Devon Country Gardener May 2019

The influence of Edwin Lutyens

Making the most of rhubarb

Bumper gardens to visit throughout Devon

Devon www.countrygardener.co.uk

ISSUE NO 177 MAY 2019 FREE

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Up Front!

“Queer things happen in the garden in May. Little faces forgotten appear, and plants thought to be dead suddenly wave a green hand to confound you.” - W. E. Johns

OUR HIGHLIGHTS OF THE GARDENING CALENDAR OVER THE COMING WEEKS IN DEVON

TAVISTOCK GARDEN FESTIVAL CELEBRATES GROW-YOUROWN Tavistock Garden Festival celebrates all things garden related on the theme of ‘Grow it – Eat it - Enjoy it’ over two days of the Late May Bank Holiday.

There will be a long list of exhibitors ranging from those providing shade tolerant, to hardy perennials and exotic plants through to garden supports and art.

The event takes place in and around the Pannier Market, as well as on Bedford Square on Sunday, 26th and Monday, 27th May.

Seaweed festival in aid of the North Devon Hospice There’s a celebration of the health and benefits of seaweed in Clovelly on Sunday, 26th May at a fun style Seaweed Festival. Quay kitchens will be serving a variety of dishes and stalls will be selling a range of seaweed products and arts and crafts. There’s live music, street entertainment, craft activities, workshops, talks and demonstrations. You can take along your own seaweed for advice from experts on its uses. Open from 10am to 5pm.

Clovelly, Bideford, England, EX39 5SY.

New look and style for sixth Toby Buckland Garden Festival Toby’s Garden Festival is back at Powderham Castle on Friday, 3rd and Saturday, 4th May for a sixth event to kick-start the gardening year with expert talks and demonstrations and award-winning nurseries, offering quality plants and advice. Plus, a new festival layout introduces a weatherproof indoor seating and demonstration area in the shape of an Artisan Barn Theatre and the new Country Gardener Magazine Talks Tent hosted by some of the UK’s top nursery-people.

Celebrity speakers include BBC’s ‘Gardeners’ World’ presenters Joe Swift and Frances Tophill, along with actor John Challis, and RHS judge Jim Buttress. Full garden festival preview – see page 47.

Powderham Castle, Kenton, Exeter, EX6 8JQ.

Garden delights at Devon County Show There’s always a strong gardening theme amongst everything else to see at the Devon County Show on Thursday, May 16th, Friday, May 17th and Saturday, May 18th billed as the county’s ‘Big Day Out’, and a showcase for aspects of life and work in the county as well as entertainment, shopping and good food. Car parking is free and children under five’s also free.

Early bird tickets are available at discounted prices online.

Devon County Showground, Westpoint, Clyst St, Mary, Exeter, Devon, EX5 1DJ. www.devoncountyshow.co.uk

National rhododendron show ends April in style at RHS Rosemoor

Chris Beardshaw

It is a busy end to April at RHS Rosemoor. The popular Torrington garden hosts the RHS National Rhododendron Show on Saturday, 27th and Sunday, 28th April.

Visitors will have the chance to marvel at the remarkable variety and colour of these beautiful, spring-flowering plants. The show has more than 60 classes covering all types of rhododendrons, as well as trade and advice stands plus displays of magnolias and camellias. The show opens at 11.30am on Saturday following judging and closes at 4pm. Opening times for Sunday are 10am to 4pm.

Celebrity gardener Chris Beardshaw from BBC’s ‘Gardeners’ World’ will then be at RHS Rosemoor on Wednesday, 29th May for an hour long talk followed by a meet and greet and book signing. The talk starts at 3pm, doors open at 2pm and prices are £12.50p for RHS members and £17.50p for non-members. Booking is essential.

RHS Garden Rosemoor, Great Torrington, Devon, EX8 8PH. www.countrygardener.co.uk

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Create your Beautiful Summer Garden WITH

OTTER GARDEN CENTRES

Make your garden even more welcoming with a visit to Otter Garden Centres. As an independent, family run business we’ve been growing and selling plants for 55 years and our expertise will help make your garden beautiful for you - and your visitors.

Enjoy your outside space even more this year by choosing from our wide range of stylish garden furniture and stunning garden buildings. Visit soon to get your garden off to a great start for the season ahead.

Wide range of garden buildings

Stylish garden furniture

Otter Garden Centres OTTERY ST MARY Gosford Road, Ottery St Mary EX11 1LZ PLYMOUTH Chittleburn Hill, Brixton, Plymouth PL8 2BH TORBAY Moles Lane, Paignton TQ3 1SY

www.ottergardencentres.com

Delicious home-made food in our coffee shops

...In Devon

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A LOOK AT NEWS, EVENTS AND HAPPENINGS IN DEVON

Avon Mill offers real day out gardening experience Avon Mill, nestled on the riverside, at Loddiswell in the Avon valley is an independent garden centre, cafÊ, boutique and two local art and craft galleries. The cafÊ is set in the Victorian Mill building – with a modern conservatory and alfresco seating out on the deck and terrace.

The cafe is a hub of good company, coffee, homemade cakes, breakfasts, lunches and cream teas. They are well known for ‘Devon Cream Teas’ or a ‘Chilli Cream Tea’.

You can wander round the garden centre and browse local art, craft, lifestyle goodies, flowers and clothes in the independent shops.

The surrounding Avon Valley and woodland offer fabulous walking and glorious Devon countryside for you to explore. Take a walk by the River Avon, along the old ‘Primrose Railway line’ a beautiful path which follows the old ‘South Brent to Kingsbridge’ railway line Dogs are welcome and there’s plenty of car parking.

Avon Mill, Loddiswell, Kingsbridge TQ7 4DD. Garden centre Tel: 01548 550338, Cafe Tel: 01548 550066 www.avonmill.com

Broadhempston opens its secret gardens Broadhempston is a picturesque village near Totnes which on Sunday ,2nd June is holding its own Secret Gardens Day There are many different styles of houses in the village, ranging from tiny cottages, to the rather grand and the gardens are just as varied - quirky courtyards, classically English, meadows and wildlife gardens.

The eight gardens open for this event will be of varying stages of perfection! The trail will commence from the church, which will be dressed with beautiful floral displays, as well as an archive exhibition. From the church, the trail will take visitors around eight gardens, including a stall selling home grown plants.

Tea and homemade cakes and scones will be served at the final garden, which overlooks a meadow, perennial borders and pond.

Organisers hope the wisterias will be looking their glorious best.

Entry is ÂŁ5 per person and the gardens open from 2pm to 6pm. Proceeds will go to the church to help enable use for the wider public.

Otter Garden Centres offers free EV charging

Family run business Otter Garden Centres is supporting customers who have switched to electric vehicles by providing free charging points. Customers to the three garden centres in Devon and Somerset can top up their vehicles free of charge while they shop at centres in Ottery St Mary, Plymouth and Wincanton. Each station in the onsite car parks can charge two vehicles at the same time.

Otter Garden Centres has been turning its attention to green issues, and now customers can plug in and enjoy browsing not just the plants, but garden accessories and outdoor furniture too.

OTTER GARDEN CENTRES: Gosford Lane, Ottery St Mary EX11 1LZ; Brixton, Plymouth PL8 2BH; Bruton Road, Wincanton BA9 8HA. www.ottergardencentres.com

ENJOY THE BREAK YOU DESERVE THIS SUMMER

Fremington Manor

Rest, relax, revitaliseit is what summer holidays are for. Care South, a provider of residential care homes offer respite care holidays this summer. If you provide care for a loved one it can be difficult to take a holiday, even if it’s just to stay at home and enjoy some time relaxing. Being able to do that without having to worry about the care can make all the difference.

A respite stay at any of Care South’s homes gives peace of mind you or your loved one are getting the best care in a home-from-home environment. Respite care breaks can be beneficial for older people. They offer a chance to enjoy a change of scenery, meet new people and try out new activities and experiences. Changes of scene are hugely beneficial to elderly people; new environments stimulate the senses and recharge the brain. A respite break can also be a gentle introduction to more permanent care.

Fremington Manor in Barnstaple was recently awarded an overall ‘Outstanding’ rating by the national care organisation, the Care Quality Commission. The inspectors highlighted the work by the care home staff in delivering quality care, treatment and support tailored to all residents’ needs. Fremington Manor is set in beautiful grounds with lovely views, excellent facilities and quality care.

For further information about respite breaks at Fremington Manor, please contact 01271 377990 or visit www.care-south.co.uk

www.countrygardener.co.uk

5

GARDENERS’ CUTTINGS IN DEVON

Popular garden and food festival at Colyton

CALL FOR VOLUNTEERS AT CASTLE DROGO

The East Devon village of Colyton, three miles from Seaton again hosts the Colyton Garden & Food Festival.

The popular event is organised by the Colyton Grammar School Parents’ Association on Saturday, May 11th in the grounds of Colyton Grammar School.

More than 60 stalls including garden plants, tools and furniture, food and drink, and crafts of all types will be on show.

More information on www.colytongardenfoodfestival.uk Gates open at 10am and close at 4pm. There is plenty of parking and entry is free.

Colyton Grammar School, Colyton EX24 6HN.

New gardens for Otterton Gardens Open Sunday Twelve gardens will open this year for Otterton Secret Gardens Open on Sunday, June 9th; from 11am to 6pm. Six gardens are new including a contemporary garden for modern living as well as established gardens. Cream teas and lunches are available at the Mill or the pub.

The miniature railway ride included in the ticket price of £6, children free, has now been extended round the large garden of the Old Station. There will be plant sales, including unusual salvias.

Proceeds go to Children’s Hospice South West and the local church.

Enquiries 01395 567440

Castle Drogo, above Teign Gorge on the edge of Dartmoor, is calling for volunteers at an exciting time in the castle’s history as the project to make it watertight reaches its conclusion.

More volunteers are needed to share Castle Drogo’s stories and become part of the team, whether for a couple of hours to spare or to volunteer more regularly.

It would not be possible to open Castle Drogo without the volunteers who generously give their time. There are lots of opportunities to get involved especially in the castle itself, but also in the plant centre, shop and cafe.

Information on volunteering can be found at: www.nationaltrust.org.uk/castle-drogo Castle Drogo Drive, Drewsteignton, Exeter EX6 6PB.

NT plants 7,000 trees to celebrate 70 years at Arlington Court The National Trust is inviting people to sponsor one of 7,000 trees it is planting on the estate to celebrate 70 years looking after Arlington Court in North Devon. The woodland, made up of an oak dominated mix of native trees, will help wildlife and nature thrive. Sponsors can dedicate their tree to any year between 1949 and 2019 that is special to them.

Seventy years ago Rosalie Chichester bequeathed Arlington Court and the surrounding land to the National Trust.

Her life’s work was to create a nature reserve, so to celebrate continuing this legacy, the charity is planting the woodland to support more habitats for wildlife and nature.

The saplings being planted include oak, lime, rowan, cherry, crab apple and spindle.

People are being invited to sponsor a tree for £15 which will be marked on a map showing where each new tree is planted.

To sponsor a tree visit: nationaltrust.org.uk/appeal/arlingtoncourt-woodland-appeal Arlington Court, Arlington EX31 4LP.

Chulmleigh opens its garden gates Visitors can explore more than 20 beautiful gardens in and around the historic hilltop market town of Chulmleigh when garden owners open their gates to raise funds for North Devon Hospice on Sunday, 2nd June, from 1pm until 6pm.

There will be plant stalls, teas and refreshments in the town hall. Tickets costing £6 will give access to all the open gardens.

Tickets and maps can be collected from the town hall or phone 01769 580019 for more details.

Chulmleigh is 20 miles north of Exeter, linked by the A377 and B3096 roads.

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Country Gardener

6 March 2019

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7

Peas, perfect

PEAS

The best peas are always homegrown and remain a garden favourite and delicious crop - happily, there’s plenty of time to get started Peas are one of our oldest and best-loved garden crops -and have been for hundreds of years. It is said the Romans brought them from Europe and they are now part of our culture.

Growing them is straightforward, but requires some forethought and, even if you’ve not sown any yet, there’s plenty of time to do so. Peas can be sown anytime until the end of June and picked into early autumn.

Peas need light for germination and growth, so give seedlings a sunny windowsill, greenhouse or polytunnel to develop.

Like most legumes, peas establish a long root run to drive them through productivity, so you can start them off in root trainers – long modules that open in half – or cardboard toilet roll inners.

Fill them with a good seed compost, water lightly to settle the compost down and top up. Push seeds and inch in and cover with a little more compost.

It’s always an idea to sow a few too many, as insurance against birds or slugs. Water lightly and frequently. Plant them out when the roots are just starting to poke out of the bottom and the seedlings are four to six inches tall.

Now that the soil is warming, sowing direct is possible – push seeds into prepared soil at the spacing for your varieties. Pick a warm, dry day for it as peas hate cold, wet soil.

Peas do well on most moisture-retentive, well-drained soils, although strongly acidic conditions don’t suit them. A sunny, airy spot is ideal and adding organic matter helps maximise the crop, but avoid adding manure as the rush of nutrients will give you plenty of green growth at the expense of pods.

Sowing to harvest time is around nine to ten weeks for most varieties.

Supporting peas Short varieties can grow with little or no help – a few spindly twigs will be fine – but tall varieties need more assistance.

Hazel sticks are traditional but any branches or structures that allow the tendrils to grip and climb will work well.

Tepees or triangular corridors of canes are commonplace, but there’s also the classic way of tying pairs of canes in the centre to create a row of ‘Xs’. This keeps pods out in the light and air, minimising the likelihood of disease – but, more importantly, they’ll be easy to see and pick.

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This can have a big effect on your harvest – pick them while they’re still young and succulent and the plant will send out more to replace them.

Other than good ground, peas like water. In hot, dry weather they struggle. In the ground, concentrate on watering when the peas come into flower and pod. In containers, water whenever the soil has dried out. Peas are tough plants, but the best pods have been well watered.

Pigeons love peas and will destroy them at first light, so cover with netting. Pea weevil is another bother. The weevil eats tiny semi-circles into the edges of the pea shoots in spring; discard any dried pea seeds with holes in them.

Mostly the plants adapt, but if the weather is cold and dry they will struggle.

What varieties to grow Take time when choosing varieties.

• ‘Hurst Green Shaft’ and ‘Ne Plus Ultra’ –have incredible flavour and are equally reliable.

• For those with a windy site, try ‘Kelvedon Wonder’, as it grows to only a metre or so in height.

• If you have limited space, ‘Alderman’ is ideal: it’s a fantastic heritage variety– getting up to six feet in height while taking up little space on the ground.

• The old-fashioned ‘Telephone’ grow up to 9ft and productive, sweet and non-starchy.

• ‘Rosakrone’, is a new variety with pink and white flowers.

• Choose dwarf varieties such as ‘Tom Thumb’, ‘Oskar’ (very early), or ‘Charmette’ (petit pois type) if your pots are somewhere windy.

Country Gardener

2019

16•17•18 MAY

Livestock Competitions

Crafts and flowers

Equestrian Events

Food Halls & Shopping

Join us for a Celebration of the Cream of the Devon countryside at Devon County Show 2019, Westpoint, Exeter Advance Ticket Prices: Adults £19, over 60s £17 Visit www.devoncountyshow.co.uk for further details #creamofdevon www.countrygardener.co.uk

9

HO TBEDS: TURNING UP THE HEAT

by Elizabeth McCorquodale

and were most bringing on delicate plants in cold weather Hotbeds have a great gardening tradition in and radishes. crops like melons, cucumbers, strawberries, commonly used by Victorian gardeners to force Manure-fuelled hotbeds have been around since the Egyptians - who used them to incubate eggs as well as to grow plants, and they have never really gone out of fashion. Mad Roman emperor Tiberius grew cucumbers in wheeled hotbeds.

The Moors of Southern Europe raised seedlings in small boxes filled with donkey manure and by the Dark Ages the practice had spread to the monastery gardens of England.

The heyday of hotbeds really began, though, in the 18th century with the need to cosset the precious new seeds and cuttings that came flooding in from the New World, and culminated in the Victorian era, Manure burns out in a couple of weeks but if you mix in an equal amount of when whole sections of walled straw the release of the stored energy kitchen gardens were set aside will last much longer for hotbeds tended by armies of gardeners dedicated to supplying out of season vegetables for the kitchen of the big house.

Today the go-to source for heating soil is electricity, but for anyone with a ready supply of horse manure the dry concentrated heat of electrically heated hotbeds is a poor second to good old muck.

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Country Gardener

Properly made, a manure powered hotbed will supply free, consistent warmth for two months and then provide a rich, moist bed for cucumbers, courgettes, squash or melons for the remainder of the summer.

For starting seedlings off in spring, for striking cuttings and for furnishing a warm bed for tender plants, a hotbed is the perfect, ecological solution.

The basic design of any hotbed is a shallow lidded growing frame placed on top of a fermenting pile of straw and fresh manure.

As anybody who has ever turned a compost heap knows, fermenting waste generates heat.

Manure is a storehouse of heat energy; but the trick isn’t just in the generation of heat but in maintaining a steady supply over a long period; anybody can build a hotbed; the trick is knowing how to keep it cooking.

Manure on its own will burn out in a couple of weeks but if you mix in an equal amount of straw the release of the stored energy will last for a good two months.

The heap can be built above or below ground in a sheltered spot in the garden or inside your greenhouse and it can be either free-standing or contained in a frame or box.

If you were to choose a free-standing heap it is a good idea to cover the sloping edges with

matting or upturned grass turves to help retain moisture within the heap and to keep the edges from eroding. On top of the heap sits a grow frame with a sloping, hinged lid.

The simplest lid is made from old windows but a more practical though less picturesque solution are transparent polycarbonate roofing sheets set into a light-weight frame.

It takes a little preparation to get the heap ready.

To begin with mix together an equal quantity of old straw and fresh horse manure - the fresher the better - incorporating as much air into the mix as you can. Sprinkle the mix with water and fork it into a neat pile and leave it for three days to begin fermentation. On the third day, turn the heap, again incorporating as much air as possible and if it is dry, sprinkle it with water.

To achieve an even heat it is important that the straw and manure is evenly mixed and any clumps are removed. Leave the pile to cook for another three days and on the sixth day turn the heap again and leave it for a further three days.

On the ninth day, turn and mix it again and then put the fermenting mixture into its final position in a frame or in a neat, free-standing pile. The minimum size for the finished pile should be 60cm high x 60cm wide x 90cm long. As air is a key ingredient in the fermentation process the pile must be firm but shouldn’t be overly compacted.

Once the base has been filled (or the freestanding pile has been fashioned) leave it to heat up for 3 or 4 days. At first the temperature will rise sharply but it will then fall and level out to provide a gentle consistent heat.

Don’t be tempted to plant your hotbed before this heating and cooling process is complete as the very high temperature will damage the soil and the plants if it is planted too early.

Push a stick into the heap and leave it there as a thermostat. The heap is ready to use when you can withdraw the stick and hold it comfortably in your hand. When it is ready sit your growing frame on top of your pile and add 15cm of soil on top of the manure mix. If steam is still rising leave the lid of the growframe open to allow the steam to escape. Wait until all steam has dissipated before planting.

Put your plants to bed each night by closing the lid and laying an old curtain or sacking across the glazing to stop all the precious heat from escaping each night. During the day, regulate the temperature in the frame by opening and closing the lid, just as you would a coldframe.

Hotbeds are terrific for striking cuttings as the bottom heat is exactly what they need to quickly grow roots and be ready for planting out in a seedbed in late spring to grow on over the summer. Gooseberry, raspberry and other fruit and herb cuttings will appreciate the addition of sharp sand mixed into the soil layer to increase drainage.

Many flower and vegetable seeds fancy a bit of warmth to get them going. Cucurbits will appreciate a warm bed, as will tomatoes, peppers and impatiens. Beware though as some cold weather plants such as lettuce, carrots, delphiniums and geraniums will demonstrate very poor germination if planted in soil which is too warm.

Summer built outdoor hotbeds can be used to extend the growing season for any quick growing plants that are day-neutral. Baby beets, pak choi, fennel, kohlrabi, dumpy carrots, rocket, turnips, lamb’s lettuce and land cress can all be started in late August, September or even October and will keep on cropping in the heat and protection of a hotbed.

Within the extra protection of a polytunnel or large greenhouse, bumper crops of sweet potatoes and melons can be grown in pit hotbeds.

Summer outdoor hotbeds really extend the season

Your hotbed can also be used to grow plants in pots. Rather than planting directly into the soil, it is possible to sink planted pots into the manure mix right up to their rims giving you the advantage of being able to lift plants without disturbing their roots. The exotic, highly esteemed pineapple was grown in this way in Victorian hothouses so that they could be lifted and the manure mix could be revitalised several times over their long growing season.

The result of the simple chemistry of straw and manure, mixed and piled into a heap, is a magical addition to the armoury of the adventurous gardener. It offers some small control over the weather at seed planting time and extends the range of vegetables, fruit and even flowers that we are able to grow.

It is easy to see why hotbeds have stood the test of time. www.countrygardener.co.uk

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READER’S STORY

We don’t have a clue

HOW TO PRUNE! John Armitage has learnt to garden as he has gone along. His strongly held view is now that we have a dangerous and destructive addiction to secateurs.

I have a full and busy two-acre garden with trees, shrubs, perennials and hedges.

I now believe as I look at my garden and those of my friends and neighbours that we prune, cut back, call it what you will, far too much and we are a danger to our gardens with shears and secateurs.

Of all gardening skills, pruning seems to be the most badly handled. Millions of gardeners, even experienced ones haven’t a clue how to prune.

It’s certainly true of some of my friends and one in particular who the minute he has a tree saw, pair of secateurs or shears in his hands attacks everything in sight with nothing more than a belief that cutting everything back will keep the garden under control irrespective of what the individual plants needs might be.

So what happens in his garden?

Shrubs are cut back to ugly bobbles which end up with ugly stems and no growth, roses are perfectly cut for vertical growth but fail to produce flowering laterals. His apple and pear trees have been allowed to grow out of shape and are now grotesque specimens producing hardly any fruit.

But at least he keeps telling me: ”I’ve got the garden under control”.

Take the famous Chelsea chop as another example. My gardening friends can’t wait to get their hands on the shears as soon as the first burst of spring colour comes to an end and I imagine them run hysterically into the garden shouting, ”It’s Chelsea chop time!”

And so phloxes, echinaceas and tall sedums get axed in their prime and a tranche of colour disappears from the garden at a time we want it most.

Yes, I understand the colour, energy and excesses return stronger in the summer but I am sorry about the sacrificeespecially at this wonderful time of the year.

I have never been happy about the process and perhaps this is because I know too many gardeners who go to excess and again overdo it.

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As for trees, almost everyone underestimates how big they will grow. It only compounds a bad decision to keep hacking the tree down and pruning to reduce its size.

If I have learned anything in May time in the garden it is to be sensible.

Why should hedges be wider at the bottom than at the top as we are instructed in gardening columns when they do just as well with vertical sides? Well mine appear to anyway.

And why should I follow the rules and prune yew in August.

I’m sorry but I don’t have the time. I’ll do it in winter when there isn’t a million and one more important things to do.

And why should I cut back my wisteria twice a year. In all my years I’ve pruned once in August and sod the January cutback. My wisteria is lovely, thank you.

So my rant is based on experience and is a plea for us to be flexible to what each gardener wants, rather than like some of my friends, to follow the rule book and end up with the unnatural, the unshaped, the dying and the ugly.

Hack like mad isn’t my approach.

I see my secateurs as tools for carefully enhancing beauty but never as a tool to snip away in an attempt to make everything look tidy.

I hope my friend reads this.

I am sure he will.

It isn’t the way nature works.

Country Gardener

Great prices for gardening clubs call now

Chris Beardshaw 29 May at 3pm Come and meet Chris, enjoy a talk and get your books signed Great Torrington, Devon, EX38 8PH, 01805 626810 Tickets from £12.50 book online at rhs.org.uk/rosemoor Thank you for supporting our charitable work RHS Reg Charity No. 222879 / SC038262

Avon Mill Café • Garden Centre • B&B Florist • Local Art & Crafts • Boutique

Loddiswell  Kingsbridge  Devon  TQ7 4DD

www.avonmill.com

Tel 01548 550338 www.countrygardener.co.uk

13

SHOOTING for the stars

by Gill Heavens

In the latest part of her series on how different plant parts work in the garden Gill Heavens delves into the miracle of how plants shoot and how stems determine the destiny of shrubs, plants and trees After our seed has thrown its searching and stabilising root into the ground, the plumule emerge and this is destined to become the shoot system.

It’s the next part of the growing miracle happening everywhere in your garden.

As it pushes up through the soil it remains bent, known as the plumule hook, which protects the delicate growing tip until it bursts through the soil.

Unlike the root which is drawn downwards, the shoot is governed by phototropism, meaning it grows towards the light. It is this shoot that becomes the stem and later the branches of a plant.

At the tip of the stem is the apical bud and it is here that all the action takes place. Rapid cell division at this point allows the plant to elongate. As the main stem matures it divides into sections, called internodes, and at each intersection auxiliary buds form. These buds can produce branching stems, leaves or flowers.

Just like ourselves plants are governed by hormones, although as far as I am aware none of them cause aggression or grumpiness! The hormone auxin is very important in the growth habit of a plant. If the dominant apical bud is removed, known in horticulture as pinching out or stopping, the side shoots are allowed to mature.

This creates a bushier plant with more flowering or fruiting stems. This adaption evolved as a back-up plan for when the lead bud is destroyed by grazers.

Conversely, if all the side shoots are removed, often done when growing flowers for competition, one especially large bloom is produced.

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Running up and down the stems are tubular vascular bundles which serve as a nutrient transport system. There are two different tube types. Xylem carries water from the roots, hydrating the whole plant. Phloem distributes food in the form of sugars in solution, gathered from the leaves. The xylem however serves another purpose, it allows plants to grow taller.

Soft herbaceous plants are limited in upward growth, eventually collapsing under their own weight. Woody plants have solved this problem by each year growing a new ring of xylem.

Over time the previous year’s xylem dies off and is treated with various preserving chemicals produced by the tree, such as lignin, which then becomes sturdy heartwood. This process strengthens the trunk of the tree, allowing them to reach to the skies. An extreme example is the Coast Redwood, Sequoia sempervirens, which can reach a jaw dropping 115m in height. These rings of xylem make up the tell-tale rings found in timber, famously used to date trees.

This method of dating trees is known as dendrochronology.

Careful examination can reveal not only how old a tree is, but also its history. Thicker rings indicate better growing conditions, thinner rings more stress such as drought or disease.

Monocots, such as palms and bamboo gain strength in a different manner, using many vascular bundles to add rigidity.

It is the heartwood of the tree that has for millennia provided us with the means to improve our lives. Wood has provided us with shelter and transport, fuel and furniture,

Country Gardener

tools and toys. It has given us material to sculpt and create paper on which to paint and to write. Our lives have been substantially improved by our utilisation of this resource.

Unfortunately we have often taken this for granted and over exploited our forests and woodlands.

In trees the sapwood is contained and protected by bark which is created by the cork cambium. This name makes sense when you consider Quercus suber, the long-lived cork oak, whose bark is used to seal the countless bottles of wine that are produced each year. The oak’s very thick spongy bark, adapted to protect the tree from fire, is carefully harvested and allowed to regrow, a process that can take 10 years.

There are many other uses for the bark of trees. It has historically provided us with medicines, such as the willow which was used by the First Nation American peoples for pain relief, the forerunner of aspirin. Bark has been used to cover canoes, to write and draw on, and provides us with fragrant spices such as cinnamon and cassia.

What we know as the sap of a tree is in fact the liquid which flows through the xylem and phloem. Over the centuries humanity has harvested these rich liquids, the most delicious of which must be maple syrup. Sap also provides us with the fragrant and festive frankincense and myrrh as well the not quite so exotic, but extremely useful, rubber. One of the best wines I ever tasted was on the Isle of Skye, made from the sap of the birch tree. The most beautiful example must be the honeyed nuggets of amber, fossilised sap from ancient forests, often with insects ensnared within.

The stems of plants also provide us with textiles.

These have been used over the centuries to clothe us, to create soft furnishings and make sails for our wooden boats. Linen is made by processing the stems of flax, the sky blue Lignum usitatissimum. This is an ancient process adopted by the Egyptians 5,000 years ago, although there is evidence it was used much earlier than this in Syria. There has been a recent surge in the availability of bamboo and hemp clothing, both of which I can recommend.

A silk like product is made from soy pulp, a by-product in the production of tofu, although I have yet to sample any.

In the ornamental garden, most especially in the winter months, colourful stems brighten the darkest of days. The whitest of white

birches Betula utilis var. jacquemontii, shines in the gloom, along with the russet polished trunk of the Tibetan Cherry, Prunus serrula.

Dogwoods and willows in black, yellow, green, red and orange provide a kaleidoscope of colour in the low winter sunshine. Textures add more interest, the sunburnt peeling of the myrtle, the delightfully spongy Dawn Redwood, Metasequoia glyptostroboides, always warrants a cuddle unlike the spikey Citrus trifoliata which is best admired from afar.

Clockwise from top left: Citrus trifoliata spikey and best not touched; The emergence of a plumule; Linum usitatissimum or flax; Quercus suber the ‘cork oak’

We also eat the stems of plants, such as the decadent asparagus, more homely but to my mind as delicious leek and the swollen sputnik of the vegetable kingdom the kohlrabi. We must not forget the luscious pink stalks of rhubarb in early summer and perhaps more surprising in this category, potatoes, which are in fact stem tubers.

The stems and branches of plants provide a habitat for a range of creatures, from the smallest sap sucking red spider mite on your greenhouse peach, to the ethereal barn owl in the hollowed out bole of a mature horse chestnut.

An oak tree is said to support 350 different species of insects alone. This fact is even more reason to protect our native flora. No plant or animal is an island!

And from the stems and branches unfurl the leaves... www.countrygardener.co.uk

15

Lewis Garden, Spreyton

GARDEN Visits THE BEST GARDENS TO VISIT NEAR YOU compiled by Heather Rose

We’re introducing a key to facilities on offer at the gardens: Gardens are bursting with colour and garden owners are opening their gates for charity, so here is a selection in the areas we cover to tempt you to enjoy the tranquillity of a beautiful private garden that’s usually not open to the public. We recommend checking before starting out on a journey as circumstances can force cancellations. The National Gardens Scheme website is www.ngs.com

MOTHECOMBE HOUSE

Refreshments available Plants usually for sale Wheelchair access to much of garden Partial wheelchair access

Unsuitable for wheelchairs Dogs on short leads Visitors welcome by arrangement Coaches welcome consult owners

LEWIS COTTAGE

Mothecombe, Holbeton, Plymouth, Devon, PL8 1LA Around a Queen Anne house (not open) set in a private estate hamlet there’s walled pleasure gardens, borders and Lutyens courtyard, orchard with spring bulbs, unusual shrubs and trees, camellia walk, streams, bog garden and pond, and a new walled garden with lavenders and bee friendly plants.

Visit the bluebell woods leading to a private beach. Open for the NGS on Sunday 5th May, 2pm-5pm. Admission £5, children free. For more details email amildmaywhite@gmail.com, www.flete.co.uk

Spreyton, nr Crediton, Devon, EX17 5AA The four-acre garden is a wonderful combination of relaxed planting schemes and formal borders, with woodland areas, spring camassia cricket pitch, rose garden, a large natural dew pond, bog garden, hornbeam rondel planted with late flowering narcissi, hot and cool herbaceous borders; a fruit and vegetable garden, picking garden and plant nursery. Open for the NGS on Saturday 25th to Spring Bank Holiday 27th May, 11am-5pm.

Admission £4.50, children free. For more details contact Mr & Mrs M Pell on 07773 785939 or email rworton@mac.com, www.lewiscottageplants.co.uk

BRENDON GARDENS Brendon, Lynton, Devon, EX35 6PU In a stunning part of Exmoor National Park, a varied group of four gardens open for the NGS on Saturday 25th and Sunday 26th May, 12pm-5pm, including an ancient longhouse in two acres with mature gardens, lake and wild area, another high up on the moor overlooking its own idyllic valley, a cottage garden and the garden of an 18th century village house, with £5 admission, children free. For more details call 01598 741343 or email Lalindevon@yahoo.co.uk

16

Country Gardener

GARDENS F URTHER AF IELD WORTH A TRIP

SOUTH BOSENT Liskeard, Cornwall, PL14 4LX

THE JAPANESE GARDEN St Mawgan, Cornwall, TR8 4ET

More than nine acres of meadow and garden, a natural wildlife haven with several themed areas, kitchen, gravel and woodland gardens, large borders, masses of bulbs, a lake and four ponds plus a waterfall and rill on the terrace, meadow and bluebell wood trail alongside a stream. Open for the NGS on May Bank Holiday 6th May, 11am-5pm. Admission £5, children free.

Discover an oasis of tranquillity in a Japanese-style Cornish garden, set in approximately one acre, with spectacular Japanese maples and azaleas, a symbolic teahouse, koi pond, bamboo grove; stroll the woodland, zen and moss gardens. Young children need careful supervision around water features.

Refreshments are available at nearby tearooms.

Open for the NGS on Sunday 12th & Monday 13th May, 10am-6pm. Admission £5, children £2.50. For more details contact Natalie Hore & Stuart Ellison on 01637 860116 or email info@japanesegarden.co.uk www.japanesegarden.co.uk

WESTLEIGH FARM Westleigh, Lydeard St Lawrence, Taunton TA4 3RE Nestled between the Quantocks and Exmoor, Westleigh is a small familyrun farm; the Grade II Georgian farmhouse (not open) forms the backdrop to a pretty two acre garden, with grass terraces and borders bursting with flowering shrubs and perennials. A rill, ponds and a stream attract wildlife to an area that stretches beyond the garden walls to ancient flowering meadows and unspoilt woodland. Opening for St Margaret’s Hospice on Sunday 26th May, 11-5pm. Admission £3. For more details contact Kate and James Murdoch on 01984 667673 or email kate@westleighfarm.co.uk

PINSLA GARDEN & NURSERY Cardinham, Cornwall, PL30 4AY A romantic one and a half acre artist’s garden set in tranquil woodland, with a cottage garden planting around an 18th century fairytale cottage; imaginative design, intense colour and scent, bees and butterflies; unusual shade plants, acers and ferns. Open for the NGS on Saturday 18th & Sunday 19th May, 9am-5pm. Admission £3.50, children free. For more details contact Mark & Claire Woodbine on 01208 821339 or email cwoodbine@btinternet.com, www.pinslagarden.net www.countrygardener.co.uk

17

GARDENS F URTHER AF IELD WORTH A TRIP

HILLCREST

LANE END HOUSE

Curload, Stoke St Gregory, Taunton, Curload, Stoke St. Gregory, Somerset, TA3 6JA Taunton, Somerset, TA3 6JA A mature Somerset Levels garden set on heavy clay with mixed borders, orchard, vegetable patch, greenhouses and free-range chickens. Recently a half acre field has been added into the garden, with mature trees and shrubs, newly planted specimen trees, a pond and wildflower areas.

Sculptures enhance the one acre plot. Open for the NGS on Saturday 4th & Sunday 5th May, 1pm-5pm. Combined admission to both gardens £6, children free.

This five-acre garden has stunning views of the Somerset Levels, Burrow Mump and Glastonbury Tor, woodland walks, varied borders, flowering meadow and several ponds; also kitchen garden, greenhouses, orchards and a unique standing stone as a focal point. Open for the NGS on Saturday 4th & Sunday 5th May, 1pm-5pm. For more details contact Charles & Charlotte Sundquist on 01823 490852 or email chazfix@gmail.com Admission also includes entry to this garden in the area:

2 PYES PLOT St. James Road, Netherbury, Bridport, Dorset, DT6 5LP A small but perfectly formed front and back courtyard garden, with contrasting walls and paintwork making a striking framework for softer planting, climbing plants, foliage and running water feature enhance the tranquil feel to this space.

Home-made teas at Slape Manor. Open for the NGS on Sunday 19th May, 2pm-5pm. Admission £3, children free. For more details contact Annette & Richard Lockwood on 01258 841405 or email richardglockwood@yahoo.co.uk

STADDLESTONES 14 Witchampton Mill, Witchampton, Wimborne, Dorset, BH21 5DE A beautiful setting for a cottage garden with colour themed borders, pleached limes and hidden gems; a chalk stream leads to a shady area with unusual plants including hardy orchids and arisaemas. Plenty of areas just to sit and enjoy the wildlife. Open for the NGS on Sunday 26th & Spring Bank Holiday 27th May, 2pm-5pm. Admission £4.50, children free. For more details contact Annette & Richard Lockwood on 01258 841405 or email richardglockwood@yahoo.co.uk 18

Country Gardener

HOW PARK BARN Kings Somborne, Stockbridge, Hampshire, SO20 6QG A two-acre country garden in an elevated position with uninterrupted panoramic views over the Test Valley, set within 12 acres of chalk grassland, with large borders of naturalistic planting and shrubs, sweeping lawns; a tranquil setting by a 17th century listed barn (not open). Open for the NGS on Thursday 16th & Sunday 19th May, 2pm-5pm. Admission £5, children free.

SCULPTURE BY THE LAKES Pallington Lakes, Pallington, Dorchester, Dorset, DT2 8QU A recently created modern garden with inspiration taken from all over the world, a modern arcadia following the traditions of the landscape movement for the 21st century. Where sculpture has been placed, the planting palette is simple, but dramatic, so that the work remains the star. Vegetable garden supplying the onsite Gallery Café. Open for the NGS on Wednesday 15th May, 10am-5pm. Admission £7.50. For more details contact Mrs Monique Gudgeon on 07720 637808 or email sbtl@me.com www.sculpturebythelakes.co.uk

CROOKLEY POOL Blendworth Lane, Horndean, Hampshire, PO8 0AB A three-acre, partly walled, garden in the same family for three generations; a wisteria that’s about a century old covers the walls and terraces, interesting and unusual perennials, shrubs and trees, including salvias, and tender exotics from the greenhouse. Bantams stroll throughout.

Open for the NGS on Sunday 19th May, 2pm-5pm.

Admission £4, children free. For more details contact Mr & Mrs Simon Privett on 02392 592662 or email jennyprivett@icloud.com

BISTERNE MANOR Bisterne, Ringwood, Hampshire, BH24 3BN Glorious rhododendrons and azaleas form a backdrop for the 19th century garden, first opened in the 1930s. The 16th century manor house (not open) overlooks a grand parterre with urns, box and yew hedges, rare tree specimens grace fine lawns and wild flower planting, leading to a boundary woodland walk with glimpses of surrounding pastures; small kitchen garden. Open for the NGS on Thursday 23rd & Thursday 30th May, 2pm5pm. Admission £5, children free. www.countrygardener.co.uk

19

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Country Gardener

May gardening

ADVICE

ADV ICE

Spring brings with it more and more queries from Country Gardener readers on a whole variety of gardening problems

I love my colourful fuchsia plants and would like to take cuttings and give to friends. How do I go about it?

Fuchsias are easy to take cuttings from

Propagating fuchsias from cuttings is very easy, as they root rather quickly. Cuttings can be taken anytime from spring through to autumn, with spring the ideal time.

Cut or pinch out a young growing tip, about two to four in length, just above the second or third pair of leaves. Remove any bottom leaves and you can apply rooting hormone. You then insert three or four cuttings in a small pot or numerous cuttings in a planting tray.

It may help to make a hole in the growing medium with your finger or a pencil beforehand for easier insertion of the cuttings. Place the cuttings in a warm location, such as a windowsill or greenhouse. Within three to four weeks the cuttings should begin establishing good roots.

When they have started growing well, the rooted cuttings can be removed and repotted as needed. In addition to placing cuttings in soil or other you can also root them in a glass of water.

Once the cuttings produce some well-established roots, they can be repotted in soil.

You can continue growing fuchsia plants using the same conditions and care as the original plant.

Last autumn so much of my apples and pears were split which cut the amount of fruit I could harvest by about a third. What am I doing wrong?

Fruit splitting can really damage a fruit harvest and while the splits are often not very deep, they cause wounds that allow diseases and pests to attack otherwise healthy (and tasty) fruit.

Fruit split is a condition caused by an irregular supply of water. The splits usually occur when rain follows a protracted dry spell and the sudden availability of moisture causes the fruit to swell too quickly.

The remedy is easier said than done as it is simply to ensure your fruit trees have a steady supply of water. Given varying weather conditions this is not as straightforward as might appear and of course, hosepipe bans can spoil the best-laid plans.

The real solution begins when you plant fruit trees, when it is important to incorporate plenty of well-rotted organic matter in the planting mix. Good compost helps the soil retain moisture and so increases its ability to release water to plant roots in dry spells. Thereafter, you can continue to

Split fruit - the solution is steady and regular watering

improve those moisture retaining properties by mulching.

Ideally you should use more well rotted manure or garden compost, but failing that fresh grass clippings laid two inches (5cms) deep will help retain moisture and will eventually rot down and improve the soil. Apply this mulch in the spring, when the soil is wet.

www.countrygardener.co.uk

21

Dealing wit h my tree stumps Epsom salts - a more natural way of

removing stumps

Over the years I have had to cut down half a dozen trees in my garden and I am now left with a collection of fairly unsightly tree stumps. What is the best and cheapest way to get rid of them?

When trees are felled or fall, their stumps should be removed to prevent suckering and fungal root rots especially honey fungus which can attack nearby trees. Although often large and heavy, stumps can be removed with the right equipment and techniques, or removed by weedkiller or preferably some natural options.

Machines known as stump grinders will mechanically grind out the main root plate, leaving fine sawdust. Although stump grinders can be hired, they are potentially hazardous and are only for gardeners confident that they can use machinery safely and the better option is to get in a tree surgeon. Some roots using this option will inevitably be left in the ground but the majority should eventually rot down.

Epsom salts do magic in the garden. It contains magnesium and sulphur that helps the plants in growing but if used in higher quantities it can be a killer.

Drill a few holes on sides and top of the trunk, holes should be about 10 inches deep. Fill these holes with 100 per-cent Epsom salts mixed with water, cover the trunk and leave it. It will die in two to three months. Digging is another option you can consider, although it is difficult if stump you are about to remove has deep roots.

If all else fails why not use the tree stump as an asset and grow plants on it and around it so it becomes become a focal point of your garden.

CAN YOU HELP WITH MY UNDERSTANDING OF PEONY GROUPS? I’VE BECOME FASCINATED WITH PEONIES RECENTLY AND I’D LIKE TO GET MORE OF THEM IN MY GARDEN BUT THERE SEEMS TO BE A WIDE VARIETY OF SPECIES AND I AM NOT SURE WHICH WOULD BE BEST FOR MY GARDEN? Peonies are a beautiful and colourful group of plants from Asia, southern Europe and North America. You are right it can be confusing to distinguish between the groups and many boundaries between them are unclear but generally there are three groups.

Herbaceous peonies

Tree peonies - showy and stylish

Most peonies are herbaceous perennials growing from a crown at soil level each year. Many named cultivars are selected from China’s Paeonia lactiflora and usually white or pink flowered. The colour range has been extended into red varieties by crossing P.lactiflora with other specials.

This group is very popular and most likely the ones you will come across in your garden centre.

Tree peonies There are some eight shrubby species of peonies, not true trees but sparsely branched shrubs. Some have fairly discreet yellow or red flowers and can be raised from seed 22

which may take several years to germinate. There are many other cultivars in a range of colours and very showy plants and a lovely option in the garden.

Intersectional or Itoh hybrids Hybrids between herbaceous and tree peonies are also called Itoh peonies based on Toichi Itoh, the Japanese nurseryman who first made the difficult crosses in the 1940’s. Their flowers are like the tree peonies but plants die back in the autumn like herbaceous peonies. They have many more options in terms of flower colour but can be pricey.

Country Gardener

SUMMER AND THE BATTLE AGAINST SLUGS My hostas and dahlias are just showing signs of coming to life but I fear for them as last summer the damage to them from slugs was awful and very dispiriting and the summer is already looking like a battle with the slugs for me. I don’t want to use chemicals by the way.

The first thing to say is that slugs are so abundant in gardens that some damage has to be tolerated. They cannot be eradicated so targeting control measures to protect particularly vulnerable plants, such as seedlings and soft young shoots on herbaceous plants will give the best results.

Slugs - natural options are becoming more popular

A biological control (‘Nemaslug’) specific to molluscs, with no adverse effect on other types of animal, is available in the form of a microscopic nematode or eelworm that is watered into the soil. The nematodes (Phasmarhabditis hermaphrodita) enter slugs’ bodies and infect them with bacteria that cause a fatal disease.

There are a few natural options.

Torchlight searches on mild evenings, especially when the weather is damp; handpicking slugs into a container. They can then be taken to a field, hedgerow or patch of waste ground well away from gardens.

Traps, such as scooped out half orange, grapefruit or melon skins, can be laid cut side down, or jars part-filled with beer and sunk into the soil near vulnerable plants..

Barriers, thought to repel slugs, include rough or sharp textured mulches and substances thought to be distasteful or strong smelling. A recent RHS study however, found no reduction in slug damage from barriers made of copper tape, bark mulch, eggshells, sharp grit or wool pellets.

You can harvest some crops in about 25 to 30 days

I have a new greenhouse in the garden of the house we bought in the winter. What are the fastest growing vegetables I can grow to make the most of this growing season?

The list of fastest growing vegetables is quite a long one and it is reasonable to expect that are some things which you should be able to harvest in about four weeks.

Radishes are the top of the fast growing table and super simple to grow. Sow seeds in good quality soil and you will have seedings after about three days and the first harvest between 25 and 30 days.

Baby carrots taste delicious, are a great snack, are great to cook with, and don’t take as long as fullsized carrots because they don’t have to grow to be as large.

So if you enjoy carrots and want them quickly, then pick the baby carrot variety. Then you’ll just plant them in the ground, or in a container and the growth will be rapid.

Either way, be sure to directly sow the seeds in quality soil and you should be able to pick small rooted carrots after 30 days.

Spinach is another fast growing vegetable which although it needs plenty of care and watering will produce green leaves ready for salads in about four weeks. Lettuce grows quickly and don’t forget that in a greenhouse you can produce cucumbers between six and eight weeks.

www.countrygardener.co.uk

23

Out and about Longer and hopefully warmer days, two Bank Holidays and the month when many gardens are at their very best - May is the month to enjoy days out Most gardeners would probably choose May as their favourite month of the year.

It’s the month when everything puts on a real growth spurt and gardens are in full swing and traditionally looking their most colourful and dramatic.

The new season brings a freshness with it and it is busiest time of year when there’s a wonderful selection of choice of venues to visit ranging from National Trust properties, private gardens, stately homes, NGS special garden openings events, plant fairs, shows, places to stay and holidays in the UK and abroad.

It’s a great time to enjoy a passion in gardens and gardening.

We’ve just a few suggestions which we know you’ll enjoy.

Bishop’s Palace, Wells never more beautiful The stunning 14 acres at Bishop’s Palace Gardens in Wells reaches one of its peaks of colour over the next few weeks. The Somerset RHS partner garden still has its sensational display of tulips and there’s also the beautiful well pools from which the city takes its name. The gardens are stunning and tranquil in May with many herbaceous borders, roses in the parterre, with views from the ramparts and the contemporary Garden of Reflection, arboretum and quiet garden.

The next big date in the palace’s calendar is June 14th when the annual three-day country garden festival begins – the fifth time the event has been staged in the grounds.

The daily tours of the gardens now run throughout the season at 11am and 2pm there’s a daily palace and chapel tour and at 12 noon and 3pm a guided tour of the gardens.

Entry is free every Friday to RHS members with starred cards.

The daily tours are included in the admission. Adults £8.05p seniors £7.15 Bishops Palace, Off Market Place, Wells BA5 2PD 24

in May

CASTLE HILL GARDENS SHOW DEVON AT ITS VERY BEST

It is the best time of the year to see the gardens at Castle Hill, three miles north west of South Molton in North Devon which will be stunning throughout May particularly. The longest camellia hedge in Devon (var. Adolphe Audusson) over 100 yards in length will be full bloom and looking astonishing. Throughout the gardens the camellias, magnolias and azaleas are in flower. The rhododendrons will be showing their colour and blossom is out on a variety of trees. The views from everywhere in the gardens are amongst the best in the county and worth a day out. The tea room is now open for the summer.

Castle Hill, Filleigh, Barnstaple EX32 0RQ

40 gardens open in a stunning Cotswold setting Over 40 open gardens, open over two days in June and started 30 years ago makes Chalford and France Lynch Garden Trail one of the biggest and oldest events of its type in the country.

Gardens and cottages at Chalford, near Stroud in Gloucestershire tumble down the hillside into the county’s ‘Golden Valley’. There are hill-top gardens, tiered and terraced hillside gardens and sheltered gardens in the valley which offer a wide range of gardening situations.

Old cottages, roses round the door, beside elegant country houses. Gardens are small and large, mature, developing and newly-created.

There are home-baked teas, an award winning café, plant stalls, school summer fair and an art gallery.

Chalford and France Lynch Open Gardens Trail Chalford, near Stroud, Gloucestershire GL6 8NW Saturday 1st and Sunday 2nd June 2019, 12noon to 6pm

Late spring delights at Lukesland Gardens Lukesland Gardens, in a hidden valley just north of Ivybridge in Devon, offers delights in late spring. Brilliant banks of deciduous azaleas and wisterias fill the air with exotic perfumes. Petal fall from rhododenrons makes a carpet of colour on winding paths.

Wild blue bells and campions abound by the Dartmoor stream and the ‘hankies’ on the popular ‘Davidia’ trees are a picture. For children there is a letterbox trail (with prizes!). Dogs welcome on a lead. New for this year is an attractive kitchen and servery extension and a self-guided walk of some of Lukesland’s most special trees. Open Sundays, Wednesdays and Bank Holidays from 11am to 5pm till 16th June.

For details go to www.lukesland.co.uk or call 01752 691749 Lukesland House, Ivybridge PL21 0JF

Country Gardener

Chalford and France Lynch

Barnsley Village

Open Gardens Trail Stunning Cotswold hillside setting 40 gardens, large and small, old and new

Garden Festival Saturday 18th May 2019 from 10.30am

SATURDAY 1ST & SUNDAY 2ND JUNE 12.00 - 6.00 Home baked teas & plant stall GL6 8FS www.chalford-glos.gov.uk FB.me/chalfordfrancelynchgardentrail

Castle Hill Gardens

FILLEIGH, NR SOUTH MOLTON, DEVON EX32 0RG Tel: 01598 760336 www.castlehilldevon.co.uk Explore 50 acres of stunning landscape on pathways leading to follies, statues and temples.

River walk and panoramic views from the Castle.

Dogs on leads welcome.

Tearoom offering light lunches and delicious homemade cakes.

Open daily except Saturdays Adults £7.50, Seniors £7, Child (5-15) £3.50, Family £17.50, Groups (20+) £6.50

£7

r (free fo ) ’s 4 1 u

Open Gardens include: BARNSLEY HOUSE, BARNSLEY PARK & HERBS FOR HEALING GARDEN

With music, morris dancing, barbecue, craft & local produce stalls, & our lovely village hall teas!

www.barnsleyvillage.co.uk

n ay y pe id a O y Fr d M er 3r ev om fr

May Fairs 19th May

Winterbourne House & Garden, Birmingham B15 2RT

26th May

HOUSE, GARDENS & TEAROOM Open every Friday 2pm - 5.30pm until 27th September Also late May & August Bank Holiday weekend - Saturday, Sunday & Monday

Kingston Bagpuize House, Oxfordshire OX13 5AX

HOUSE & GARDENS: adult £8, child £3 (last guided tour 4pm) GARDENS: adult £4, child £1, season ticket £12pp Member of Historic Houses

CADHAY, OTTERY ST. MARY, DEVON, EX11 1QT 01404 813511 www.cadhay.org.uk

www.rareplantfair.co.uk Please visit our website for full details of admission fees and times of opening.

Whatley Manor Garden Tours

The perfect way to explore our beautiful gardens, a tour led by Head Gardener, Andy Spreadbury.

Andy will guide you round the 12 acres of our English country gardens which have 26 individual areas including our beautiful Rose garden. As you walk through the gardens Andy will talk you through the inspirations and secrets behind these picture perfect displays.

LUNCH EVENT DATES:

AFTERNOON TEA DATES:

Tuesdays 18th & 25th June, 9th, 23rd & 30th July

Tuesdays 11th June, 2nd & 16th July

Arrive 10am, tour at 10.30am and lunch at 12.30pm £49.50 includes tea, coffee and biscuits on arrival, the garden tour and a two-course lunch with a glass of house wine followed by coffee.

Arrive at 12 noon, tour at 12.30pm and afternoon tea at 2.30pm £49.50 includes tea, coffee and biscuits on arrival, the garden tour and afternoon tea.

Contact us to book – call on 01666 822 888 or email events@whatleymanor.com Whatley Manor Hotel and Spa Easton Grey Malmesbury Wiltshire SN16 0RB Web whatleymanor.com @Whatley_Manor

www.countrygardener.co.uk

25

GREAT P LACES T O V IST: MAY

May Rare Plant Fairs in Abingdon and Birmingham

History never far away at NT Overbeck’s

One of the joys of visiting Rare Plant Fairs, now in their 25th season, is that every event is set in a unique garden, with garden entry included in the admission price.

The two May fairs are no exception. On Sunday, May 19th a fair returns to Winterbourne House and Garden in Birmingham.

The botanical garden is Grade II listed and contains collections of plants from China, North and South America. The fair opens from 10:30am until 4pm.

The largest fair of the season, with over 30 exhibitors, is at Kingston Bagpuize House, near Abingdon, Oxfordshire, on Sunday, May 26th.

A proportion of the proceeds will be donated to SeeSaw, a local charity supplying grief support for the young in Oxfordshire, and to the Abingdon branch of Riding for the Disabled. The fair is open from 11am to 4pm.

Visit www.rareplantfair.co.uk for full details, including admission charges and a list of the exhibitors.

Gardens have long been a place of sanctuary.

It’s been 100 years since the spectacular coastal gardens overlooking Salcombe at Overbeck’s, or ‘Sharpitor’ as it was then known, closed its doors as a Red Cross Convalescence Home. Over 1000 soldiers passed through the doors during the First World War, a temporary home for those well enough to be discharged from hospital but not fit enough for combat. The garden played an important role in recuperation, some enjoyed gardening, others used it to relax and find inspiration for poetry, drawing or painting. Their messages captured in the visitor’s book provide a poignant remainder of enjoying ‘a small slice of paradise’ before many headed back to the frontline. 2019 also marks the centenary for the charity Combat Stress, which provides support for veterans with mental health problems. Despite the passage of time, gardens still provide an important role for the wellbeing of many, so the National Trust and Combat Stress are working together to help present day veterans at Overbeck’s, find out more by visiting www.nationaltrust.org.uk/overbecks NT Overbecks ,Sharpitor, Froude Rd, Salcombe TQ8 8LW

NEW SEASON ATTRACTIONS AT CADHAY Cadhay gardens in Ottery St Mary are open on Friday afternoons in May. It has again been a busy winter in the Devon gardens with the construction of a new garden beyond the ponds. The gardens have had a challenge with the construction of some fabulous Lutyens style steps leading down from the bridge between the ponds. Visitors will now be drawn through the borders over the bridge and down the steps into the new garden with a view beyond into parkland.

The gardens were again put to bed very well at the end of last year which will ensure a great start to the new season in these popular gardens.

The gardens open at 2pm. For more details see www.cadhay.org.uk Cadhay, Ottery St Mary EX11 1QT

‘Garden room’ delights at Whatley Manor

Free entry to Buckfast Abbey Garden Fayre

Nestled in the heart of the Cotswolds in Malmsebury, Whatley Manor Hotel and Spa boasts 12 acres of gardens created by garden designer, Elizabeth Richardson, who used the original 1920’s plans and realised a design that recreates an English Country house garden, complete with beautifully manicured lawns.

The gardens are divided into 26 distinct areas or ‘garden rooms’, each one leading to another, providing guests with a series of quiet areas to take in the peaceful Wiltshire countryside. Each ‘garden room’ has its own theme, whether based on colour, scent or style. www.whatleymanor.com Whatley Manor Hotel & Spa Easton Grey, Malmesbury SN16 0RB 26

Buckfast Abbey’s Garden Fayre opens from 10am on Saturday, 1st June until 5pm and promises a great day out for families and garden enthusiasts. Entry is free.

Toby Buckland from BBC Radio Devon, along with other gardening and wildlife experts will be hosting talks and presentations, sharing knowledge and offering gardening tips.

The day will be packed with activity workshops for children, garden and rural craft demonstrations as well as tree climbing demonstrations. There will also be entertainment by the Dartington Morris Men and the South Devon Singers.

You will be able to walk and browse stalls including works by local artists and craftsmen, garden machinery, plant nurseries and herbal remedies.

Garden Dept phone number – 01364 645507 Buckfast Abbey Garden Fayre, Buckfast Abbey, Buckfast, TQ11 0EE.

Country Gardener

Support your local community

25th

2019

JOIN US FOR OUR ANNIVERSARY!

22nd – 23rd June 10am – 5.30pm

25th AXE VALE SHOW

A Great Weekend For All The Showground, Trafalgar Way, Axminster, EX13 5RJ Discounted online tickets available now or purchase tickets at the gate

www.axevaleshow.com Charity number: 1130829 The Axe Vale Show is a charitable fundraising event for the charity ‘Axe Vale Festival Limited’

44th LUKESLAND GARDENS Cerne Abbas Open Gardens More than 25 Private Gardens Open

24 acres of Rare Shrubs, Trees, Pools & Waterfalls Home-made soups & cakes Sundays, Wednesdays and Bank Holidays 11am – 5pm 31st March - 16th June

Harford Ivybridge PL21 0JF Tel 01752 691749

www.lukesland.co.uk

15th & 16th June, 2-6pm

Overbeck's in Salcombe

Day ticket to all gardens Adults £7.00 Ticket for 2 days £10.00 Accompanied children free

Take in the view when you visit our sub-tropical paradise. Garden, House, Shop and Tea-room Open daily until 3 November from 11am to 5pm

Teas in St Mary’s Church from 1.30pm Plant Stall Free Car Park (DT2 7GD) from 11am Equal proceeds to: Cerne Water Meadow Trust & Weldmar Hospicecare Trust

www.cerneabbasopengardens.org.uk

Call 01548 842893 for details nationaltrust.org.uk/overbecks #nationaltrust

When you visit, donate, volunteer or join the National Trust, your support helps us to look after special places for ever, for everyone.

© National Trust 2017. The National Trust is an independent registered charity, number 205846. Photography © National Trust Images\National Trust/Eric McDonald.

           



    

             

 www.countrygardener.co.uk

27

Hartland Abbey gardens change gear for May

GREAT P LACES T O V IST: MAY Three Dorset Plant Heritage fairs in a busy season This year Dorset Plant Heritage has organised three Great Plant Fairs.

Admission for each one is £7and profits go to support plant conservation, education and events in the county. The admission includes free access to the gardens offering savings on normal admission prices.

The first fair is at Athelhampton House on Sunday, 5th May, the second is at Abbotsbury Sub-tropical Gardens on Sunday, 16th June and the Autumn Fair is back at Athelhampton on Sunday, 1st September. The fairs offer a range of plants from specialist nurseries and growers across the southwest. The fairs are open from 10am to 3pm. Parking is free.

Plant Heritage Dorset holds monthly meetings at the Dorford Centre, Dorchester. www.plantheritage.org Reg Charity No 1004009

The Hartland Abbey woodland gardens become alive in May with beautiful rhododendrons and azaleas, some planted over a hundred years ago and many recently. The newly restored Glade, rescued from oblivion last year, is now a delightful place to sit in the semi shade with a lovely view of the Abbey and the scent of the deciduous azaleas filling the air. Giant echiums will be shooting to the sky amongst all the early summer treasures in the walled gardens and St Nectan’s foxgloves lead walkers to the beach at Blackpool Mill.

Hartland Abbey, Hartland, Bideford EX39 6DT www.hartlandabbey.com

LITTLE MALVERN COURT READY WITH ITS MAY COLOUR The picturesque gardens at Little Malvern Court sit below the wooded slopes of the Malvern Hills, with far reaching views across the Severn Valley to the Bredon Hills and the Cotswolds. Particular features to look out for in May include the beautiful pots of tulips, grouped according to colour, surrounding the house. The varied flowering cherries and crab apple trees will be in blossom. Wildflowers begin to appear in the grass banks and lovely blue camassias pop up in the tall grass of the meadow. In the rose garden, alliums literally burst into flower and the early roses start to open.

There are cedar trees, planted from seeds brought back from the Holy Land by Charles Michael Berington. The chain of lakes, formerly fish ponds for the monks, follow the layout from a plan dated 1720 and, like much of the present garden, were restored in the 1980’s.

Tel: 01684 892988 www.littlemalverncourt.co.uk Little Malvern Court & Gardens Little Malvern WR14 4JN

Over 120 stalls plus activities and displays

lar

tacu c e p s r u O

Buckfast Abbey

Garden

Fayre South Devon

Singers

Dartington Morris Men

Free parking

Devon Rural Skills

Saturday 1st June

Free entry

10am - 5pm

Toby Buckland Garden Talks

The Arb Academy

Gardeners’ Question Time

Heritage Vegetables

A great family day out!

For more info visit: www.buckfast.org.uk/garden-fayre

01364 645507

28

Country Gardener

Buckfast Abbey Trust Registered Charity number 232497

HILL CLOSE VICTORIAN GARDENS WARWICK

Barnsley village gets ready to celebrate 31st garden festival

The Cotswold village of Barnsley, three miles from Cirencester, is famous for its gardens by the late garden designer and author Rosemary Verey who lived at Barnsley House for 50 years. Now a popular hotel, Barnsley House will be opening their garden on Saturday, 18th May and their new head gardener Jennifer Danbury who worked for several years at Highgrove, will be giving a tour at 1.30pm. Ten other gardens in the village will be opening.

It is the 31st village garden festival. Teas will be in the Village Hall together with a barbecue, jazz band, Morris Dancers, and clowns. One new garden will be open, Field Cottage, a delightful garden on the edge of fields and woodland at Quarry Hill.

Gardens open from 10am to 5pm and admission to all gardens is £7.

ITALIAN GARDENS

Come and explore 16 unique restored Victorian gardens Open weekdays NovMarch: 11-4pm

Open every day April-Oct: 11am-5pm with tearoom Sat, Sun and Bank Hol Mon Midsummer Music in the Gardens, Sat 22nd June – 6.00-9.00pm Tickets Adult £14.50 / Child £11.50 Book in advance Heartbreak Productions Drama: Private Lives, Tues 23rd July 5.00-9:30pm Tickets Adult £14.50 / Child £11.50 Book in advance Art in the Gardens, Sat 17th August 11am – 4:30pm Summer exhibition of arts & crafts with music. Normal entrance Garden entry £4.50 Child £1.00 HCGT & RHS Free Tel. 01926 493339 www.hillclosegardens.com Access by racecourse to Bread & Meat Close, Warwick CV34 6HF. 2 hrs free parking.

SMALL GROUP TOURS WITH GUIDED VISITS OF ITALIAN GARDENS TUSCANY

• Maximum 14 people per group

Visits: Poggio Torselli, Villa Vignamaggio, Villa Geggiano, Villa Grabau, Villa Reale 2019: 19 May, 9 Jun, 8 Sep From £2,650 per person

• Local garden guides and guided garden visits included

LAKES COMO AND MAGGIORE

• British Airways flights included

Visits: Villa Babbianello, Villa Carlotta, Villa Monastero, Isola Bella, Isola Madre 2019: 14 May, 4 Jun, 25 Jun, 3 Sep From £2,630 per person

AMALFI COAST, CAPRI & ISCHIA Visits: Villa Rufolo, Villa San Michele Axel Munthe, La Mortella 2019: 9 May, 23 May, 13 Jun, 12 Sep From £2,650 per person

• Six nights in 4 or 5 star hotels, two per tour

Special offers may apply - full details on our website

PLEASE CALL US ON

01392 441275 www.expressionsholidays.co.uk THE

ART

OF

INTELLIGENT

ENVIRONS OF ROME Visits: Villa d’Este, Lante, Ninfa, Landriana, Castel Gandolfo 2019: 22 May, 12 Jun, 26 Jun, 11 Sep From £2,590 per person

T R A V E L

O R G A N I S I N G

Founded 1989

Country Gardener ad horizontal half page sept 2018.indd 1

www.countrygardener.co.uk

01/12/2018 14:40:13

29

Stanway House & Fountain

Hartland Abbey & Gardens Beautiful walks through rhododendrons and azaleas in May Visit this stunning house on the Atlantic Coast with its fascinating architecture and collections, exhibitions, beautiful walled and woodland gardens and walks to the beach. * Dogs welcome * Holiday Cottages * * Delicious light lunches & cream teas * * Hartland Quay 1 mile * House, Gardens etc and Café: open until 29th September, Sunday to Thursday 11am - 5pm (House 2pm - 5pm last adm. 4pm)

For all information and events see www.hartlandabbey.com Hartland, Nr. Bideford EX39 6DT 01237441496/234

Little Malvern Court Nr Malvern, Worcestershire WR14 4JN Open 24th April until 25th July Wednesday & Thursday afternoons

The world’s tallest gravity fed fountain

Jacobean Manor House, home of the Earl of Wemyss, together with spectacular fountain open all year by appointment for group visits.

Contact 07850 585539 for details.

01684 892988 littlemalverncourt.co.uk

PHOTO: MARCUS HARPUR

Other times by appointment

www.stanwayfountain.co.uk Stanway, Cheltenham, Gloucs, GL54 5BT

Private Walled Garden Tours Exclusive Guided Tours of Lord and Lady Lansdowne’s Private Walled Garden

Available on selected dates throughout the 2019 season From £28.50 per person

BOOK ONLINE www.bowood.org/walled-gardens OR CALL - 01249 810 961

30

7345 - Bowood House - Advertising March 2019 PWG Country Garden Magazine Ad.indd 1

Country Gardener

28/03/2019 16:22

GREAT P LACES T O V IST: MAY

Anne Swithinbank guests at Axe Vale’s 25th anniversary The popular Axe Vale Show, a family and dog friendly, charity focused, weekend-long event celebrates its 25th anniversary on Saturday, 22nd June and Sunday, 23rd June when it returns to the outskirts of Axminster.

It promises again to be a show with a plethora of things to do, see, taste and smell again. There will be entertainment in the ring and around the showground. Music, dancing, bouncing, bubble blowing and shopping galore will be available plus a range of marquees, malls and demonstrations to wander through. You can take your dog and enter the fun dog show.

Television and radio popular Devon gardener Anne Swithinbank will be taking part. In the Floral Marquee you can join in on seasonal flower arranging demonstrations with Sarah Broom or Angela Brooke-Smith.

Tickets at the gate or discounted via the website. Parking is free. The Axe Vale Show is a charitable event for ‘Axe Vale Festival Limited’. www.axevaleshow.com enquiries@axevalefestival.co.uk 01297 34517

Friars Court has Bank Holiday opening for the NGS Friars Court is an historic 17th century house set in three acres of gardens in the picturesque Oxfordshire countryside enclosed within the remaining arms of a 16th century moat. Level walks guide visitors round informal borders, ‘garden rooms’, a lily pond and 50-foot living willow tunnel. A small museum displays the history of the house and the Willmer family.

The gardens open for the National Gardens Scheme on Spring Bank Holiday Monday, then every Tuesday and Thursday in June, July and August, from 2.00pm - 6.00pm, admission £4 adults, under 14’s free. Home-made cakes and cream teas available. Private garden tours available on request.

01367 810206 www.friarscourt.com Friars Court, Clanfield, Oxfordshire OX18 2SU

25 GARDENS OPEN FOR CERNE ABBAS GARDENS WEEKEND About 25 private gardens, normally hidden from view, will be open in the famous Dorset village of Cerne Abbas on Saturday, 15th and Sunday, 16th of June to raise funds for its Water Meadow Trust and for The Weldmar Hospicecare Trust. The gardens reflect the diverse nature of this friendly and historic village guarded over by its famous Cerne Abbas giant. A day ticket for entry to all gardens is £7, accompanied children free.

The gardens open from 2pm. All the gardens are within easy walking distance of free car park (Postcode DT2 7GD). Tea and cake will be served in the church from 1:30pm and there will be a plant stall in the village square from 1pm with a crèche to leave plants for the afternoon. www.cerneopengardens.org.uk

Hill Close Gardens a unique set of Victorian detached gardens Hill Close Gardens are the only remaining set of Victorian detached gardens open to the public in England.

You can discover their unique history and take a step back in time to 1896 to a point where the gardens have been recreated to. Detached gardens have existed here since the 1830’s. There are 16 individual plots of the original 32 overlooking Warwick racecourse and some have brick built summerhouses where you can shelter and find out about the plots previous owners. There are a number of events throughout the year based on the gardens including ‘Private Lives’ by Heartbreak productions on Tuesday, 23rd July.

The ‘green’ visitor centre that turns into a tearoom on weekends and Bank Holidays throughout the summer.

Tel. 01926 493339 www.hillclosegardens.com Hill Close Gardens Bread and Meat Close, Warwick CV34 6HF

STANWAY WATER GARDENS THE FINEST IN ENGLAND The spectacular gravity fountain at Stanway House is the world’s highest, reaching 300ft. Tucked behind a magnificent gatehouse in a tiny Cotswolds village, The House is a perfect example of a Jacobean manor and has been lived in by the same family since the 16th century. There are extensive grounds to explore and fascinating history to discover. The working water mill mill produces flour from locally grown wheat.

Stanway is open in June, July and August, Tuesdays and Thursdays, 2pm to 5pm. The fountain plays twice each day. Group tours can be arranged at other times. Dogs are welcome.

For details visit the website www.stanwayfountain.co.uk Stanway House ,Cheltenham, Gloucestershire, GL54 5PQ, England www.countrygardener.co.uk

31

GREAT DORSET PLANT FAIRS 2019

Cotswold Garden Flowers Easy and unusual perennials for the flower garden Delightful gardens to inspire you Plant and garden advice Mail order and online ordering available, or pop along and visit us at the nurser y

Athelhampton House Sunday 5th May Abbotsbury Subtropical Gardens Sunday 16th June Athelhampton House Sunday 1st Sept Plant Fairs Open 10am - 3pm Gardens Remain Open until 5pm Organised by

Dorset

£7 Admission Includes Entry to Gardens (Free to Plant Heritage Members) Free Parking martinyoung100@btinternet.com www.plantheritage.org.uk Profits support Plant Conservation, Education & Events Reg. Charity No. 1004009

Groups welcome by appointment Open 7 days a week from 1st March to 30th September Weekends 10am - 5.30pm, Weekdays 9am to 5.30pm

Sands Lane, Badsey, Evesham, WR11 7EZ 01386 833849 info@cgf.net w w w.cgf.net

May Days Out at The Bishop's Palace • • • • • • •

14 acres of diverse RHS partner gardens See the Wells that give the City its name Stunning Pawlonia tree flowering in May Daily Guided Tours & Horticultural Tours Book now for Garden Festival 14th-16th June Cafe & Shop Adjacent to Wells Cathedral and City Centre

T 01749 988111 ext.200 www.bishopspalace.org.uk 32

Country Gardener

GREAT P LACES T O V IST: MAY

Peonies a favourite at Cotswolds Garden Flowers There’s an old saying that ‘April showers bring forth May flowers’.

May is always a peak month for flowers in this garden. Amongst Bob Brown’s favourites at Cotswolds Garden Flowers family nursery in Evesham are peonies with varieties that have single, semi -double and double flowers in many colours. Perennial plants are growing fast to give structure in the border. One to look out for is Melianthus major which is grown for its amazing leaves. Others include members of the cow parsley family which give a light airy feel, in contrast to members of the arum family with their bold vase shaped flowers (some with a bad smell). www.cgf.net Tel: 01386 833849. Cotswold Garden Flowers, Sands Lane, Badsey, Evesham WR11 7EZ

Ninfa - one of the great European gardens At Ninfa, on the edge of what were the Pontine marshes south of Rome, crumbling mediaeval walls provide a sheltered microclimate for rare and tender plants with a collection from around the world. Amid 20 acres, plenty of summer heat and water from the mountains on one side, Ninfa is a unique, if not a perfect, garden.

Ninfa is included in the Expressions Holidays’ Tour of the Gardens and Villas of the Environs of Rome. Departures are on Wednesday, 26th June and Wednesday, 11th September 2019. Prices from £2,590 per person.

Special offer for Country Gardener readers Expressions Holidays offers Country Gardener readers a reduction of £75 per person for booking before 30th June.

Contact Expressions Holidays on 01392 441275 for full details. www.expressionsholidays.co.uk Fully protected by our ATOL 3076.

Eckington Village Flower Festival For all those who love beautiful gardens a visit to Eckington shouldn’t be missed on Saturday 15th and Sunday 16th June.

Eckington boasts around four gardens in the NGS scheme which are outstanding in their design and location. There are another 30 or more gardens open of varying size and designs. Each year, the church, Holy Trinity displays a beautiful flower festival reflecting a chosen theme where villagers compete to produce outstanding floral displays.

Refreshments include home-made cakes and light meals and there is a free circular mini-bus. Gardens are marked for wheel-chair friendly. Coaches are welcome (please arrange beforehand for parking), gardening clubs, local groups, the elderly and anyone with an interest in gardens for a leisurely and tranquil day out. Open from 10am to 5pm on both days. Prices: £6 per person for the weekend. Children of school age FREE. Programmes can be purchased from the church or free car parks.

Eckington, near Pershore, Worcestershire WR10 3AN. Tel: 07967 503288, Web: www.eckington.info/flower.html Email: lorrainebainbridge24@gmail.com

Private walled garden tours at Bowood House & Gardens You can enjoy private guided tours of the sensational walled gardens at Bowood House on selective dates throughout the season. Lord and Lady Lansdowne’s private walled garden are entered through a secret door are the historic four acre gardens, tailored to the season and the flowers in bloom. In spring, one of the most striking sights of all is the arched arbors covered with trailing wisteria flowers over the pathways. Visitors can learn which flowers thrive in the beating sun and the cool shady spots as you pass each border from north to south. To book on one of these exclusive tours please call 01249 812102 or visit www.bowood.org.

Another must see at the Wiltshire gardens are the woodland gardens, a separate attraction on the Bowood estate, offering vistas of colour and beauty. Only open for six weeks during the flowering season (April to early June 2019). Covering over 30 acres, this garden is an oasis of bluebells, azaleas, magnolias and rhododendrons.

Bowood House and gardens are open until 3rd November. www.bowood.org.uk Tel 01249 812102. Bowood House and Gardens, Old Rd, Derry Hill, Calne SN11 0LZ

EMPATHY JOINS IN MALVERN SPRING SHOW Empathy will be exhibiting its biological range of products at RHS Malvern Spring from May 9th to 12th in partnership with Caves Folly Nurseries, the green gardeners paradise.

Caves Folly plants are grown peat free and to soil association organic standards.

Empathy products are licensed by the Royal Horticultural Society as they are natural, sustainable but above all highly effective in feeding and nurturing not only plants but the soil in gardens.

You can see them at the Caves Folly marque, behind the Caves Folly permanent sponsored show garden for organic plants, natural plant foods and our UK grown mycorrhizal fungi. www.rootgrow.co.uk

www.countrygardener.co.uk

33

SPECIALIST TREES

TREES, PLANNING AND

your garden

Mark Hinsley delves deeper into issues of planning permission where trees are involved and clears up some of the confusion In last month’s issue of Country Gardener Magazine there was an interesting article by David Hobbs relating to ‘Planning Rights and Wrongs’. David related some of the pitfalls that await the unsuspecting logical human being who ventures into the confusing swamp that is Town and Country Planning.

So, as you sit in your orangery, sipping your Pimm’s, surveying your parterre, ha-ha and distant deer park wondering which project to undertake next, I thought it a good time to throw trees into the swirling mire.

Trees are a material consideration of a planning application - straightforward enough. Trees that are covered by a Tree Preservation Order (TPO) or that stand in a Conservation Area are given particularly significant weight in the balancing of the planning process. How trees are dealt with in a planning application is basically dictated by the recommendations contained in BS5837:2012 ‘Trees in relation to design, demolition and construction’.

A grant of planning permission overrides a TPO, or Conservation Area protection, on the basis that the impact on the trees has been considered as part of the planning process – so there is no need to consider it again.

In his article, David Hobbs referred to ‘Permitted Development’, which relates to buildings that, due to their size, location or nature, do not require the granting of a formal planning consent in order to be constructed.

The problem with ‘Permitted Development’ in a garden that has, or is adjacent to, protected trees, is that, under permitted development rights, the impact on the protected trees has not been considered as part of the process and that consideration still needs to occur.

Put simply – if you are intending to build a structure adjacent to a protected tree under permitted development rights, the TPO or Conservation Area is not overridden.

Sticking your spade in the ground to start digging your foundation could be a criminal offence.

34

The way to deal with this situation is to make a TPO Application for a TPO tree or submit a Section 211 Notice in a Conservation Area. The small morsel of good news is that the local planning authority are not allowed to charge a fee for the determination of such applications.

We have done a number of them.

Unlike a full planning application, it is not the whole structure that is in question, only the bit that would involve cutting something off the protected tree or trees.

Branches are obvious; roots are a bit more mysterious.

It is difficult to know where tree roots are – even the bloke down the pub does not know, despite the fact that he claims to.

So, what we have to do is fall back on BS5837:2012. Within the British Standard there is a ‘rule of thumb’ method for calculating the designated root protection area for any given tree.

If the tree is single stemmed it is relatively simple: multiply the trunk diameter at breast height by 12 and you will have a starting point. If the tree is multi-stemmed, it is more complicated.

If your permitted development is outside the root protection area, you are probably all right, although you should still seek advice because there are some variables, and if it is inside, you need to apply.

If your permitted development is outside but close, you will have to consider how the tree will be protected from the hazards of building activity.

So, even if you do not need to apply, you would be protecting yourself if you are working to a tree protection method statement prepared by a suitably qualified professional.

Enjoy your Pimm’s!

Mark Hinsley is from Arboriculture Consultants Ltd. www.treeadvice.info

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35

GARDENING JOBS

FOR MAY

JOBS IN THE GARDEN

May is here, but don’t get overwhelmed by endless lists of gardening jobs - the main jobs are planting out new vegetables, pruning spring flowering shrubs and planting summer bedding.

Prune spring flowering shrubs for next year’s displays Deciduous shrubs that flower in late winter and spring and early summer need annual pruning to encourage strong, healthy shoots and improve flowering. Annual pruning also prolongs the life of these early-flowering shrubs.

Pruning requirements depend on the type of shrub, but all early-flowering shrubs need routine removal of damaged, diseased or dead wood, as follows: Cut out any damaged or dead shoots back to their point of origin or to ground level.

Where there are many stems, remove some to ground level to keep the bush open and avoid congestion.

Finally take out any weak, spindly or twiggy shoots right to the point of origin or to ground level so the plant concentrates its resources on strong new shoots that will bear the best flowers.

…and give forsythia special attention Try to prune forsythia after it has flowered. If you don’t do this every year they quickly get unmanageable and flower less well. Using sharp loppers and secateurs cut a quarter of the old growth to the base. Also remove diseased, dead, dying and wispy stems, cutting them to the ground. Finally prune stems that have just flowered to two buds above the previous year’s growth.

CUT EVERGREEN HEDGES

May is a good time to trim evergreen hedges, such as lonicera, box and yew; it will get their edges looking crisp and neat and get rid of any deadwood damaged by frosts.

Small hedges can be trimmed with shears. Larger hedges are best tackled with a hedge trimmer.

Remember it is illegal to disturb nesting birds, so be sure to check the hedges for signs of nests before you start the job.

Get on top of weeds early in the season It’s not just the plants you want that thrive at this time of year - weeds will be growing strongly, too.

Catch weeds while they’re small by hoeing borders and the veg garden once a week.

Paths, drives and patios can be kept weed-free by spraying with organic path weedkillers. Many of these prevent weeds returning for several months after they are applied.

Perennial weeds, such as dandelions, have roots that will regrow if you just kill the leaves. They will eventually weaken over time if you hoe them off, or you could try to dig out the roots. Alternatively, spray them with a weedkiller containing glyphosate.

Mulching the soil surface deprives weed seeds of sunlight and helps prevent your precious plants from drying out in hot spells. Apply a layer of fine organic mulch at least 5-8cm deep for it to be effective. Make sure the ground is damp before you apply the mulch, otherwise the mulch act as a barrier to moisture reaching the roots of your plants.

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Country Gardener

Time to plant hanging baskets If you get organised now and start planting up hanging baskets then

by June and July everything will be in full and glorious colour. As long as your patio is sheltered or under cover, baskets can be planted up with fuchsias and tender perennials.

Why not incorporate a slow release fertiliser and water storing crystals to reduce feeding and help water retention at the same time but remember not to place outside until end of May/early June so that containers do not dry out; watering can be stepped up on warm, breezy days.

Dwarf dahlias can be potted up into containers ready to provide colour from mid summer to early autumn.

DAHLIA DUTY Dahlia tubers can be safely planted out now.

However, hold back and wait until you are sure temperatures are warm enough before planting dahlia cuttings. Feed them with plenty of compost dug into the hole and give them a sunny position. The same treatment applies to cannas.

P LUS

Supporting sweet peas

If you have been organised, the autumn sowings of sweet pea will tear away as soon as weather warms.

Tie in to their supports.

If not, buy pot-grown plants and put them in now. Dig a trench and fill the bottom of it with scrunched newspaper to hold moisture and compost or manure if you have it.

A plant that flowers freely and repeatedly needs good nutrition and moisture.

• Keep sowing seeds in small batches roughly fortnightly so that you avoid having a glut but give yourself a longer more manageable harvest.

• Re-pot supermarket herbs, dividing them into smaller pots, a couple of stems per small pot should do for starters. You can use this trick on mint, coriander, basil, thyme – pretty much anything.

• Pinch out the tops of chillies to encourage new branches to grow and create a bushier plant.

• Thin out seedlings already planted allowing space for individual plants to flourish. Wash and use thinnings of lettuces and beet tops in salads.

• If you haven’t started growing yet now is the perfect time to get in young plug plants or buy young plants from garden centres and nurseries. There is so much to choose from to grow in raised beds and allotments.

TIME FOR ACTION IN YOUR POND Water lilies and other pond plants can be planted up in new aquatic baskets and compost; do not use ordinary compost as it encourages algae and is too rich.

Any plants that have become overcrowded should be lifted and divided, trimming any stray roots and this procedure should be carried out every few years.

If you have a new pond, let it settle for at least six weeks before adding fish.

When water reaches 10ºC (50ºF) start to feed fish but remove any uneaten food after about ten minutes.

Scoop out pond algae and blanket weed before they proliferate. Leave blanket weed on the side of the pond overnight so that pond creatures can crawl back in. If you are growing your marginal plants in baskets, lift them out and divide any that are overcrowded. Top baskets with large gravel to keep the fish off.

Plan your daffodil show for next spring Remember those blind daffodils which didn’t flower in the garden? Now is the time to dig them up, move them to a sunnier place if they have become shaded out, or just replant with a bit more room. A little liquid fertiliser applied to spring bulbs as the flowers fade will help to build them up for next year – and remember never to remove the foliage before it has died down naturally.

www.countrygardener.co.uk

37

Campsis x tagliabuana ‘Indian Summer’

Gardens in the sun With the prospect of longer, hotter summers and the certainty of climate change Matt Rees-Warren says it is all pointing to us to have a more Mediterranean style approach to our gardens I don’t profess to be Nostradamus, nor do I hold a doctrine in metrological sciences but I think we can safely say now, without any ambiguity, that our climate is changing. This might happen in wild and unpredictable ways but the change is becoming tangible and real - we can see it and feel it.

Last year’s heatwave produced a garden, in England, I had not seen before: the months of yellow straw lawns, cracks in the soil so wide and deep I could put my whole hand in, a hosepipe as a permanent fixture and established shrubs giving up the ghost. It was a challenge that’s for sure and at times a futile endeavour that’s clearly unsustainable.

What kept going through my mind though was: there are places in the world already making gardens in these conditions – the Mediterranean climate. Again, I am not an authority, but the most prevailing condition to the Mediterranean climate is a long, hot, dry summer, and we certainly had one of those.

Now we could just chalk it up to the predictable unpredictability of the English weather but I think that would be a mistake. If the scientists are right we are going to heat our planet by 1.5 degrees by 2050. And what that then means is 38

Country Gardener

by no way certain, but seems more than likely to be more long, hot, dry summers.

So, what does this all mean for our beloved gardens? Well, we are nothing if not a resourceful and adaptive people and I believe we will find ways and means to react to the change happening all around us. The key here is to say our gardens will be ready to face these challenges without losing their style, creativity and pleasure.

The Mediterranean ‘style’ can be interpreted in many ways but I think it will always be defined by these five elements: shade, stone, pots, topiary and scent. It is, of course, in the detail that the execution will be defined and so let’s take a deeper look at how to achieve this.

Firstly, you need to add height in order to gain the shade. This can be from trees, but mature trees are a luxury of time so the easiest way to achieve this in the form of a pergola. The key here is to use materials that look weathered and rustic.

So, reclaimed oak with a hazel top looks fantastic, or an unpainted wrought iron bar design gives a minimalist quality that weathers in fast.

The plants, of course, will be the key to the pergolas success and here you want to look to try a Jasmine like - Jasminium x stephanense, or a grape vine - Vitis vinifera ‘Purpurea’. If you wanted to be more colourful and adventurous then try a trumpet vine – Campsis x tagliabuana ‘Indian Summer’ – or the passion flower – Passiflora caerulea.

As many of you must have seen on travels through the Mediterranean, they utilise the alabaster finish of sandstone, limestone and marble to great effect. Again, it’s not new to see these materials used in English gardens but you must try to bring them into context to achieve the desired outcome.

Look to use Bath stone for dry stack walling in level changes or raised bed and borders, then a sandstone paved area will look more grounded in its place. Add the fabulously cost effective honeyed hoggin as a counterpoint to the paving and you have a harmonious whole of Mediterranean inspired stonework.

Within this framework, you now need to add the flair of the planting. The idea here is restraint and structure, with an overwhelming sense of greenery and fragrance. You simply cannot create the essence of a Mediterranean garden without either buxus, yew, cypress or olive. Start with these and you will not go far wrong.

You don’t want to think too formally here (even though the buxus and yew especially are the bedrock of the formal garden) try to be a little more romantic and loose i.e., box balls of different sizes and yew columns of different heights. When using pencil cypresses, however, I recommend a symmetrical approach, as on the corners of paving or either side of a path.

Once you have created these ‘bones’ you must then consider the quintessential element of terracotta pots. The style, design and placement of the pots are as, if not more, important than anything else in the garden. Large terracotta pots are an investment but you will never regret the purchase and the pots bring shape and form to the garden throughout the year.

In the Mediterranean they obviously love to place lemon and orange plants in their pots, which if you’re willing to bring inside in the winter is fine, but if you want to leave them in situ, then consider agapanthus or more topiary. Perhaps a twisted cypress or, in the largest pot, an olive tree. If you start to place smaller pots around larger ones in a collection, then you could add pelagoniums or salvia but remember to only use one colour and try to make it strong and dark.

The final part of the puzzle will bring the most pleasure and that is adding plants with scent. Evergreen aromatic herbs are nothing new to us here, but if you add lavender, rosemary, bay and thyme to the structure you have created then it will feel as though the garden has come together and is complete.

It can also help the overall sense of the Mediterranean feel if you pay particular attention to more glaucous, silverleafed plants, such as; Santolina, plectranthus argentatus and Perovskia. They seem to generally come from the Mediterranean region anyway so the plantings look more authentic. Obviously, the soil needs to be very free draining and adding lots of grit and stones will be essential.

When considering your colour palette, I can’t stress enough that less is more.

We are looking at a future without the benefit of summer with copious amounts of rain and the lessons from the regions already in that climate are to make your gardens, and garden plants, less flamboyant and demanding.

There will not be 365 days of colour but selective weeks of intense colour and display, a refined, cool and elegant space to enjoy on those long balmy summer days. www.countrygardener.co.uk

Jasminium x stephanense

Plectranthus argentatus

Passion flower – Passiflora caerulea

Vitis vinifera ‘Purpurea’

39

Spheres

OF DELIGHT

By Anna Forster

Alliums are hugely popular for their wonderful displays of early summer flowers and now the number of cultivars has expanded hugely, gardeners have no excuse in not growing them No other plant or flower attracts quite such admiration in borders and beds than wonderful alliums. They’re architectural, loved by bees and are ideal cut or dried flowers.

Allium colours vary. However, most range between purple and lilac. The darker-purples tend to be hardier than the more silvery mauves and once they appear in your garden you will love them for a long while.

Alliums are the ornamental cousins of onions; their flowers are characteristically clusters of blooms, often forming tight globes, but sometimes arranged in loose bunches of pendant bells, like tassles. Tall alliums, particularly ‘Gladiator’, which has purple flowerheads the size of a soft-pitch softball and stands every inch of four feet tall among the peonies, are not for shy gardeners, but the vast world of alliums also has a demure side.

The variety within the genus allium is astounding: about 700 species are known.

Little Allium moly, sometimes called golden garlic, grows to only about a foot tall and produces dancing clusters of bright yellow flowers in early summer.

Allium aschersonianum has very dark pink flowerheads about the size of a tennis ball and stands about two feet tall.

Allium rosenbachianum, one of the earliest 40

Country Gardener

alliums to bloom, has round, five-inch flowerheads of purple, white, or a rich lilac. Even after the blooms fade, most allium flowerheads remain quite showy on their tall wands through early summer.

Allium flowers rarely smell like onions — it’s the foliage that smells strong, and only when you crush it. They are all easy to grow; few springflowering bulbs are as undemanding as alliums.

They bloom profusely in full sun, but tolerate a surprising amount of shade.

Alliums can thus be planted to advantage among roses, peonies, hostas, and ferns and under trees and around shrubs. Small alliums make a lacy edge at the front of a border: chives, which are easy to grow from seed, make a perfect edging for an herb garden, and they look pretty in front of roses, in a rock garden, or along the edge of a flower bed, too. The largest alliums are like garden sculptures; they’re tall enough to plant at the back of a flower bed, but put a few bulbs up front, too: you’ll want to shake them by the stems, pat their fuzzy heads, and inspect their thousands of sparkling flowers up close.

It’s worth knowing that allium leaves, like onion skins, are a strong dye, which will stain yellow, so don’t pick or defoliate alliums in your pristine whites.

What to plant with them

Allium bulbs

– the facts

The taller varieties of alliums are tall and straight in a border and do not need staking due to their stiff stems. However, their leaves emerge early and die back before the flowers appear, so foliage tends to be shabby by the time alliums are in flower and it’s best to have them growing through lower-growing herbaceous plants so that this is hidden.

Low-growing hardy geraniums, Alchemilla mollis and the silvery leaves of Artemisia ‘Powis Castle’ will hide any unsightly leaves.

They look just as well in a flower border as they do on the edges of a vegetable garden, so they can be grown under standard gooseberries, or under standard roses. They should be woven through a border so are best ordered in 50s or 100s. However, some hybrids are expensive so generally the cheaper varieties are planted en masse with stands of a few bulbs of the most expensive ones.

Anna Forster worked at RHS Wisley on a three year trial on alliums and now grows 20 varieties in her Dorset garden.

• Allium bulbs are planted in early autumn and will flower next year and for a few years if they are prevented from selfseeding.

• Alliums are generally plants of sunny and well-drained soils.

• If you plant a pale allium find it a warm spot.

• Plant allium bulbs at twice the depth of the bulb, four to five inches deep and about a foot apart.

• As the allium flowers fade some will develop seedpods and these need to be removed before the black seeds escape and create a sea of grass-like seedlings.

• Feed alliums every spring with a potashrich fertiliser.

• Do not let alliums self seed! They will produce hundreds of grassy nuisances.

• Alliums will attract bees and butterflies.

Allium ‘Gladiator’

Varieties to grow

Another hybrid that forms a large lilac-purple completely round ball.

Allium ‘Purple Rain’

Allium ‘Firmament’

A popular variety with more open heads of intense purple.

This has deep purple flowers with a metallic sheen and the heads are flattened at the base. It is June-flowering - so extends the season.

Allium hollandicum ‘Purple Sensation’ Deep-purple spheres appear just after the late-tulips. It flowers by mid-May and the flowers fade beautifully, quite quickly but give weeks of interest. Very cheap to buy: this allium produces seeds so do remove the heads.

Allium ‘Ambassador’

Allium ‘Globemaster’ A shorter allium with larger, perfectly spherical heads eightinch wide in deep, violet-purple that flower from late May and lasts a long time. There’s often a second flush of flower and the foliage is much tidier than most.

A six inch fuzzy round head of purple stars that goes on and on throughout June and July without fading in colour. Robust and reliable, year after year, and there are no seeds. The bulbs are massive.

Allium ‘Mount Everest’ This hybrid of Allium stipitatum and Allium aflatunense, has glossy green stems with one flattened edge. The white heads measure five inches across and reach three feet in height, flowering in May to June. This is often planted with a yew hedge backdrop.

Roughly four times as expensive as ‘Purple Sensation’. www.countrygardener.co.uk

Allium ‘Giganteum’ The most expensive bulb usually, but well worth it because this is taller, reaching four feet in height. The flower is grapefruit-sized with lots of flowers that form a fuzzy ball, but this is a species found on lower mountain slopes in Central Asia, introduced in 1883.

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Lutyens and Jekyll

- the original gardening

‘dream team’

by Vivienne Lewis For gardeners the name of Edwin Lutyens is said in the same breath as the garden designer Gertrude Jekyll. We remember the architect on the 150th anniversary of his birth, when a chance meeting laid the foundation of one of the great gardening collaborations.

Edwin Lutyens was one of the greatest architects this country has produced. His commissions ranged from a castle for an Edwardian millionaire in Devon, grand country villas to imperial buildings in New Delhi, then after World War I creating the Cenotaph in London’s Whitehall and war memorials ranging from the military cemeteries in northern France to modest war memorials in towns and villages around England, and an extraordinary doll’s house which sits in Windsor Castle.

But it was a chance meeting with a formidable lady that set off the young architect on his career and forged one of the greatest collaborations in garden design. Gertrude Jekyll was an artist and craftswoman who began to specialise in gardening when her myopic eyesight forced her to abandon intricate work.

She met young Edwin (‘Ned’) Lutyens at a tea party in Surrey in 1889. The woman who became known to Lutyens and The garden at Munstead Wood in his family as Godalming has been lovingly restored ‘Aunt Bumps’ was not one for tea parties but she made an exception for one fateful afternoon and it was just as well that she did.

Lutyens was at the start of his career, just aged 20. Gertrude was 45, admired for the extent of her arts and crafts work: painting, embroidery, metal work, carving and interior design.

She had studied art at the South Kensington School of Art in London, and was influenced by Ruskin and the arts and crafts movement spearheaded by William Morris.

This multi-talented woman was still living with her mother in a large house near Godalming in Surrey, but she wanted a home of her own and had bought a 15-acre woodland plot across the road from the family home, where she began to create a garden - but it had no house. At the tea party (which she had driven to in her pony and cart despite her shortsightedness) she was impressed by the eager young architect, 42

and although they had not spoken during the afternoon, invited him to see her emerging garden.

From those small beginnings grew the great collaboration of Lutyens and Jekyll. She commissioned a house by Lutyens at Munstead Wood, from where her nursery and her garden design fame would materialise. He first built The Hut, a cottage in the grounds which she used as a writer’s retreat after the main house was built.

Lutyens also built the North Court by the house, a circular area beneath a timbered gallery, paved with flagstones and enclosed by Miss Jekyll’s favourite foliage plants, with a garden seat designed by him and which would become one of his signature designs.

Their garden design partnership was a symbiosis in which their talents dovetailed – with his architectural eye in designing garden layouts, landscaping and stone structures perfectly complemented by Jekyll’s artistic use of colour and knowledge of plants. Their greatest surviving commission today is the Formal Garden at Hestercombe Gardens near Taunton, with the Great Plat, which was completed in the 1900s for the Portman family.

Many others have not survived, but the garden at Munstead Wood has been lovingly restored, as has the garden at Upton Grey in Hampshire by owner Rosamund Wallinger who has written two books on the work of more than two decades, and where, although Lutyens was not directly involved, the garden has the essential elements of a Lutyens design, with Jekyll’s planting genius.

Gertrude Jekyll was well connected in society, and through her Lutyens gained many commissions which in turn brought him to prominence in his profession.

They worked on Lindisfarne Castle in Northumberland, where Lutyens built a holiday home for Country Life magazine founder Edward Hudson, a castle structure around an old fort; Lutyens also redesigned the walls of the old enclosed garden, with a wealth of colour provided by Jekyll’s planting schemes. They also worked on Hudson’s other properties, Deanery Garden in Berkshire and Plumpton Place in East Sussex.

Hudson gave Jekyll and Lutyens the opportunity to reach a wider audience. He had been Jekyll’s publisher for

Country Gardener

Surviving Lutyens properties, some with gardens created with Gertrude Jekyll CASTLE DROGO - Drewsteignton, Devon EX6 6PB (National Trust)

The Formal Garden at Hestercombe near Taunton with the Great Plat, which was completed in the 1900’s

her books and articles, and now became the publicist for their commissions, with many articles in the magazine about the work they had produced: Orchard, and Goddards, both in Surrey, Folly Farm in Berkshire, Marshcourt in Hampshire, and many others.

There were some important commissions that might have been included in the long list that Jekyll and Lutyens worked on together but in some cases that did not happen. They did not work together at Castle Drogo in Devon, built over a period of many years for Julius Drewe, the millionaire owner of the Home and Colonial Stores, at the time one of the largest retail chains in Britain.

Jekyll’s involvement was limited to planting suggestions for the long drive to the castle.

Instead of Jekyll, Lutyens worked with George Dillistone from Kent. A formal garden was created with rose beds, serpentine paths winding along billowing herbaceous borders, corner ‘rooms’ of evergreens and a stone staircase leading up to a croquet lawn.

Upton Grey in Hampshire

During World War 1 Lutyens started drawing up plans to commemorate the fallen. In 1917 he was invited to join the Imperial War Graves Commission, and played a crucial role in the design of British cemeteries being of a nondenominational character remembering the thousands of soldiers who died and for the

headstones that made no differentiation between the dead of different ranks.

He went on to design the monuments that are forever linked to his name, the Monument to the Missing of the Somme at Thiepval in France and the Cenotaph in London’s Whitehall, as well as war memorials around the country.

On a lighter note, the quirkiest garden of the Lutyens-Jekyll collaboration was created for the Queen’s Dolls House at Windsor Castle, designed by Lutyens and completed in 1924.

An amazingly detailed construction, with top artists and craftsmen of the day involved, a gift from the nation to Queen Mary, it was displayed to raise funds for charities, originally exhibited at the British Empire Exhibition of 1924-25, where more than 1.6 million visitors admired the intricate workmanship, with everything perfectly made in miniature, right down to cars made

by Rolls Royce. The tiny formal walled garden has paved paths, low evergreen clipped hedges, little pots with plants and the famous ‘Lutyens’ garden benches, all in miniature.

When Jekyll died in 1932 Lutyens designed her gravestone at Busbridge church, Godalming, where she was buried next to her brother and his wife. Lutyens died on 1st January 1944.

He is remembered as one of the most prolific architects this country has produced, with an incredible output, including even plans for a monumental cathedral in Liverpool that was never built, apart from the massive Romanesque style crypt.

While few of the Lutyens-Jekyll gardens have survived, their influence over 20th century garden making was enormous. Together they collaborated on around 100 gardens of the 400 that Jekyll created. We can admire Edwin Lutyens’ buildings, and his garden lay outs, but many of them were made even more complete when they were clothed with the artistic planting schemes of Gertrude Jekyll. www.countrygardener.co.uk

MOTHECOMBE HOUSE - Mothecombe, Holbeton, Plymouth, Devon PL8 1LB (by appointment) GODDARDS - Abinger Common, Surrey RH5 6JL MUNSTEAD WOOD - Godalming, Surrey GU7 1UN (occasionally viewed by appointment) GREAT DIXTER - Northam, Rye, East Sussex TN31 6PH LINDISFARNE CASTLE - Holy Island, Northumberland TD15 2SH (National Trust) GREYWALLS - Muirfield, Gullane, East Lothian, EH31 2EG LE BOIS DES MOUTIERS - Varengeville-surMer, France And a ‘must see’ garden they created...

THE FORMAL GARDEN - Hestercombe Gardens, Cheddon Fitzpaine, Taunton TA2 8LG

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Hardening of f It’s time to plant young seedlings, raised indoors, out in the garden or allotment. But do it too abruptly and you’ll kill them.

These days, a great many gardeners are growing the plants for their garden from seeds.

This allows a gardener to have access to wide variety of plants that are not available in their local nursery or garden centre.

Growing plants from seeds is easy, as long as you take a few precautions. One of those precautions is to make sure that you harden off your plants before setting them out in your allotment or garden.

Why you should harden seedlings when plants are grown from seed indoors is because they frequently are grown in a controlled warmer environment.

The temperature is pretty much maintained, the light is not as strong as full sunlight outside and there will not be much environmental disturbance like wind and rain.

‘Listen to the weather forecasts and have temporary protection ready’ A plant that has been grown indoors in a greenhouse, on a windowsill or a cold frame has never been exposed to the harsher outdoor environment, they do not have any defences built up to help them deal with the cold.

It is much like a person who has spent all winter indoors. This person will burn very easy in summer sunlight if he/she has not built up a resistance to the sun.

The way to help your seedlings build up a resistance is to harden off your seedlings.

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Young tender plants raised in a warm protected environment need to be properly acclimatised to outdoor conditions over the next few weeks Hardening off is an easy process and will make your plants grow better and stronger when you do plant them out into the garden.

Hardening off is really just gradually introducing your baby plants to the great outdoors.

It takes two or three weeks depending on the plant type, the temperatures which the plant grow under protection and the location of the garden.

Hardy plants are by definition quicker to acclimatise than half hardy or tender plants.

Ideally transfer plants from heated to cooler conditions on a cloudy day or cover them with fleece to avoid them wilting.

TIMING IS CRITICAL Tender plants should not be outside until you are absolutely sure the frosts are finished. And who can be sure of that so err on the cautious side.

Listen to the weather forecasts and have temporary protection ready, cloches, fleece or even newspaper should there be a sudden late frost.

Hardening off techniques clearly depend on what facilities are available. Plants raised in heated greenhouse or on windowsills ideally should be moved into a cold greenhouse for two weeks then into a well ventilated cold frame.

If you do not have a cold frame place the plants at the base of a sheltered south facing wall or hedge or other sheltered position during the day and then cover with a fleece at night.

After about ten days remove the fleece during the day and leave plants outdoors. Leave them uncovered towards the end of the third week before finally putting out.

Hardening off is vital and many gardeners who complain their crops are late or slow growing have probably not addressed the key task of hardening off properly.

Country Gardener

HORTICULTURAL FLEECE

Bell cloches Cloche is the French word for ‘bell’. The original cloches were large bell-shaped jars that 19th-century French market gardeners placed over plants in spring to act as portable miniature greenhouses.

Now lightweight curved cloches protect plants from wind and rain and raise soil temperatures around the plant and significantly let in light from every angle. Larger cloches are ideal for outdoor crops such as tomatoes, aubergines or courgettes. Individual cloche for smaller plants are easy to make –just remove the base from plastic bottles.

The advantage they have is they look attractive, prevent water from dripping on to the crops and are good for individual plants. The bad news is they are only suitable for smaller plants and have no control over ventilation.

Although modern versions of these individual cloches are not as elegant as the traditional glass bell jars, some offer the same or a better degree of frost protection.

Transparent fleece and other floating films, known collectively as crop covers, are laid over or around plants hastening their growth, and protecting against weather and pests. They are usually used without supporting hoops. Crop covers work by warmth from the sun raising temperatures by a few degree, typically 2°C, compared to uncovered plants. This can advance maturity or flowering by about two weeks.

Covered tender plants can be sown or planted out earlier than if uncovered by about two weeks in spring. Crucially crop covers prevent overheating by allowing heat to escape through holes built into them during manufacture.

Unpierced transparent polythene sheeting or bubblewrap, for example, would not only lead to excess moisture but damage plants by excess heat on sunny days even in mid-spring. The fleece needs weighing down in winds, can become dirty and unsightly and is difficult to apply in adverse weather.

Mini tunnels

Mini tunnel are lightweight covers made from either rigid or plastic or polythene in a wide range of styles. They are ideal in blocking off rows of vegetables from cold winds and rain while maintaining humidity and temperature.

They are reasonably cheap are light and easy to move.

The bad news is they can be difficult to water and can also be fragile and easily damaged in bad weather.

Cold frames Classically the ideal solution for hardening off young plants .The best ones are mini greenhouses with brick or wooden sides and a clear hinged or removable cover. They are ideal for smaller plants in pots trays or modules. Cold frames are ideal for smaller gardens. Glass sided frames let in more light but brick frames are warner and retain more heat.

Wooden varieties are in the middle somewhere. The disadvantage is that controlling the temperature can be difficult as cold frames heat up very quickly and getting the right temperature consistently can be a problem with having to move plants in and out of the frame.

GENTLE GENTLY OR ONE SINGLE TEMPERATURE SHOCK? There is a significant slowdown when plants are exposed to stress. And few things cause them stress more than being moved from a warm environment to a much colder one. Hardy plants will fair better so a brief hardening period of no more than 10 days or less is sufficient. Tender plants however are a different story and they can be permanently damaged so do not attempt to plant these out until the risk of temperatures below 10 degrees C (50 degrees F) has passed. Cold stressed tomatoes develop a purple tinge, aubergines go grey and sweetcorn leaves tend to bleach. Courgettes turn crispy and fade. www.countrygardener.co.uk

45

Discover

Marwood Hill Gardens

Discover the stunning views at Marwood Hill Gardens, 20 acres of private gardens with lakes in North Devon.

The gardens are a wonderful haven in which to relax and enjoy the impressive collections of plants, shrubs and trees and experience the views and peaceful atmosphere.

Specialist Plant Sales At Marwood, we aim to provide something a little bit different, something which you can take home.

Award-Winning Tea Room & Gift Shop

Our award-winning Garden Tea Room & Gift Shop offers seasonal menus of homemade, locally-sourced and gluten-free delights.

Tel: 01271 342528 | www.marwoodhillgarden.co.uk Marwood Hill Gardens, North Devon EX31 4EA

If you would like a last resting place in beautiful countryside overlooking Dartmoor.

Phone 01647 24382 and speak to Julie or Martin Chatfield

www.crosswayswoodlandburials.co.uk

Endsleigh G N ARDENS

URSERY

BUY FROM THE GROWERS A Traditional Nursery set in the beautiful Tamar Valley.

Fruit Trees: Apple, Pear, Plum, Quince etc 2-3yrs old from £23.95 Flowering Trees from £34.95, Grafted Wisteria £18.95 Plus our extensive range of shrubs and perennials.

Ring for details or visit www.endsleighgardens.co.uk Open every day, even Easter Sunday... WELL WORTH A VISIT

Milton Abbot, Tavistock PL19 0PG Tel: 01822 870235 From Milton Abbot follow brown signs to Endsleigh House & Gardens on B3362

46

Country Gardener

New look for

TOBY’S DEVON GARDEN FESTIVAL The popular Devon garden festival opens in the stunning surroundings of Powderham Castle with a new look and added attractions The sixth event in the series of Toby’s Garden Festival at Powderham Castle near Exeter on Friday, May 3rd and Saturday, May 4th has a new look, more under cover space and a host of extra attractions.

It remains one of highlights in the southwest gardening calendar.

There’s a new layout for the festival to the front of the castle, with more under-cover space in the shape of an Artisan Barn and theatre and a new Country Gardener Magazine Talks Tent. And for the first time the festival now welcomes dogs.

This year the festival will be divided into zones, including the Gardening Village, Feast street and Craft Zone to help visitors more easily find what they are looking for. The list of nurseries includes award winning Chelsea stalwarts and some exceptional new growers.

Plants remain the heart of the festival The Powderham festival has built its reputation since it was launched in 2014 on the quality of the plants it offers visitors. Over 30 selected and invited nurseries will be at this year’s event from not just the southwest but all over the UK. See www.tobygardenfest.co.uk for a full list of those attending

Information and tickets Friday 3rd and Saturday 4th May at Powderham Castle, Kenton nr Exeter.

Adult tickets cost £10 in advance (£12.50 on the gate) available from www.tobygardenfest.co.uk, Exeter’s Tourist Information office and Urban & Rural Plants.

VIP Tickets £55 including all day refreshments, lunch and free goody bag from festival sponsor Hawksmoor Investment Management.

Children under 12 are free, parking is free and well-behaved dogs on short leads are welcome.

www.tobygardenfest.co.uk

What’s on where at the festival ARTISAN BARN - This is the new festival home for indoor plants, and the best arts and crafts in the West, along with the chance to make realistic blooms from paper for free with Exeter artist WildHive.

BBC RADIO DEVON - Radio Devon’s David ‘Fitz’ Fitzgerald is opening the festival and out and about, broadcasting live from the show with Toby on Friday morning. Join the afternoon Q&A sessions in the castle for a chance to hear your garden queries answered on air on Toby’s Sunday morning gardening show.

CASTLE DRIVEWAY - Weave a flower crown for free with help from the British Academy of Floral Art and Candide,

the gardening app. Coastal Recycling are giving away free samples of their organic mulch.

COURTYARD - Whetpink Ticket holders – collect your free plant from Whetmans here, plus there’s more seating, refreshments and a range of crafts, plants and food stalls.

Meet actor John ‘Boycie’ Challis and no-dig gardener Steph Hafferty by the castle porch for book signings.

CRAFT ZONE - Don’t miss Teign Trees, always ‘up’ to something in the trees. Alex Metcalf of BBC’s My Passion for Trees is hooked up the tree-trunks so you can listen in to the sounds of sap flowing up the xylem. Head to the knitting tent to learn (or rediscover) how to knit woolly flowers, veg and crochet a friendship bracelet.

www.countrygardener.co.uk

47

Speakers timetable There’s a strong BBC ‘Gardener’s World’ theme in the new location of the Powderham Speakers Hall in the main castle, when garden designer Joe Swift is back with his advice on garden design on Friday and Frances Tophill guests on Saturday, to share her practical advice on coastal gardens and other tricky types of gardens.

Joe Swift

Stephanie Hafferty

FRIDAY 3RD MAY

Frances Tophill

John Challis

SATURDAY 4TH MAY

10.30am Joe Swift

10.30am Frances Tophill

11.30am

11.30am

John Challis

John Challis

12.15pm Candide flower demonstrations

12.15pm Candide flower demonstrations

1pm

Stephanie Hafferty, No Dig

1pm

TBC

2pm

Joe Swift

2pm

Frances Tophill

3pm

BBC Radio Devon Q&A with Toby Buckland, Joe Swift, Jim Buttress and Dr Ian Bedford

3pm

BBC Radio Devon Q&A woth Toby Buckland, Frances Tophill, Jim Buttress and Dr Ian Bedford

Collect your free sample of the famous Coastal Organics compost

If you visit Coastal Organics at Toby’s Garden Festival in the Garden Village you can pick up a free sample of their famous West Country Compost.

It is famous because every year the Devon recycling business creates more than 35,000 tonnes of rich compost through green garden waste collected and processed from all over the region.

Coastal are again one of the sponsors of the garden festival as they introduce their compost to visitors and explain the processes that go into its quality.

Gardeners are always on the lookout for a new compost that does not bring with it a flourish of weeds.

The compost start its life as the green garden waste from across Devon, in 2018 this equated to 55,000 tonnes.

The composting process follows a set of specific procedures to achieve the PAS100 status which spans over 12 weeks Achieving compost certified to the highest industry requires regular sampling and testing both of the composts physical and chemical parameters to show the results are within the strict levels required. The final sampling and testing is to show the finished product is free of plant and animal pathogens, contains minimal levels of plastics, glass, stones and heavy materials and is microbially stable and able to sustain effective germination.

Visit www.coastaluk.co.uk/compost to find out more.

48

Country Gardener

SOLVE YOUR GARDEN PEST PROBLEMS AT THE FESTIVAL The Powderham festival offers visitors the chance to get expert first hand advice about pest control in the garden.

Dr Ian Bedford,head of Entomolgy from the John Innes Centre and a man passionate about bugs and the environment, will be at the festival on both days to answer questions.

The popular clinic which is returning to the festival is again sponsored by Grazers. A family business based in Cumbria who produce a range of garden formulas totally safe to nature, not just to humans, their crops and their pets, but to all wildlife. Importantly this includes the very pests the products are seeking to keep away from the plants, as they play an important part in natural food chains.

Grazers products are available via agricultural distributors and an increasing number of garden centre outlets, as well as online from Grazers. www.grazers.co.uk

Kay Tudor

Sara Rittershausen

FRIDAY 3RD MAY

A new Country Gardener Magazine talks tent at the festival will be hosted entirely by the knowledgeable nursery-people who are exhibiting at the show.

It is the opportunity for visitors to hear from the people who know more about plants than anyone else - the plantsmen who grow and care for them. The subjects cover everything from roses to orchids, Itoh peonies to clematis, coastal planting to wild flowers and air plants to hanging baskets.

The Country Gardener Talks tent is free and runs on both days.

Joy Michaud

Andy Gavin

SATURDAY 4TH MAY

11am

Kay Tudor, Atlantic Botanic

Growng drought tolerant and wind resistant plants

11.40am

Sara Rittershausen, Burnham Nurseies

The secrets of growing orchids

Paul Jupp, Meadow in 12.15pm My Garden

Country Gardener Talks Tent

Wildflower meadows from seeds

1pm

Richard Woods, Lilies & Chillies

Itoh peonies

1.45pm

Joy Michaud, Seaspring Seeds

Growing chillies

2.30pm

Chris Collins, Garden Organic

The path to organically gardening

11am

Marcel Floyd, Floyds Climbers

How to grow clematis

11.40am

Stuart Pocock, Pocock Roses

Caring for roses

12.15pm

Andy Gavin, Andy’s Air Plants

Growing ‘Air Plants’

1pm

Dawn Morris, Tartendown Nursery

Hanging Baskets

1.45pm

Tim Hancock, Tortworth Plants

How to care for the plants you buy

2.30pm

Richard Orton, Lewis Cottage Plants

English Cottage plants

www.countrygardener.co.uk

49

Lets drink to rhubarb!

by Kate Lewis

In late spring rhubarb gradually moves from the forced season to the outdoor season, and with the lack of other local seasonal produce it is worth exploring different ways to use this versatile and colourful vegetable.

Although best known for its use in sweet crumbles and fools, rhubarb is actually a vegetable, and works as well in savoury dishes and drinks as on the dessert table.

British rhubarb is cultivated in two different ways and has two different seasons. Forced rhubarb involves growing rhubarb without light and takes place between Christmas and Easter. This encourages early growth and produces thin, tender pink stalks which are considered by many to be sweeter and more tender than garden-grown rhubarb.

into small pieces. Only over-grown and stringy gardengrown varieties may need peeling.

Rhubarb is easily frozen – cut blemish free stems into roughly 2.5cm pieces and put into large plastic bags. If you want to maintain their colour and freeze for longer than three months it is best to wash the stems, blanch them first – cook in a pan of boiling water for a minute then plunge into ice-cold water before drying and freezing in bags.

Garden-grown rhubarb – when the plant ripens naturally in full sunlight - is at its best between April and September.

These varieties tend to be greener and with a more robust flavour but can get stringy if left on the plant for too long.

Although most often used in sweet dishes - often with vanilla, orange and ginger – rhubarb is a perfect accompaniment to savoury dishes. As a pickle or a ketchup it compliments oily fish and fatty meats, and can also be found on a cheese board.

Both forced and garden-grown varieties of rhubarb can be used interchangeably in the kitchen. Rhubarb leaves contain poisonous oxalic acid and should never be eaten.

To prepare, chop off the leaves and discard. Wash and stems and top and tail. Most recipes call for the stems to be cut

Rhubarb can also be a colourful and sweet addition to your drinks cabinet. Rhubarb cordial makes a refreshing spring drink when diluted with sparkling water or can also be used as a base for a shimmering bellini when combined with prosecco.

50

Country Gardener

Rhubarb gin Makes 2 litres INGREDIENTS: 1kg pink rhubarb stalks, washed 400g caster sugar (white, not golden) 800ml gin METHOD: 1. Cut the rhubarb stalks into 3cm lengths. Put in a large jar with the sugar. Shake well, put the lid on and leave overnight. The sugar will draw the juice out of the rhubarb.

2. After 24 hours add the gin, seal and shake well.

Leave for about 4 weeks before drinking. Strain the liquor through a sieve lined with muslin and transfer to a bottle. Alternatively leave the rhubarb and alcohol in the jar and ladle straight into your drink. (© Diana Henry)

Rhubarb cordial Makes 600ml INGREDIENTS: 300g caster sugar 1 orange, zest and juice 1 lemon, zest and juice 450g rhubarb, chopped 1 slice root ginger, peeled METHOD: 1. Put the sugar in a large saucepan with 300ml water.

Bring to a simmer then add the zest and juice of both the orange and lemon, along with the rhubarb and ginger.

2. Cook over a medium heat until the rhubarb is falling apart.

3. Pour the mixture through a sieve lined with muslin in to a clean heatproof jug. Transfer to sterilised bottles.

4. To serve – mix 25ml cordial with 100ml still or sparkling water. Keeps in the fridge for up on a month. (©BBC Good Food)

Rhubarb & beetroot ketchup INGREDIENTS: 2 beetroot, uncooked 1 onion, diced 400 rhubarb stems, chopped into 2 cm pieces 1 inch piece of fresh ginger, finely chopped 150g caster sugar 50ml red wine vinegar 1 star anise 2 juniper berries 1 clove Vegetable oil Sea salt METHOD: 1. Preheat the oven to 180°. Place the beetroot on a roasting tray and drizzle with olive oil.

Cover with foil and roast for 1 – 2 hours, until the beetroot are tender.

2. Sweat down the onion and ginger in a splash of vegetable oil. When soft add the rhubarb to the pan. Stir occasionally. When it has almost turned to mush add the vinegar and sugar.

3. In a spice grinder, or pestle and mortar, grind the star anise, juniper and clove to a powder then add to the pan. Cook for five minutes. Take off the heat.

4. When the beetroot are cooked and cooled slightly remove the skin with a small knife.

5. Put the rhubarb mixture in a blender or food processor with the beetroot and blitz until smooth. Taste and season – you may need more salt, sugar or vinegar depending on the tartness of your rhubarb.

6. Store in an airtight container in the fridge for up to a month. (©Pollyanna Coupland)

www.countrygardener.co.uk

51

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Ideally located for visiting all Cotswold Towns and Villages. Excellent walking Tel: 01242 604189 info@pinnockwoodfarm.co.uk www.pinnockwoodfarm.co.uk Cornwall, near St Just. Chalet, sleeps 4, heated indoor pool, open all year – near gardens/coast, golfing nearby. Prices from £300 pw. 01736 788718 Bosworlas near Sennen/St Just, Cornwall. Cosy Cottage, rural views, Sleeps 2-4 01736 788709 www.bosworlas.co.uk Enchanted Woodland Setting for Special Events and Rustic Weddings Call Woodland Ways 01271 850245 or email woodlandways@gmail.com for more information.

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Country Gardener

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North Devon near Clovelly. 3 delightful Close to many NT Gardens, Houses and cottages situated in 12 acres of idyllic Dorset Coast. Sculpture by the lakes in countryside. Sleeps 2-4. 1 Wheelchair Dorset. Pet Friendly 01935 423902 friendly. Prices from £190 p.w. Brochure: www.littlebarwickhouse.co.uk 01237 431324 www.foxwoodlodge.co.uk 4 Star Gold Award B&B in Stoulton, Worcestershire. Luxury accommodation in beautiful surroundings. Perfectly situated to visit Worcester, The Malvern’s, Pershore, Cheltenham and Cotswolds.

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CLASSIF IED Garden Plants/Accessories

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54

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55

TIME Off

COMPILED BY KATE LEW IS DIARY EVENTS FROM CLUBS AND ORGANISATIONS AROUND DEVON

Our hugely popular Time Off section is a regular free opportunity for gardening clubs, associations, societies and organisations to publicise their events to Country Gardener readers.

Here’s a selection of gardening events to look out for during the next few weeks throughout Devon.

If you are a garden club or association looking to promote an event then please send us details at least eight weeks before publication and we will publicise it free of charge. Make sure you let us know where the event is being held, the date and include a contact telephone number.

We are always keen to support events and we will be glad to publicise talks, meetings and shows held during the year where clubs want to attract a wider audience, but we do not have space for club outings or parties. It is much easier for us if garden clubs could send us their diary for the year for events to be included in the relevant issue of the magazine. Please send to Country Gardener Magazines, Mount House, Halse, Taunton TA4 3AD or by email to timeoff@countrygardener.co.uk We take great care to ensure that details are correct at the time of going to press but we advise readers to check wherever possible before starting out on a journey as circumstances can force last minute changes. All NGS open gardens can be found on www.ngs.org.uk or in the local NGS booklet available at many outlets.

APRIL 21st DEVON PLANT HERITAGE, BURROW FARM GARDENS, NR AXMINSTER PLANT FAIR Details on 01271 871182 23rd CREDITON GARDEN CLUB ‘HOSTAS AND FERNS’ Details on 01363 899238 24th IPPLEPEN GARDEN CLUB ‘JOYS AND TRIALS OF GROWING ORGANIC VEGETABLES’ – GUY SINGH-WATSON Details on 01803 431374 TORQUAY & DISTRICT HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY ‘SPECTACULAR CONTAINERS’ – SUE FISHER 25th DAWLISH GARDEN SOCIETY ‘STRAWBERRIES & CREAM TEAS’ – LORI REICH FROM SHUTE FRUIT Details on 01626 862250 26th BUDLEIGH SALTERTON GARDEN CLUB ‘BEHIND THE SCENES AT CHELSEA’ – SALLY NEX Details on 01395 445112

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27th SHOBROOKE PARK GARDEN, NR CREDITON OPEN GARDEN IN AID OF THE HOLY CROSS CREDITON ROOF APPEAL Details on 01363 772865 28th BOWRINGSLEIGH, WEST ALVINGTON OPEN GARDEN 2pm – 5pm. Details on 01548 852774 29th BUDLEIGH SALTERTON FLOWER CLUB DEMONSTRATION BY ALISON PENNO Details on 01395 567494 30th EXMOUTH GARDEN CLUB ‘LUKESLAND GARDENS’ – LORNA HOWELL Details on 01395 223848 YEALM GARDENS SOCIETY ‘AGATHA CHRISTIE, LITERARY DAUGHTER OF DEVON’ – JOHN RISDON

MAY 1st BROADHEMBURY GARDENING CLUB Q & A – SARAH CHESTER Details on 01404 841515

Country Gardener

4th CREDITON GARDEN CLUB ANNUAL PLANT AND PRODUCE SALE, CREDITON LIBRARY Details on 01363 899238 CORNWALL HARDY PLANT SOCIETY ANNUAL PLANT SALE AT TRURO CATTLE MARKET 10am – 2pm HARDY PLANT SOCIETY ‘HOW THE FLOWERS BECAME’ – JULIAN SUTTON Details on 01363 774316 LYMPSTONE GARDEN CLUB PLANT SALE & COFFEE MORNING Details on 01395 269989 9th HOLCOMBE GARDEN SOCIETY ‘NORTH EAST ASIA’ – PAUL BARTLETT Details on 01626 862823 TEIGNMOUTH GARDENING CLUB ‘FEEBERS GARDEN’ – MIKE & EDNA SQUIRES Details on 07875 746379 11th BROADHEMBURY GARDENING CLUB PLANT SALE Details on 01404 841515

CHULMLEIGH & DISTRICT GARDEN SOCIETY COFFEE MORNING & PLANT SALE AT CHULMLEIGH TOWN HALL Details on 07792 454094 KEA GARDEN SOCIETY PLANT SALE AT PLAYING PLACE Details on 01872 863136 WHIMPLE VILLAGE PRODUCE ASSOCIATION PLANT SALE 10am YEALM GARDENS SOCIETY PLANT SALE & COFFEE MORNING 10am – 11.30am, Village Hall, Noss Mayo 11th/12th DEVON PLANT HERITAGE PLANT FAIR AT RHS ROSEMOOR 10am – 3pm Details on 01271 871182 12th BRIDGERULE, NR HOLSWORTHY MAMMOTH PLANT SALE 11am – 5pm www.thebridgemill.co.uk 13th CHULMLEIGH & DISTRICT GARDEN SOCIETY ‘SQUARE MILE GARDENING’ – CLAIRE HART Details on 07792 454094 14th EXMINSTER GARDENING CLUB ‘BONSAI’ - NIGEL WRIGHT Details on 01392 832762 PLYMPTON FUCHSIA & GERANIUM GROUP ‘PELARGONIUMS’ – JOHN NICHOLASS 15th KNOWSTONE & ROSE ASH GARDEN CLUB ‘IRRESISTIBLE GARDEN FLOWERS’ – ROY CHEEK Details on 01398 341476 TORQUAY & DISTRICT HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY ‘A THEME ON PROPAGATION’ – PETER BURKS

16th HONITON GARDEN CLUB ‘NOT JUST GERTRUDE JEKYLL’ – CHRISTINE STONES Details on 01404 548709

23rd BARNSTAPLE & DISTRICT HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY ‘ASIAN HORNET’ – MAVIS DOWLING Details on 01769 574551

18th DAWLISH GARDEN SOCIETY SPRING PLANT SALE, FRONT OF STRAND CENTRE 10am – 12.30pm Details on 01626 862250 DEVON PLANT HERITAGE PLANT FAIR AT DELAMORE HOUSE, CORNWOOD 10am – 3pm Details on 01271 871182 HONITON GARDEN CLUB ANNUAL PLANTS SALE, OUTSIDE ST PAUL’S CHURCH 8.30am – 12noon Details on 01404 548709 KNOWSTONE & ROSE ASH GARDEN CLUB PLANT SALE & COFFEE MORNING, VILLAGE HALL Details on 01398 341476

24th KINGSKERSWELL GARDENING CLUB ‘A PRACTICAL EVENING PLANTING CONTAINERS’ – ANDREA RYE Details on 01803 873709

19th HIDDEN VALLEY GARDENS, PAR GARDEN EVENT FOR ‘SAVE THE CHILDREN’ Details on 01208 873225 20th MUSBURY GARDEN CLUB ‘PLANTING FOR PROBLEM GARDENS’ – CLAIRE HART 21st BICKLEIGH, ROBOROUGH & DISTRICT GARDEN SOCIETY ‘NERINES’ – CAROLINE STONE Details on 01822 855413 MENHENIOT GARDEN CLUB ‘HERBS’ - ELIZABETH REEVES TIVERTON GARDEN CLUB PLANT SALE & COFFEE MORNING, MEMORIAL HALL Details on 01884 258283 22nd IPPLEPEN GARDEN CLUB ‘101 GARDENING TIPS’ Details on 01803 431374

www.countrygardener.co.uk

24th – 27th ST MICHAELS & ALL ANGELS CHURCH, CORNWOOD CORNWOOD FLOWER FESTIVAL – ‘OUT OF THIS WORLD’ Details on 01752 894465 25th/26th TALATON OPEN GARDENS WEEKEND Details on www.opengardens.co.uk or 01404 822864 28th YEALM GARDENS SOCIETY ‘THE NATURAL HISTORY AND CULTIVATION OF CARNIVOROUS PLANTS’ – DENNIS BALSDON 30th DAWLISH GARDEN SOCIETY ‘THE GARDEN AT FEEBERS COTTAGE’ – EDNA AND MIKE SPIRES Details on 01626 862250 31st BUDLEIGH SALTERTON GARDEN CLUB ‘CULTIVATION AND USE OF UNUSUAL HERBS’ – CAROLINE PAKENHAM Details on 01395 445112

JUNE 2nd CHULMLEIGH OPEN GARDENS 1PM-6PM PROCEEDS TO NORTH DEVON HOSPICE More details on 01769 580019

57

L A N D S CA P E D E S I G N PLANTING CONSTRUCTION

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Tel: 01392 439138 Mob: 07971 944959 egd.landscape@gmail.com

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58

Country Gardener

P RODUC T REV IEW: SECATEURS

Proper cutting edge John Swithinbank reviews perhaps what is the one vital tool in the gardeners armoury – a good quality pair of secateurs I’ve spent nearly the last half-century gardening professionally with perhaps every kind of gardening tool and equipment on the market. Sometimes they have looked too good to be true only for them to perform disappointedly when put to real test at home.

In this issue , I’m looking at secateurs which are perhaps one of the top five tools in every keen gardeners armoury.

Without them our gardens would quickly resemble the Lost Gardens of Heligan prior to their renaissance. A pair of the best quality secateurs, when properly maintained, should last a gardener a lifetime.

Basically, secateurs operate in two different forms. Firstly there are the popular bypass blade models. These operate like scissors and are used for most garden pruning jobs. Secondly there are the anvil blade types in which the bottom blade morphs into a chopping block. This type are mainly used to cut old, hard, and dead wood.

Felco are considered by many to be the ‘Rolls Royce’ of secateurs and they are used professionally in the horticultural industry. They produce a wide range of secateurs to suit all pockets they also have variants within the bypass range which are as follows:Original simple bypass action with fixed handles.

Original simple bypass action with rotating handle.

To complicate matters a little there are various different handle sizes to suit different hand sizes, plus, there are left handed versions of some models.

Two top of the range secateurs worth considering are:-

Felco 100

£53.18 RRP These are cut and hold secateurs which I found I found particularly useful for pruning brambles out of a holly bush. you might recognise the problem with brambles intertwined with your prize shrubs - they are a devil to pull out by hand with the inevitable lacerations akin to a vicious moggy strike! The brambles extracted with the 100 came out with ease and were duly disposed of away from my working area. One word of advice though - these secateurs will only hold when cutting towards your body.

Bahco PX-Ergo £44.30 RRP These are Bahco’s flagship traditional secateur. Everything about this model feels right.

The build is what you would expect for this price and you feel that these secateurs will still be good when handed down to the next generation.

An intermediate choice for me would be the

Burgon and Ball Bypass Secateurs endorsed by the RHS £19.99 RRP These are a traditional secateur which look and feel like a traditional Felco model. They produce a good clean cut but I had to loosen the closing catch on my pair as it was very stiff to close. That aside may have been a fault on my particular model they are well worth the reasonable price.

If you have a lot of dead wood to prune a great choice would be the anvil-type

Wolf-Garten RSEN Secateurs

£12.99 RRP They are really well built and should last a good many years. I couldn’t say the same about the Wilko Anvil Secateurs which rrp at half the price at £6.50, they felt like they were overpriced at even that and I wouldn’t have fancied using them for more than a few minutes at a time.

I know that there are many gardeners out there who love their gardening tools to be stylish as well as practical and I’ve recently had the chance to try out two secateur models that do just that. Firstly there is the Niwaki Secateur which retail at nearly £70 and secondly the Sophie Conran Precision Secateurs at a modest £27.99 RRP. Both pairs are suited to the more delicate and flamboyant pruning work such as bonsai pruning and floristry work.

There we have it then. There is loads more information and choice online but, if you can, nip out to a well stocked garden centre and ask to handle a range of secateurs before you buy as different hand sizes and grip will detemine which secateurs are best suited to you personally.

www.countrygardener.co.uk

59

Stockists of Country Gardener Devon Country Gardener is available free of charge throughout the area at the outlets listed below where we have included postcodes to make it easier for you to find them. You’ll find those highlighted in green advertising in this issue.

For amendments to details or deliveries call Pat Eade on 01594 543790 email pateade8@gmail.com.

Ashburton Tourist Information Centre, TQ13 7QQ Ashford St John’s Ashford, EX31 4BW Axminster Axminster Garden Machinery, EX13 5GF Tourist Information Centre, EX13 5AH Burrow Farm Gardens, Dalwood, EX13 7ET Mole Avon, EX13 5PF Barnstaple Arlington Court NT, EX31 4LP Gardeners Delight Nursery, EX31 2PA Blakewell Water Garden Centre, Muddiford, EX31 4ET Castle Hill, Filleigh, EX32 0RQ Marwood Hill, Marwood, EX31 4EA St John’s Garden Centre, EX32 9DD Bideford Tourist Information Centre, EX39 2QQ Blackawton Gardentime, TQ9 7DE Bovey Tracey Parke NT, TQ13 9JQ Tourist Information Office, TQ13 9AW Bow Bow Aquatic & Garden Centre, EX17 6LA Braunton Countryside Centre, EX33 1AA Tourist Information Centre, EX32 8LN Bridford Teign Valley Nursery, EX6 7LB Brixham Brixham Library, TQ5 8EU Ula Interior Gifts, TQ5 8AW Buckfastleigh Buckfast Abbey Shop, TQ11 0EE Chagford Stone Lane Gardens (Mythic Garden) TQ13 8JU Chardstock Chardstock Stores, EX13 7BJ Chulmleigh Chulmleigh Newsagents, EX18 7BR Churston Ferrers Churston Ferrers Nursery, TQ5 0JT Greenway NT, TQ5 0ES Clovelly Clovelly Court Gardens, EX39 5TA

Clyst St Mary St. Bridget Nurseries, EX2 7JY Colyton Blackbury Honey Farm, Southleigh, EX24 6JF The Garden Shop, EX24 6PD Combe Martin Tourist Information Centre, EX34 0DH Crediton Crediton Garden Centre, EX17 2ER Edwin Tucker, EX17 1ER Garden Cottage Plant Centre Mole Avon, EX17 1HL Cullompton Mole Valley Farmers, EX15 1NU Dartington Patch & Acre Dartington Hall Gardens, TQ9 6EE Dartmouth Ash Tree Farm Nursery, Ashcross, TQ6 0LR Wild About Flowers, Ashcross, TQ6 0LR Fast Rabbit Farm, TQ6 0LR Drewsteignton Castle Drogo, EX6 6PB Dulford Thornhayes, EX15 2DF Dunkerswell Vigo Presses Ltd, EX14 4RD East Budleigh Bicton Agricultural College, EX9 7BY Exeter Bernaville Nurseries, Cowley Bridge, EX5 5EU Exe Valley Farm Shop, Thorverton, EX5 5LZ Killerton House NT, Broadclyst, EX5 3LE Radmore & Tucker, EX2 9RY St. Bridget Nurseries, EX2 7UY Orchard Nurseries, EX4 2HD Tourist Information Centre, EX1 1GF Exmouth Greenfingers, EX8 3LE King’s Garden Centre, EX8 5DZ Fairmile Escot Aquatic Centre, EX11 1LU Great Torrington RHS Rosemoor, EX38 8PH Hartland Docton Mill, EX39 6EA Hartland Abbey, EX39 6DT Holsworthy Mole Valley Farmers, EX22 6EE Honiton Combe Garden Centre, EX14 3PD

Haughty Culture, EX14 1PG Honiton Garden Centre, EX14 9TN Ilfracombe St James Dairy, EX34 9BJ Tourist Information Centre, EX34 9BZ Instow Tapely Park, EX39 4NT Ivybridge Countrymans Choice, PL21 9JL MST, PL21 9GL Kenton High Garden Nurseries, EX6 8NJ House of Marbles, EX6 8JE Urban & Rural Plants, EX2 8XT Kilkhampton D Bridgman & Son, EX23 9QZ Kilmington Millers Farm Shop, EX13 7RA Kingsbridge Kingsbridge Pet & Garden Centre, TQ7 1ED Kingswear Coleton Fishacre NT, TQ6 0EQ Landscove Hill House Nursery & Garden, TQ13 7LY Loddiswell Avon Mill Garden Centre, TQ7 4DD Milton Abbot Endsleigh Gardens Nursery, PL19 0PG Modbury Tourist Information Centre, PL21 0QR Musbury Musbury Post Office, EX13 8AX Newton Abbot Burnham Nurseries /Orchid Paradise, TQ12 6PZ Fermoy’s Garden Centre & Farm Shop, TQ12 5TN Mole Valley Farmers, TQ12 6RY Plantworld, TQ12 4SE Tourist Information Centre, TQ12 2RJ Okehampton Country Lanes Garden Centre, EX20 1QH Mole Avon, EX20 1QQ Tourist Information Centre, EX20 1HB Ottery St Mary Alfington Stores, EX11 1NX Cadhay, EX11 1QT Joshua’s Harvest Store, EX11 1NU McColls, EX11 1HD Otter Garden Centre, EX11 1LX Smile, West Hill Tourist Information Centre, EX11 1DB

Paignton Otter Garden Centre, TQ3 1SY Plymouth Fordbrook Nurseries, PL8 2FD Otter Garden Centre, PL8 2BH Plymouth Garden Centre, PL6 5NU Saltram House NT, PL7 1UH Shillingford Boyce’s Farm Shop, EX2 9QR South Molton Mole Valley Farmers, EX36 3LH Stockland Royal Oak Fruit Farm, EX14 9LF Talaton Talaton Village Stores, EX5 2RQ Tavistock The Pannier Market, PL19 0AL Whitchurch Post Office, PL19 9DQ Tiverton Herd & Sendell, EX16 5LF Knightshayes Court NT, EX16 7RQ Cove Garden Nurseries, EX16 7RU Tourist Information Centre, EX16 6PJ Topsham Darts Farm, EX3 0QH Torquay Cockington Court, TQ2 6XA Devon Garden Machinery, TQ2 7HX Torquay Reference Library, TQ1 3DT Totnes Potting Shed, TQ9 5RW Riverford Farm Shop, Staverton, TQ9 6AF Uffculme Old Well Garden Centre, EX15 3ES Umberleigh Millwood Plants, EX37 9ES Uplyme Uplyme Post Office, DT7 3UY Winkleigh Winkleigh Post Office, EX19 8HQ Withleigh Withleigh Nurseries, EX16 8JG Woolacombe Tourist Information Centre, EX34 7DL Woolsery Merry Harriers Nursery, EX39 5QH Yealmpton Growers Organics Plant Centre, PL8 2LT John Serpell & Son, PL8 2LF Yelverton Long Ash Garden Centre, PL20 7LL The Garden House, Buckland Monachorum, PL20 7LQ

Country Gardener Magazine Editorial Publisher & Editor: Alan Lewis alan@countrygardener.co.uk Tel: 01823 431767

Distribution Pat Eade pateade8@gmail.com Tel: 01594 543790

Time Off: Kate Lewis timeoff@countrygardener.co.uk

Advertising Sales Cath Pettyfer - Devon & Dorset Corina Reay - Cornwall & Cotswolds cath.pettyfer@countrygardener.co.uk corina@countrygardener.co.uk Tel: 01837 82660 Tel: 01823 410098

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Design & Production Aidan Gill aidan@countrygardener.co.uk Gemma Stringer gemma@countrygardener.co.uk

The Country Gardener magazines are distributed FREE at Nurseries, garden centres, National Trust Properties, open gardens, garden machinery specialists, country stores and farm shops in each county.

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored or made available in any form, without the written permission of the copyright holder and Publisher, application for which should be made to the Publisher. Unsolicited material: do not send or submit your only version of manuscripts and/or photographs/transparencies to us as these cannot be returned to you. While every care is taken to ensure that material submitted is priced accurately and completely, we cannot be responsible or liable for any loss or damage suffered. Views and/or opinions expressed in this publication do not necessarily represent those of Country Gardener or the Publisher.

60

Country Gardener

NOW F OR SOMETHING

READER’S STORY

completely different!

Somerset allotment holder Julie Williams lost her mojo growing vegetables in her plot so last year she started the search for new crops to try

Left to right; skirret roots; amaranth leaves; snake gourds; tomatillos; cucamelons

Another spring... another vegetable growing season.

A couple of years ago I think for the first time for a long while I was feeling less than enthusiastic about starting the seeds going.

I finally thought about it and chatted with my fellow allotment holders and we agreed I needed a new challenge.

I was less than motivated to grow the same old cropscourgettes, onions, potatoes, leeks, a few carrots, greens and a variety of beans. All lovely to grow but it was a bit repetitive and I am quite adventurous when it comes to eating. For some reason I hadn’t translated that to the vegetable crop.

My fault entirely.

So last year I looked for something different and it was great fun trying.

So what was my hit and miss ratio?

It was I must admit a bit of a gardening gamble when I planted oca tubers which are as easy to grow as potatoes and in their native Andes are used in the same way as spuds but with a lovely lemon flavour. I learnt that tubers don’t form until the autumn so you have to be patient but all in all a HIT. A friend said to me tomatillos are to salsa what potatoes are to chips. Related to cape gooseberries the green or yellow fruit is encased in a papery casing and you can use them just like a firm, tangy tomato. If you can grow tomatoes you can grow these and they form a bushy plant which doesn’t need supporting again a HIT. Amaranth is a spinach like plant which is a staple crop in Bangladesh and you can pick new leaves for salsa. I made a mistake here and should have found a variety adapted to our cooler conditions. Mine were clearly slowed down by the Somerset weather even last summer and although the plant grew strongly I can’t say anything more than this was a MISS.

Snake gourds are great fun to grow and put on a staggering amount of growth even in our cooler climate and they shot away on my allotment to the amazement of my ‘neighbours’.

It became a bit of a talking point and and Ian ‘next door’ swore blind he could see them growing! So they do need plenty of support but when harvested they taste like squash and the roots are delicious too and I used them regularly as an ingredient for curries. Another HIT. Skirret may have fallen out of fashion these days but in Elizabethan times it was a delicacy. You eat the finger-like roots, which look just like bunches of small parsnips: the flavour is so sweet you can eat them raw. It grows very tall, with pretty white flowers, and it’s perennial: leave some roots in the ground and they’ll re-grow into another plant next year. If you can grow parsnips and carrots you won’t have any trouble growing skirret, as they need just the same conditions. You do however need patience: it takes two years for plants to reach maturity and produce a crop. So they are looking good so far but the jury is still out.

Cucamelons I think are my favourites of the lot. They are cute, tiny and tangy fruit that looks like a mini watermelon and are easy to grow very fast growing and can be grown outdoors. I noticed also that butterflies love them. The not so good news is that they are not all that easy to find seeds for and are quite sour to taste Another HIT. What of the rest?

I tried Chinese artichokes which might not be very experimental for many allotment holders but they were for little old boring me and yacon, a wonderful handsome plant with yellow flowers which yielded a heavy drop of fat sweet tubers.

So what of my adventurous growing? I think I can safely say I have found my mojo when it comes to growing vegetables.

And I have confirmed that life is not all about potatoes and carrots after all.

www.countrygardener.co.uk

61

HOUSEPLANTS

for your health

Clockwise from top left: (Chylorophytum comosum) or Spider Plant; Peace Lily (Spathiphyllum sp.); Dwarf Date Palm (Phoenix roebelenii)

As well as looking good, houseplants are known to support our health in homes, offices, school and hospitals. New research is about to endorse how good they actually are.

They look colourful, decorative, and beautiful and can give any room a wow factor. But new research is about to support just how helpful houseplants they can be in improving air quality by trapping and capturing pollutants, and helping us breathe more easily.

They also provide a wide range of mental and physical health benefits.

Numerous scientific studies have explored this fact and the results are now shedding light on the matter. Indoor plants offer two main groups of benefits for us: improved mental well-being and physical health.

Stale indoor air can keep pollutants in the environment. In addition, new carpets, floors, and furniture give off chemicals such as formaldehyde, which we inhale. Additionally bioaerosols (i.e. fungal spores and bacteria) can add to indoor pollution.

Opening the windows and naturally ventilating indoor spaces can remedy some of these problems. However, during winter months when poor air quality indoors are at their highest, the air exchange rates are reduced (i.e. the windows/doors aren’t opened so much), and people spend more time inside.

There are no specific, scientifically-tested recommendations about what to grow to get the best air quality. However, it is possible to produce a list of those plants which are known to make things better. Now new NASA research in Wyoming in a five year project has found houseplants have a higher than expected effect on air quality.

This list of easy to grow foliage houseplants, which can be grown in homes, schools and offices, is a relatively long one.

Plants filter out particles in the air and also absorb carbon dioxide, replacing it with oxygen. Some plants filter more air than others, but here are a group of plants that filter the environment and are hard to kill.

62

• (Chrysanthemum morifolium) or POT CHRYSANTHEMUMS scored the best at filtering unwanted items out of the air such as ammonia, benzene, formaldehyde, and xylene.

• SPIDER PLANTS (Chylorophytum comosum) are one of the easiest plants to grow. The ‘mother’ plant grows baby plants where a bloom was on the plant. These can be cut off and planted in another pot. These plants are often grown in hanging baskets. Spider plants are especially good at filtering out formaldehyde and xylene.

• FICUS (Ficus benjamina) is also called the weeping fig. It is a tree in its native Asia, but when grow in a pot inside, grows from two to ten feet high. The ficus filters a lot of air because of its size. It filters out benzene, formaldehyde, and trichloroethylene.

• The PEACE LILY (Spathiphyllum sp.) blooms with a sweet scented bloom all summer. It is smaller than most plants, but still filters a lot of air. Peace lilies filter out ammonia, benzene, formaldehyde, and trichloroethylene. They are poisonous if eaten so keep them away from pets and children.

• SNAKE PLANT (Sansevieria trifasciata) is also called mother-in-law’s tongue. Keep it on the dry side and place it in the sun. It filters out benzene, formaldehyde, trichloroethylene, and xylene.

• ALOE VERA (Aloe vera) is a useful plant. The gel inside the leaves is a topical ointment that has antibacterial qualities. It also helps sooth burns. The plant filters out formaldehyde.

• Different palm trees are particularly good at removing formaldehyde. The best at doing that is called the DWARF DATE PALM (Phoenix roebelenii).

• RUBBER PLANTS (Ficus elastic) grow well in dim light.

Many offices do not have good light, but have lots of furniture held together with formaldehyde glue. A rubber plant is a good option in that environment.

Country Gardener

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VISIT ONE OF OUR GARDEN CENTRES TODAY - OPEN 7 DAYS A WEEK Old Rydon Lane, Exeter, EX2 7JY & Sidmouth Road, Clyst St Mary, EX5 1AE Monday-Saturday 9-5.30 Sunday 10.30-4.30 Bank Holidays 9-5 (Closed Easter Sunday)

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