cattle

Cutting-edge technology boosts productivity

An innovative camera and AI system is helping dairy farm ers improve productivity and cow health.

The system uses a camera fitted to the parlour or race, allowing a bird'seye view of the cows as they pass un derneath. It assesses mobility and body condition score (BCS), which the farmer can view on a desktop or app.

The HerdVision system is availa ble exclusively through Wynnstay, whose specialists then advise farm ers on the best way to improve their business productivity by addressing any issues within the herd.

Partnership

“This partnership brings the benefits of early identification of problem cows alongside support from Wynnstay's specialists, nutritionists and range of products – ensuring that any problems are quickly addressed,” says HerdVision chief executive Matt Dobbs.

partnership can make a difference.

“Wynnstay's superior knowledge of dairy farming, range of expertise and wide product portfolio made them logical partners to bring the benefits of vision technology to UK dairy farming.”

Having the data and information is great, but what is more important is for farmers to utilise it in the best way to maximise their return on investment, says Mr Dobbs.

With data from the HerdVision reports, and working alongside the farm’s foot trim-mer, Wynnstay says it can identify problem areas which may be causing issues like sole bruising or white line disease.

Significant savings

Research suggests lameness can cost as much as £330 per cow. Savings using Herdvision could be significant, particularly considering the cost an accredited mo-bility scorer, explains Wynnstay nutritionist David Jones.

“For nutritionists, this will provide

issues within the herd, says David Jones

'Don’t let drought leave a dirty legacy'

Farmers are being urged to test wa-

cantly during and after drought, says Mr Whittingham. “When rain eventually arrives, it can wash accumulated contaminants such as E. coli, Salmonella or Cryptosporidium into water systems.”

Frequent testing

As you can’t see pathogens, it’s easy to assume the water is safe, says Mr Whittingham. But water should be tested every six months, and ideally more often in times of environmental stress.

lactation – allowing for valuable in sights into the transition period and its success, along with information on potential overfeeding or underfeeding.

“Mobility issues are one of the main reasons for cows to leave the herd early so this will also improve cow longevity and sustainability.

“Once set up, the farmer has the benefit of a wealth of knowledge and expertise from the Wynnstay team.”

The system costs £5,900 with a free subscription for the first year. HerdVision is eligible for the Farming Equipment and Technology Fund.

harmful microbes and encourage algae. Shrinking water levels in boreholes or watercourses can allow surface run-off and manure to enter the system. Warmer temperatures also encourage microbes.

“Clean water is just as important as providing high quality feed, with lactating cows consuming over 100 litres a day. Any drop in intake or water hygiene can impact milk yield, fertility and introduce disease.”

Multiple points

Mr Whittingham says farmers should sample water from multiple points, checking for microbial and mineral imbalances, and treating where needed – including by UV filtration, chemical dosing, or improved trough hygiene routines.

“Some farms benefit from low-level continuous treatment, others need emergency interventions when issues arise. Don’t let drought leave a dirty legacy.

Preventative testing and biosecurity protocols will protect both the herd and your bottom line. We recommend working with a trusted supplier or vet to interpret test results and develop a treatment plan.”

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Defra review raises ‘serious concerns’ for horticulture

• Big implications for UK growers

• Challenge for seasonal workers

• Cost of recruitment could soar

Requiring growers to cover all costs associated with seasonal workers under the Seasonal Worker Scheme would pose a huge challenge, says the NFU.

The warning follows a review into the Employer Pays Principle – the idea that no worker should pay for a job, with the costs of recruitment instead borne by the employer, rather than the employee.

The NFU said any additional costs that could be passed up the supply chain would put significant financial pressure on growers. Many growers operate on profit margins as low as 2%, it said.

Implementing EPP could force

some growers out of business, said the NFU. While some growers may be able to pass on some extra costs, they would still face serious losses, potential closures, job cuts and reduced production.

Vital role

NFU horticulture and potatoes board chair Martin Emmett said: “Seasonal workers play a vital role in getting

Workers pay cost of travelling to UK

Half of all seasonal workers coming to the UK pay for their own travel – despite increasing pressure for employers to foot the bill.

A Defra survey polled more than 14,000 seasonal workers in the three months to March 2025. Nearly all respondents (94.4%) said they paid for their visa, while 56.7% of respondents reported paying for travel costs to the UK.

Aside from these costs, a small proportion of respondents also stated they incurred other pre-arrival costs, the most reported of these being migration or labour ministry fees (13.3%).

Most respondents said they paid their costs from their own savings (59.1%), with 27.4% paying their costs through loans from family and friends. Almost all (96.2%) were provided with a contract in a language they could understand.

Similarly, most respondents considered the information provided to them during the recruitment process as accurate. This included information on accommodation costs, pay rates and contract length.

More than nine out of ten respondents (96.2%) said they were paid for all the work they performed, with 96.7% provided with at least an average of 32 hours of work per week, and 91.4% working in the UK for over 4 months.

Responses to the survey indicated that workers on the Seasonal Worker visa route were content with their working and living conditions while in the UK, with nine out of 10 happy about their accommodation, pay, operator support, and safety.

Apart from essentials – such as food and accommodation – the most frequently reported costs while in the UK were travel to the respondents’ first farm and then between farms (42.3%).

the nation’s favourite fresh fruit, vegetables and flowers onto supermarket shelves and without them the sector simply wouldn’t function.”

The review was jointly commissioned by Defra and the Seasonal Worker Taskforce. Mr Emmett said it confirmed what many growers had feared. “Expecting employers to cover all extra costs could seriously damage UK horticulture,” he said.

“Most businesses already run on very tight margins, so this would push some over the edge. That is at odds with the government’s Food Strategy ambition to provide more easily accessible healthy food for the nation.”

Mr Emmett said there were some gaps in the study. The review had overlooked numerous issues, he added. The NFU wanted to agree any next steps with the taskforce without risking the future of UK farming and food security.

“It didn’t look into the prevalence or scale of any possible worker debt. This is an important issue that requires further thought to determine the best way to address it while also safeguarding the future of UK horticulture and food security.

“Employers care deeply about worker welfare and are already working closely across the supply chain to improve experiences. This review is part of that ongoing effort, and we will work with the taskforce to carefully consider the findings.”

Employers should bear all recruitment costs – not workers, says the review

“

Growers already run on tight margins

£150m in capital grants: act now to secure share

Allocation on a first come, first served basis

Farmers are being advised to act quickly following a new round of capital grants worth £150m to growers and livestock producers.

The Defra offer funds a range of on-farm projects – from tree planting and flood prevention to improved slurry storage and water filtration – helping farmers boost profitability while protecting the environment.

“The scheme will operate on a first come, first served basis and with high demand expected, it will be important to act as soon as possible,” says farm consultant Henry Clemons, of Strutt & Parker.

Eligible projects

Capital grants last year helped plant over 4,000 miles of hedgerows and upgrade slurry systems. This year eligible projects include covering slurry lagoons, concrete yard renewal or covering sprayer washdown areas.

The grants are a good opportunity to carry out improvements, says Mr Clemons. But it may not be possible to complete some projects within the £25-£35,000 limit for grants in the main item groups, meaning additional money will need to be found.

Farmers should carefully assess their cash flows and the expected outcomes before applying. The grant will require businesses to cover 100% of

“Make sure the finances add up

the project cost up front, with reimbursement coming later.

“Make sure the finances add up, and that any investment aligns with your long-term business strategy,” says Mr Clemons. The scheme will close for applications once this year’s £150m budget has been fully allocated.

Application

Defra has already warned that while it wants to give notice of any impending closure – to avoid a repeat of the surprise suspension of the Sustainable Farming Incentive (SFI) – this may not be possible.

“Only one successful application per business will be allowed in any one year. The government has said it intends to run another round of the scheme in 2026, but we do not know what the budget for that will be.”

Applicants will need approval from a Catchment Sensitive Farming (CSF) adviser for capital items that help improve water and air quality. This will involve booking an advisory visit or consultation.

Grants have already helped plant and lay 4,000 miles of hedgerows

The government says the grants forms part of an £11.8bn it has committed to sustainable farming during the course of this parliament –boosting food security, supporting rural growth, and protecting the environment.

How the grants will work

Capital grants are the latest in a series of important steps to support the farming industry, says the government.

The steps include the appointment of former NFU president Minette Batters to recommend reforms to boost farmers’ profits, and ensuring farmers get a bigger share of food contracts across schools, hospitals, and prisons.

Farmers and land managers can apply for a total of 78 items, ranging from supporting natural flood management projects to improving water quality on farms under this new round of the capital grants offer.

Four new items have been added to the list of eligible projects – including assessing woodland condition, creating wildfire management plans, repairing drystone walls and hosting educational visits.

Changes are being made so more farm businesses can access these grants - making it fairer for farmers by setting funding limits that maximise the number of farms benefiting, while enabling Defra to manage budgets more effectively.

This includes funding limits to four of the six groups of capital items in this Capital Grants offer. An application can include items from each of the six groups. The funding limit for four of the groups is:

£25,000 maximum for each of the following three groups: water quality, air quality, and natural flood management

£35,000 maximum for the group covering boundaries, trees, and orchards

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Farmers more likely to seek pension advice following autumn budget

• Concern over inheritance tax

• Some farmers spend savings

• Plan to maximise cash ISAs

More farmers are seeking pension advice following last autumn’s budget which included plans to impose inheritance tax on farming families.

Almost half of all farmers plan to seek financial advice amid mounting concern about their finances – and rising concern about volatile stock markets, according to a new study by rural insurer NFU Mutual.

Some 48% of farmers said they planned to seek financial advice in the next six months – significantly higher than 36% of non-farmers who said they planned to do so. Concerns were most likely to be centred around pension savings.

Private pensions

As well as plans to impose 20% inheritance tax on farm assets worth over £1million, last autumn’s budget also proposed that unspent private pension wealth should be included as part of estates for inheritance tax purposes from April 2027.

“Many are worried about the impact on their pensions and finances,”

“ Many are worried about the impact

“It is no surprise that many farmers’ concerns about their finances centre around their pensions given the proposals to bring pensions within the inheritance tax net.”

Financial planning

Some 62% of all customers interviewed in the latest survey in April and May said their attitude towards savings and investing had also been affected by international tension – up from 36% who cited it as a factor in November 2024.

NFU Mutual personal finance expert David Nottingham said: “The latest study shows a continued increase in short term financial concerns among rural customers due to international tensions.

“This explains why we are seeing an increased appetite for specialist advice as rural customers seek to navigate the uncertainty and secure their financial future.”

Loan repayments

Some customers saying they had decided to spend their savings to avoid inheritance tax, with others saying they planned to maximise their cash ISA allowances in case of future government changes.

Confidence among farmers is lower than that of non-farmers. Some 44%

Many said they were more focused on making additional loan repayments.

No surprise

But the proportion of customers who said they were concerned about their finances over the next five years has dropped to 49% compared to 57% last November.

Inheritance tax is a particular concern for older participants, said Mr Nottingham.

“Customers remain cautious given international tensions and the continued cost of living pressures but there are some bright spots notably that customer pessimism over the next five years has decreased significantly.”

NFU Mutual questioned 331 farming and non-farming customers about their confidence in saving and investment as part of its twice-yearly investor sentiment study.

Impartial advice available for farmers

The government’s Money and Pensions Service (MaPS) offers free, impartial guidance and information that can help farmers of all ages plan for retirement and set up a pension. Whether you’re just starting out on your farming career or nearing retirement, the MaPS MoneyHelper service offers a range of free tools and resources to guide you through your options.

MoneyHelper provides free and impartial, easy-to-understand guidance and information on pensions, budgeting, and retirement planning.

The MaPS Pension Calculator can help you to understand how much you’ll have in retirement based on your specific contributions.

Those over the age of 50 with a Defined Contribution pension can also arrange a Pension Wise appointment, either by booking a free one hour telephone appointment or using the digital appointment on the MoneyHelper website.

Understanding pensions can be tricky, but you don’t have to go it alone – there’s expert guidance available at your fingertips.

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Nature-friendly farming practices are good for biodiversity – and some crop yields – but often remain unviable without government support, say researchers.

A major four-year study across 17 commercial farms has found that agroecological practices can enhance biodiversity and farm output – but high costs and land-use trade-offs mean most approaches are unprofitable.

Scientists from Rothamsted Research and the UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology tested how far farmers could reduce reliance on agrochemicals by using interventions such as wildflower margins, cover crops, and soil enrichment.

Farms trialled three systems: a business-as-usual approach; enhanced ecosystems using margins and cover crops; and a maximising model that added soil organic matter and in-field strips to attract beneficial insects.

Soils under the maximising model showed the greatest carbon gains, and both ecological systems saw increases in earthworm populations and beneficial predatory and pollinating insects.

Cereals and oilseed rape yields

also rose under these systems. But the financial picture was less positive. Higher yields failed to compensate for land taken out of production. Only the ecosystem model broke even – and only with subsidy support.

UKCEH ecologist Dr Ben Woodcock said: “Without the introduction of new financial incentives, many farmers will be deterred from adopting agroecological farming practices and systems.

Locked in

He added: “This could leave them locked into high input, intensive farming systems and more exposed to the impacts of pesticide resistance, declining soil health and climate change.”

Jonathan Storkey, of Rothamsted Research, said the study confirmed that managing land on farms for wildlife was not in conflict with food security – but could support sustainable production by increasing yields and reducing pest pressure.

But Prof Storkey warned “Our analysis has shown that realising these benefits will require additional support for farm businesses that currently operate

narrow profit margins.”

The study was published in the journal Applied Ecology. It comes as farm business consultants Andersons warns that farmers can no longer rely on the government for the profitability of their business.

Transition

Many farmers have used government support such as the Sustainable Farming Incentive to help them ride out the phaseout of direct payments. But the SFI was closed to new applications earlier this year.

“When the SFI returns, likely in early 2026, it will not look the same as the scheme recently closed,” said Richard King of Andersons.

“It may be limited to certain geographic areas, or sizes of farms. Many of the popular options may no longer be available. Farmers are likely to have to look

elsewhere for assistance. Support could be available through the market.

“There are currently only limited premiums available for regenerative produce, but this may change in future. One issue that may prevent markets growing strongly is confusion in the public’s mind about what ‘regenerative’ stands for.”

Regenerative farming will almost always have lower emissions than other farming systems. And there may be opportunities to monetise this through carbon payments.

One final source of support that is often overlooked, is from banks and other funders. Andersons says banks are generally likely to be supportive of a change in farming system. But they need to be kept informed about what is going on because an unexplained dip in financial performance will cause concern.

'We need to show schemes offer value for money'

Funding for the Sustainable Farming Incentive is critical to nature recovery, says the Game and Wildlife Conservation Trust.

GWCT director Roger Draycott said farmers needed to demonstrate that schemes delivered value for public money. The GWCT Big Farmland Bird Count showed that nature-friendly farming was effective, he said.

The annual bird count encourages farmers and land owners to go out and count the species and number of birds on their land dur-

ing a two-week window in February every year.

During the 2025 bird count, a total of 358,913 birds, belonging to 125 species, were recorded across 699,869 acres (283,227 hectares) of farmland by 1,369 farmers, land managers or their helpers.

Of the farms where counts took place, 65% were in agri-environment schemes, and nearly half undertook supplementary feeding of birds in winter and many had planted wild bird seed mixes to provide food. Both are SFI options.

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Farmland prices edge down amid market slowdown

Variable values across country

The farmland market in England and Wales continues to drift, with buyers and sellers hesitating amid ongoing political and economic uncertainty.

Average values for bare agricultural land fell by 2.3% during the second quarter of 2025 to £8,861/acre, suggests the latest Knight Frank farmland index – a decline of 5.1% over the past 12 months.

The good news is that prices remain 27% higher than five years ago and more than triple what they were two decades ago.

But the market is lacking momentum, with subdued activity subdued despite these longer-term gains.

No clear trend

“There's no clear rhyme or reason as to what’s selling and what’s not,” says Will Matthews, Knight Frank head of farms and estates sales.

“Some farms that have been sitting on the market for a while are suddenly attracting strong interest, while others are proving difficult to even get viewings. We’re not seeing clear value trends, and that reflects how few deals are actually being done.”

The slowdown in transactions makes it harder to establish reliable pricing benchmarks and is weighing on market confidence. Despite slightly more land brought forward this year compared to 2024, volumes remain well below pre-Covid norms.

It’s a difficult market to read “

“This year’s uptick is really just a response to how little happened last year,” explains Mr Matthews. “It doesn’t signal any major shift in sentiment among landowners.”

Despite speculation that next year’s changes to inheritance tax would trigger

early sales by farm owners and family businesses, Knight Frank reports that activity remains limited.

“We’ve had virtually no calls from owners wanting to sell ahead of the proposed tax reforms. It’s clearly a background concern, and I expect we’ll hear more about it in the months ahead, but it hasn’t yet influenced decision-making in any meaningful way.”

Demand-side factors are also weighing on the market. At the same time, a broader cooling in the prime housing market is having a knock-on effect on interest in equipped farms and residential estates.

agreed in advance. When the right opportunity appears, they’re in a position to move quickly.”

International interest remains notable, with the team receiving multiple recent enquiries from the US, Asia and the Middle East in recent weeks. Irish buyers also continue to be particularly active.

“There’s still significant global wealth focused on UK rural property. But even at the top end of the market, people are taking their time. With all the geopolitical uncertainty in the world right now, few are in

The slowdown in new housing development and infrastructure delivery has significantly reduced the pool of rollover buyers – typically motivated landowners looking to reinvest the proceeds of compulsory purchases or land sales.

“The development pipeline has gone quiet, and the top of the housing market is facing its own challenges. As a result, we’re seeing less urgency from the kind of buyers who were once a dominant force in certain parts of the farmland market.”

Strongest demand

Savills has established a new forestry team – extending the land agent’s coverage across the central region.

The central regional team includes three newly appointed team members, Tom Whitchurch, Matt Berg, and George Taylor, who join Sam Riley, a forestry consultant based in the firm’s Oxford office.

Tom Whitchurch, a forestry manager with more than ten years’ expe-

Looking ahead

Despite these headwinds, the farmland market remains resilient by historical standards. When deals are struck, values continue to hold up well, particularly where land is well-located, high quality and sensibly priced.

“It’s a difficult market to read, but the fundamentals are still strong.

By contrast, the strongest demand continues to centre around bare blocks of high-quality arable and pasture land. Conservation-focused buyers, private investors and long-term wealth managers remain active, and are often better organised than in previous years.

a rush to act.” and

“We may not see much change until the policy environment becomes clearer, but there’s no indication of a serious collapse. Sellers are generally prepared to wait, and the buyers are still out there.”

The Knight Frank Farmland Index has tracked the value of commercial agricultural land since 1944.

“We’re definitely seeing a shift in how environmental buyers approach the market. They’re more prepared, with funding secured and criteria

says

New regional forestry team established

rience within the fsector has spent the last five years managing private estate woodlands in the west of England.

Matt Berg has joined Savills from the firm from Pryor & Rickett Silviculture, where he was forestry manager. George Taylor joins as an apprentice forestry consultant. He is studying Forestry at the University of Cumbria, having been a forestry contractor for three years with woodland management company Kilmaha.

The pictures is inconsistent on the ground,

Will Matthews

FINAL SAY Fen Tiger

What next for British farmers?

Farming has a future – let’s not waste it, says Fen Tiger

Much of my time over recent months has been spent thinking or writing about farming families and their struggle to keep their chins and bank balance above water.

With an ageing and declining farming population, we overlook the need to attract new entrants to farming at our peril. They are the life blood for the future of farming and we need to welcome them with open arms.

Industry links

It is unusual for rank outsiders to join the farming world. Nearly all new entrants to farming come from established farming backgrounds – or have at least some link or connection with the industry.

As new generations of farmers arrive, some of these potential new entrants may

“

They are our life blood

well be questioning whether the farming lifestyle is for them. It can be an extremely rewarding life – but it can also be isolating and is certainly not for everyone.

The phrase my family kept repeating during my early years was the well-worn refrain that farming is “not just a job, it is a way of life”. That may be so, but there are certainly easier ways of earning a living.

Non-farming people I speak to are amazed at the low rate of return from capital employed in farming. It’s certainly possible to earn more money stacking shelves in a local supermarket with hours to suit than working a 15-hour day during busy times.

New money

It’s similar with youngsters with banking/ accountancy and media backgrounds. Many of them can earn considerably more money than new farming entrants can ever dream of having.

I have no doubt that the TV series Clarkson’s Farm has had a huge impact in attracting youngsters into agriculture. It has also played a big part in breaking down the stereotypical view of farmers as straw-chewing yokels leaning on a farm gate.

It’s a high-tech sector – whether arable or livestock production. And technology attracts younger people. Pushing buttons on

a tractor seat or helping agronomists control diseases in cereal crops will create perhaps more farm scientists than farm workers.

In the past, the government has played a role in attracting new entrants to farming whether from a young school age or direct funding. Unfortunately, this government as we know encourages the exact opposite.

Inheritance saga

Many are lucky enough to have a farming background will no doubt be asset-rich and cash-poor. And with the inheritance tax saga rumbling on, early tax advice will vital for most of us who want to keep the farm on.

Access to land remains the big challenge for people wanting to get into farming. There are no easy answers. But one solution could be to look “outside the box” to alternative business models.

Hydroponics, for example, is gaining ground and traditional methods of farming could come under pressure. Today’s generation face a battle to make food production profitable and technology must surely help. I have no doubt my generation had the best of the farming years in the 1980s and 1990s but failed to recognise this at the time. So good luck to all the new farmers out there. Aim to thrive, not just survive – and do make farming profitable, not just popular.

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