Cotswolds Country Gardener June 2025

Cotswolds Issue No 216 JUNE 2025 FREE

www.countrygardener.co.uk

THE NEW PASSION FOR OLD ROSES Heirloom varieties are back in demand PLUS:

Honeysuckle heaven

Caring for our churchyards

In praise of beech trees

Better front gardens

How to water properly

Ellen Willmott - gardening’s bad girl

Looking after hedgehogs

Bountiful blackcurrants

Gardens open galore throughout June

M40 LEAMINGTON SPA A425 STRATFORD UPON AVON

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Farnborough Garden Centre B4100 M40

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Prepare for Summer AT THE GARDEN LOVERS GARDEN CENTRE A traditional garden centre that focusses on providing quality plants, garden products & giftware Open Six Days a Week: Tues-Sat: 9am - 5.30pm Sun: 10.30am - 4.30pm

On A423 Southam Rd, Nr. Farnborough, Banbury OX17 1EL

Also open Bank Holiday Mondays AQUATIC PLANTS * HANGING BASKETS * PATIO PLANTS

Tel: 01295 690479 www.farnboroughgardencentre.co.uk

Gardeners cuttings

in the Cotswolds

CUTTINGS

A LOOK AT NEWS, EVENTS AND HAPPENINGS IN YOUR AREA

VILLAGE GARDENS OPEN FOR THE NGS IN GLOUCESTERSHIRE The gardens at the popular and historic Cotswold hillside village of Blockley near Moreton-in-Marsh are opening for the National Garden Scheme, on Sunday, 22nd June from 1pm until 6pm.

There’s a great variety of high quality, well-stocked gardens - large and small, old and new. The delightful spring fed Blockley Brook flows right through the village and some of the gardens, including former water mills and millponds, and from some gardens there are wonderful rural views. Children welcome, but close supervision is essential.

Access to some gardens is quite steep.

Homemade teas at St Pond Cottage George’s Hall and at the allotments. Plants will be on sale and coaches are welcome. Dogs are not allowed in the gardens. Admission £10, children free. Blockley, Moreton-in-Marsh, Gloucestershire, GL56 9DB. POND COTTAGE, Breadstone, Berkeley, GL13 9HG is a new opening for the NGS on Saturday, 14th and Sunday, 15th June from 11.30am until 4.30pm, a three-acre plot surrounding a converted former agricultural building with two acres of informal meadow with naturalised bulbs/ wild flowers, an old orchard, many mature trees, a large natural wildlife pond, vegetable plot, rescue hens and an acre of formal mixed borders with enclosed courtyard containing Mediterranean plants and herb garden.

Open 11.30am to 4.30pm. Admission £6, children free. Home-made teas and visitors can bring a picnic. The garden can also be visited by arrangement - for more details go to the NGS website at www.ngs.org.uk For more gardens opening for charity go to page 32

APHIDS ON THE WARPATH WARNING ACROSS THE COTSWOLDS Aphids are plaguing gardeners this spring due to the warm weather, with higher numbers of the rose-killing bugs expected to thrive because of climate breakdown.

The sap-sucking insects have topped the ranking of gardener queries to the Royal Horticultural Society, with many of its 600,000 members having complained of dozens of aphids on their acers, roses and honeysuckle plants.

They thrive in warm, dry weather, exacerbated by climate breakdown. Additionally, they can be killed off by frost, and the change in weather patterns is making frost less regular.

Hayley Jones, the principal entomologist at the RHS, said: “Climate change and more pronounced warm spells in many parts of the country could be a boon for some of the 500 species of aphid found in the UK.” Aphids are also spreading to plants they never used to feed on in the UK. The RHS is calling on gardeners to support research into an aphid that has only recently affected buddleia, causing distinctive distortion to the leaves.

There are more than 500 species of aphid found in UK gardens, and they are commonly known as blackfly, greenfly and plant lice. They can be red, yellow, black, green, brown or pink insects and feed by sucking sap from plants.

SCULPTORS RETURN TO MISERDEN WITH NEW EXHIBITION The Garden at Miserden will be overflowing this summer with sculptures as the Cotswold Sculptors Association transforms it during its new summer exhibition, Creating Spaces — with this year’s showcase featuring work from guest sculptor, Ian Gill.

It runs from Wednesday, 4th June to Sunday, 3rd August.

There are also two special events scheduled including an artist demonstration session on Saturday, 14th June and a meet the artist day on Sunday, 20th July at no additional charge.

CHELSEA RAINFOREST GARDEN TO ARRIVE AT BRISTOL ZOO A rainforest garden which was displayed at RHS Chelsea Flower Show l is going to be housed at the Bristol Zoo Project.

The Wildlife Trusts’ British Rainforest Garden will be used as an educational space within the zoo after it had been shown at Chelsea.

It is due to open in October and feature boulders and fern-lined trails, with a canopy of native trees created from hazels, field maples and silver birch from the show garden.

Garden designer Zoe Claymore said: ‘The chance to educate the next generation of conservationist and gardeners is truly a huge honour”.

It will then be recreated and reimagined in Bristol to inspire a link back to historic rainforests and teach younger generations.

The garden will feature boulders, lush undergrowth, lichen-encrusted trusts, honeysuckle and ivy to bring the rainforest environment to life.

WESTBURY COURT VOTED THE BEST IN GLOUCESTERSHIRE Westbury Court Garden, near Coleford, has been selected in a national newspaper survey as the top National Trust property in the county. The site - which is located off the A48 - is one of the few surviving 17th-century Dutch water gardens in the UK. It has been restored to the way it would have been in its heyday, during the 1720s.

Westbury Court Garden, 7 Court Gardens, Westbury-on-Severn GL14 1PD

CIRENCESTER GARDENERS INVITED TO HELP WILDLIFE A Bring Life to Your Garden competition, launched by Cirencester wildlife group Wild Ciren, is set to encourage residents to help wildlife.

The contest, which runs from Monday, 5th May to Tuesday, 30th September, is inspired by the legend of Orpheus, who brought harmony to the natural world with his music.

Wild Ciren is encouraging individuals, schools, businesses and community groups to share their wildlife-gardening stories and initiatives.

These can range from planting pollinator-friendly flowers to creating hedgehog highways or simply appreciating nature in an urban setting.

Wild Ciren will be on hand to offer wildlife gardening tips at upcoming events, including the Big Lunch on Sunday, 22nd June, and Orpheus Day on Monday, 25th August.

What is one to say about June – the time of perfect young summer, the fulfilment of the promise of the earlier months and with as yet no sign to remind one that its fresh beauty will ever fade. GERTRUDE JEKYLL

I wonder what it would be like to live in a world where it was always June. L. M. MONTGOMERY

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Herbs, soft fruit & vegetable plants Cottage garden plants, shrubs & trees Plant, lawn & garden care products Specialist composts & decorative gravels Barrels, terracotta & glazed pots Specialist bird care products

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Open Mon-Sat: 9am-5pm Sun: 10am-4pm

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Old Court Nurseries & The Picton Garden The Michaelmas Daisy Specialists since 1906

Specialist nursery and beautiful 1.5 acre garden just waiting to be explored ORDER ONLINE or catalogue available by request.

Open Wednesday to Saturday 11am - 5pm Ferns – Much More Than Green: Join us on Saturday 21st June for this workshop.

Propagation, cultivation and using them in the garden will all be covered.

Includes a guided tour, as well as tea and cake. Price £20pp. Booking essential.

Also open 11TH JUNE and 9TH JULY for the National Garden Scheme

1st April to 30th September 1stApril Aprilto to 30th 30th September 1st September

1st April to 30th September

Contact: Info lineor01367 240932 or Contact: Info line 01367 240932 Info line 01367 240932 or Tel: 01684Contact: 540416 www.oldcourtnurseries.co.uk Contact: Info line 01367 240932 or www.buscotpark.com www.buscotpark.com for opening times.for opening times. www.buscotpark.com for opening times. www.buscotpark.com for opening times.

Old Court Nurseries, Walwyn Road, Colwall WR13 6QE

1st April to 30th September

4

Contact: Info line 01367 240932 or www.buscotpark.com for opening times.

Country Gardener

CUTTINGS

BRIDEWELL CHARITY GARDENS OPEN FOR THREE DAYS THIS SUMMER

NATIONAL TRUST HIDCOTE MANOR GARDENS SET TO CELEBRATE LONG SUMMER EVENINGS

A private garden dedicated to supporting people who have experienced serious mental illness can ‘completely transform lives’.

The charity Bridewell Gardens, in Wilcote near Witney, includes a walled garden and organic vineyard on more than six acres.

The site is looked after by people recovering from serious mental health issues, and is usually closed to the public.

The garden takes patients from across Oxfordshire and can cater for 16 gardeners each day.

Bridewell will also be open to the public this summer on 15th June, 6th July and 7th September.

The long summer evenings are to be a highlight at Hidcote Manor over the next few weeks as the arts and crafts inspired gardens open specially for evening visits and the chance to enjoy the evening light on blooms and borders.There are three high summer events -Golden Hours evening on Thursday 29th May from 6pm to 9m; a summer solstice celebration on Saturday 21st June from 6pm to 9pm and a family fun evening on Saturday 19th July from 6pm to 9pm. Booking is essential.

Hidcote Bartrim, near Chipping Campden, Gloucestershire GL55 6LR

RARE PLANT FAIR AT WATERPERRY GARDENS Rare Plant Fairs return to the iconic Waterperry Gardens, near Oxford, on Sunday, 8th June. Originally home to Beatrix Havergal’s famous School of Horticulture for Women, the teaching gardens have now been transformed into stunning ornamental gardens, including a rose garden, formal knot garden, a canal studded with waterlilies, and a 60m (200ft) herbaceous border. The fair is open from 10am to 4pm and adult admission, which includes access to the gardens, is £12.50.

There is a great selection of specialist nurseries attending the Fair, all of whom are experts in the plants they grow.

Visit www.rareplantfair.co.uk for full details, including a list of the exhibitors.

Waterperry Gardens, Waterperry, Nr. Wheatley, Oxfordshire OX33 1JZ

THE BEST WHEN IT COMES TO ROMANTIC GARDENS Cerney House Gardens is well known as a romantic, secret place in the Cotswolds, near to Cheltenham. Set around a Victorian walled garden, the gardens have been described as ‘what Romantic Cerney House Gardens most people aspire to in their gardens – and few achieve’. The late Lady Angus and her daughter Barbara developed the garden over the years with a lot of help from nature itself. Barbara had little garden experience when they first arrived but luckily Lady Angus had. When they viewed the property, it was the walled garden that they first fell in love with.The sensational gardens are open 364 days a year from 10am to 7pm ‘unless the Met Office weather forecast is bad.’

Cerney House, North Cerney, Cirencester GL7 7BX

WILDFLOWER GUIDED WALK AT WESTONBIRT A special wildflower guided walk offering the fascinating world of flowers and other flora can be enjoyed on three dates this summer at Westonbirt Arboretum which will uncover the many uses, stories and traditions associated with each one.

Each walk starts at 10.30am and lasts around two hours. Walks will take visitors off main hard paths, across grassy rides, over the downs and into Silk Wood. They may not be suitable for visitors with any mobility concerns. The walks are being held on Tuesday, 3rd June, Tuesday, 1st July and Tuesday 5th August.

Tickets on sale seven days in advance.

Dogs are not permitted on guided walks (except assistance dogs).

Westonbirt Arboretum, Tetbury GL8 8QS

£2.5K CASH GIVES SCHOOL NEW EDIBLE GARDEN Pupils at a Gloucestershire school have been getting familiar with a new edible garden and sensory space thanks to a £2,500 funding boost -and some volunteers. Greatfield Park Primary School in Cheltenham was given a helping hand after winning Severn Trent’s first NeighbourGood award.

Volunteers spent two days transforming an overgrown nature area into a vibrant educational space. The spot also includes a rope bridge and wildflower patch to provide hands-on learning for pupils.

CHILDREN’S GARDEN CONVERTED FROM EMPTY SPACE A garden for children to enjoy has been created at an Oxfordshire RAF station. RAF Benson, located in Ewelme south Oxfordshire, has transformed an empty space into a youth garden with help from a £10,000 grant from the Navy, Army, and Air Force Institutes Fund.

The RAF Benson Air Garden, located next to the community centre, offers young people the chance to plant seeds, grow fruit and vegetables, and learn about nature.

Children have been busy growing strawberries, peas, giant pumpkins, potatoes, tomatoes, and herbs.

NGS RETURNS TO BRISTOL BOTANIC GARDEN The National Garden Scheme open day returns to the Bristol Botanic Garden in July when visitors can see the famous garden in all its summer glory.

At the botanic garden there will be tours at 11.30am and 2.30pm, refreshments available to buy from Chandos Deli.

This is a fundraising event for charity, Friends of the Garden enter free, but a small donation to the NGS would be welcome.

University of Bristol Botanic Garden,The Holmes, Stoke Park Road, Stoke Bishop, Bristol BS9 1JG

ELKSTONE VILLAGE GARDENS OPEN DAY Visitors can enjoy the atmosphere of this historic Cotswold village on Sunday, 22nd June from 2pm to 6pm and see parts of it not accessible to the casual visitor. Amble through lovely, and varied, private gardens and enjoy the special village atmosphere. The Grade 1 listed Norman church, the highest in the Cotswolds, will be made extra special with glorious flower displays. Hear its wonderful peal of bells ring out and a community choir singing! All proceeds from the event go towards the upkeep of the church and the village hall.

For further information contact the organisers www.elkstonevillage.com

The JULY issue of Country Gardener will be available from Saturday 28th June Find your nearest stockist www.countrygardener.co.uk/magazine/stockists www.countrygardener.co.uk

PRESTBURY GARDENS READY TO OPEN AGAIN Following on from the huge success of Prestbury Open Gardens in 2023 a number of residents plan to open their gardens this year. There will be 19 gardens opening on 14th and 15th June from 1pm to 5pm.Extras this year include several stalls including willow weaving, vintage garden tools, plant supports, Marshfield Farm ice creams, an art exhibition at The Royal Oak pavilion, and a social media campaign.

Tickets in advance from the Dearly Pre-loved shop on Prestbury High Street or on the day from 1pm.

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READERS LETTERS

HAVE YOUR SAY...

If you have any thoughts, ideas or views you would like to share with Country Gardener readers then email us at editorial@countrygardener.co.uk

How foxgloves have saved my garden A SIGN OF THE TIMES I visited my dad’s allotment the other Sunday and saw this sign on the entrance. ‘Welcome to our allotment where the gardening season officially begins on 1st January and ends on 31st December'.

Olga Rankin Exeter

My rather neglected garden this spring has been saved by one thing - wild foxgloves. In amongst all the weeds there must be at least 100 of these wonderful digitalis purpurea plants spiralling up and some of them in flower in early May. They started appearing in February as tiny plants and I’ve been keeping my eye on them throughout the last few months. When we were growing up we were always told to beware of them as of course they are poisonous. Bees love to get inside the flowers and although a biennial if you just leave them they will self-seed as my garden bears testimony to.

Mary Preston Plymouth

Why reducing the size of your lawn is a must I have been reducing the size of my lawn over the past four years and I just wish I had started earlier. When we moved into the garden it was one big lawn which wasn’t in particularly good shape anyway.

I decided then the future was less lawn more garden but I was going to do it gradually, and a little at a time reducing the works in the long run. I now have many painted ferns, boxwoods, azaleas, camel grass, crape myrtles and six fruit trees in a 40x40 metre area that looks like a botanical garden. And considering that they are native plants, I only need to water weekly.

The garden takes less work - I garden only 30 min a day as I return from work. Slow and steady wins the race once you have less lawn.

Eric Hadden Ilfracombe Plant dill if you want to attract butterflies If any of your readers want to attract butterflies into their garden. I have the answer- plant the herb dill. Butterflies aren't just visually pleasing; they're important pollinators that contribute to the overall health of plants. The best plant that particularly attracts butterflies with its feathery and aromatic leaves is dill.

This culinary herb, often used to flavour dishes produces nectar-rich flowers that lure butterflies.

Specifically, the Black Swallowtail, often spotted around Devon, and the Anise Swallowtail butterflies are known to feed on dill leaves and lay their eggs on them to nourish caterpillars.

If you're considering adding dill to your garden keep the plants intended for pollination separate from herbs you intend to eat. Gina Turberry Bath

TEABAGS WILL HELP YOUR BASIL CROP Here's a trick my fellow allotment holders have been sharing for a couple of seasons now. It is all to do with our passion for growing herbs and specially basil. Basil is one of the easiest herbs to grow, but it needs a lot of warmth and you’ll get a crop which will help you in the kitchen all summer long.

This is one particular trick that some gardeners swear by. They grow basil by adding teabags into the soil. As they break down in the soil, used teabags release beneficial nutrients that can boost the health of basil plants, making them a fantastic natural fertiliser.

Steep the bags in hot water, let the liquid cool, and then utilise it as a mild liquid fertiliser. Andy Harris Burnham

Forced to ask the council to act on bonfires I have been asking my local Somerset council to ban people from having bonfires in their gardens, with the aim of reducing pollution. It would prevent burning household or garden waste outside, but would not apply to barbecues, domestic fire-pits and indoor wood burning, so I believe there is a lot of common sense in the proposal.

Bonfires in this part of Somerset have never been worse than in the last months of winter and early spring.

So I have been driven to this course of action. People are thoughtless and just don’t seem to appreciate what damage smoke can do.

A new by-law can take up to six months to establish, requires a public consultation and the outline of the by-law must also be approved by the Secretary of State.

The council must carry out studies of the borough's domestic wood burning emissions and an analysis on the impacts of outdoor fires on public health.

Under the Environmental Protection Act 1990, councils must investigate smoke complaints if it is considered a "statutory nuisance" which can lead to an abatement notice requiring it to stop or be reduced.

It is a shame it has come to this. Fran Peters Wellington

LONDON PRIDE APPEARS IN THE HERB GARDEN I am always amazed what appears in my garden – I presume brought in by birds. This spring for the first time we have got some London Pride or as I now know Saxifraga umbrosa. It got me doing a bit of research.

It is a very dainty and almost fragile thing and is said to have got its name when it started to appear on London bomb sites during World War II. It also featured in Noel Coward’s song of the same name which features the flower. So all in all I am looking after it, unaware of how it got here but proud to have it and hope it’s a permanent visitor.

Di Edmondson Minehead 6

Country Gardener

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Country Gardener

Heavenly honeysuckles These fabulously colourful plants, also known as woodbines provide the most powerful scent and are a magnet for wildlife.

With distinctive, bugle-shaped flowers giving off a powerful scent and lush foliage, it’s no wonder that honeysuckles are so popular amongst gardeners. Also known as woodbine, these woodland and hedgerow plants are vigorous climbers with clusters of scented flowers which attract bees and butterflies in summer followed by berries for the birds in the autumn.

They are a must for any garden arch, pergola or fence and often grow better on these than roses.

Climbing honeysuckles flower in summer, in shades of white, cream, lemon yellow, pink, orange and raspberry red. They’re perfect plants for an informal or cottage garden style, and look good combined with roses for a romantic display. They are also a magnet for wildlife.

The scent of their nectar-rich flowers attracts bees and butterflies during the day and moths at night – their colour changes slightly once pollinated.

Growing honeysuckle Grow climbing honeysuckles in moist but free-draining soil in partial shade, ideally with the roots in shade but the stems in sun, such as at the base of a west-facing wall or fence. Give them a sturdy frame to climb up, such as a trellis or wire frame.

Water plants in dry spells and feed with a general purpose fertiliser in spring.

Deciduous honeysuckles are best planted in late winter, evergreen honeysuckles in spring or autumn.

When planting any honeysuckle, dig in some well-rotted organic matter, such as garden compost or well rotted manure, into the soil before planting. Dig a hole that is the same size as the rootball, and plant at the same depth as the plant was in the pot. Firm in wall, water deeply and finally mulch with organic matter to help with water retention.

Many shrubby honeysuckles can be planted as cheaper, bare-root plants in autumn or winter. For a dense hedge, plant five small plants per metre.

Caring for honeysuckle Water all honeysuckles in dry spells in summer. Feed with a general-purpose fertiliser in spring to promote good growth and plenty of flowers.

Beware of the ‘rain shadow’ that can occur at the base of walls and fences, where rain doesn’t reach the soil.

Mulching around the base of climbing honeysuckles in spring with well-rotted manure or garden compost can help to retain moisture.

Honeysuckle pruning depends on the type of honeysuckle you are growing - climbing or shrubby.

Climbing honeysuckles Those that flower early in the summer should be pruned after flowering. Cut back by about one third to maintain a neat shape. Don’t remove the dying flowerheads as these will become berries. Those that flower later in the summer should be pruned lightly in spring. These flower on the current season’s growth, so don’t cut back too hard or you’ll risk losing the flowers.

Lonicera periclymenum ‘Scentsation’

Shrubby honeysuckles Deciduous shrubby honeysuckles can be pruned after flowering in late spring or summer. If your plant is very overgrown, you can cut it back hard in late winter or early spring.

Problem solving Honeysuckle aphid can be a real problem for climbing honeysuckles. Leaves become distorted and curled as the sucking insects feed on the plant. The aphids excrete honeydew, which then leads to sooty mould. Plants that are in poor health are more prone to infestation.

Honeysuckles can also be prone to powdery mildew – again, growing in partial shade can help prevent this, as can mulching around the base in spring.

Chosing your honeysuckle Lonicera periclymenum ‘Serotina’ is a vigorous, deciduous honeysuckle climber with scented, creamy-white flowers that are streaked with raspberry red. It holds the RHS Award of Garden Merit (AGM).

Lonicera periclymenum ‘Scentsation’, as its name suggests, has strongly scented flowers in shades of white and pale yellow, from midsummer to September.

Lonicera ‘Mandarin’ is a new variety with striking but unscented orange flowers from June to August. It is a vigorous, deciduous climber. The new foliage is a richbronze colour, before maturing to deep green. It holds the RHS Award of Garden Merit (AGM).

Lonicera periclymenum ‘Serotina’ www.countrygardener.co.uk

Lonicera ‘Mandarin’

Best honeysuckle for fragrance The scent of a honeysuckle’s flowers wafting through the air on a summer’s evening is something special. While many honeysuckles are scented, boasting delicate notes of vanilla, jasmine and orange blossom, some varieties are known to have a particularly fragrant aroma.

Both ‘Sweet Sue’ and ‘Heaven Scent’ could justifiably claim the title of being the best honeysuckle for fragrance, the sweet bouquet of their blooms leaving a lasting impression on the nose without ever being overpowering. If fragrance is your planting priority, grow your honeysuckle over a seating area pergola to make the most of the smell.

Best honeysuckle for wildlife The inviting trumpet shape and abundant nectar of the honeysuckle flower is known for attracting bees, butterflies (like the white admiral) and moths, while the autumn berries are a firm favourite of songbirds and dormice.

In fact, the Wildlife Trusts even go so far as to refer to honeysuckles as wildlife ‘hotels’, though we’re yet to see them produce any fancy mini toiletries we can pilfer, so the jury’s still out on that front.

Ultimately, most honeysuckles are good for wildlife, so you don’t need to worry too much about specific varieties, just know that, by getting a honeysuckle, you’re doing your bit to encourage more wildlife to visit your garden.

9

The old are

the best An old garden rose is defined as any rose which existed before the introduction of the first modern rose in 1867.

Alternative, old-fashioned, heritage or heirloom roses are the ancestors of today’s roses and are still grown for their delicate beauty and delicious perfume. Interest in them is now off the scale.

What is an old garden rose?

It is a rose being of a class in existence before 1867. This is the year a rose named ‘La France’ was introduced. La France is considered to the be the first hybrid tea rose and after that everything changed in the world of roses.

It is the offspring of the hybrid ‘Madame Victor Verdier’ with the tea rose ‘Madame Bravy’. What marked ‘La France’ as being different from other roses was the high centred blossom now associated with hybrid tea roses of today. The name hybrid tea in fact comes from a wedding of the classes of the parents of ‘La France’- a hybrid and a tea rose.

To grow old roses is to add richness to the garden when summer is at its peak. Liken growing them to adorning your house with genuine antiques, rather than modern reproductions. These are the originals, to whom many younger models owe their debt. True old roses bear just one flush of flowers rather than the two or three of many modern roses.

These old or heritage roses are now very much in demand and rose lovers believe them to be the only true classic rose. Demand has increased and their popularity increases year on year.

Old garden roses of European or mediterranean origin are once-blooming woody shrubs, with notably fragrant, double-flowered blooms primarily in shades of white, pink and crimson-red. The shrubs’ foliage tends to be highly disease-resistant, and they generally bloom only from canes (stems) which formed in previous years.

Class of roses also brings us to the other part of the definition of old garden roses. Modern roses refer to hybrid teas, floribundas, miniatures -all classes within the label “Modern Roses”.

It’s the same with old garden roses. Old garden roses are not a class of roses but rather a group of classes that fit one definition. That definition is the class was in existence before 1867.

What are the classes of roses that make up old garden roses? There are a lot but generally they fall into two subclasses, antique and old roses.

Old roses are those found in Europe before the very late 10

1700s and antique roses. Antique roses are those who can trace part of their ancestry back to R. chinensis (The China Rose) which was the first true repeat blooming rose known in the west and was not introduced to Europe until around 1792.

Old roses for the most part do not repeat bloom and antique roses for the most part do. Why? Because of the influence of R. Chinensis into breeding programs.

With this repeat blooming ability roses forever changed, Antique roses were born.

They are still widely available and passionate rose growers insist their quality in unsurpassed, disease resistant, powerfully scented and with huge blooms.

Old fashioned roses to drool over

1800s and are so-called because they are said to have at least 100 petals. Rather crudely called the ‘cabbage rose’ because of the size of the many-petalled flowers, it has a rich scent that has delighted gardeners for centuries.

Blooms are borne on long stems, making them good for cutting, although the joy of seeing an established specimen in full bloom may make it hard to sacrifice any flowers. Known as the apothecary’s rose, and the oldest widely available rose.

Rosa gallica ‘Versicolor’ One metre tall and wide, this classic rose has the novelty factor for its masses of striped ‘raspberry ripple’ effect blooms, which look far too modern to be on a plant mentioned in Thomas Hanmer’s Garden Book of 1650, where he states that it was ‘first found in Norfolke a few years since.’ A real eye-catching feature when in full bloom.

Rosa centifolia Gertrude Jekyll said of this cabbage rose that ‘it stands alone as the sweetest of all its kind, as the type of the true rose smell.’ The Centifolia roses date from around the Country Gardener

Rosa ‘Comte de Chambord’ This has true old rose character. Dating to 1860, its prickly stems bear full pink flowers with a strong and delicious fragrance from summer into autumn.

“Pruning a heritage old rose bush is not unlike giving a home haircut to a small child: you do the best you can, secure in the knowledge that if it turns out odd-looking, new growth will quickly hide your mistakes.” - Liz Druitt, The Organic Rose Garden

Rosa ‘Alba Semiplena’ This is the rose for those craving elegance and simplicity in the garden. The near-single flowers are highly scented and have been used for the production of attar of rose, the fragrant rose oil . It makes a large garden shrub, that can reach two metres tall, and established plants will be covered in clusters of flowers in early summer. It is possible that this rose is the original white rose of York, the heraldic symbol adopted by the House of York during the Wars of the Roses in the 15th century.

Rosa ‘Variegata di Bologna’

Rosa ‘Madame Hardy’

Raised in Italy in at the end of the 19th century, this tall, lax rose can be grown as a shrub or a climber, its creamy white flowers striped and splashed with raspberry red.

The flowers are very fragrant, with a rich, fruity old-rose perfume and the rose can reach two metres tall.

Grown in British gardens for nearly 200 years, this is a tall damask rose full of opulence, fragrance and blowsy abundance. The double blooms are gently frilled, manypetalled and strongly scented – a hallmark of the damask roses – with a fruity, lemon perfume. The flower buds are fringed with fern-like growth and foliage is exceptionally healthy. When fully open, the blooms display a prominent green eye in the centre. It is a superb rose for adding a fresh feel to the garden in early summer, it will create an ethereal scene if planted among cow parsley.

Rosa ‘Roseraie de l’Hay’

Rosa ‘William Lobb’ The purple flowers of the especially desirable moss rose have a rich perfume and are borne in clusters. The petals fade to a mysterious mauve and grey as they age and the flowering stems and buds are shrouded in a frothy ‘moss’.

Growth is lax but this can be overcome by inserting a plant support when the plant is young, or training it as a climber, so the exquisite blooms are displayed at their very best.

If scent is the most prized asset of a rose, then this robust shrub, introduced in the mid-1800s, should be top of the wish-list. There are prettier old roses on the market, but on breathing in the sweet scent of these large, hot-pink blooms, all is forgiven. A hybrid of R. rugosa this rose assures the gardener of strong growth (even on light soils), clean foliage in summer and the welcome autumn bonus of attractive hips. This is the perfect starter plant for those who are new to old roses.

Rosa ‘Ispahan’ This is the first old rose to mark the start of a new season of roses. This damask rose is frilly, loosely shaped with pink flowers and a very stong fragrance. It grows to two metres and will add masses of flowers at the back of a border.

The art of pruning old roses

Rosa ‘Tuscany Superb’ A wonderful choice for those craving intense summer colour, this has an exceptionally rich colouring that is typical of the Gallica roses. These flowers have a loose frilliness, with cheerful buttercup-yellow centres creating a contrast to the silky, reddish-purple petals. The Gallica roses are known for being stout, bushy plants, but this one is a particularly strong grower reaching two metres tall and suited to being planted at the back of a border.

When in doubt, the best policy for old roses is to do nothing. Old garden roses don’t need or like the kind of heavy pruning that is beneficial to modern Hybrid Tea roses. The primary goal is to remove dead, weak, or sickly plant material that can drain the energy of the plant, without ruining the shape.

Remove all spindly growth and any shoots skinnier than a pencil.

Thinning superfluous growth increases sunlight and air circulation to the centre of the plant, creating a drier environment that is less hospitable to fungal infections. It also stimulates new cane growth, which brings new flowers.

The only really hard and fast rule that applies to old rose pruning is: prune immediately after flowering. This means that if a rose blooms only once a year, it should be pruned right after the flowers have finished. But try not to overdo summer pruning, since it can result in loss of too much sap.

Pruning old roses - when in doubt - do nothing

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Warley Place, in Essex, Ellen Willmott’s home for almost 60 years

Paeonia obovata var. willmottiae

Ellen Willmott

WAS GARDENING’S ‘BAD GIRL’?

by Vivienne Lewis She just couldn’t stop adding to her collection of plants in her sumptuous gardens, but after winning major horticultural medals and prizes the heiress who went through a fortune died almost penniless and alone Ellen Willmott was an extraordinary character, born in 1858 to a wealthy family. They moved to Warley Place in Essex in 1876, and Ellen inherited a fortune from her godmother in 1888. She went on a spending spree - buying plants for Warley Place’s garden, on the restoration of a garden in France, and then another garden in Italy. At one point she was employing 100 gardeners at Warley Place, taking photographs of them in their smart uniforms every year.

She was proud, bossy, and authoritarian, with a reputation for meanness, and not giving her gardeners good references if they tried to leave. She even had trip wires put in her daffodil fields against any intruders bent on picking them, and had a loaded revolver in her handbag in case of attack.

But she was the type of intelligent, wealthy woman who could through her forceful personality, class, and knowledge break into the predominantly male horticultural world.

She was the first woman to be elected to the Linnaean Society; Ellen and that other great plantswoman, Gertrude Jekyll, were the only female recipients of the Royal Horticultural Society’s Victoria Medal of Honour when it was instituted in 1897. She was active on various RHS committees and at the age of 75 was still a member of the Floral Committee and the Lily Committee.

She was also a great sponsor of plant hunting expeditions, helping to sponsor Ernest ‘Chinese’ Wilson on his exploration of south west China at the turn of the 19th century but she named the plants grown from seeds he brought back after herself. She did, though, become famous for her ability to nurture rare species, employing top gardeners who were given time to produce results.

The beginnings of an extraordinary lifetime in gardening

Ellen Willmott became one of the great gardeners of her time 12

Ellen’s mother and sister Rose were keen gardeners, but it was Ellen Ann who really transformed the grounds of Warley Place into one of the most celebrated gardens in the country. Her father died in 1892 and her mother in 1898, and with her sister Rose having married into the Berkeley family in 1891 and moving to Spetchley Park, near Worcester, in 1897, Ellen was left the inheritor of Warley Place and its extensive estate.

Years before that, in 1882 Ellen, at 24 years of age, started on her new alpine garden at Warley Place. It was a major undertaking, involving building a ravine with a stream running along it and a special cave for her filmy ferns. The ravine and the massive rocks exist to this day, but sadly there is no sign of the original plants.

Her first love were daffodils, then primulas and roses. She eventually had more than 100,000 varieties of plants at Warley Place and she won four consecutive Royal Horticultural Society gold medals for her daffodils.

In 1890 Ellen bought a chateau near Aix-les-Bains in France, again spending lavishly on the house and garden. In 1905 she bought a garden in Italy, La Boccanegra near Ventimiglia. Ellen is quoted as saying that ‘my plants and gardens come before anything in life for me, and all my time is given up to working in one garden or another.’

In 1909 she published Warley Garden in Spring and Summer; she took up photography and it contains her own photographs of drifts of daffodils and spring flowers, and the luxuriant summer herbaceous borders. She commissioned the artist Alfred Parsons to make 132 drawings for two-volume Genus Rosa, which unfortunately was a publishing disaster.

Disaster looms But with investments losing their value and her colossal over-spending, she was forced to take out mortgages and to sell family treasures including valuable Amati and Stradivarius violins - the family were very musical. Even as far back as 1907, the French chateau was badly damaged by fire. It was uninsured, but Ellen spent lavishly on rebuilding and restoration, having to take out a mortgage on it.

During World War I the army took over the Warley Place estate, and ruined the rose collection. Eventually the wonderful garden she had spent so much money on, became a wilderness. She was even falsely accused of shoplifting. Becoming more paranoid, as she aged, the loaded revolver kept in her handbag in case of attack.

Ellen was helped by her family and friends but she died alone and almost penniless in September 1934. Gertrude Jekyll called her the greatest of living gardeners. Some obituaries were kinder than others, as she had not endeared herself generally to people.

Many of the rarer plants were removed to her sister’s family at Spetchley Park to be cared for by the Berkeley family in that lovely garden.

The house was sold and permission sought to turn it into a luxury housing estate.

This didn’t materialise and the house was demolished in 1939, the garden reverting to a wilderness. It was leased from the grandson of the 1939 purchaser to the Essex Naturalists’ Trust (later Essex Wildlife Trust) in 1977 and has gradually been brought up to its present standard as a nature reserve, but still retaining as many as possible of the features of the original garden.

Ellen Willmott’s name and her remarkable story lives on in the many plants named after her.

Warley Place Warley Place, Warley Road, Great Warley, Brentwood CM13 3HU is open every day during daylight hours. The 25-acre reserve is now maintained as a nature reserve by Essex Wildlife Trust. There are some spectacular flowers to be enjoyed throughout the year, especially in the spring.

Country Gardener

JOBS FOR THE MONTH

JOBS IN THE June garden

Some of the plants named after Ellen Willmott • Narcissus ‘Ellen Willmott’ • Primula willmottiae • Rosa willmottiae • Tulipa willmottiae • Willmott’s willmottiae and warleyensis cultivars such as Veronica prostrata ‘Warley Blue’ • Ceratostigma willmottianum • Aethionema ‘Warley Hybrid’, Syringa vulgaris

Rosa willmottiae

• Potentilla nepalensis ‘Miss Willmott’ • Campanula pusilla ‘Miss Willmott’ • Syringa vulgar ‘Miss Ellen Willmott’ • Lilium davidii var. willmottiae • Iris warleyensis • Paeonia obovata var. willmottiae • Epimedium x warleyense

Lilium davidii var. willmottiae

There’s something joyous about a June garden. Annuals and perennials are bursting with colour and interest and, for many gardeners, this is the best month for blooms. Flowers are starting to appear in abundance and the harvest has started in the kitchen garden. Keep on top of supporting your plants and keep an eye out for cold nights at this time of year, as some plants will still need protection.

It’s also a time to prune, mow and weed, as natural growth starts to run riot. And don’t forget to water. Watering in the hotter months is always best done in the morning or evening to avoid scorching plants in the heat of the day. Keep tubs and planting containers well-hydrated too, even in rainy weather, as much of the water runs from the leaves over the side.

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Eryngium giganteum ‘Miss Willmott’s Ghost’ - the plant probably most linked to Ellen Willmott Sea hollies make a bold statement in a sunny border or gravel garden. ‘Miss Willmott’s Ghost’ is named after Ellen Willmott as she liked to secretly scatter seeds of Eryngium giganteum ‘Miss the plant in other people’s gardens. The RHS plants Willmott’s Ghost’ website states that the name could equally apply to the plant’s appearance, with its ruff of large, prickly, steely-grey bracts that shine a ghostly silver in the sun, and it adds that the marbled, heart-shaped foliage is attractive too, and shown off to best effect planted in gravel, or in bold clumps among grasses, perfect for use in dried flower arrangements; the variety is biennial, but self-seeds freely.

Ellen Willmott’s garden in France Ellen Willmott’s chateau in Tresserve, near Aix-les-Bains, France is now the Mairie (town hall) of Tresserve and is largely much as it was in Ellen Willmott’s day. It is preserved by the Association pour la Sauvegarde du Patrimoine de Tresserve and one of their members, Geneviève FriehGiraud, has written a book, La Mairie de Tresserve, about the building and its owners. She concentrates mostly on Ellen Willmott, and her material is based on original research both in France and in Britain. More details can be found on the Essex Wildlife Trust website at www.essexwt.org.uk and following the links.

If you want to read more about this extraordinary horticulturist, there’s Miss Willmott of Warley Place: Her Life and Her Gardens by Audrey Le Lievre and Miss Willmott’s Ghosts: The Extraordinary Life and Gardens of a Forgotten Genius by Sandra Lawrence.

Give your plants some urgent support

Many border plants will need support to help them to perform best.

The key is to do this early on so they grow through and around the frame you are using, giving them a more natural look.

Taller, more fragile, herbaceous plants, such as delphiniums and peonies, are best suited to metal link stakes, which come in various heights and link together to strengthen the support they offer. Often green in colour, these blend in and do not detract from the glorious blooms above.

Annuals like sweet peas, like to climb on branches of hazel or silver birch woven into artistic structures.

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Plan for your tulip harvest next spring

Tulips can be kept in the soil all year round to reflower the following year, but you may find they don’t put on as much of a display and may be shorter and have smaller flowers than previously. To prevent this, it’s important to ensure as much energy as possible from the leaves is returned to the bulbs. Deadhead plants after flowering to stop them wasting energy on producing seed (the exception to this rule is for species tulips, which should be left to develop seed and naturalise around your garden). Don’t cut back foliage until it has turned yellow, which will be about six weeks after flowering.

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Sow fast-growing annuals

There’s still just enough time to sow fast-growing annuals to flower this year. Choose from clarkia, Virginia stock, candytuft and calendula (pot marigold) to fill empty spaces. They should flower within 10 to 12 weeks.

Most bedding plants will last all summer if you look after them. Don’t let them dry out, especially if they’re planted in containers and hanging baskets. If you want value for money, look for bedding plants that flower from May or June right into autumn. Bedding plants that flower for the longest time include cosmos, begonias and geraniums. Check the plant label for flowering times when you buy.

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Time to sow sweetcorn There’s still time to sow sweetcorn seed in small pots or modules in June and plant out into rich, moist soil in a sunny spot, when all risk of frost is passed. Sweetcorn is wind pollinated so plant in blocks, rather than rows.

Water plants regularly, and consider mulching around the base of each plant to lock moisture into the soil.

Harvest the sweetcorn cobs when the silky tassels turn brown and the kernels, when pressed with a thumbnail, exude a milky liquid.

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Watering is a key task

Watering the garden is one of the most important gardening jobs to do in June. You should focus on anything that you have recently planted in your borders and containers and hanging baskets. It is better to water borders thoroughly once a week than a splash of water every day. However, containers need watering at least once a day. Ensure that the water is directed at the soil rather than on the plant leaves to avoid scorching, which will damage the plant.

Filling in the June gap

Most spring flowers have come and gone, leaving gaps in your borders. So, if you’re in need of a splash of colour then dahlias maybe the answer. There’s no end to the choice of colour, shape and size available. Easy to grow, they will continue to flower right up to the first frost.

However, if you want a bloom that truly captures the season, then nothing says ‘summer’ better than a vibrant sunflower.

They can be sown directly into the soil, where they will quickly germinate and grow.

7 Taking softwood cuttings June is the perfect month to take softwood cuttings from lavender, forsythia and fuchsia.

Take 10cm cuttings from the tips of your chosen shrub, making a sharp horizontal cut just below a pair of leaves, and remove any lower set of leaves or buds.

Fill a small pot with gritted compost, and push the cuttings in, parallel to the side of the pot.

Space cuttings equally, water and place in a greenhouse or warm windowsill.

If your lavender is flowering, then take cuttings and bring indoors. Simply bunch together, tie and suspend somewhere where you can enjoy its fragrance.

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Look out every day for pests

Pests and diseases will be at their worst, so keep a lookout. If you’ve been growing lilies, check foliage for the dreaded lily beetle, and if found remove and dispose accordingly. Red mite may start appearing in greenhouses, so it’s a good idea to dampen down the paths each day to deter them, and keep doors and windows open for plenty of ventilation.

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Think about autumn planting

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Don’t forget your pots

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Tending tomatoes Whether you’re growing cordon or bush varieties, your plants will be taking on a lot of growth and producing trusses. Pinch out side-shoots, and ensure your plants are secure, and cordon tomatoes are tied in.

With flowers on the plant, this is the time to start giving your tomatoes a weekly potash feed to encourage the fruit to swell. This also applies to peppers, aubergine, and chilli plants.

Take cuttings of dianthus Dianthus are very popular plants due to their spicy clove scent. June is a good time to take cuttings of these plants. Take the cuttings from young non-flowering shoots cutting about five leaf pairs from the tip.

Pull off the bottom pair of leaves and place the cuttings round the edge of an 8cm pot filled with compost. Water in gently and keep in a shady place. Do not cover as the cuttings may go mouldy.

It’s hard to fathom, but in a few months, autumn will be here, so consider sowing some of those autumn plants, such as pansies and polyanthus.

Simply sow seeds onto a tray of fine compost, water and cover lightly. Then place in your greenhouse. Check tray regularly to ensure germination has occurred, and don’t let seedlings dry-out.

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Don’t allow black, red, or white currants to dry out during warm weather or your crop will be spoilt. Water every seven days, depending on the weather. Water potted plants before the compost dries out.

Tidy up early fruiting strawberries. After you have picked the last fruit, cut back foliage to about two inches, exposing fresh leaves. Give plants a boost with a general-purpose fertiliser.

Apple crops can be ruined by codling moth caterpillars tunnelling through the fruit. Reduce damage by hanging pheromone traps in trees to lure away male moths.

Protect fruit bushes from birds by covering them with netting.

Feed fuchsias, petunias, and any other flowering plants with a fertiliser once a week to boost flowering. start feeding when you notice buds forming on the plants and continue until the plants run out of steam in early autumn.

Give tuberous begonias a boost by removing female flower buds to allow the plant to put all its energy into producing attractive male flowers.

Female flowers are easily recognisable, as the blooms are single, smaller, and less showy.

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Action on the fruit front

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YOUR QUESTIONS ANSWERED

Garden advice for June The gardening advice being sought this month ranges from winter damage to trees to spring bulbs and readers needing help on watering and compost. If you have any question you need answering email editorial@countrygardener.co.uk

How often should we replace the soil in garden pots?

I purchased a five-foot umbrella pine last year. I wrapped it in bubblewrap this winter to protect it from frost and winds but most of it is now brown. The tips are green. The brown needles are not falling off yet and they are still flexible.

I live in Dorset and really love this plant I want to know if it will ‘re-green’ up. I have done some research and can’t find an answer.

Helen Down Christchurch If the branch tips are green your umbrella pine (Pinus pinea) may be OK as they are tough trees.

The brown needles will unfortunately never re-green themselves as the tissue is dead; you will have to rely on the branches sprouting new shoots. It’s normal for stone pines to hold on to their brown needles for a while before dropping.

Hopefully by summer your pine tree will show new signs of growth.

Keith and Paula Gordon Bristol Eventually, container plants need to be moved to a bigger pot, which should be done in early spring.

You usually have about three months’ worth of usable food for your plant in your compost.

To add fresh compost to your container, first remove a little of the old compost. Then replace a third of the existing compost with fresh. When repotting isn’t required, remove five cm of old compost from the top, and replace it with fresh.

As a relatively new gardener I am bemused about how much water I should give my plants and I am always reading how damaging too much or too little water can be. Is there any simpler rules to follow?

Faye Morgan Minehead The simple answer is, most plants need about an inch of water per week, considering all sources of water. So, if that’s rainfall great, that’s it. But usually, you’re supplementing the rainfall with your own watering. But who really measures an inch when you’re out there supplementing? Not many. Just keep an eye on the soil moisture. You just want even moisture. You don’t want it to be too wet; you don’t want it to be bone dry. Your plants will show you they’re unhappy, and you’re going to have to come up with your way to know that your plants are getting enough water.

The best time to water is either early in the morning, so the plants have time to take up the water before the stresses of the day come on, or late in the day, when there is less heat stress and less evaporation. Either way, get the water to the soil and roots without getting any of the foliage wet.

How do I know if my plant needs repotting, and how do I do it?

May Johnson

Plymouth The distress signal of the ill-accommodated plant takes numerous forms (although a few can be symptomatic of inadequate light levels and root rot), and include wilt, quick-drying soil and roots creeping out from the drainage hole, if your pot has one. Yellowing may also occur when insufficient or “tired” compost leads to a lack of available nutrients. To repot, edge around the pot with a trowel before transplanting into a larger container preprepared with fresh compost. A good rule is to bump up pot sizes incrementally: a small plant in a large container leads more quickly to rot, with soil remaining soggy where roots cannot yet reach it.

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Is there a rule of thumb on sowing seeds? Do we use seed trays and ‘prick out’ or plugs and then pot on?

Also do I need to vermiculite or just use the compost to cover them?

Anna Moore Barnstaple If you are sowing larger, quick growing seeds such as sunflower, sweet pea, marigold, and calendula for example, then you can get away with sowing them straight into cells in late spring and early summer.

Because these seeds germinate and grow quickly, then they will need the space provided by a plug much sooner than smaller seeds would, and they will not be at such a risk of rotting.

Most other seeds will be best started in seed trays. Many need light to germinate so it is important to read the sowing instructions carefully. As a rule of thumb however, you can cover the seed with a sprinkling of vermiculite that is roughly equal to the depth of the seed, i.e larger seed can have a good sprinkling, while very tiny seed probably won’t need any at all .The only other point is to follow the sowing instructions on the pack as some seed do have very particular requirements.

How do I know what soil combination to use in my new garden? We want to grow vegetables and shrubs and be as organic as we can be.

Sammy Walker Painswick There will be a different answer for each individual garden based on where you live, depending on the soil in the garden or what you have available to fill your beds with, each space can be so different. Does your soil feel clay-like? Is it rocky? Is it depleted of nutrients? Does it need compost added? Should I make my own compost? What can I add to my soil to make it more nutrient-rich?

But you don’t have to over-think it. Over time (especially in raised beds) it’s good to either test your soil, or add organic compost such as rinsed egg shells, saw dust, peat moss, hay, leaves from your garden, or even just purchasing some soil activator. You must at every stage test your soil with a small test kit..

The top six inches of your soil is the most important in gardening, especially in raised beds. So, if you are needing to save a bit of money, fill your bed with clean soil, and then make sure the top is filled with composted or more nutrient-rich soil, not old pot container soil, sand, or soil that is depleted.

Country Gardener

I have spent a lot of money over the last five or six years on planting daffodil and tulip bulbs. The displays this year have been fantastic but I want to make the most of what I have now and not spend any more money. Is there a set of rules to follow to make sure they keep up the standard of displays?

Maggie Horton Poole You are right in what you suggest which is spring bulbs need a lot of after care if they are going to continue to be at their best season after season. Snip off the dead heads of the flowers as they go over.

That means they will concentrate all their efforts on creating next year’s flowers in the bulb.

Many gardeners also recommend adding a liquid feed at this point.

If you mulch your soil regularly it should be quite fertile already, but extra fertiliser does lead to more flowers, so I think this is a question of personal preference. If you have a very dry spring, then water your bulbs from about three weeks before flowering to a few weeks afterwards. That will help next year’s flowers.

The other thing you should do – every three to four years – is to dig up over-crowded clumps of daffodils. Divide them up and replant some of them where they were and some elsewhere. This means more daffodils for free and it also helps stop daffodils going ‘blind’ or not flowering. It is now accepted that tie-ing up daffodil foliage is damaging and means fewer flowers next year. Leave the leaves to go brown and die back naturally.

We have just moved form a city centre flat in Bristol to the Devon countryside and to a large country garden. Are there any first steps you would recommend for city gardeners with limited space who would love to create a welcoming habitat for wildlife?

Jackie Redburn Dawlish Whatever your space you can help wildlife. On balconies and roof gardens you can grow Mediterranean herbs in pots and let them flower for pollinators, leave a dish of water for passing birds and small mammals to drink from. If you have a larger garden then grow flowers but if you have space add in a few native shrubs and ‘weeds’ that moths will lay their eggs on.

A pond is one of the best wildlife investments you can make as it will more than likely attract aquatic invertebrates and frogs while a patch of long grass will help beetles and moths, which are food for many species further up the food chain.

Taken alone, your garden won’t do much but linked with other gardens it will become part of a much wider, wilder landscape, which will help huge numbers of species.

I have worked hard to try and grow an avocado tree. It now has tiny fruit but no flowers. Is this typical for such a specialist tree. It’s about three years old.

Pauline Trenton Bath It is true that you need to be very patient with growing avocados. It is possible that what has happened is that some of the flowers were pollinated, then dropped. This is on the early side of producing fruit, and it will pick up in a couple more years to get to the fruit staying on the tree.

I was listening to ‘Gardener’s Question Time’ on the BBC the other week when a question came up about tomato suckers.

I was amazed to hear the advice was you can leave them and don’t always have to pinch them out. I thought pinching out side shoots was one of the great must do’s in vegetable gardening.

Walter Cruise Torquay What to do about tomato suckers is also among the popular gardening questions this time of year. A sucker is that little shoot that comes out between the main stem and the side branch at a 45-degree angle. So, the question is, do you pull those off? And here again, you get people on both sides of the fence: Yes, you pull it off because it’s going to detract from the energy that the plant needs. And no, you don’t, because you’re cutting down on the overall production. The best choice is whatever works for you.

Each sucker that emerges on your plant is going to become a fruit-bearing branch of its own. That can be a good thing if you have room for those branches without sacrificing light and air circulation.

Light and air circulation are super important because tomatoes are so susceptible to various diseases, and one of the ways that you can minimize that is to provide plenty of sunlight and air circulation.

Cutting off suckers on a caged tomato plant, which has little room to spread, is usually the way to go. But your plants may be also trellised with plenty of room to grow. You can also choose a hybrid method — don’t take them all nor leave them all. Assess every plant in real-time and remove the suckers that lack the trellising or cage space to support them.

Why are my tulips so short? It seems to happen a lot and is very disappointing considering how expensive the bulbs are.

Nic Vine Exmouth This is one of the most asked spring gardening questions. And that’s because we’ve had another dry spring this year. The dry soil doesn’t allow for the sheer growing power of the bulbs – hence they get stunted. So generally, tulips are shorter this year than in the past and Princess Irene in your photograph is definitely supposed to be taller. If you want your tulips to have maximum size and performance, then water them about three weeks before they’re about to flower and that should give them a growth spurt.

I have some well-established hydrangeas which have always done well but over the last year or two have started to fade.

I haven’t really pruned them but wonder if after this summer I need to do something.

Davine Paxman Taunton Most pruning of hydrangeas is carried out in late winter or early spring. However, climbing hydrangeas are pruned after flowering in summer.

Although the blooms on mophead hydrangeas can, in mild areas, be removed as soon as they have faded, it is best to leave them on the plant over winter to provide some frost protection for the tender growth.

A bud is a small, undeveloped shoot that contains the potential for new growth. Buds are typically found on stems, where they can be apical (found at the tip) or axillary (found between leaf axils) and may develop into leaves, shoots or flowers.

Remove the dead flowerheads in early spring, cutting back the stem to the first strong, healthy pair of buds down from the faded bloom.

Lacecaps are hardier, and the faded flowerheads can be cut back after flowering to the second pair of leaves below the head in order to prevent seeds developing, which saps energy from the plant. www.countrygardener.co.uk

17

READER’S STORY

HEDGEHOGS

in crisis

Anna Coulson works for a county wildlife trust and spent a week going round Devon schools talking about the threats to hedgehogs. She ended the week of talks even more worried about what needs to be done.

I’ve been passionate about hedgehogs since I was a teenager -maybe even before that.

It is part of the reason I chose to get a job after university with a wildlife trust because I wanted to do something positive about wildlife which I care very much about.

I read your magazine every month and it has helped me become a better gardener.

I wanted to write to you as I have just completed a week of talks and lectures at schools throughout Devon talking to primary and secondary schoolchildren about hedgehogs and trying to inject in young people the enthusiasm, I had from an early age for them.

The talks were all part of Hedgehog Awareness week held in early May. I am afraid I finished the talks being concerned still about how little we are doing to look after these animals. Hardly any of the children we talked to had seen a hedgehog in the wild. Not many of them knew there was a problem. So there is a lot to do Industry experts estimate that hedgehog numbers have been decimated in the last 20 years, and, sadly, new research indicates that millions of Brits have never had the privilege of seeing a hedgehog in the wild. To help raise awareness of the issue, Hedgehog Awareness Week, had the aim of educating as many as possible on how serious the issue is, and how they can support these stalwarts of British wildlife.

Now, according to new data 25 per cent people in this country have never seen a hedgehog in its natural habitat and that fact was backed up in our schools talks. And it’s a problem that seems to be getting worse. While more than 80 per cent of the over 55s we surveyed had seen wild hedgehogs, in the 18 to 34 age range this dropped to only 60 per cent. This means experts believe numbers to have declined by 75 per cent since the year 2000.

Despite now being rare, they are still one of the nation’s favourites. A whopping 83 per cent said they found hedgehogs cute. And a third stated that hedgehogs were their favourite British wildlife animal, and they’re ready to help, too. Happily, nearly three quarters say they would be interested in helping hedgehogs live safely in their locality.

Gardens are vital to keeping hedgehogs safe and protected, and significant improvements can be made while balancing it with the reality of what is achievable in most gardens. From building a hedgehog house, to providing access between gardens, there are options for everyone.

Adapting gardens has been credited by hedgehog experts as making a massive difference to the welfare of hedgehogs. It’s the message we gave to the kids.

Simple changes can make such a difference, and don’t have to cost much, either.

Consider leaving wild areas, installing a little hedgehog house, and covering up any drains or holes that could be a hazard.

I ended a busy week being more worried about the future of these animals than when I started.

How to make your garden hedgehog friendly • Build a hedgehog house - habitat loss hurts hedgehogs so make your garden their home.

• Mowers beware - check before you mow - hedgehogs could be hiding.

• No pesticides - don’t use pesticides - this could accidentally poison hedgehogs.

• Feed the hedgehogs - food is scarce - leave meaty pet food and water out for them - but no milk.

• Cover drains - hedgehogs can fall easily into drains - cover them up.

• Provide access - hedgehogs roam at night - leave space for the them to explore.

• Goodbye panel - help hedgehogs roam - cut a hole in your fence.

ACCESSORIES

OUTDOOR ACCESSORIES

boost property prices It seems that the property market is taking more attention now on the state and quality of a garden. More homeowners are now investing in accessories to their homes which not only increases the pleasure of a more outdoor lifestyle but also adds value to properties.

One of the primary reasons homeowners invest in landscaping such things as verandas, greenhouses, sheds, outdoor kitchens and even firepits is the expected increase in property value. According to experts, a well-stocked, neat, and tidy garden with quality outdoor eating and dining facilities can add to 20 percent to the value of a home.

This significant increase is due to the aesthetic appeal and functional improvements that a landscaped garden provides.

Investing in a garden veranda offers a stylish and functional way to extend your living space and enjoy outdoor living. Verandas can be used for various purposes, such as dining, relaxing, or even as an outdoor office. They can also increase your home’s value and curb appeal.

Property expert Hugh Saunders said homeowners started to invest more in garden accessories during Covid when they spent more time in their garden and wanted to improve things.

“That boom hasn’t stopped really and with good summers the trend is now to invest and enjoy in products which make outdoor living more comfortable.”

Fabulous bespoke glass verandas - up to 25% off* Enjoy your garden throughout the year, whatever the weather with a stylish Eden Veranda and now available with a superb finance deal – buy now, pay later plus you can save up to 25per-cent off* in a unique summer sale.

Constructed from the highest quality materials and bespoke manufactured, an Eden Veranda is a stunning addition to any home. With optional accessories such as intelligent heating and lighting you can spend more time ‘outdoors’ in comfort.

Every Eden Veranda is powder coated with a hard-wearing weather-proof finish, available in a choice of 56 colours and installed by our experienced engineers.

To benefit from these offers, visit edenverandas.co.uk or call 0800 107 2727 and use code CG020625 *Terms & Conditions apply, see website for details.

Safe and effective unique controls for all your shrubs and climbers You can control your shrubs and climbers this year using Rivelin Glen Products uniquely designed Wire Anchors. They are quick and easy to attach to concrete posts (without drilling) to act as an ‘eye’ by threading wire through them to create a trellising system.

The Gripple Trellising System is ideal to use with the anchors as the wire does not stretch, takes up to 100kg load & has a life of up to 15 years. Multiple rows can be achieved with one length of wire and two tensioners. No more sore hands or sagging wires!

Rivelin Glen Products are the main stockists of the Gripple Trellising System. Prices: Wire Anchors from £10.25 for a pack of three; Gripple Starter Kit - £20.25 Details available at: www.rivelinglenproducts.com Email: info@rivelinglenproducts.co.uk Tel: 01246 462666

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Wire Anchor with Gripple Trellising System

Visit our website to view our other gardening accessories and gift ideas www.rivelinglenproducts.co.uk info@rivelinglenproducts.co.uk 01246 462666 18

ENJOY YOUR GARDEN ALL YEAR ROUND WITH A GLASS VERANDA ●

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Blackcurrant bonanza !

Blackcurrants are the biggest yielding of all the currants providing nine to 10 pounds of luscious fruit per plant.

The other good news is they are very simple to grow Seeing blackcurrant bushes bending over with the sheer weight of fruit is one of the sights of the growing season.

Of all the currants these are the ones which can please the fruit gardener the most. Once established you can easily get nine pounds of fruit per bush, year after year repaying the cost of the plant many times over.

Not only are they great value, but the taste of homegrown blackcurrants will surpass anticipation every year: when deep in colour and completely ripe, they are complex, full of flavour and with sharp and sweet in glorious balance.

Growing blackcurrants is as simple as you’d hope. Give your plants the sunniest, most fertile position you have and allow them five feet from their neighbour. Water well in the first year as they establish and through dry spells, mulch with manure or compost in winter and all should be well.

They have a tart flavour, are an invaluable source of vitamin C and can be used in pies and jams and to make cordials and cassis.

SITE AND SOIL Blackcurrants tolerate a wide range of soil conditions, but prefer welldrained, moisture-retentive conditions. They need a rich, heavy soil.

Blackcurrants prefer full sun, but will tolerate light shade. Avoid frost pockets – frosts can drastically reduce yields, even on some modern cultivars that are later flowering.

BUYING AND PLANTING Always buy certified stock to avoid virus problems. One bush should yield about nine or ten pounds of fruit Grow blackcurrants as stooled, or multi-stemmed, bushes. In small gardens, blackcurrants can be grown in containers. Plant bare-root blackcurrants in late autumn; containerised plants can be planted at any time of year if the soil is not too wet.

A few weeks before planting, clear the soil of all perennial weeds and enrich it with a generous amount of well-rotted manure. Add a compound balanced fertiliser at the rate of 85g per sq m.

Dig a hole at least twice the circumference of the pot in which the blackcurrant was purchased if not bare-root. Space blackcurrant bushes six feet apart. Add controlled-release fertiliser like seaweed or poultry manure pellets on poor soils for individual plants if compound fertiliser wasn’t added when preparing the soil.

Set each plant at least six cms deeper than it was previously, so it develops into a multi-stemmed stool bush. Deep planting encourages young, vigorous shoots to develop from the base. Mix the soil from the hole with well-rotted organic manure and backfill the hole. Firm it in well before watering.

20

Country Gardener

When planting container-grown blackcurrants from mid-autumn until late spring, cut all the stems back to one or two buds above ground level to encourage strong shoots to develop from the base. If planting between early summer and early autumn, wait until the plant is dormant before pruning all the stems.

PLANT CARE Water blackcurrants during dry periods in the growing season.

Hand weed and mulch around the plant in late winter using well-rotted manure to suppress weeds. Avoid hoeing near the base of the bush because the hoe might cut through new shoots developing at the base of the plant. Re-pot container-grown blackcurrants every two or three years. Pot back into the same container or one slightly larger.

Trim back some of the roots and tease away the old soil replacing it with fresh John Innes No 3 Compost.

Don’t be intimidated by the idea of pruning: you can keep it very simple. Cutting one-third of the branches to the base each year encourages new growth and maintains a vigorous plant: prioritising the removal of older branches that become less productive keeps you in maximum fruit, too. You can do this in the winter if you like and prune when the currants are ready to harvest, killing two birds with one easy snip of the secateurs and stripping the branches of their fruit in the kitchen with a trusty fork.

TRAINING AND PRUNING Prune blackcurrants when dormant – from late autumn to late winter.

Bushes fruit on the young wood, mainly from one- or two-year-old stems, and it is important to bear this in mind when pruning.

Up to and including the fourth year after planting, remove weak, wispy shoots, retaining a basic structure of six to 10 healthy shoots. After year four, cut out about one-third of the older wood at the base, using a pair of loppers or a pruning saw. This will encourage and make room for younger, healthy wood.

Also remove weak shoots and low ones leaning towards the ground

Pests and Diseases Blackcurrants are prone to attack by birds, so cover the plants with taut netting as the fruits ripen.

American gooseberry mildew: Flower frost damage and fungal leaf spots and mildew can also cause problems, as can the following more specific problems.

Big bud mite: These mites infest the buds of blackcurrant bushes. ‘Ben Hope’ is a resistant cultivar.

Blackcurrant gall midge: Tiny, white maggots feed on the shoot tips of blackcurrants, preventing leaves from reaching their full size; affected leaves dry up and die. Shoot tips can also die back. There is no cure available to the home gardener. Cultivars such as ‘Ben Connan’ and ‘Ben Sarek’ are resistant to blackcurrant gall midge.

Capsid bugs: These green insects suck the sap and cause small holes to appear on the leaves, which sometimes develop reddish brown spots. Spray with an organic soap based spray as soon as the symptoms are noticed.

Reversion: This virus is usually transmitted by big bud mite. It causes the leaves to turn yellow, and flowering and yields are dramatically reduced. There is no cure for this problem and plants should be removed immediately. Always buy certified virus-free plants.

HARVESTING Harvest the fruit on modern varieties such as the Ben series by cutting the strigs (bunches of fruit) as they turn black. Older types of blackcurrant varieties ripen at different times, with the currants at the top of the strig ripening first. The fruit should therefore be picked individually.

Eat fresh blackcurrants within a few days of harvesting. Alternatively, they can be frozen, cooked, or made into jam or jelly.

Growing your own blackcurrants allows you to choose the fullest-flavoured varieties.

When selecting cultivars, you’ll be safe with any that have ‘Ben’ in their name.Careful choice of variety can give you a long season, too: ‘Ben Connan’ and ‘Ebony’ are the earliest to grow, starting their harvest spell during the last days of June here in the South-West, with ‘Big Ben’ following closely behind. If you live in an area prone to late frosts, ‘Ben Tirran’ is a fine option, flowering as it does later than most and delivering a later harvest.

‘Titania’ is another to consider: this Swedish mid-season variety has large, juicy, aromatic and deliciously sweet fruit with just the right degree of sharpness.

Blackcurrants freeze well, so you can enjoy them at any time of year. Better still, once frozen, topping and tailing — ordinarily one of the dullest tasks there is — becomes so much quicker and easier: you can scrape a thumbnail or knife across both ends without fear of squishing the fruit. You freeze them in yoghurt pots, holding about 250g–300g, until you are ready to use them.

Blackcurrant crops will repay the cost of the plants many times over

In brief • • • • • •

Space the plants five feet apart.

Remember the yields on blackcurrants can be large established bushes give 10lbs or more.

Siting – full sun to partial shade- the more sun they get the better the crop.

Soil – any reasonable soil with adequate drainage.

Plant – October to April as bare root, pot-grown at other times.

Pruning – remove a proportion of older stems, cutting out at the base in winter.

Bountiful BASIL

All types of basil are members of the mint family and some basil varieties have been cultivated for more than 5,000 years and there’s more opportunities these days to experiment with growing different varieties Basil is an incredible herb, a must-have for any edible garden. Garden-fresh basil is, after all, one of the quintessential tastes of summer.

You might think there’s just one type of basil to enjoy—most likely Genovese basil, a type of sweet basil In fact there are many varieties, each with different levels of spice and sweetness, and each as beautiful as the last.

The best way to experience as many different types of basil as possible (not to mention the freshest flavour) is to grow them yourself.

This sun-loving herb is easy to start from seed, it grows prolifically, and the more leaves you cut from it, the more it gives you.

The best variety to grow for flavour is sweet basil Thanks to its incredible fragrance and flavour, sweet basil is one of the most popular and widely used herbs around the world. Sweet basil, specifically a variety of sweet basil called Genovese basil, is the star of the Italian classic, pesto, as well as many other sauces and soups. It’s also easy to grow and will give you an abundance of big leaves you can toss onto your meals.

The best variety to grow for basil flowers is Thai basil Thai basil has purplish stems, produces long stalks of the most beautiful purple flowers, and boasts a liquorice-like aroma. If you really love the flavour of liquorice and anise, try liquorice basil, a type of Thai basil.

The most striking variety to grow is purple basil This variety is just so pretty, especially when its deep purple leaves stand in contrast to the typical greens of your herb garden. Flavour-wise, purple basil can add a slightly spicy, clove-like kick to your meals.

If you want to be more adventurous with growing different varieties, then here’s a few to try.

GREEK BASIL This type has smaller leaves but grows tall and wide, making it a great ornamental plant for large containers.

Its leaves boast a sweet flavour.

HOLY BASIL This variety, known as “the queen of herbs,” is native to India and used

more for medicinal purposes than culinary ones. The leaves have a peppery flavour and are believed to reduce pain and inflammation and lower blood sugar. The plant produces beautiful flowers and has a wonderful sweet but musky aroma.

CINNAMON BASIL This fragrant basil smells of—you guessed it—cinnamon! With reddishpurple stems and pink flowers, this variety makes a beautiful addition to any herb garden. Dry the leaves for a cozy cup of tea.

LEMON BASIL This tangy variety is great for making pesto or tossing onto pasta. Crush or tear the leaves to release the aroma. It’s a more compact plant that’s great for containers.

AROMATTO BASIL The leaves of this basil have a spicy scent but taste even sweeter than Genovese basil. This is a great type to grow for cut flowers.

LETTUCE LEAF BASIL Another type of sweet basil, lettuce leaf basil grows huge but mild-flavored leaves that are great for salads.

LIME BASIL Every bit as citrusy as you’d expect, this zesty variety is great in iced tea, salad dressing, or marinades.

PURPLE RUFFLES BASIL This variety has ruffled edges and green leaves streaked with purple. It looks beautiful as a garnish or added to cut flowers in a bouquet.

21

GREAT PLACES TO VISIT

HIGH SUMMER and the gardens are calling

No-one needs an excuse to take time off from their own gardens in June for a day off and a day out.

It’s the time of the year when gardens are at their best and nature, flowers and plants are calling whether it’s a visit to one of the famous formal gardens of the south west or any one of a number of specialist plant fairs which fill the calendar over the next few weeks offering value for money high quality plants in lovely settings.

National Garden Scheme open garden days are plentiful, and villages and towns chose June for their garden open days many of them offering a once a year opportunity to visit. You don’t have to look too hard to find some lovely opportunities for that day out.

Here’s some which might catch your eye.

Enjoy a unique summer of creativity at Kelmscott Manor, Oxfordshire, the iconic country home of William Morris Award-winning poet Robert Seatter and acclaimed visual artist Jessica Palmer will bring the fascinating stories and compelling atmosphere of Kelmscott Manor to life as part of the Manor’s programme of learning and public engagement alongside an inspirational new exhibition on ‘William Morris and the Book’ (5th June to 25th October).

In mid-June, Jessica will create a large 3-D model of the Manor out of recycled materials, enabling visitors – and especially families and children – to experience the house up close and personal.

Inside the Manor, visitors will be led on a special audio trail of 10 short poems by Robert Seatter directly inspired by spaces and objects in the house. Kelmscott Manor is open to the public Thursdays, Fridays and Saturdays from April to October.

Visit www.kelmscottmanor.org.uk

Cadhay hard work pays off with summer sensations The Cadhay gardens are resplendent in June as all the work through the winter and spring starts to pay off. The rhododendrons around the medieval ponds, which form the backbone of the gardens, will still be in flower and the water lilies will be starting. Meanwhile the borders will be abundant. There are a few new allotment holders this year and it will be interesting to see their changes making an impact.

Cadhay is open on Friday afternoons throughout the summer from 2pm and afternoon teas will be available until 5pm.

Cadhay, Ottery St Mary EX11 1QT contact jayne@cadhay.org.uk or 01404 813511

Wolf Hall returns to Forde Abbey and Gardens The spectacular, award-winning gardens are a must visit at any time of the year but in June and high summer they are breathtaking and include topiary-lined vistas, colourful herbaceous borders, an arboretum, and a bog garden, which provide all year-round interest. The gardens are a huge attraction but Forde Abbey is now famous for its events ,many musical and one this summer sees the invitation to visitors to Step into History for a special display of Wolf Hall costumes from the recent BBC TV series.

From 1st June for eight weeks, it’s the chance to discover the world of Wolf Hall with an exclusive costume and filming display inside the house– including outfits worn by Henry VIII - Damian Lewis, Thomas Cromwell - Mark Rylance, Jane Seymour - Kate Phillips, and Margaret Douglas.

Date: the event runs from 1st June to 28th July Opening times: 12pm -to 3.30pm Daily except Saturday and Monday.Adult £19;child £6. The gardens and house are open now through to 31st October.

Forde Abbey, Chard TA20 4LU

June is perfection at Hartland Abbey

Great Summer Days Out at Rare Plant Fairs

June is a fabulous time to visit Hartland Abbey and gardens. The Walled Garden comes into its own; the walks through rhododendrons in the shrubbery and shady Bog Garden lead to this most lovely place to sit and relax with only the sounds of the birds and bees for company. The walk to Blackpool Mill, soon to be seen in ‘The Salt Path’ is a must with the wildflowers on the cliff at their best – thrift, kidney vetch, bladder campion, wild carrot, tiny gentians and blue squills. The wonderful foxgloves mark the spots where St Nectan’s blood dripped as he carried his head under his arm around the parish! There is so much to see in the house too.

High Glanau Manor

Hartland Abbey, Hartland, Stoke, Bideford EX39 6DT Tel: 01237 441496 www.hartlandabbey.com

Barthelemy & Co – the Japanese maples specialists Barthelemy & Co from Wimborne in Dorset was established by a French nurseryman almost a century ago and the Skinner family now specialise in propagating and growing acer palmatum – or Japanese maples as they’re known.

Throughout spring, summer and autumn the delicate foliage of the acer presents exquisite shadings of Mother Nature’s gold, pink, purple, green, yellow, orange and red. Acers are a delightful addition to anyone’s garden, giving an aura of peace and tranquillity. The ten-acre nursery at Stapehill has a huge collection of Japanese maples to choose from and expert staff are on hand to help select the right variety and to offer advice about caring for the trees in future. Over 100,000 acers are produced at every year approximately 10-12,000 of them are grafted named palmatum varieties, as one of the largest specialist growers of their kind.

Barthelemy & Co, 262 Wimborne Road West, Wimborne, Dorset BH21 2DZ Tel: 01202 874283 www.barthelemymaples.co.uk 22

Waterperry Gardens

There are three Rare Plant Fairs taking place during June, all held in unique gardens with their own individual style, making a summer visit to one (or more!) of the events a great day out for all gardeners. A fabulous selection of specialist nurseries attends each of the fairs , all of whom are experts in plants that they grow. The full programme is: High Glanau Manor, near Monmouth, Sunday 1st June, 11am to 4pm. These beautiful Arts and Crafts gardens have been lovingly restored by the present owners and offer spectacular views over the Vale of Usk. Waterperry Gardens, near Oxford, Sunday 8th June, 10am to 4pm.

The former teaching gardens at Waterperry have now been transformed into stunning ornamental gardens at this iconic venue, including a rose garden, formal knot garden and a canal studded with waterlilie Lamport Hall Gardens, Northants, Sunday 15th June, 10am to 4pm. 10 acres of stunning, historic gardens, as featured in Monty Don’s Great British Garden on BBC 2 in January.

Please visit the website at www.rareplantfair.co.uk for full details, including admission charges and a complete list of the exhibitors attending each one.

Country Gardener

Supported by

Festival of Roses Sat 14 Jun – Sun 13 Jul Revel in the scent and sight of thousands of rosebuds and blooms, a sensory celebration of summer.

Join us for guided walks, an artisan food and craft fair and live music on our Rose Weekend (Fri 20 – Sun 22 Jun) Your visit supports our work as a charity. rhs.org.uk/rosemoor

Tea Room & Walled Garden Nursery

GARDENS & TEAROOM Open every Friday 2pm - 5.30pm from 2nd May to 26th September

WELL BEHAVED DOGS ON LEADS WELCOME

Also last weekend in May & August Bank Holiday weekend - Sat, Sun & Mon GARDENS: adult £6, child £1

CADHAY, OTTERY ST. MARY, DEVON, EX11 1QT 01404 813511 www.cadhay.org.uk Member of Historic Houses

Hartland Abbey & Gardens Visit this stunning family home with wonderful wildflower walks to the beach Beautiful walled and woodland gardens.

Enjoy our ‘William Stukeley – Saviour of Stonehenge’ exhibition. See where Enid Blyton’s ‘Malory Towers’ is filmed. * Dogs really welcome * * Holiday Cottages * * Delicious light lunches & cream teas * House, Gardens etc and Café open until 2nd October Sunday to Thursday 11am - 5pm (House 2pm - 5pm last adm 3.45pm)

For more information and special events see www.hartlandabbey.com Hartland, Nr. Bideford EX39 6DT 01237441496/234

Marwood Hill Gardens is a tranquil 20-acre private garden nestled in a North Devon valley near Barnstaple. Established in 1949 by Dr. Jimmy Smart, this 20-acre garden has evolved into a horticultural haven, featuring three serene lakes, a variety of sculptures, and an impressive collection of plants from around the world including four National Collections, Champion Trees and Marwood is also Camellia Garden of Excellence.

Indulge in homemade cakes and light lunches in the award-winning tearoom, while the plant nursery offers an unusual array of plants for sale.

Enquiries & Tea Room 01271 342528 Plant Sales & Nursery 01271 342577 e info@marwoodhillgarden.co.uk w marwoodhillgarden.co.uk Marwood Hill Gardens, Marwood, Barnstaple, Devon EX31 4EA

www.countrygardener.co.uk

23

GREAT PLACES TO VISIT

Rosemoor celebrates high summer with Festival of Roses Enjoy the fragrance and spectacle of thousands of roses blooming in two dedicated gardens at RHS Garden Rosemoor this summer. Boasting the largest rose collection in the south west, you’ll find more than 200 varieties and over 2,000 specimens, ranging from traditional cottage garden climbers to modern roses, in different settings and combinations in the heart of the garden.

Join a tour every Tuesday at 12pm throughout the festival to learn more about these beautiful blooms or speak to the RHS Advisory team every Thursday to get expert advice on how to care for your own. If you are considering adding a rose to your garden, this certainly is the place to do some window shopping, with many varieties in stock in the Garden Centre. You can, during Rose Weekend on 20th to 22nd June, also enjoy family entertainment and an artisan craft and food fair.

Abbotsbury Plant Fair is back on June 8th Its’ back! - the big Plant Fair at Abbotsbury Subtropical Gardens.

This year it’s a little earlier on Sunday 8th June but it promises to be another successful event with a wide range of specialist growers, nurseries, wildlife stalls and a handful of craft stalls.

Last year nearly 1,300 people enjoyed a glorious day at the fair, supporting plant conservation and education work in Dorset. This year, admission remains at £7 and this includes free access to the extensive gardens (normally £13.95).

Take a mixture of cash and cards for the stalls. Free parking, dogs welcome on a short lead.

The fair is open 10am to 3pm but the gardens remain open until 5pm. Abbotsbury Gardens is just off the Dorset Jurassic Coast Road (Postcode DT3 4LA).

Bullers Way, Abbotsbury, Weymouth DT3 4LA

RHS Garden Rosemoor, Torrington EX38 8PH

Whatley Manor country house style and quality

Summer sculptor exhibition highlight in Bishop’s Palace Gardens From outdoor theatre and re-enactment days to family-friendly crafting, storytelling, inspiring exhibitions and beautiful gardens, The Bishop’s Palace in beautiful Wells is a summer paradise.

Hidden within the ancient ramparts and protected by the moat, 14 acres of stunning landscaped gardens await visitors. These are among the finest gardens to visit in Somerset, offering beauty, history, and tranquillity.

This summer, the historic gardens will host a captivating solo exhibition by acclaimed stone sculptor Pippa Unwin. Running from June through September, the exhibition will showcase Unwin’s distinctive animal and nature-inspired carvings, thoughtfully placed within the Grade II listed gardens.

Unwin returns to her roots with this exhibition, bringing her deep connection to the Somerset landscape and its rich heritage. Her sculptures, crafted from limestone, marble, and alabaster, reflect a profound respect for traditional stonemasonry techniques, capturing the essence and spirit of the natural world.

Exhibition opens 13th June until 14th September and is included with standard admission to The Bishop’s Palace and Gardens.

Whatley Manor Hotel & Spa is a country house hotel set in 12 acres of English country gardens. New for this year is small plates dining in Grey’s serving a multitude of delicious dishes that feature the best of tasty seasonal ingredients every evening.

Afternoon Tea is served daily in the Drawing Room or Reception Hall, and now includes a Children’s Afternoon Tea for children under the age of 12- £19.75. Afternoon Tea £39.50 or Sparkling Afternoon Tea £49.50.

For an extra special evening book the Michelin-starred restaurant for dinner – choose either a seven-course tasting menu or full menu. www.whatleymanor.com Call 01666 822 888 or follow @whatleymanorhotelandspa

The Bishop’s Palace, Wells BA5 2PD

Summer at The Bishop’s Palace & Gardens

14 acres of tranquil RHS partner gardens, moat, medieval Palace building and award winning Bishop's Table café in the heart of medieval Wells.

Plan your visit: www.bishopspalace.org.uk 24

Country Gardener

JAPANESE MAPLES Acer palmatum varieties We produce and grow the largest selection available in the UK. Plants are pot grown and suitable for garden, patio or bonsai.

Host a garden get-together

Visitors welcome Mon-Sat 9am-1pm & 2pm-4pm

Gather friends and family to celebrate your garden and raise vital funds for nursing and health charities with a Great British Garden Party.

Barthelemy & Co (DCG), 262 Wimborne Rd West, Stapehill, Wimborne, Dorset BH21 2DZ

Tel: 01202 874283 enquiries@barthelemymaples.co.uk www.barthelemymaples.co.uk

Find out more: ngs.org.uk/gardenparty

June Fairs 1st June High Glanau Manor, Nr. Monmouth NP25 4AD

8th June Waterperry Gardens, Nr. Oxford OX33 1JZ 15th June Lamport Hall Gardens, Northants, NN6 9EZ

49th Cerne Abbas

Open Gardens About 25 Private Gardens Open

14th & 15th June, 2-6pm Day ticket to all gardens £8 Ticket for 2 days £10 Accompanied children free Plant Stall Free Car Park (DT2 7GD) from 1pm Teas from 1pm

www.rareplantfair.co.uk

Equal proceeds to: Cerne Valley Cricket Club

Please visit our website for full details of admission fees and times of opening.

Keep up to date: www.cerneabbasopengardens.org.uk

& Dorset Wildlife Trust

www.countrygardener.co.uk

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We offer special all counties prices when advertising with our features, plus 100 words of free editorial with an advert.

Speak to one of our sales people for more details.

25

GREAT PLACES TO VISIT

Summer is on its way at Marwood Hill Gardens Long warm sunny days entice the herbaceous plants into flower, at Marwood Hill gardens with multicoloured candelabra primulas snaking along the stream and around the lakes. By the end of the month, they are joined with gorgeous drifts of our Plant Heritage National Collections of japanese iris and astilbes.The herbaceous borders are aglow with colour, and our Mediterranean border in front of our award winning tea-room provides a visual feast to view while enjoying a delicious cream tea from the tea room.

Alpines planted along the scree-bed continue to provide an amazing contrast of foliage and flower while above creamy cornus kousa flowers burst into bloom.

You can visit the plant sales for unusual, as well as the tried and tested plants. most of the plants sold come from cuttings or divisions from the gardens itself.

Marwood Hill Gardens Nr Guineaford, Barnstaple, North Devon EX31 4EA Tel: 01271 342 528 Email: info@marwoodhillgarden.co.uk

NGS - great gardens, great cakes, great causes From stately acres to country cottage gardens the National Garden Scheme opens exceptional private gardens across England, Wales, Northern Ireland and the Channel Islands. In June, thousands of beautiful spaces open, many serving delicious home-made refreshments and plants for sale, all offering wonderful value for money while helping to raise millions for nursing and health charities each year. Visit a National Garden Scheme Garden in June and be inspired. Find a garden open near you. www.ngs.org.uk

Bampton hosts a huge variety of garden styles The Hidden Gardens of Bampton is a must for all those who enjoy plants and gardens - and the Devon countryside.

Most years, there is a group of private gardens open to the public for one weekend in the summer. This year the special event takes place over the weekend of 28th and 29th June.

There is a big variety of styles to see, large and small, with several beautiful gardens tucked away behind shops. You will also find refreshments and a plant stall. Some of the gardens are new each year, and there are changes in more familiar ones, so there are plenty of new things to see. Hidden garden tickets cover both days from 11am to 5pm.

As with a number of Devon villages these gardens are genuinely hidden and the weekend offers a rare chance to see them in all their mid-summer glory.

Twenty five gardens prepare for Cerne Abbas Open Gardens day Cerne Abbas’s Annual Gardens will take place from 2pm to 6pm on Saturday 14th and Sunday 15th June. Some 25 gardens will be open around the ancient village covering a whole range of sizes and styles. The gardeners will be available to answer your questions and share their love of their gardens.

Entrance to all gardens is by a map which also serves as a single day ticket, £8 for adults, accompanied under 16s are free. A few gardens are accessible by wheelchairs and most gardens accept well behaved dogs on leads.

There is a well-regarded plant stall and home-made teas are provided by the local Youth Club, both commencing at 1pm. Almost all gardens are within easy walking distance of the free car park and are located on the maps. The proceeds will be divided between our Cerne Valley Cricket Club and The Dorset Wildlife Trust. www.cerneabbasopengardens.org.uk

AMPTO

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Saturday & Sunday 28th & 29th June 11 o’clock to 5 o’clock

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Flexible ticket: £6 valid on either or both days.

Under 16s free when accompanied by an adult.

Available in advance from Bampton Fresh, and on the day, between 10am and 4pm, from Riverside Hall, along with light refreshments and a place to rest.

Further information: email bamptoninbloom@gmail.com

SPECIALIST PLANT & GARDEN FAIRS ABBOTSBURY GARDENS Organised by Plant Heritage Dorset

Sunday 8th June & Sunday 31st August 2025 Both at Abbotsbury Subtropical Gardens, Dorset, DT3 4LA Fairs open 10am – 3pm Admission includes entry to the Subtropical Gardens until 5pm (normally £13.95). Free to all Plant Heritage Members.

Many specialist nurseries and growers, large selection of garden stalls plus craft & wildlife stalls. Quality refreshments and food. Free parking. Solar-powered Coffee Stall. Please bring cash & cards. Dogs on short leads welcome.

Proceeds support Plant Conservation, Events & Education in Dorset www.abbotsbury-tourism.co.uk/gardens/events/ www.plantheritagedorset.org.uk 26

Country Gardener

PUZZLE TIME

Crossword

Unscramble

WIN £100 IN RHS GIFT TOKENS

Fill in the missing letter to uncover five famous plant hunters

1. _ R N_ _ T / _ I _ S _ _

2. _ _ A _ K / K _ _ G _ O _ /_ A _ _

Our popular gardening themed crossword is compiled by Saranda which over the past year has become enormously popular with readers. The winning entry to be drawn by us will receive £100 of RHS gift tokens. Completed entries should be sent to Mount House, Halse, Taunton, Somerset TA4 3AD. Closing date Friday 27th June. The April issue winner was Angela Mowbury, Cirencester.

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The Country Gardener

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Quizzing Dozen

Twelve questions to test your knowledge

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Charles Darwin described this carnivorous plant as the most wonderful plant in the world?. What is the name of this plant?

What is the sacred flower of the Buddhist religion?

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Some types of peas are called mangetout.

What is the translation of mangetout?

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What causes tearing while cutting an onion?

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What was the name given to the area of Central Park dedicated to the memory of John Lennon?

What is the name given to the female reproductive organ of a flower?

What do yew; laburnum seeds & mistletoe berries have in common?

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What is the meaning of giving a white rose?

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From what kind of lumber did Noah build the ark?

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What tree is classified as a grass? Some of these plants can grow up to one meter a day. This ornamental grass is said to bring good luck.

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What is the only native British broadleaf tree to produce pine cones?

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Which tree do we get turpentine from?

Word Search

This month's Word Search features popular houseplants ALOE VERA ARALIA ARECA PALM ASPIDISTRA BOSTON FERN DEVILS IVY EUPHOERBIA FICUS FIDDLE INCH PLANT INDIAN LAUREL LADY PALM MONEY TREE MOSS POLE PARLOUR PALM PEACE LILY PENCIL CACTUS PEPEROMA RED SHIELD RUBBER PLANT SNAKE PLANT STRING OF HEARTS WHITE WAVE YUCCA ZZ PLANT

Answers UNSCRAMBLE: 1. Ernest Wilson, 2. Frank Kingdon Ward, 3. George Forrest 4. Reginald Farrer, 5. John Tradescant QUIZZING DOZEN: 1. Busy Lizzie, 2. Lotus, 3. Eat it all, 4. Sulfuric acid, 5. Strawberry Fields, 6. Pistil, 7. They are all poisonous, 8. Marriage, spirituality, a new start, 9. Gopher, 10. Bamboo, 11. Adler, 12. Pine

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ACROSS 1. Phleum pratense or timothy grass (8) 5. Common name of Carpobrotus edulis (9-3) 12. Smart or showy in appearance (8) 13. An effigy of a man to frighten birds away from seeds (6) 14. Belonging to them (5) 16. Common name of Bouteloua dactyloides (7, 5) 17. Large heaps of dried grass (8) 18. A flat surface on a television or computer (6) 19. A magical phrase in the story of Ali Baba and the Forty Thieves (4, 6) 23. Heaps of potatoes stored under earth (6) 24. Spartan hero's name given to a certain Cyclamen hederifolium (8) 25. Tetraclinis articulata or Sictus tree (4) 29. Self-pollination and fertilisation of an unopened flower (10) 30. A peace movement to suspend warfare in the Middle Ages (5, 2, 3) 32. Agave americana or American ____ (4) 33. Plants with large green leaves eaten uncooked in salads (8) 34. White poplar trees (6) 37. English actor (1909-84), star of The Pumpkin Eater (5, 5) 38. A rose window or rosette (6) 42. A wheeled vehicle for delivering post (4, 4) 43. The stem of a South American curare plant used in medicine (7, 5) 45. French flower! (5) 46. Common name of New Zealand genus of grasses Austroderia (6) 47. A hormone that promotes flowering in angiosperms (8) 48. A large fleshy tropical fruit with a sweet yellow pulp (7, 5) 49. A beautiful youth loved by Selene in Greek mythology (8) DOWN 1. A winter melon with a wrinkled yellow rind (6) 2. A pink flower often found on sea cliffs (6) 3. American novelist and playwright (192484) (6, 6) 4. In a state of luxury due to this plant (2, 6) 6. Occurring infrequently and irregularly (10)

www.countrygardener.co.uk

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Name of root vegetable in genus Colocasia (4) 8. Common name of tree Picea abies (6, 6) 9. Common name of plants in genus Arrhenatherum (3-5) 10. Common name of Tagetes patula (6, 8) 11. In botany, bent to and fro, and marked with wavy lines (6) 15. Green sour apples originating in Australia (6, 6) 20. Fruits of the genus Sambucus (12) 21. Mimosa, thorntree and wattle belong to this genus (6) 22. These flowers belong to the Calochortus genus (8, 6) 26. A crunchy salad vegetable with a pungent flavour (6) 27. Plant parts that are packed into a dense clutter (12) 28. Rubus saxatilis, the stone bramble (7, 5) 31. Originally from Africa, this domesticated bird is a tasty alternative to chicken (6, 4) 35. Genus of plants with common names including coral bells (8) 36. A chemical compound found in certain plants and used to treat psoriasis (8) 39. Name sometimes given to Indian gooseberry or amla (6) 40. Capital and largest city of the Central African Republic (6) 41. A bitter compound present in bark, leaves and fruit (6) 44. Cut or gather crops (4) Answers from previous issue, May 2025: R O S E O F J E R O M I

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Caring for

god’s acres Over the next few months, a new campaign is to be stepped up to highlight the gardening potential of over 20,000 cemeteries - to improve their beauty and to make a significant impact on the future of wildlife

If you were to put all the churchyards in this country together in one place, they would create an area the size of a national park.

So, what we do with these green spaces around our churches could have a profoundly significant impact on the future for wildlife. The big challenge with looking after church land is that it is often seen to be most cost effective to mow everything, prune everything, and concrete over everything else!

But the reality is that if we were to leave small areas un-mown and plant the areas up with native wildflowers – or if we were to bring in fruit trees to provide a source of food for wildlife – the costs are modest and the benefits for our declining flora and fauna would be substantial.

New initiatives are in place to bring the future of the churchyards back into more prominence by: • Urging communities to treat them as gardens which need tending, planting and work.

• Encouraging gardening clubs to become custodians of the local work providing volunteers.

• Campaigning for local authorities to provide basic funding for gardening projects.

Churchyards are often seen as being creepy places but in reality they are peaceful havens for both people and wildlife. Most have been protected from development and chemicals.

As a result, they can harbour communities of animals and plants that may have been lost from the surrounding areas.

Churchyards are also havens for some of our least recorded species – lichen and mosses. A huge variety can grow on gravestones, and the sheltered conditions are perfect places for vertical lichen gardens.

Value your churchyard and burial grounds. This is the vision of Caring For God’s Acre – an organisation that champions the conservation of churchyards and burial sites across the British Isles. It began as a pilot scheme in the Shropshire Hills in 1997 and has now become an independent charity with a much wider coverage.

It is the only organisation in the UK to focus solely on the conservation of churchyards and burial grounds. They recommend a five-step programme of church grounds management: 1. Research existing records.

2. Map the site and start to fill in what you know and what you find out about plants, animals and built features.

3. Plan what you want to do and how you will manage the site. Talk to people and reach an agreement on management.

4. Inform people about the plans and invite them to become involved. Run events and training days, help people to learn more about the site.

5. Review the plan. Is it working? Check to see how practical it is and how people feel about it.

Churchyards can provide a home to tree species such as yew and oak, which act as shelter and nesting sites for many creatures including birds, bats and insects. The church itself can provide accommodation for bats, swallows and house martins, even peregrine falcons, and hibernation places for bats and insects in the winter.

Urban areas often lack space for wildlife and a churchyard can be an important ‘green’ island. Maintenance regimes can be changed to make churchyards more wildlife friendly and maybe even less demanding on the gardener!

Where possible, dead wood on trees should be retained for insects and birds such as 28

nuthatches and woodpeckers. Only remove branches that are considered dangerous, for instance where they are overhanging paths.

In many churchyards, grass is the predominant ground cover. If it is left uncut until June to August it can be managed as a wild flower meadow with paths cut through it to provide an attractive display of wild flowers. This longer grass allows cover for small mammals and insects such as grasshoppers and butterflies to thrive and these in turn attract predators such as owls, kestrels and foxes.

The tombstones and church walls often provide excellent surfaces for lichens to grow on and the different greys, greens and yellows give a sense of age to the churchyard and a feeling of warmth to the stones.

It is important not to clean tombstones as the lichens can take many years to grow.

Flower beds and borders can be planted with species that flower and provide nectar for butterflies and bees and seeds for birds to feed on later in the year. Areas of brambles, honeysuckle and scrub may look untidy but are essential for providing food for many creatures and a small nettle patch can provide the food source for the caterpillars of some butterflies such as small tortoiseshell.

Stone or stone-faced walls also provide good habitats for many insects, small mammals and small birds to live in. Hedges should be managed in a sympathetic way to leave fruits and seeds into the autumn and winter and cover for nesting birds in the spring and summer.

Churchyards are vital havens for rare wildlife including dormice, bats and beetles, according to an extensive audit of burial grounds around the UK. Caring for God’s Acres mapped out 20,325 cemeteries, with 800,000 wildlife records submitted and more than 10,800 species recorded.

They discovered that these quiet sites are home to a huge variety of rare wildlife, with over a quarter of species recorded featuring on the Red List of endangered species. More than 80 of these were classified as threatened, vulnerable, endangered or critically endangered.

The charity is highlighting the importance of churchyards for wildlife and calling for them to be protected and bolstered so they can continue to play this role.In 2025 a new campaign will get under to inject new enthusiasm into the way churchyards are looked after.

There are more than 20,500 burial grounds across the UK, ranging from small areas of under a quarter of an acre, to expansive sites of hundreds of acres.

The charity’s biodiversity audit was compiled using records submitted by churchgoers as well as conservation organisations such as the British Trust for Ornithology, the British Lichen Society, Butterfly Conservation, and the Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland.

The public has been invited by the charity to visit their local churchyard and record the nature they find there. The organisation has so far managed to engage 30,000 people to contribute to their records.

Harriet Carty, director of Caring for God’s Acre, said: “The records show that over a quarter of the species documented are on the Red List, with more than 80 species classified as threatened, vulnerable, endangered or critically endangered.

“This includes species such as the dormouse, white-letter hairstreak, shepherd’s-needle and eagle’s claw lichen.”

Lisa Chilton, CEO of the National Biodiversity Network Trust, said: “Recording wildlife is essential to all our conservation efforts – after all, you can’t protect a species if you don’t know where it’s found”.

How to save water

THIS SUMMER With the prediction of a hot summer to follow the driest spring on record, the demand on watering our gardens looks like being huge so it’s a perfect time to think about water saving options The concern about how much water gardeners are using at the start of a new growing season led to a Water Saving Week by Waterwise, a not-for-profit organisation encouraging people to use water efficiently. The awareness week served as a reminder that by making small changes at home, we can protect one of our most valuable natural resources.

Over recent years, the UK has experienced an increasing amount of fluctuating weather patterns and extreme heatwaves so it’s more important than ever to manage how we use water, particularly in the garden.

There are plenty of simple steps gardeners can take to avoid wasting water:

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WATER AT THE RIGHT TIME OF DAY

Avoid watering plants during the hottest parts of the day, as most of the moisture evaporates before it reaches the roots and you will just be wasting the water. Early morning or late evening gives the water more time to soak into the soil where it can have a more gradual impact.

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FOCUS WATER WHERE IT’S NEEDED

Use a watering can with a rose attachment or a funnel and apply water directly to the soil around the base of your plants.

This prevents evaporation and avoids leaf scorch, especially in sunny weather.

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COLLECT AND REUSE RAINWATER

Install water butts to collect rainwater from roofs and downpipes. It’s free, better for your plants than treated tap water, and reduces your reliance on the mains water supply.

If your space allows, you can also direct rainwater runoff from patios or driveways, so it trickles into beds and borders.

4

Suggestions for community activities • • • • • •

Do not clean off gravestones, allow lichens to grow.

Encourage wildlife by leaving wild areas.

If you want a formal garden area, plant colourful nectar-rich flower beds for insects.

Erect nestboxes in trees.

Don’t mow the grass in some areas until late summer to allow wild flowers to grow and set seed.

Find out if there are bats in the church and seek advice on enhancing the building for bats.

MULCH TO KEEP MOISTURE IN

Adding a layer of mulch helps the soil retain water, reduces evaporation and suppresses weeds. In patio pots, decorative stone chippings can be used as an alternative mulch to stabilise the soil and lock in moisture.

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MOVE CONTAINERS TO A SHADY SPOT

During hot or dry spells, move pots, tubs and hanging baskets into a cooler, shaded area to help them retain moisture for longer and reduce the frequency of watering required.

www.countrygardener.co.uk

6

ADD WATER-RETAINING GEL TO COMPOST

Mix water-retaining granules into compost when planting containers to extend the time needed between watering and help your plants thrive during dry periods.

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FEED YOUR PLANTS WELL

Well-fed plants use water more effectively.

Provide your plants with a regular supply of nutrients to encourage strong root growth and help plants draw up moisture more efficiently.

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KEEP WEEDS UNDER CONTROL

Weeds compete with your plants for both water and nutrients. By removing them, you ensure more of the available moisture goes to the plants you want to grow.

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REUSE GREY WATER

Leftover water from washing vegetables, rinsing dishes or cooling the kettle can be reused in the garden, so long as it doesn’t contain harmful chemicals. It’s an easy way to reduce waste and give your plants an added boost.

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CHOOSE PLANTS THAT NEED LESS WATER

Alternatively, choose drought-tolerant plants such as lavender, rosemary and thyme. These hardy varieties thrive in dry conditions and still bring colour, texture, fragrance, and even cooking ingredients to your garden.”

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WATER FEATURE

The guaranteed way to bring your garden to life

PONDS LOOK STUNNING, ARE A MAGNET FOR WILDLIFE AND CAN ADD VALUE TO YOUR PROPERTY A garden pond is a guaranteed way to bring your garden to life, and is the only real way to bring a truly natural feel to your outdoor space.

Starting with the obvious, there’s no escaping the fact that garden ponds look simply stunning. The sparkling, rippling surface of a pond in the summer sunshine is a truly delightful sight, not to mention the beautiful focal point it adds to your garden. When surrounded by flowering plants, reeds and water lilies, a garden pond is a visual treat of colours and textures, plus a great source of botanical fragrances to enjoy while sitting in your garden.

There are few delights that measure up to the joy of seeing wildlife exploring and enjoying your garden. Somehow it makes us feel special and incredibly privileged; and so it should. A garden pond is a true wildlife magnet, providing homes, breeding grounds, bathing spots, food and a watering hole for all manner of creatures including birds, frogs, toads, newts and insects.

If you’ve got a particularly large garden it’s common to see large expanses of plain patio or lawn, which is quite uninspiring as well as a waste of good outdoor space. This is where the garden pond becomes a great option, as it makes use of that empty space in a natural way that benefits the environment. Besides, less grass to mow and smaller expanses of patio to wash and weed can’t be a bad thing.

Relaxation soundtracks aren’t filled with the sound of babbling water for nothing. Water noises are famously very calming and enjoyable to listen to, so installing a pond with a water feature is the perfect way to turn your garden into a haven of tranquility and peace. Think of it as a natural source of stress-relief for your home; you’ll find you’ll want to spend a lot more time outdoors with a garden pond to enjoy.

Even if you’re not considering moving home anytime soon, it can’t hurt to increase the value of your property while you live there. Property sales can be won or lost solely on the appearance of the garden, so adding a beautiful ornamental pond is a sure way to add that ‘buy me’ wow factor to your property and increase your chances of making a speedy house sale in the future.

Turn your garden into something extraordinary.

DIY PONDS MADE SIMPLE WITH OASE. Building a pond is easier than you think. Whether you want a peaceful wildlife spot or a striking water feature, Oase has the products, expert guidance and inspiration to build it your way.

Scan to read our DIY pond guide and start planning yours today.

01256 896 886 enquiries@oase.com www.oase.com/gb-en

30

Country Gardener

A POND CAN TRANSFORM MORE THAN JUST YOUR GARDEN It becomes a sanctuary; a peaceful, living space where nature can flourish. Whether you’re hoping to create a tranquil retreat for wildlife or a striking centerpiece that adds movement and sound to your garden, the possibilities are endless.

With the right approach, building a pond doesn’t have to be complicated. OASE offers everything you need: from equipment and inspiration to bring your vision to life, no matter your experience level.

A pond can bring a garden to life, it’s not just a project — it’s a chance to craft something extraordinary.

So why wait? Explore how easy it can be to build your own pond with OASE’s expert tips and guides.

Your garden deserves it... and so do you.

BE INSPIRED HERE: oase.com/gb-en/lifestyle/diy.html

A touch of the

MEDITERRANEAN Olive trees will grow profusely in UK gardens and while they may need some special care in winter, are well worth the trouble

The olive tree has become one of the most powerful symbols of the ancient world.

The olive has been a part of everyday life in the eastern Mediterranean since the beginnings of civilisation more than 6,000 years ago but began life as sprawling shrub in present day Syria and Lebanon.

Thousands of years of breeding have turned it into the tree we know today.

Dating back to ancient Greece, they are one of the oldest cultivated trees in the world, prized not only for their flavourful fruit but also for their many ornamental attributes. With their silvery foliage, gnarled trunks, and clusters of fragrant white flowers in spring, these distinctive trees are beautiful garden focal points in all seasons.

Although they grow best in a sunny Mediterranean climate, like that found along the California coast, it’s possible to grow olive trees almost anywhere if you protect them during harsh winters.

You can grow olive trees in containers and bring them indoors before freezing temperatures arrive. Dwarf varieties that grow no taller than six feet are ideal for that purpose.

It is a tree which has never been more popular than now in gardens, greenhouses and containers.

Olives are drought-tolerant evergreen trees with shimmering silvery foliage that love to bask in a warm, sunny and sheltered position. Whether you grow them in the ground or in a large container, they will add an instant touch of the Mediterranean and may sometimes in hot summers and southern gardens, reward you with a crop of attractivelooking fruit that need special preparation to make them edible.

Olives are available in many sizes from mature old trees with beautiful gnarled trunks that make the perfect focal point in a large garden, to half standards that take up very little space.

Plants can be planted in the soil in cool climates if you have a very sheltered town garden, but are more suitable for growing in large containers that can be given a sunny-spot outdoors in summer, then moved into a frost-free place overwinter.

Planting in the ground is best carried out in spring. Select a well-drained, sheltered site against or near a sunny wall. Stake plants until established.

Alternatively, plant in 30-35cm (12-14in) pots (or large enough to accommodate roots comfortably) filled with gritty, loam-based compost, mixing in some controlled release fertiliser granules.

Olives are ready for harvesting in autumn. Ripe green fruit will eventually turn black and firm on the plant. If you like green olives they will need soaking in salted water for several days to remove any bitterness and make them palatable. Black olives need dry curing in salt for several weeks until dehydrated then storing in olive oil or brine.

Growing an olive tree - Q&A IS TOMATO FEED GOOD FOR OLIVE TREES IN POTS? Yes, tomato feed can be beneficial for potted olive trees, particularly when used as a “tonic” or booster alongside a more regular slow-release fertiliser.

It can help encourage growth and fruit production, especially during the spring and early summer.

DO COFFEE GROUNDS HELP OLIVE TREES? Yes, coffee grounds can be beneficial for olive trees. They can help deter pests like ants and slugs, and they also add nitrogen to the soil, which is a beneficial nutrient for plant growth. However, olive trees may also thrive on other types of soil amendments like liquid seaweed extract or slow-release fertilisers, particularly when grown in containers.

ARE OLIVE TREES BETTER IN POTS OR CONTAINERS? Olive trees can be grown successfully in both pots and in the ground, but there are pros and cons to each method. In general, potted olive trees are a better option in colder climates or for those who want more control over the tree’s location and soil conditions.

www.countrygardener.co.uk

If you live in a warmer region or have a sheltered garden, planting in the ground may be preferable.

WHAT COMPOST BEST SUITS AN OLIVE TREE? In fact, good drainage is the most important thing to consider when growing olive trees either in pots or in the ground! Using a loam based compost such as John Innes No 3 is best and the addition of about 20per-cent grit will help a lot with drainage.

CAN YOU GROW OLIVE TREES IN A GREENHOUSE? With dedication and patience, even beginners can cultivate healthy olive trees in a greenhouse, leading to bountiful harvests and enjoying the beauty and history of these remarkable trees.

HOW DO YOU REVIVE A STRUGGLING OLIVE TREE? Check the soil periodically and water thoroughly when the soil is dry to a depth of one inch – check with your finger. Be patient with the olive tree, it will grow slowly during the autumn and winter, don’t overwater! But don’t let the soil dry out completely.

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GARDEN VISITS

PENNARD HOUSE

GARDENS TO VISIT

East Pennard, Shepton Mallet, Somerset BA4 6TP Opening for the National Garden Scheme on Tuesday 10th June from 12pm until 5pm, two delightful separate gardens, both with extensive lawns, mature trees, rose beds, rustic topiary, a Victorian spring fed swimming pool and ponds. The garden layout dates from 1835 when the Napier family enlarged the main house and acquired the house next door. Next door, Pennard Plants, will also open for plant purchasing, with a selection of edible plants, fruit trees, herbs and seeds. Admission £6, children free.

in June

compiled by Vivienne Lewis Here’s a selection of lovely June gardens opening for the National Garden Scheme to raise much needed funds for nursing and caring charities. So get away from the tasks at home and spend a relaxing time in someone else’s garden while helping to raise funds for deserving charities. We advise checking wherever possible before starting out on a journey as circumstances can force cancellations in private gardens. www.ngs.org.uk

STANDERWICK COURT Standerwick, Frome, Somerset BA11 2PP Open on Saturday 21st June from 11am to 4pm for the NGS, a hidden gem near the Somerset/Wiltshire border, with far-reaching views over the White Horse and Cley Hill, a garden around a stunning Queen Anne House nestled in 76 acres of parkland, with ha-ha and woodland partially surrounding the formal gardens recently redesigned by Mark Lutyens and Catherine Fitzgerald to include an Italian inspired terrace, walled garden with tiki hut, tennis court, greenhouse and pool garden. Admission £7.50, children free.

THE GLEBE HOUSE Church Lane, Shipton Moyne, Tetbury, Gloucestershire GL8 8PW

OHIO Star Hill, Forest Green Nailsworth, Stroud, Gloucestershire GL6 0NJ

A new opening for the NGS on Sunday 8th and Monday 9th June from 12pm until 5pm each day. The four acres of gardens and grounds of the former Rectory has double herbaceous border, a walled kitchen and flower garden, ornamental statuary and water features, swimming pool garden, greenhouses and a paddock with goats, chickens and ponies; path through the orchard to a copse with a small folly; walks round the pond and stream to Hodges Barn or to another folly with views of the Church. Admission £7.50, children free.

Opens for the NGS on Sunday 8th June from 12pm until 5pm, a medium sized garden on a slope with far reaching views with two wildlife ponds, plus dedicated areas for wildlife. Herbaceous borders packed with colour from perennials, bulbs, grasses, roses and shrubs, patios with many colourfully planted containers and pots, plenty of seating areas taking in the fabulous views. Admission £5, children free.

TULIP TREE Donhead St. Mary, Shaftesbury, Dorset SP7 9DL

STONELEIGH

A new opening for the NGS on Sunday 22nd June from 2pm until 5pm, two acres of paddock with mown paths behind house and an acre of garden dominated by 120 year old Liriodendron tulipifera, and the Nothofagus trees from South America. The garden is divided into separate areas by mature hedges and old stone walls, with recent additions of the patio and rose garden. Admission £5, children free.

OUR KEY TO FACILITIES:

32

Walditch, Bridport DT6 4LB Another new opening for the NGS on Saturday 21st and Sunday 22nd June from 1.30pm-5.30pm. An amphitheatre is the dramatic backdrop to this garden which is approached via a rockery and opens to terracing, busy borders, undulating lawns and groups of trees. Two ponds are linked by a stream and a raised area has a fish pond with fountain; bed of ornamental grasses, enclosed vegetable area, greenhouse and fruit cage, and large patio.

Admission £6, children free.

Refreshments available

Plants usually for sale

Wheelchair access to much of garden

Partial wheelchair access

Unsuitable for wheelchairs

Dogs on short leads

No dogs allowed

Visitors welcome by arrangement

Coaches welcome consult owners

Accommodation at this venue

Picnics welcome

Country Gardener

DRAX HOUSE, Orcheston, Salisbury, Wiltshire SP3 4RL A new opening for the NGS on Saturday 7th June from 1.30pm-5.30pm, a relaxed informal farmhouse garden that’s still evolving, lovingly reclaimed over the last 12 years with areas awaiting further work, with herbaceous border, small wildlife pond and some wilder areas. Walled kitchen garden with raised beds filled with vegetables and cutting garden. Several seating areas, some narrow and uneven paths and steps.

Admission £5, children free.

BUCKS HEAD HOUSE GARDEN MAWARDEN COURT Stratford Road, Stratford Sub Castle, Wiltshire SP1 3LL Opening for the NGS on Sunday 15th June between 2pm and 5pm, there are mixed shrub and herbaceous borders set around the 17th century house (not open). There’s a pergola walk, rose garden and white beam avenue down to River Avon, with pond pontoon and walk through newly planted woodland. Admission £6, children free.

Trengove Cross, Constantine, Cornwall TR11 5QR An enchanting cottage and woodland gardens of native and rare trees, shrubs and perennials, opening for the NGS on Fridays 13th and 27th June, 2pm4.30pm each day, 1½ acres on a south facing Cornish hillside with panoramic views. Protected by essential windbreak hedging, the collection of plants has been chosen to create an intriguing woodland garden and increase biodiversity. Also open on dates in July and August, see the NGS website above. Admission £6, children free.

LOWER HOUSE FARM Vine Lane, Sutton, Tenbury Wells, Worcestershire WR15 8RL Opening for the NGS on Sunday 8th June, 11am-4pm, this award-winning country garden surrounding a16th century farmhouse (not open) on a working farm has herbaceous borders, roses, box-parterre, productive kitchen and cutting garden, spring garden, ha-ha allowing wonderful views. Wildlife pond, numerous footpaths across the farm land. Home to Kyre Equestrian Centre with access to safe rides and riding events. Admission £5, children free.

MOELFRYN

MIDSUMMER HOUSE

Llandeilo Road, Castel y Rhingyll, Gorslas, Llanelli, Carmarthenshire SA14 7LU Opening for the NGS on Sundays and Tuesdays throughout June from Sunday 1st, Tuesday 3rd; then dates in July, August and September, from 10.30am until 4.30pm each open day. (Check with the NGS website, above). A 1/3 acre Welsh hillside eco-friendly garden with herbs, fruit and vegetable, shrubs, perennials, trees, mini meadow and orchard; cranesbills, hydrangeas, clematis and wisteria; cold frames, wormery, hot bin, pond, stumpery, and a propagation area. Hen keeping and holding advice can be given. Admission £4, children free.

Woolstone, Faringdon, Oxfordshire SN7 7QL Midsummer Garden which opens for the NGS on Friday 6th June from 2pm-5pm (and other dates in July, August, September and October, see the NGS website above), was designed by Justin Spink for his parents, Anthony and Penny Spink, in 2015. In 2018 Mike and Ann Collins continued designing and planting the garden. Across the road is a newly planted arboretum and nature reserve established 2019. Admission £5, children free.

www.countrygardener.co.uk

33

GARDEN VISITS

ERMECOT HOUSE Ermington, Ivybridge, Devon PL21 0LH A new opening for the NGS on Saturday 14th and Sunday 15th June from 12pm until 5pm each day, with 3½ acres of gardens and meadows located between the Erme and the Ludbrook managed to encourage wildlife and pollinators; a walled garden planted with roses and herbaceous borders, a newly remodelled vegetable and herb garden, a mature orchard, and river and meadow walks with views over the Ludbrook, which runs through it. Admission £6, children free.

WOODEND GARDENS Woodend Road, Crow, Ringwood, Hampshire BH24 3DG Two gardens opening for the NGS on Saturday 14th and Sunday 15th June from 11am until 5pm each day, Trolls Mead a one-acre garden with yearround interest; the wooded area and lake is still under construction but all are welcome to explore; the bottom meadow with its mown paths has SSSI status with natural wild flowers including wild orchids. Hollyhurst is a two-acre site of mature trees, shrubs and herbaceous perennials created on a freely draining acid soil, with ponds and small sculptures. Joint admission £10, children free.

WELL HOUSE Garway Hill, Hereford, Herefordshire HR2 8RT Opening for the NGS on Saturday 28th and Sunday 29th June, from 10.30am until 4.30pm, this hillside garden of about an acre with views over Orcop on Garway Hill created on a steep bank with steps and narrow paths, with nature in mind. Herbaceous beds, mature trees, shrubs, wide collection of acers and unusual plants, vegetable garden, polytunnel, bog garden seating areas, on a working smallholding with Dutch Spotted Sheep. Admission £5, children free.

MOWHAY Merton, Okehampton, Devon EX20 3DS Another new opening for the NGS on Saturday 21st and Sunday 22nd June from 10am until 4pm, a developing three year old, ¾ acre garden with countryside views featuring ornamental ponds linked by a waterfall, cottage style interspersed with some unusual plants, variety of native/non native trees, a white garden, bonsai collection, roses, recycled structures/ornaments, areas managed for wildlife, a courtyard garden, and vegetable patch. Admission £6, children free.

MILL HOUSE Vyne Road, Sherborne St John, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG24 9HU Opening for the NGS on Thursday 26th and Sunday 29th June, 2pm6pm each day, set in a private valley, the three acres of domestic fruit, vegetables, wild flowers and casual planting are arranged around a power generating watermill.

Sustainability and low maintenance lie at its heart. Open views, mature trees and livestock, with moving and static water framed in an undulating landscape. Admission £5, children free.

34

Country Gardener

TRELAN Wharf Road, Lelant, St Ives, Cornwall TR26 3DU Opening for the NGS on Saturday 28th, 2pm-5pm, Trelan has a distinctly tropical feel, with a swimming pond surrounded by lush vegetation, an Italianate sunken garden, a fern garden, numerous young trees and countless Echium pininana. There’s also an echium root sculpture and lots of pathways. Admission £6, children free.

Prestbury Open Gardens 2025

supporting St. Mary’s Church, Prestbury and several local charities

Saturday 14th & Sunday 15th June, 1pm – 5pm Tickets £7.50 (accompanied children free) from the Library, St. Mary’s Church & our free off-road car parks, or in advance from the Dearly Pre-loved shop in Prestbury New gardens, Cream teas, Homemade cakes, Plant sales, Raffle

Enjoy magical summer walks... amongst the beautiful wildflowers, browse our garden centre and gift shop and enjoy delicious food whilst soaking up the sun from the deck of our café. A perfect day out for all the family – including the dog!

www.prestburyopengardens.org prestburyopengardens@gmail.com

OPEN GARDEN AT DOWN AMPNEY HOUSE Down Ampney, Cirencester GL7 5QW

In aid of All Saints’ Church Path Appeal THE WEEKENDS of 5th/6th and 12th/13th July - 10am to 4pm

Adult £7, Child under 14 free Stroll round the garden, have a cup of tea and a piece of cake.

SPECIAL 'TWILIGHT' EVENING 6pm to 8pm on 6th July For a guided tour to include wine and cheese – £15 per person

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35

TIME OFF

READER’S STORY

Diary events from clubs and organisations in

THE COTSWOLDS

My mission for

front gardens Local councillor Andrea Foster has been trying to get home owners to get involved in gardening and try and make their front garden more attractive for themselves and for the community.

I have been on a bit of a mission in Bristol.

It is all to do with front gardens – and how to make them a little more attractive.

Once upon a time and I guess in the days where there were no cars which needed a parking space, front gardens were things to be proud of- they may not have been very big but so many people produced mini gardens which were colourful and added to the look of the street and to their individual homes.

Then the car came along. People wanted to park on their own drive and what happened – the front garden was sacrificed. Along came paving. Out went plants and hedging.

Front gardens help turn our towns and cities into green and pleasant places to be. Yet many are being paved over to provide parking for the millions of cars we own. RHS research found that almost a quarter of the front gardens are now completely paved.

I’m a local councillor in the city and one of my wishes is that we get more residents interested in gardening and specifically interested in making the front of their house more attractive. We have been working for about a year on a careful and subtle approach to get the message over. We know people don’t have a lot of money but the big thing is to give them ideas and encouragement. I know many towns and cities have been trying to get this message over and it’s resulted in some collaboration between the council and homeowners.

If you need to park outside your house, the most logical solution is to pave over the garden. This is certainly a practical option, but with a bit of imagination you can combine paving with an attractive and welcoming garden. And by using materials that allow rainwater to penetrate the ground below, the hard surfaces you do install will shed less water that could otherwise contribute to flooding.

If the car is moved regularly, then there are plants you can grow that will tolerate being parked over. These need to be low-growing so the car does not brush them, and tough enough to withstand the occasional running over. One of our leaflets advises trying creeping jenny (Lysimachia nummularia), bugle (Ajuga reptans) and thymes such as Thymus serpyllum. Just leave planting pockets in the paving or gravel to ensure there is soil for them to grow in, rather than hardcore or a bed of concrete.

This is what we have been advising and the message is starting to get through.

Tips for squeezing plants into the front garden 1. Fill up the corners: you usually can’t park here so plant instead.

2. Go up the wall: climbers and wall shrubs take up little space. And they don’t only look great, they’ll insulate your home too, saving on heating bills.

3. Hedge your bets: rather than walls or fences, grow a hedge to filter out particulate (dust) pollution to help you breath more easily. It will provide a home for wildlife too.

4. Growing up: with a slender trunk, a tree can take your greenery up and over the cars.

5. No soil? Plant in containers: Even 100 per cent paved gardens can be made greener by using containers.

6. Keep paving to a minimum.

7. Remember it is possible to park and garden.

8. Keep dust and pollution on the streets with a hedge.

36

Welcome to our June Time Off and details of gardening club and association events and meetings over the next few weeks throughout the Cotswolds. This is a popular, free service in Country Gardener and if you would like to take advantage of it and give events some publicity and promotion then email them to us at editorial@countrygardener.co.uk

May 28TH Wickhamford Gardening Club ‘THE SALVIA FAMILY’ - ROBERT CHAMPION

June 1ST BOX VILLAGE, NR MINCHINHAMPTON OPEN GARDENS 12pm-5pm. details on 01453 833588 Little Bucklers, Brockley, BS48 3AZ NGS OPEN GARDEN 1pm - 5.30pm 3RD Snitterfield Garden Club MONTHLY MEETING Details on 07831 178864 9TH West Moors Horticultural Society ‘CAREYS, FINDING THE REAL SECRET GARDEN’ - SIMON CONSTANTINE Details on 01202 871536 10TH Frome Selwood Horticultural Society ‘CLIMATE CHANGE GARDEN’ - SALLY MORGAN Details on 07776 208531 12TH Cheltenham Horticultural Society ‘BORDERING ON INSANITY’ - TIMOTHY WALKER Details on 01242 691135 18TH Winchcombe Gardening Club ‘THE NATURAL WORLD OF GLOUCESTERSHIRE’ - ROBERT BRYANT www.winchcombegardeningclub.uk 22ND Alcester GARDEN WALKABOUT IN AID OF CANCER RESEARCH UK 12noon - 5pm. Tickets £6. U11s free Details on 01789 764756

DO YOU HAVE ANY EVENTS YOU’D LIKE TO PUBLICISE?

It’s free!

Are you part of a garden club or society?

Please send us your diary for the year - we’d love to include your talks and shows

Send them into us by email giving us 10 weeks notice of the event: timeoff@countrygardener.co.uk or by post to: Mount House, Halse, Taunton, TA4 3AD.

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37

TREE SPECIALIST

IN PRAISE OF

Fagus sylvatica Mark Hinsley writes in praise of the wonderful common beech, a native British tree whose bright green and copper foliage takes a lot of beating.

I was stood in a lady’s garden in Dorset. A recent retiree, not long moved here from London, we were talking about the countryside and trees.

“Are you familiar with the beeches at Badbury Rings?”

I asked (I was referring to the two and a half mile long avenue of 731 beeches planted either side of a newly built turnpike road by William John Bankes of Kingston Lacey House in 1835).

“No” she replied, “we prefer to go to Sandbanks!” (wrong kind of beach !).

Part of my gruelling commute takes me along that stretch of road twice a day.

Every year I wonder about the origin of those trees.

Where did the seed come from? Did it all come from the same source?

The reason I wonder is that from the first specimens coming into leaf (which are always the same ones) until the last specimen breaks dormancy, takes more than a month.

The beech is a British native tree, despite Julius Ceasar’s claims to the contrary. He didn’t look very far, his ‘victorious’ trip was a PR exercise. A bit like J D Vance waving from the top of the airplane steps at an empty airfield in Greenland.

I came, I saw, I quickly went home again.

But the beech is not only a British Native tree. Beech are native to the whole of Europe, apart from Northern Scandinavia. Where the seed was originally sourced from can have an impact upon the time it comes into leaf, triggered mostly by day length.

Beech is not a timber used in the building of structures, however it is used extensively for the making of furniture.

Good quality timber can also be used for making veneers.

Beech wood turns nicely. Spalted beech, the wood with black lines running through it, is favoured for making wooden bowls etc. But a word of caution, those black lines are caused by fungi – so it is recommended to wear a mask when turning spalted beech to avoid breathing in the spores.

There are various varieties of beech – the most wellknown being the copper beech – loved by many, loathed by some. I remember sitting up on one of Dorset’s old hillforts looking down on the tree planting around a small country house where alternate copper and common beech had been planted. It struck me as the country estate equivalent of alternate alyssum and lobelia down the garden path.

The fastigiate beech is a narrow, upright tree useful for putting some native foliage into a confined space, whilst the weeping beech is handy if you have an acre of land that you don’t know what to do with. I will never forget the magnificent specimen at Knaphill in Surrey, walking under it was like walking into a cathedral.

Editorial

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Kate Lewis editorial@countrygardener.co.uk

There are other variants, my favourite being the cut leaf beech – Fagus sylvatica var. heterophylla. Alan Mitchell reckoned there were many of them in Bath, my favourites are at Stourhead. The way the sunlight filters through the fern cut leaves is magical. Walk under them and look up – not straight at the sun!

Surprisingly for such a potentially large tree, the beech makes a fine hedge. Here a phenomenon known as marcescence causes the old leaves to remain on the twigs right through the winter and only be shed in the spring when new growth kicks off. This only occurs in what we call the juvenile cone, so mature trees lose this trait as they develop.

But for all the varieties a magnificent specimen of common beech with spring sunlight on its bright green foliage takes an awful lot of beating.

Mark Hinsley, of Mark Hinsley Arboricultural Consultants Ltd, offering tree consultancy services. www.treeadvice.info

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The Country Gardener magazines are distributed FREE at Nurseries, garden centres, National Trust Properties, open gardens, garden machinery specialists, country stores and farm shops in each county. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored or made available in any form, without the written permission of the copyright holder and Publisher, application for which should be made to the Publisher. Unsolicited material: do not send or submit your only version of manuscripts and/or photographs/transparencies to us as these cannot be returned to you. While every care is taken to ensure that material submitted is priced accurately and completely, we cannot be responsible or liable for any loss or damage suffered.

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38

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