dissertation research on coliving rental space

DISSERTATION ON

“Concept Of Co-Living Rental Space” (Towards A New Future Of Housing)

SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT FOR THE AWARD OF THE DEGREE OF BACHELOR OF ARCHITECTURE

SUBMITTED BY PRAGYA CHATTREE

GUIDED BY AR. P.K. JAIN

SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE DR. K.N. MODI UNIVERSITY NEWAI-304021 2019

SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE DR. K.N. MODI UNIVERSITY NEWAI – 304021 2019

CERTIFICATE In the partial fulfilment of the B.ARCH degree program, this is to certify that PRAGYA CHATTREE has worked on the Dissertation project entitled.

“CONCEPT OF CO-LIVING RENTAL SPACE” As a research based project under our guidance and supervision

Ar. P.K. Jain Dissertation guide External Examiner

Principal

DECLARATION

I Pragya Chattree hereby declare that the Dissertation entitled Concept of Co-living rental space submitted in the partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of the degree of Bachelors of Architecture is my original design/ research work and that the information taken from secondary sources is given due citations and references.

Pragya Chattree Roll. No: 2015BAR013 Date:

B.Arch. Final

Place:

2019 - 2020

CONCEPT OF CO-LIVING RENTAL SPACES

1

SYNOPSIS INTRODUCTION:

•

•

Before explaining the new concept of co-living rental space it is important to understand the followingWhy co-living?

Housing has an essential role in economic development of each country. The need for housing is not only one of the basic human basics, but also the indicator of living standard of the population. Today it is a topical issue that housing has to be comfortable, economical and reasonably maintainable, as well as architectonically expressive and compliant with the environment.

In context of the urban housing crisis due to high urbanization rate, co-living has emerged as one of the solutions, to achieve affordable housing, optimal urban community and quality life.

Co-living is a modern form of communal living in which residents get a private bedroom in a furnished home or space with minimum common areas like kitchen, balcony, dining area and common study area for students. It is popular in major cities as a means of affordable living for students, employment seekers or individual migrant.

How co-living rental space is pursued in urban area?

With growing urbanisation, immigration and demographics, there exists an acute and pervasive problem of shortage of affordable homes in the urban area, which largely affects Y generation, amongst other demographic groups. Young people are flocking to urban area for opportunities and the housing stock just isn’t growing as fast as their migration. To make over the short fall, migrant accommodation is growing in an unorganized sector and unplanned colonies, which is to be improved and corrected. And then planned and quality of life are the major to be improved.

Co-living spaces are the next natural step and the preferred solution for solving the housing crisis, serving a much wider private rental market for the young professionals and students who are struggling to find suitable accommodation.

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CONCEPT OF CO-LIVING RENTAL SPACES

•

2

How co-living rental space has evolved with changing time?

Cities are the engine of economic growth, so new generations need for employment or education has led them to move towards developed cities basically metropolitan cities where the cost of living is usually high and expensive.

And as the young generation keeps on changing their location either for education, for work experience for economic betterment or just to pursue their skills, they face many problems with the increase in urbanization of the city and solutions to these problems are the new contemporary trend which has gradually led the people to opt for co-living spaces. These trends area renting and sharing trend where people prefer renting or sharing the product instead of buying one, stabilizing the career first for the betterment of the future, the distance and time issue forcing people to live near work space (mainly in the city core).

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3

AIM: To study the concept of improved quality life through co-living housing in the organized rental housing market and to find the affordable and planned design strategies of co-living for new building as well as for retrofitting it in an existing building.

To study the new concept of co-living housing, to make living affordable as well as to improve the quality of life in the organized rental housing market and to find the affordable and planned design strategies for a co-living building.

OBJECTIVE: • • • •

To study the importance of co-living housing w.r.t the present housing situation.

To study the advantages of affordable co-living houses for the upcoming future.

To study the difference between traditional rentals and co-living houses.

To study the design challenges/requirements for co-living housing in both, new and existing buildings.

• To study about the facilities and services to be provided in co-living house according to the different category of people.

NEED OF THE PROJECT: • • •

To provide a better environment housing to migrants who are coming to urbans (especially metropolitan cities) for employment or education.

As well as to develop an affordable surrounding with all major facilities and amenities at affordable cost for the betterment of living.

To improve social interaction between urban people.

LIMITATIONS: • • •

The study is restricted for urban areas only.

The study deals with affordable and rental housing projects for MIG economic groups only.

The study works on co-living policy only

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CONCEPT OF CO-LIVING RENTAL SPACES

METHODOLOGY:

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CONCEPT OF CO-LIVING RENTAL SPACES

Table of Contents SYNOPSIS ................................................................................................................................................... 1 1

MOTIVATION OF THE STUDY ................................................................................................................ 8 1.1

INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................. 8

1.2

URBANISATION ............................................................................................................................. 8

1.3

IMPACT OF URBANIZATION ON HOUSING.................................................................................... 9

1.3.1

HIGH COST OF LAND AND HOUSING:.................................................................................... 9

1.3.2

HOUSING SHORTAGE: ........................................................................................................... 9

1.3.3

HOUSING SCENARIO FOR DEMOGRAPHIC GROUPS ........................................................... 10

1.4

1.4.1

CURRENT RENTAL SCENARIO .............................................................................................. 11

1.4.2

REASON FOR HIGH INCREASE IN RENTAL HOUSING AND RENTAL VALUE: ........................ 11

1.4.3

DEMAND AND SUPPLY OF RENTAL HOUSING ..................................................................... 11

1.5

2

3

MODERN TRENDS ....................................................................................................................... 13

1.5.1

STABILIZING THE CAREER FIRST .......................................................................................... 13

1.5.2

RENTING AND SHARING Trend ........................................................................................... 13

1.5.3

DISTANCE AND TIME ISSUES ............................................................................................... 13

CO-LIVING ........................................................................................................................................... 14 2.1

INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................... 14

2.2

WHAT IS CO-LIVING? ................................................................................................................... 15

2.3

IMPORTANCE OF CO-LIVING SPACES .......................................................................................... 18

2.4

CHARACTERISTICS OF CO-LIVING SPACES ................................................................................... 20

2.5

CO-LIVING MARKET IN INDIA ...................................................................................................... 21

2.5.1

MARKET SITUATION ............................................................................................................ 21

2.5.2

DEMAN AND SUPPLY........................................................................................................... 22

2.5.3

FUTURE SCOPE .................................................................................................................... 22

LITERATURE STUDIES AND CASE STUDIES OF CO-LIVING SPACES ...................................................... 23 3.1

LITERATURE STUDY ..................................................................................................................... 23

3.1.1

LT Josai Japan ...................................................................................................................... 23

3.1.2

CO- RESIDENCE.................................................................................................................... 26

3.2

4

SITUATION FOR RENTAL HOUSING ............................................................................................. 11

CASE STUDY................................................................................................................................. 29

3.2.1

INDUS .................................................................................................................................. 29

3.2.2

HOSTELLER, PUSHKAR ......................................................................................................... 32

COMPARISON B/W NORMAL RENTAL AND CO-LIVING RENTAL HOUSING ........................................ 36 4.1

The organized and unorganized rental market.......................................................................... 36

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4.2 5

DESIGNING STRATEGIES AND CHALLENGES........................................................................................ 39 5.1

IMPORTANT AREAS AND SPACES IN CO-LIVING ......................................................................... 39

5.2

Design Considerations................................................................................................................. 40

5.2.1

The overall building ............................................................................................................. 41

5.2.2

The Shared Space ................................................................................................................ 42

5.2.3

The private unit ................................................................................................................... 45

5.3

6

TRADITIONAL VS. CO-LIVING....................................................................................................... 37

DESIGN TECHNIQUES .................................................................................................................. 52

5.3.1

MICRO APARTMENTS: ......................................................................................................... 52

5.3.2

MODULAR APARTMENTS: ................................................................................................... 53

5.3.3

RETROFITTING CO-LIVING IN OLD BUILDINGS: ................................................................... 55

CONCLUSION ....................................................................................................................................... 56

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List of Figures Figure 1: Rate of urbanization growth in india ............................................................................................. 8 Figure 2: Data of working professionals and students willing to spend on monthly rentals ..................... 12 Figure 3 LT Josai interior view-1.................................................................................................................. 23 Figure 4 LT Josai interior view-2 Figure 5 LT Josia interior view-3.................................................................................................................. 23 Figure 6 JT Josai Site plan with ground floor plan....................................................................................... 24

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1 MOTIVATION OF THE STUDY 1.1 INTRODUCTION This chapter provides a brief overview of the underlying problem of housing crisis that this study is looking to address – the increased difficulty that individuals, particularly the young, face in getting on the property ladder and becoming homeowners. It thus sets the context for this study.

In addition to providing an overview of recent trends, it also provides an overview of the socio-economic situations related to co-living spaces. That is to say, why policymakers should care about the fact that the people are preferring shared living and renting spaces instead of owning one in the urban India.

This study briefly answers the three major questions, • why coliving?

• How it is pursued in urban areas?

• How co-living ha evolved with changing time

1.2 URBANISATION Urbanization plays a crucial role in the economic development of any nation.

According to the 2011 census, India has a population of 1.2 billion citizens; 31.1% of the population or around 377 million people reside in urban agglomerations, this is not as high as some other developing countries and leaves significant headroom for rapid migration in the future.

▪

Figure 1: Rate of urbanization growth in india

1.Bridging the Urban Housing Shortage in India, by KPMG 2.CHALLENGES & OPPORTUNITIES FOR THE HOUSING SECTOR IN URBAN INDIA- A Cushman&Wakefield Research Publication 3.STATE OF HOUSING IN INDIA by Government of India, Ministry of Housing and Urban Poverty Alleviation AND National Buildings Organisation

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HOUSING INFRASTRUCTURE SENARIO

▪ ▪ ▪ ▪

Presently, urban India is home to 377 million people Urban India is expected to house 600 million people by 2031, an increase of 59% from 2011.

Rapid urbanization has caused wide spread environmental degradation in the country India ranks 134th among 137 countries; has the world’s most unclean air and Indian cities are deficient in basic amenities such as clean drinking water, sanitation and lighting facilities.

1.3 IMPACT OF URBANIZATION ON HOUSING With a high rate of urbanization significant changes have taken place. The effect of urbanization in terms of housing can be summed up as follows: 1.3.1

HIGH COST OF LAND AND HOUSING: Land prices are critical factors in access to housing. As urbanization leads to the high growth of population in a developed surrounding or area, which leads to a great demand of land and as the housing stock just isn’t growing as fast as the urbanization growth rate, the cost of land is increasing with time. High land prices resulting from market forces (demand and supply) and restrictive framework together with low incomes of many households turning land into a single biggest component of legal housing.

1.3.2

HOUSING SHORTAGE: • According to the Ministry of Housing and Urban Poverty Alleviation (MHUPA) in 2012 there were 18.78 million units housing units short in urban India; • Indian urban population in 2001 was 27.8% of the total population.

• Over 5 decades, the annual growth of urban population ranged between 2.7 to 3.8%. During last decade it increased at annual rate of 2.7%.

• High concentration in large cities • Of the total urban housing shortage, nearly 62 percent houses are self-owned, while 38 percent families live in rented homes.

The below table illustrates the break-up of housing shortage in both these categories in urban India :

1.Bridging the Urban Housing Shortage in India, by KPMG 2.CHALLENGES & OPPORTUNITIES FOR THE HOUSING SECTOR IN URBAN INDIA- A Cushman&Wakefield Research Publication 3.STATE OF HOUSING IN INDIA by Government of India, Ministry of Housing and Urban Poverty Alleviation AND National Buildings Organisation

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CONCEPT OF CO-LIVING RENTAL SPACES

1.3.3

HOUSING SCENARIO FOR DEMOGRAPHIC GROUPS Due to high urbanisation, housing shortage problems are being faced by the millennial in urban area, especially the migrants who move to the cities for establishing and stabilizing their career and the demographic group people who prefer to live near work place to reduce traveling time and cost.

For the millennial population, job mobility is the primary priority and home ownership is secondary. Home ownership is a decision postponed for later stages of life until they are well settled in their jobs and family life.

The demographic group people specially the MIG economic group suffers too much for the up to the mark qualities and facilities they require within in their budget, as due to high urbanisation there is increase in cost of almost everything from housing price to housing services and facilities there are a lot of basic facilities required by MIG people such as wifi facility, housekeeping service and basic household requirements but due to high price they are unable to afford it.

1.Bridging the Urban Housing Shortage in India, by KPMG 2.CHALLENGES & OPPORTUNITIES FOR THE HOUSING SECTOR IN URBAN INDIA- A Cushman&Wakefield Research Publication 3.STATE OF HOUSING IN INDIA by Government of India, Ministry of Housing and Urban Poverty Alleviation AND National Buildings Organisation

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CONCEPT OF CO-LIVING RENTAL SPACES

1.4 SITUATION FOR RENTAL HOUSING 1.4.1

CURRENT RENTAL SCENARIO Two very clear trends that appear in the tenure scenario.

• Rental housing Is higher at the city level than at the overall country level in developing cities.

• Rental housing is higher in developed countries at both the country and city level.

In India as the median age for marriage is climbing up for both men and women, the need for more options rental housing for singles is also increasing. Unlike Gen X, homes are not the same emotional investments as they used to be. Rather, homes are viewed as a consumption product which suits housing requirements in a particular phase of life.

For students pursuing higher education, fresh graduates, single women, bachelors, and double income no kids (DINK) couples, homes are transitionary commodities that can be upgraded as they move on in life.

Other than that, most of the youth from the age group of 21-29 is expected to have unconventional lifestyle preferences and no-compromise attitude. They usually like to live nearby to their workplace at a good location instead of cheaper peripheral locations.

“While earlier generations moved to the peripheral locations to fulfill their dreams of owning a house, millennials refuse to compromise,” said Ankit Bhartiya, Senior Executive, JLL’s research team.

“They do not mind staying in rented accommodation. With more millennials entering the workforce, the demand for rental housing is expected to go up.”

1.4.2

REASON FOR HIGH INCREASE IN RENTAL HOUSING AND RENTAL VALUE: ▪ Economic revival and boosting of the business sector ▪ The huge rate of inward migrants mainly because of the young and mobile workforce has been moving location in search of a job.

▪ Easy connectivity and improved infrastructure facility.

1.4.3

DEMAND AND SUPPLY OF RENTAL HOUSING 1. ALTERNATIVE HOUSING -Floating population and city’s population segment (who cannot afford any ownership) 2. MIGRANTS -Major component of the tenant population of a city.

Types of migrants: ▪ Long-Term Permanent Migrants- Intention of settling down in urban area through regular employment, but keep ties with the native village/town

1. India’s rental housing by Arjun kumar 2.National urban rental housing policy by Government of India, Ministry of Housing and Urban Poverty Alleviation 3.Rentalhousingininformalsettlementsbycentreforurbanequity

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CONCEPT OF CO-LIVING RENTAL SPACES

▪

Seasonal Migrants- Ones who stay in the urban areas for more than 60 days in a year but return back for some period.

▪

Migrants Tied To The Employers- Ones moving from one place of employment to another, and about who no estimates or personal resources are available

DATA FOR THE DEMAND OF RENTAL HOUNING AMONG THE DEMOGRAPHIC GROUP `

Figure 2: Data of working professionals and students willing to spend on monthly rentals

Looking at occupation types, for both private service professionals as well as student categories, the INR 10,000–15,000 per month rental category garnered maximum responses with 37% and 45% of the respective populations willing to spend up to this amount monthly for renting a roof over their head.

Of the overall respondents, 90% belonged to the millennial age bracket, Of the millennial demographic of 18–35 years of age, 48% of the respondents belonged to the 24–29 age group. Nearly 69% of the total millennial respondents are currently employed in private employment while 18% are students. Both these categories accounted for 87% of total responses.

An interesting trend that emerged from the study was that 34% of total millennial respondents are in the higher annual income bracket of INR 8 lakhs and consider multiple factors while selecting a location for their current accommodation needs

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CONCEPT OF CO-LIVING RENTAL SPACES

1.5 MODERN TRENDS Millennials have redefined adulthood following the trend of the contemporary world, where they encounter with the modern problems with the solution to sort them.

These trends/problrms are1.5.1

STABILIZING THE CAREER FIRST As demographic group people are busy in stabilizing their career and choosing to get married later in their lives. They’re craving experience over isolation, knowing where and how to save money for their future. The delayed marriage and high work ethics trend is another major reason for people opting for co-living spaces and is reducing the requirement for traditional residential space as well as increasing the demand for flexible lifestyle-based housing.

1.5.2

RENTING AND SHARING Trend It is hard to buy new products or transporting the products to new places, each and every time you switch place, so these young customers are now using tech-enabled renting and sharing services to hire an array of products - furniture, consumer appliances, cabs and cars. The online renting and sharing market is set to change the way we consume goods and service.

Now people prefer hiring it, using it and then returning it back which helps them to save a lot of money as compared to buying the whole new product. Even the transport network companies like ola and uber, they don’t buy their own cars rather they hire the cars from others and then use them as cabs in the transportation market.Similar trend can be observed in the housing business where people prefer renting house instead of buying and sharing the space with others to make it more affordable.

Moreover the success of Uber and Airbnb proves that Millennials are not attached to properties or cars or even ownership in general. For many, it is simply no longer desirable to live in a large house or to own many cars. On the other hand, flexibility, like month-to-month leases and having someone to take care of the apartment while gone is very important.

1.5.3

DISTANCE AND TIME ISSUES In metropolitan area workspaces are at a great distance, so much time is consumed in travelling, so no time for basic household work. Therefore for many renters, having the workplace within walking or biking distance is more important than owning a luxurious apartment. At this point co-living itself provides all basic services and facilities due to which the people can relax in their free time instead on indulging in household works.

Thus co-living rental spaces has gain a lot of popularity with the changing time.

And so, the new concept of co-living rental space is to create a community-centred environment that not only provides privacy in living arrangements but also promotes social contact through community events.

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2 CO-LIVING 2.1 INTRODUCTION Space sharing, living together, is not a new concept. For most human history people have always lived communally. The prehistoric shelter, the medieval houses and the collective houses of the industrial revolution are example of dwellings where the residents are depending on one to another and they are part of a strong community same is the case with modern co-living here the community of students, cooperates or all together, lives together yet in their own private comfort zone.

The reality is that since man exist, he has always lived collectively, the first example of shared living could be found in the pre-historical hunters gatherers, where a division between shared and private life was impossible, as impossible was also the possibility of surviving as a single-family household. Since ten thousand years ago humans were like all living in a collective environment, it was the best answer for their social- economic challenges and need of the time. The first co-living service was The Collective Old Oak, London So, Like many things tech, co-living is an old idea in shiny new packaging. Some version of this — whether it’s boarding houses in industrializing countries or multigenerational households worldwide — has long existed.

But the point is in this new trend, the co-living renters are getting more for less in some way or other. Co-living prices vary depending on amenities and privacy levels. In general, the profit to property owner is much high for coliving spaces as compared to traditional housing. Because more areas are shared, property owners are making more money per square foot than they do from traditional housing.

Co-living spaces, though they can be diminutive, tend to be luxury-grade, and they do cost less than full luxury apartments. Room and apartment size varies by company and location, but they generally offer less personal space than a typical apartment, no matter it is still worth live in it, tp save your pocket.

From the perspective of urban development, it is beneficial for cities to have more such types of buildings to deliver housing to more people for less space, such as Quarters.

With the study, data and analysis it’s possible that more affordable coliving situations will come about in the next few years. As co-living is basically a modern solution to deal with housing shortage crisis.

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2.2 WHAT IS CO-LIVING? Co-living is one of different exisiting typologies of shard living A Co-living apartment is characterised by the aggregation of small units independent to each other but connected to a shared common space. Each unit, owned by a single family, is composed by one or two bedrooms with generally a small bathroom and sometimes small kitchen and living space/room, while the common shared space is an assembly of different spaces connected to one another, common living room, common dinning area, play room, study/work place, and common amenities etc. The designing for shared spaces are not done for a specific type of user but for everyone who would like to live in a shared apartment, people can live with a big group of people happly and in a more affordable house as well as they can always take their private time in their private space, whenever they like.

The “co” has been proposed to mean ‘Collaborative’, ‘Communal’ and ‘Collective’, and thus includes a wide variety of practices yet It is totally different fom the other forms of co-habitation like the co-housing or living as service apartment or any other type. In this the units can be variable and include all the facilities of a normal apartment.

After the great success of co-working spaces some same companies and some new enterprises are offering a co-living space with the highest level of comfort, flexibility and immediacy. Co-living buildings offers private apartment of different typologies for long or short staying, that can be ensuite room or study apartment, including big common area: from a shared living.

One of the best part of co-living spaces are the facilities and services it offers, as mention previously the millennial population want all major and basic facilities as well as trending facilities, sometimes these facilities and services are to improved the quality of life, sometimes to fulfill their requirements and needs, and sometimes just to chill, relax and have fun for a happy and healthy living They are These facilities and service are Gym, Swimming pool, Laundry room, Game room, Cinema rooms, Gardens/terraces, Co-working spaces, Parking facilities, Communal dining spaces, Communal lounge space, apart from this all other major services are wifi, electricity, security, regular maintance and housekeeping as well as at some accomdations food/meal service is also available at one single price for the whole package.

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CONCEPT OF CO-LIVING RENTAL SPACES

These co-living space are mainly known for two things firstly low price and secondly maximum common space for extra activites and amenities. These common spaces are always arranged such that they are easily assessable to all. The zoning of such arrangement is shown in figure.

From all the facilities mention above, the highly preferred facilities are co-working spaces, parking and extra space for parties and small group activities. All these facilities and other details offered are usually available on internet so a person can visit through website and can book the accommodation online, which somwhow is contributing towards the ease of living.

NOTE: Mostly people confuse co-living with co-housing, one of the main differences

between these two is that CoLiving involves much more sharing of spaces. While CoHousing communities tend to have individual, free-standing units each with private bathrooms and kitchens, CoLiving spaces tend to share more of these areas. This allows for a greater degree of interaction than its CoHousing counter part

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Example from some major co-living spaces world wide briefly explains the importance and type of services provided, for the betterment of life and living.

Small parties: basecamp san francisco

Swimming pool: Dojo Bali Co-living

The old oak common library

Gym: flock Co-living Gurgaon

Play room/Game room: flock Co-living Gurgaon

`

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CONCEPT OF CO-LIVING RENTAL SPACES

2.3 IMPORTANCE OF CO-LIVING SPACES As we define it, living is a modern form of housing where residents share living space and a set of interests, values, and/or intentions. Co-living is a new, synergistic form of housing based on shared economy. Basically, its housing reimagined to align better with the needs of modern-day life.

• On a physical level, residents typically have their own bedroom & bathroom but share living spaces with all important services.

• On a practical level, residents share living expenses, which are typically lower than what they would spend on their own.

• On a philosophical level, residents may share a common set of interests or values and create social interaction with others living in the same surrounding.

Ease of living The concept of co-living offers residential accommodation that combines fully-furnished and managed living spaces with shared facilities. While the concept of shared living is not new, what excites the newer generation is the ‘ease of living’ Especially for urban millennials, who move jobs (and homes) every 20 months or so. The whole process of relocating to a new place becomes easier when they don’t have to take care of all furnishings, kitchen utilities, and maintenance services.

Cost of living Most young professionals and students simply cannot afford to buy a house in the city.

So, renting becomes the only option. If you choose to live in a co-living space, the utilities are no longer your responsibility. Don’t worry about paying the electricity bill or going over your monthly internet gigs. It’s all taken care of. Most of the co-living have different plans — based on internet usage, TV watching and gas consumption – the takers can choose from.

The sharing of facilities and spaces allows individuals to rent or buy smaller and in turn more affordable homes that would otherwise be the case. For example, having access to communal laundry facilities and a gym reduces the need to have a washing machine or exercise equipment within the living space being bought or rented out. Individuals can gain access to facilities that would be beyond their financial means if they lived alone (such as a cinema room), which increases their living standard and thus provides a betterquality life.

Sense of community The young people in the race to win and achieve their goal starts up a journey of working day and night. However, this journey can often get lonely. It is a fact that a lot of millennials suffer from chronic loneliness. A sense of community can be felt at this time, as connecting with people of different fields helps to reduce field pressure and the possibility of receiving help and favours from their housemates increases, the presence of

•

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many people living together implies that residents are willing not only to share their space but also to look after younger or the elderly in a community.

Health & Fitness facilities Some co-living space offers a gymnasium, swimming pool, Zumba dance classes, and safety training and other fitness infrastructure which supports healthy and happy lifestyle, so traveling for your health is a thing of the past.

Safety Residential safety is more than just having a security guard. When you opt for a co-living space, you can be sure about 24-hour security, CCTV surveillance, access card entry, background verification and screening process of the staff as well as residents. The coliving sector is a lot more organized and transparent than PG accommodations and renting options, making it a safer choice for millennials in a new city.

Moreover not only young single adults are increasing, but also the single parent with children, divorced people or elderly people are also increasing, it is important receiving some support and find someone in urgency for all kind of people, such social safety options are always available at co-living spaces where people do look after each other as humanity.

Lifestyle choices People living in co-living apartments are drawn together by the type of lifestyle they chose to live in and not on the basis of any religion, caste or other considerations, unlike the past.

So, any person can stay irrespective of being judged on the bases of their caste, creed or religion and Youngsters mainly prefer residential spaces that are more flexible and social instead of such Privacy when you need it Even the most outgoing people sometimes need a little time alone, and with co-living spaces, you can certainly have the best of both. So, even though co-living fosters a sense of community and of being around others and collaborating with them, you can still enjoy some much-needed quiet time and your personal space in your bedroom.

•

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2.4 CHARACTERISTICS OF CO-LIVING SPACES

•

•

Tech-driven features – Technology is a prerequisite for today’s young adults to manage their lifestyle. It has revolutionised the way digital nomads work, live and play. Co-living operators use modern technology to develop mobile apps which create an online platform, giving the residents access and flexibility and smoothens communication between the tenant and operator. The residents can provide feedback or complaints and ask for services like housekeeping through these apps. Modern technology can enable new forms of sustainable living and encourage social interaction between the residents of the same operator but living in different locations or communities. Apart from the mobile app, co-living operators are trying to make the most of technology with surveillance, facial recognition software or biometric or keyless access for the absolute security of their residents and staff.

•

A niche within a niche - Co-living spaces draw a thin line between living together but differently. Such service providers supply wider infrastructure of civic participation, community enterprise and the sharing economy. A lot of community-focused social events are organised to improve the social engagement between residents. Many coliving operators organise community-led events such as yoga classes, barbecue nights, laughter mashups, story-telling events and pizza nights for the modern-day city dwellers and at the same time they have their own privacy or personal space in the same unit

•

No Responsibility accommodation - Co-living spaces are ideal for anyone on a non-fixed asset model; people who are looking for complete flexibility and homes that are fully furnished, serviced and managed. These usually operate on a plug-and-play model that saves tenants the hassle of dealing with everyday household chores and also from the burden of paying frequent utility bills. The monthly rent usually includes a host of facilities and utilities like – TV, housekeeping, Wi-Fi, cable, common kitchen and laundry spaces, maintenance and all the furnishings. With no lease contracts, the residents have the flexibility to stay for as long as they need and as their work demands.

•

Economics – With a very vast globalised workforce, today’s millennials are travelling and relocating very frequently, due to which they are looking to cut back on costs. The rentals charged by these co-living spaces are usually inclusive of all added facilities and yet affordable for the average young professional. The lock-in periods for co-living spaces usually vary from two to six months and the refundable security deposit for such short-term lease options are only two to three months of rent.

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CONCEPT OF CO-LIVING RENTAL SPACES

2.5 CO-LIVING MARKET IN INDIA 2.5.1

• • •

•

MARKET SITUATION The co-living market in India has grown at a phenomenal pace in the last few years and had become 50,000 beds worth business till 2018. The organised co-living sector in India has grown over 100 per cent since the last financial year.

It is stated by proptiger group that “If the existing deman-supply mismatch is fixed, this segment has the potentially to grow into a $93 billion market.”

The Big players in the sector are Nestwaway, ZOLO Stays, OYO Living, CoHo, among others.Among the existing players in the segment are RentMyStay, Rentroomi, SimplyGuest and Flathood, Stanza Living, Zolo, Placio and CoLive have recently entered this sector and raised funds to spread the business.

Lately, OYO Living has also entered the segment, with more than 2,000 beds in Noida, Gurugram, Bengaluru, and Pune, the Proptiger report said

1.Proptiger report 2.The hindu news report 3.Knight frank report

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CONCEPT OF CO-LIVING RENTAL SPACES

• Entrepreneurs in India are launching co-living portals and tying-up with real estate developers to build project specifically meant for the co-living segment, especially for students and working professional which are generally equipped with basic facilities such as housekeeping, laundry services, security, and meals, apart from additional facilities such as gaming consoles, libraries, gyms, pools and high-speed Wi-Fi. 2.5.2

DEMAN AND SUPPLY

• In India, the undersupply of student accommodation, coupled with the market size, are a huge draw for developers and start-ups in co-living segment.

• The co-living sector has total untrapped demand of approximately 46.3 million beds, out of which 8.9 million is from students housing • As per its survey, total occupancy recorded in hostels within college campuses across India was only 3.4 million students, leading to a demand-supply mismatch of 8.9 million students. This deficit for co-living spaces is currently being met by the unorganised sector, which includes PG accommodation and rental houses, etc.

• Over 50 percent people in the age group of 18-35 years are willing to rent co-living spaces and pay up to Rs 15,000 a month in top Indian cities including Delhi NCR, Mumbai, and Bengaluru, according to a survey by Knight Frank in 2018.

2.5.3

• • • •

FUTURE SCOPE The co-living market potential worth $93 billion per year In India It is estimated that the rental yields from co-living space will increase by 8-11 per cent in the coming years. Real estate companies can leverage from this trend to bring down the number of unoccupied flats.

As students and professionals move to big cities to study and work, there will be a need for modern, affordable and convenient living spaces that suit the purpose of the millennial population.

Thus, the co-living wave is the next big thing and will provide the young student and working force with a home away from home.

Note: While the mindset of this generation might be different, the fact is landlords, as well as local governments, are both winning parties when it comes to the Co-living business. Higher housing density, fewer commuters, more salary earners and more rental income per square meter are some of the benefits.

1.Proptiger report 2.The hindu news report 3.Knight frank report

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CONCEPT OF CO-LIVING RENTAL SPACES

3 LITERATURE STUDIES AND CASE STUDIES OF CO-LIVING SPACES 3.1 LITERATURE STUDY 3.1.1

LT Josai Japan "LT Josai is a new kind of space for a new lifestyle. The ""share house,"" an increasingly popular style of living in Japan, has a form that is somewhat close to that of a large house, where the residents share the water systems and living room.

In this design, we actively engaged in the fact that the house was to be newly constructed, and the entire building was composed in a grid-based, three-dimensional topography. Multiple undulations created in the shared space form various zones, each with a different sense of comfort. While the entrance hall with its atrium and dining table are perfect for gatherings of multiple people, the corner of the living room and areas by the window are great for spending time alone. The rug space on the first floor offers the most relaxed zone.

While this share house has an abundance of shared spaces and 12.4 square-meter individual rooms, its total floor area divided by the number of residents amounts to a mere 23 square meters per person. It is therefore so efficient and rich that the countless number of conventional one-room apartments in the world seem almost insensible by comparison."

Figure 3 LT Josai interior view-1

Figure 4 LT Josai interior view-2

Figure 5 LT Josia interior view-3

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CONCEPT OF CO-LIVING RENTAL SPACES

Figure 6 JT Josai Site plan with ground floor plan

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CONCEPT OF CO-LIVING RENTAL SPACES

•

The shared space

•

The private units

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CONCEPT OF CO-LIVING RENTAL SPACES

3.1.2

CO- RESIDENCE

Paris, France It is an apartment where some of the basic elements are shared by two or more units in order to use the space in a more sustainable manner. It works through the repetition of a single plan apartment as many are required. common spaces that can be shared by the units reducing the total area of the building, without reducing the single area of the apartment

•

The shared space

•

The private units

26 SCALE: NTS

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CONCEPT OF CO-LIVING RENTAL SPACES

THE UNITS

27 SCALE: NTS

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CONCEPT OF CO-LIVING RENTAL SPACES •

THE CLUSTER

CONCLUSION

•

THE UNITS

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CONCEPT OF CO-LIVING RENTAL SPACES

3.2 CASE STUDY 3.2.1

INDUS ➢ LOCATION: Marathahalli, Bengaluru, Karnataka This Property is located at A Cross, BEML Layout, Brookefield, Marathahalli Bengaluru It is situated near to Brigade Tech Gardens, Kalyani Tech Park, Prestige Technostar and upcoming Bhagamane Techpark.

It is a co-living space by grexter living a new start up company building up more coliving spaces currently in Bengaluru.

The Beautifully designed Indus living spaces provides more affordable living to the millennial in Marathahalli as compared to other rental apartments. It also provide all basic amenities and facilities along with entertainment and fun services.

➢ DISTANCE 850M away from Brigade Tech Garden 950m away from Kundalahalli Gate 950m away from Brooefield mall ➢

MAJOR AMENITIES

➢ COST OF LIVING • PRIVATE ROOM- 16999/• 2 SEATER SHARED ROOM- 12499/• 4 SHARING- 7999/-

29 SCALE: NTS

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CONCEPT OF CO-LIVING RENTAL SPACES

➢ SHARED SPACE

•

•

GATHERING SPACES

DINNING AREA

•

SHARED SPACES

•

GAME ZONE

➢ PRIVATE ROOM

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CONCEPT OF CO-LIVING RENTAL SPACES

➢ 2 SEATER SHARED

➢ FOUR SHARING `

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CONCEPT OF CO-LIVING RENTAL SPACES

3.2.2

HOSTELLER, PUSHKAR ➢ LOCATION: Holika chowk, Bengaluru, Karnataka This Property is located at Holi ka chowk, Main Market Rd, Badi Basti, Pushkar It is at at the centre thus close to all major tourist point, it is at a walking distance from the Pushkar lake, the Brahma temple and the fairgrounds.

It is a co-living space by Hosteller group, a fastest growing hostel chains in India, who believe in budget facilitation and maximum interaction

➢ DISTANCE 600M away from Brahmaji temple 850m away from pushkar lake 1.1 km away from fairground ➢

MAJOR AMENITIES

In house cafe

Power Back-up

Security Guard

Play Area

Doctor on call

HouseKeeping

WIFI

DTH

➢ TOTAL NO OF ROOMS/COST OF LIVING • QUADRUPLE DELUX ROOM (PRIVATE)- 16999/- per month • 6 BED MIXED DORMITORY • 6 BED FEMALE DORMITORY • 4 BED MIXED DORMITORY • 4 BED FEMALE DORMITORY • DOUBLE DELUXE ROOM (PRIVATE)- 12499/- per month

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CONCEPT OF CO-LIVING RENTAL SPACES

➢ SHARED SPACE Common Spaces

Inhouse Cafe

Library

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CONCEPT OF CO-LIVING RENTAL SPACES

Private rooms QUADRUPLE DELUX ROOM (PRIVATE)- Room size: 200sqm/2153sqft

➢ 6 BED MIXED DORMITOR/ 6 BED FEMALE DORMITORY-room size 200sqm/2153sqft

34 SCALE: NTS

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CONCEPT OF CO-LIVING RENTAL SPACES

➢ 4 BED MIXED DORMITORY/ 4 BED FEMALE DORMITORY- Room size 200sqm/2153sqft

➢ DOUBLE DELUXE ROOM (PRIVATE) - Room size 200sqm/2153sqft `

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CONCEPT OF CO-LIVING RENTAL SPACES

4 COMPARISON B/W NORMAL RENTAL AND CO-LIVING RENTAL HOUSING 4.1 The organized and unorganized rental market In India various states are following Rent Control Act with many landlords and tenants unaware about their obligations, rights and legal recourse options in case of disputes.

According to the National Sample Survey Office (NSSO), as per the total census households in urban India, 31.6% are rented dwellings, all of which are not even used as residences. NSSO also reported that 71% of the total rental households fall within the informal rental sector with no contracts in writing.

The rights and responsibilities of tenants and landlords through rental contracts are not balanced, rental contracts go unregistered, there are no dedicated Rent Authorities and repossession of premises by landlords is not uncommon. Looking at the private hostels and paying guest accommodation market in India, there is no regulation to govern the operations of these places.

At this point the organised rental housing plays an important role in providing a legal and genuine laws for a renting space with transparency between the renter and the owner creating a balanced harmony and safety on both sides.

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CONCEPT OF CO-LIVING RENTAL SPACES

4.2 TRADITIONAL VS. CO-LIVING ❖ SPACE ANALYSIS •

•

Most multi-bedroom apartments (traditional rentals) aren’t designed with easy roommate living in mind. In fact, many multi-bedroom apartments on the market today are 1 or 2bedroom units converted into many rooms, cutting down on the size of private spaces, while providing inadequately sized shared spaces.

The co-living spaces are designed to make it easier and more comfortable to live with others by providing an adequate amount of personal space for one’s own uses along with shared space.

❖ SERVICES • In most of the cases in traditional apartments, no much services are provided; they only provide the room/apartment, sometimes not even furnished. similarly, they cut off services such as electricity, house cleaning, laundry, etc which are to be arranged by one itself.

• Whereas in co-living apartments all major services and facilities are provided under the same roof at one place only. ❖ MAINTENANCE

• •

In traditional apartments, as most of the services and facilities are arranged by the renter themselves, therefore the maintance and maintance cost are handled by the renters only.

In co-living apartments all major services and facilities are provided by the owner, so the renters are free from the responsibility of maintaining cost.

❖ MONEY SAFETY, SECURITY AND SURETY • As we know most of the traditional rental comes under the category of unorganised rental housing which in india is still not up to the mark, as the contracts go unregistered, lease issue arises followed by the disputes related to the space that mainly casuses the renter either a huge money loss or no security for the place.

• In co-living spaces from renting the space to leaving it as well as from all legal registration to all lease work, everything is done under proper laws which gives the renter the safety security and transparency of the money. ❖ RENT • In most traditional apartments, rent covers the roof above your head and little else.

• Whereas in co-living, the rent payment is all inclusive — from hi-speed Wi-Fi and utilities, to furniture and household necessities.

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CONCEPT OF CO-LIVING RENTAL SPACES

ExampleBanglore being the silicon valley of India, here the urbanization rate is too high followed by high housing price and high cost of living. People living here have already started to opt for co-living spaces instead to traditional housing to get more facilities in less amount money.

The survey is conducted by knight frank group in banglore to analyse and compare different type of accommodation located near the major educational and IT hubs in banglore as that is very subjective.

The estimated figures are given below Other rental model VS Co-living Comparision of of rental options CARPET AREA OF A ONE BEDROOM UNIT IN EACH TYPE OF ACCOMMODATION Residential rental unit

Paying guest accommodation

Service Apartment accommodation

Co-living accommodation

Carpet area in sq ft

125-165 sq ft

160-170 sq ft

120-150 sq ft

120-170 sq ft

Carpet area in sq ft

12-16 sq m

15-16 sq m

11-14 sq m

11-16 sq m

Comparision of of rental options INDICATIVE RENTALS FOR A ONE BEDROOM UNIT ON A PER MONTH BASIS ACROSS SELECTED LOCATION IN BANGURU Location Residential rental unit Paying guest Service Apartment Co-living accommodation accommodation accommodation

Koramangala

INR 27,000-35,000

INR 13,500-16,000

INR 75,000-105,000

INR 12000-17,000

HSR Layout

INR 17,000-25,000

INR 15,000-18,000

INR 42,000-72,000

INR 14,000-19,000

Marathahalli

INR 18,000-27,000

INR 12,000-17,000

INR 48,000-73,000

INR 8,000-13,000

Whitefield

INR 16,000-23,000

INR 10,000-13,000

INR 71,000-93,000

INR 10,000-15,000

Parameter

OTHER PARAMETERS AND THEIR INCLUSION IN EACH TYPE OF ACCOMMODATION Residential rental Paying guest Service Apartment Co-living unit accommodation accommodation accommodation

Security deposit requirement

10 months rent

1 month rent

No deposit

2 months rent

Common area maintenance charges

Not Included

Not Included

Included

Included

Meal

Not Included

Included

Not Includ

Electricity/water

Not Included

Included

Only breakfast is included Included

Housekeeping

Not Included

Included

Included

Included

Internet

Not Included

Included

Included

Included

Included

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CONCEPT OF CO-LIVING RENTAL SPACES

5 DESIGNING AS A CATALYST FOR CHANGE Social interaction and the search for a sense of wellbeing is hardwired into all of us. The desire for communal interaction is balanced with the need for each individual to have the ability to choose their degree of separation of privacy.

‘Wellbeing’ as defined by Manisha PatelIs the state of being comfortable, healthy, or happy? It is one of the most popular buzzwords in the design of living and working environments and is fast becoming an essential consideration of first-principle designs, influencing everything from individual homes and single-family units to wide-area master planning, accommodating multiple homes in various typologies and tenures. It is important to consider what it means to design homes and develop built environments that promote wellbeing, with a focus on big cities.

The study also deal with modern design techniques that helps implementing the design strategies providing easy and affordable housing, working as a catalyst for change.

5.1 IMPORTANT AREAS AND SPACES IN CO-LIVING

•

•

•

•

SHARED SPACES: The public/shared spaces includes common area for common facilities, outdoor common spaces, the corridors and the parking spaces that are used and shared by all the resident of that building.

The common facility, which complements the individual dwellings and provides a place for community activities, is the heart of a coliving community. The common facilities includes, common living space , games and sport zones such as swimming pool or tennis courts. The location of the common space greatly effects the frequency of its use. For the common space to be an Integral part of community life, residents must pass it in the course of their daily activities.

The outdoor common areas are crucial In the development of coliving because they help to tie the community together. The "common" is usually placed In the center mainly among all of the private houses and common house. The treatment of the spaces between the buildings contributes as much as the buildings themselves to the quality of life Parking - Car access and parking have a major Impact on the site plan of the project.

Customarily, the parking is placed at the periphery of the site. Easy access from car to dwelling is Important and should be considered.

PRIVATE SPACES: The private spaces includes the resident units/apartment that is meant to be used by the resident only or by its family. The private spaces helps to provide privacy to the residents living in that building The private residence/space is where the resident will spend most of their time. One of the main goals in coliving is to have a diversity of household types and ages within the community. A variety of unit sizes and arrangements are required to accommodate the, diversity in residents.

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CONCEPT OF CO-LIVING RENTAL SPACES

5.2 DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS

DESIGN GOALS AND CHALLENGES

FOR OVERALL BUILDING ENERGY EFFICIENCY

FOR SHARED SPACE INTERACTION

PRIVACY

CIRCULATION

CIRCULATION

SECURITY

ROOM LAYOUT

DIVISION OF SPACE

DESIGNING DIFFERENT TYPES OF UNIT

PROPORTION OF FURNITURE

•

• •

•

•

FOR PRIVATE SPACE

Affordability though Energy Efficiency will assist in establishing a sustainable community. This deals with the amount of/or percentage of available energy that is utilized that will helps in providing a cost efficient and affordable surrounding to live.

Interaction between the users should be enhances by outdoor common areas. Paths, seating and special spaces should be provided for this function. The central collective space should serve as a major community core.

Circulation is an Important aspect of the coliving community. The linkage between the private residences and the common house is crucial in establishing an interactive neighbourhood.

Security is an Important issue of this facility to insure that the users are protected from unwanted aggression by outsiders. This involves protection against unwanted access Into the site.

Privacy is achieved through the use of clear boundaries and transitions between public and private spac

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CONCEPT OF CO-LIVING RENTAL SPACES

5.2.1

The overall building AFFORDABILITY AND ENERGY EFFICIENCY GOAL- The space/building should be affordable to hire for the people opting for coliving spaces in urban areas.

• By viewing the costs of a building during the whole lifecycle, the term affordable can be defined differently. In proportion to the maintenance of the building, the production costs are much smaller, so to make it cost efficient, energy efficiency techniques should be use.

• Common elements used as energy-efficient design methods Include insulated walls, Trombe walls, moveable shades on windows, masonry materials for energy storage and release, clerestory windows, flat-plate collectors for water collection, and many more • Passive techniques according to the climatic conditions should be considered for better efficency such as for maximum heat gain in cold reigon and minimum windows should be kept in south direction for max heat gain whereas to reduce heat gain window should be kept in east direction.

• Providing proper daylight strategies may help to reduce electricity cost.

• Rainfall can be an asset if it is collected and used suitably. Rainfall should be captured, using rain catchment systems, for a variety of uses such as bathing flush toilets, and clothes washing, etc • Wind can be an asset to provide natural ventilation • Distribution of proper trees outside the building can help to deal with harsh sun rays and better ventilation.

• In order to connect to the context and site, the facility should utilize the natural resources offered by the region. The need to rely on energy sources that are not renewable or that are detrimental to the environment should be minimized and/or disposed of properly

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CONCEPT OF CO-LIVING RENTAL SPACES

5.2.2

The Shared Space INTERACTION GOAL- the project should promote interaction among the users • • •

•

The shared spaces should be such that it may help the the residents to interact with each other and give a home feeling.

The private dwellings should be located around a common area. The common area should be centrally located.

There should be small courts and porches along the walkways attached to each residence. The courts should be approximately 150 square feet.

Seating arrangements should be positioned around the common areas approximately every 15-20 feet.

DISTRIBUTION OF SPACE GOAL- the project should have different spaces for different acitvitys •

The shared space should be divided into different areas, which can be separated either by wall or vertical partitions or using different furniture. In this way the common space will still be one single area that can host many facilities inside, connecting one space to another.

PROPORTION OF FURNITURE GOAL- the focus should be on the number of furniture according to the person living • • •

Furniture should be proportional to the number of residents: There should be approximately equally number of furniture as per required by the number of resident present in the space.

The shared area should increase and facilitate the relationship between the residents.

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CONCEPT OF CO-LIVING RENTAL SPACES

Two major tips can be considered for better designing 1. The insertion of correct number of furniture and the creation of single space 2. The insertion of a dinning table that can allow the residents to eat together.

CIRCULATION GOAL- the main focus should be on the pedestrian and the ease of movement between the private residences; as well as between the residences and the common house.

• •

• •

The shared space is the tissue between the cluster or the units. All the units should have a direct access to shared space.

There should be wide, spacious pedestrian avenues (corridors) between the residences and the common house. The circulation paths should be wide enough to allow several individuals, 3 - 5 people, to walk together comfortably; the main paths should be a minimum of 8 – 12 feet wide.

The roads and the car parking for the facility should be on the exterior of the site.

There should be a direct passage between the car parking and each residence – a maximum of 20 feet in distance.

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CONCEPT OF CO-LIVING RENTAL SPACES

sECURITY GOAL- The All users of the community should feel safe to come and go at any hour of the day or night.

•

•

•

All frequently occupied areas of the community, mostly the outdoor common areas, should have visual supervision from the residences and common house.

The frequently used outdoor spaces should be well lit and have clear lines of visibility at night so that faces are recognizable at 20 feet.

Child-play areas should be centrally located In the community to be in clear view of the residences and common house.

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CONCEPT OF CO-LIVING RENTAL SPACES

5.2.3

The private unit PRIVACY GOAL- The residences of the community should have private spaces of their own; In addition to the open common areas and gardens.

• Each private residence should have a small enclosed courtyard or balcony for privacy.

• There shall be designated private areas in the overall landscaping features outside the main complex.

• Visibility into the bedrooms should be very low, with controls to allow visual and auditory privacy when desired.

ROOM LAYOUT GOAL-The residencial unit shoud be arranged with specific space for a specific type of furniture to promot more free area and to perform more activities and functions.

• Inside the private unit sleeping is not the predominant acitivity anymore whereas working and socialising are other important activities included in the private space, there should be furniture that creates social or working area. If possible each unit should contain a sparate bathroom.

• The bed is not required to be kept at the centre of the room, it can be located in a coner facing the social/ working part, it is also not necessary that the bed will have direct light as more light is required for the working area.

• The bed should be sperated visually from the social area either by using proper design arrangement or by applying filters; the filters can be curtain or panels, they may also help to define a night and day zone inside the unit.

• The social and working area inside the unit must contain minimum a table with chair and a armchair, sofa or a bean bag for one extra person to socialize • Most probably every person connected with the family should have a room as well, so the unit size and type should be selected according to the number of person in a family.

• The residencial unit shoud have maximum space in minimal dwelling units.

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CONCEPT OF CO-LIVING RENTAL SPACES

CIRCULATION GOAL- The residencial unit shoud have proper circulation space within the room to avoid obstruction in walking or moving.

• • •

Ease of circulation is a factor to consider when planning a bedroom layout. It should be easy to move throughout the room.

For example getting to the door or the closet from the bed, the area should be clean and clear so that the person could move easily and safely.

Focusing on furniture configuration as well as the scale and function of these pieces is a way to achieve the best flow.

EXTRA FEATURES • A common design idea when working with a small bedroom is to use color, lighting, and furniture pieces to give the illusion that the space is bigger than it actually is.

Positioning mirrors will reflect natural light into the space while painting the room white will brighten it up. Pushing the bed up into a corner and mounting both shelves and lights will increase the floor space. These floating shelves can also act as night stands, entry tables, bookcases, etc • View is another factor to consider, especially upon entrance into a bedroom. The sight upon walking in should feel open and possibly lead to a scenic window.

• There must be proper number of windows in each type of room to promote better ventilation for healty and happy living.

• It is always prefered to give an attached toilet, if in case there is a shortage of space one toilet for maximum 4 person can be given.

DIFFERENT TYPE OF UNIT FOR DIFFERENT PEOPLE • The designing of residential units or apartment should be done according to the type of person livng in it, as a different category of person have different requiments and need.

• Type of units for private area can be categories as TYPE A – SINGLE ADULT TYPE B – ADULT PLUS ONE (2 people) TYPE C – COUPLE TYPE D – COUPLE WITH KID/GUEST TYPE E – GUESTS

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CONCEPT OF CO-LIVING RENTAL SPACES

TYPE-A SINGLE ADULT This category includes people who due to personal reasons or external factors are living alone. They can be students or corporate workers.

Their houses are not made to fulfil all the reasons and requirments rather to fulfill the major requirement or needs of the person, such as students for saving money are force to live in apartments that are too small, with a compact layout design that sometimes even create an uncomfortable environment. Workers may have apartments that are not suitable in terms of their habits.

In a house for one person, it Important that the design be specific and simple. In Pattern Language, Christopher Alexander stated that " the plan of such a house will be characteristically different form other houses, Primarily because it requires almost no differentiation of Its I spaces: it only need be one room".

The house for one person should support the person's life directly, and reflect the person's needs, desires and personal characteristics. ➢ Special design features • It is simply a central space, with nooks around it.

The nooks replace the room in a large house, they are for bed, bath, kitchen and entrance.

• Different zoning within the room helps to create separate areas for work and play.

• Investing in a double bed is always a good option, if there is a shortage of space a stowaway trundle bed can also be used to accommodate the guest or a friend coming for sleepovers.

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CONCEPT OF CO-LIVING RENTAL SPACES

TYPE-B ADULT WITH A PLUS This category consists in single independent adults living together or one dependent living with an adult. They may be blood related, siblings, single parent with a kid or they can also be friends or strangers as one of the roomie to reduce rent.

These people share the apartment and they may find some problems with respect to their spaces and their privacy. They can be of different ages and with different habits thus they have to concide with the space that the house offers.

Also these people have guests which sometimes creates an uncomfortable environment.

Reasons may be different but the choice of living with a extra member, help the members to have an extra support by taking company of each other. ➢ Special design features • There must be two beds either combined or separated as per the the residents choice. The placement and type of bed can further be arranged according to the space available in the room. There can be two single beds or a bunker bed or stowaway trundle bed.

• The house should have plenty of storage to accommodate the suff of both the persons living.

• Equal amount of facilities and services should be provided to both, such as equal number of almirah, cupboards, sitting space and storage.

• There must be proper & sufficient personal space for both of them to work or study.

• There should be proper sitting furniture for both of them as well as for the guest.

NOTE- As the number of adults increase the facilities and services also increases depending upon to the requirements, needs and comfort.

Example for 3 people- 3 beds, 3 study table and 3 almirah and so on.`

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CONCEPT OF CO-LIVING RENTAL SPACES

TYPE-C COUPLE This category consist of two person living together as a couple. In this category both the person are dependent on each other at the same time they are also require their own space. In such units specially small units problem such as not having enough independent space for one arises.

Or in such small household shared by two, another important problem which arise is the possibility that both may have too little opportunities for solitude or privacy.

This category is slightly similar to the category of adult plus one but the difference is that, in this both the person are dependent on each other in some way or other but in the previous category there are chance that the people may not be dependent on each other and living there own life.

The couple need a shared realm, where they can function together, invite friends, be alone together, but it is also true that each partner is trying to maintain an individuality and its own needs, thus each partner needs space to nourish this need.

Therefore there should be some kind of private space for both. The private spaces could consist of 2 small places or small niches or alcoves off of a larger common area or could be a corner, screened off by a half-wall – places which are clearly under person. ➢ Special design features • Joint double beds like king size or queen size or as per the requirement • The house should have plenty of storage to accommodate the suff of bothpartner.

• The unit can be a studio apartment type or it can be a bedroom with an extra room as livingdinning room with kitchnet if possible.

• Separate space working/studying space for both.

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CONCEPT OF CO-LIVING RENTAL SPACES

TYPE-D SMALL FAMILY This category belongs to a couple with kid/kids, where the kids being the minor category depends upon their parents (te couple), In such small families, it is the relationship between the children and adults which is most critical.

This type of house should be a 'three part house': it should consist of a couple's realm, children's realm and a common area for sharing, eating and interaction. The common area is the special part of the house, Both the children's realm and the couple's realm should have their own Identity and a natural expression of the users, but still be accessible to the other members of the house. ➢ Special design features • In this case there should be a master bedroom, kids bedroom and common living, dinning and kitchen area. If there is no much area to provide 2 rooms than a single room can have double bed along with an extra bed for a kid can be placed.

• There should be proper number of washrooms like one for the couple and other for kids or there can be one washroom for couple and an extra powder room.

• The size/area of the kids room should be sufficient enough to accommodate the number of kids the couple have.

• The beds can be placed in a separate position towards the back of the room, and in such a way that a continuous play spaces can be created for the childrens.

• If in case the kids are small, then apart from kids room there should be enough open/free space for the kids to play, roam and enjoy within the surroundings.

• The common area is the core area so it should be placed such that it is easily accessible from all the rooms, maintaining the inner flow of the house.

• The master bedroom should that proper spaces, furniture and privacy level for better living of both the members.

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TYPE-E FAMILY WITH GUEST/ GUEST (A) FAMILY WITH GUEST This typology is composed by families who are hosting single adult. In this case the family can be of a couple or with couple with kids. The adult may be blood related or friend. In this case the privacy is generally the most important feature of the residential unit, as the other person is mostly an outsider or guest.

(B) GUEST ROOM The category consist of a person who is not a resident but is living within the building as a guest.

There can be a special public guest room offered by the co-living space for the guests visiting the area, or who’s relative is living within that co-living space.

This category does not require much space or facilities in the room as they are guest and usually doesn’t stay for a long period.

➢ Special design features • No matter whether a single person is staying or more than one, there should always be a double bed.

• For family with guest, the room should be connected to common or core area such as hall/ living room to maintan the flow.

• As the guest is a temporary member, there is no need to provide maximum storage.

Only a single cupboard/almirah is enough.

• The unit is basically a small bedroom with only essential and desirable furniture, space and requirments, similar to hotel room.

• There should be small work station or study table for working/studying purpose.

• There should be an extra sitting space like sofa, armchair or bean bag.

• In extras a luggage rack can be provided along with a small kitchenet point.

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5.3 DESIGN TECHNIQUES Beyond physical functionality and appealing aesthetics, co-living spaces includes design techniques that encourage social interaction, collaboration and connection, other than that the demand for such housing in India is gradually increasing with time, along with the increase in urbanization rate.

As the construction and building techniques in India are still not up to the mark, it may take a long time to match the demand and supply rate of rental housing and to solve the housing shortage and affodabilty crisis.

There are some recent on going trends that helps to deal with the demand and supply rate by providing co-living units that are affordable, easy to construct and consumes less time in contruction, provide more facilities, such techniques are Micro units construction, modular construction and retrofitting co-living spaces in old buildings retrofitting, micro-units and modular design are being integrated into these spaces to redefine the notions of private and public space.

These construction techniques are interlinked with each other and therefore can be integrated together for better construction. Such as a combination of modular micro unit or retrofitting with modular construction technique or providing modular micro apartment in anold building for retrofitting.

5.3.1

MICRO APARTMENTS: Micro-living spaces that measure 500 square feet or less are becoming a trend, offering renters and buyers something smaller but less expensive. Nevertheless, these tiny spaces often packed with built-in amenities like transformer furniture, or if they are part of a multi-unit development, generous communal spaces to compensate for the tinier private quarters.

In New York’s long Island city neighbourhood, The new ALTA+ has opened: with 422 furnished shared micro-suites, it is the largest co-living space in the U.S. Alta+ is a project by Ollie, a lifestyle/ management company that partners with building developers to offer services and amenity packages to its members.

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Micro apartment technique is highly spreading world wide specially in south- east aisa where high population encounters with high housing shortage.Japan and its neighbourhood countries are following it with hi-tech construction techniques. Other example is.

Example of Zoku living Amsterdam

Using space efficiently is a key criterion for architects, developers, and interior designers working on micro apartment and co-living projects, and as this sector of market grows, we are seeing more and more example of successful execution.

5.3.2

MODULAR APARTMENTS: MODULAR AModular buildings/apartments are prefabricated buildings that consist of

repeated sections called modules. "Modular" is a construction method that involves constructing sections away from the building site, then delivering them to the intended site.

Installation of the prefabricated sections is completed on site. Prefabricated sections are sometimes placed using a crane. The modules can be placed side-by-side, end-to-end, or stacked, allowing a variety of configurations and styles. After placement the modules are joined together using inter-module connections, also known as inter-connections. The inter-connections tie the individual modules together to form the overall building structure

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ExampleCarmel Place Micro Living Location: Manhattan, New York city Area: 35,000 sqft area The carmel place development was the winning proposal in the adapt NYC initiative with the goal “to accommodate the city’s growing small household population”. The design uses modular construction, where each module apartment is prefabricated then hoisted into place be a crane

The site is composed of 55 loft-like rental apartments, ranging in from 260-360 sqft each.

The modular apartment have accessible restrooms, loft storage, and a small balcony with an 8 foot tall sliding window.

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5.3.3

RETROFITTING CO-LIVING IN OLD BUILDINGS: As the urbanization rate is increasing more housing units are required and the basic construction of such building takes too much time to complete, to reduce this time the co-living spaces can be retrofitted into old buildings by either connecting two or more floors internally or by creating more common and socializing spaces.

Vivahouse, a prefabricated modular housing system designed by Dara Huang, to turn vacant commercial properties into co-living environments, has been unveiled at a disused shopping centre in London.

Branded as the "urban house of the future", Vivahouse has been installed as a short-term pop-up in London's empty Whiteleys Shopping Centre in Bayswater.

The brand aims to install more co-living and affordable housing building as well as plans to repurpose unused commercial units, including vacant hospitality and office spaces to create much-needed homes.

They have designed room modules whose panels fit in a lift and can be put together within hours in existing spaces, such as empty office buildings.

The rooms will measure just 8.5 sq metres to 12 sq metres, but Gahir says they have been cleverly designed to accommodate a flip double bed, desk and wardrobe and have been sound-proofed.

The system of small, identical units can be built on site in under 24 hours inside existing buildings to create private rooms with shared facilities. The company said that the prefabricated system takes 70 per cent less time and costs 70 per cent less than traditional construction.

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6 CONCLUSION The study in the beginning deals with the housing crisis faced by the gen Y people in the rental housing sector, specially due to to high urbanisation. Designing dwellings for young adults is an intricate task. This group in society have lower funds and have trouble finding a place to live due to the current housing shortage. A big issue is therefore the affordability aspect, the housing shortage means that we need to produce a large quantity of new dwellings, which are usually high in rent. So to reduce rent it is important to provide affordable living, By expanding the term affordability and looking at whom it’s affordable for, affodabilty is not about the materials used for building the house as material is not the only thing impacting the rent in the end. This indicates that lowering the quality in building isn’t a good solution for making affordable housing, instead it risks producing a low-quality housing stock that will have negative impact on future generations and be wasteful with our resources.

At this time co-living appears as an affordable strategy for the young students and workers, as co-living helps to redue the high amount of rent by applying the formula of sharing space. Here the building have two major zones, firstly the private one and than the shared one, private rooms can be small but good enough to save money where as shared zones involves all activites shared spaces or less utilised are, where such renters use these areas as living spaces, kitchen, balconies, etc. to make shared housing economically affordable, convenient, and cohesive with the city lifestyle rental decision and be part of a working community.

The key distinguishing factor of co-living, in contrast to other types of housing tenure, are the communal facilities that it could potentially offer. Co-living and sharing of facilities allow individuals convenient access to services that they would otherwise be unable to afford in their own living space – such as gyms, swimming pools and cinemas.

Furthermore, we note the potential societal benefits of co-living arrangements – such as their ability to reduce the pervasive problem on loneliness in modern society.

Interactions in communal spaces, such as shared dining facilities and lounge areas, can prompt the formation of new friendships, conversations and entertainment – to the benefit of wellbeing. Co-living also has the ability to encourage a wider “sharing economy” which in all forms is financially benefiting individuals.

The unorganized nature of India’s home rental market offers great scope for disruption in the form of co-living. The bait of a built-in social life will push the co-living culture and this model for co-living space is on the cards of making an entry in India’s dynamic real estate sector as it evolves into an organized market.

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In a broader context, the project also hopes to evidence how design can be used as a catalyst for change, in both attitude and situation, towards affordable and sustainable development. It answers the questions such as how we identify public and private space, how we use space, and how we define our needs individually and as a group.

Defining about a person need individually and as a group are discussed briefly in two sections as shared space and private space, both have its own type of arrangement, placement and requirement which focus on a human well being. The private spaces are further categorised according to type of person living in it such as single adult, adult plus one, couple, family and guest.

Beyond physical functionality and appealing aesthetics, co-living spaces includes design techniques that encourage social interaction, collaboration and connection, other than that some recent trends such as micro-units and modular design and retrofiting techniques are also being integrated into these spaces to redefine the notions of private and public space, as well as to speed up the construction and provide more and affordable housing in short span of time, to fight back the housing crisis faced by the country due to high urbanization and rapid growth.

Collectively, this discussion and exploration has the potential to encourage Co-living , beyond traditional housing typologies, and towards alternative, community driven solutions. This will create increased awareness, and improve the quality, of alternative lifestyle opportunities, providing social, emotional and economic sustainability, as it supports migratory patterns of work and provide renters with shortterm, low-cost solutions while looking for their permanent situation. Smaller sleeping and living quarters within individual residents’ apartments are supplemented by generous communal facilities.

So, the new concept of co-living rental space is to create a community-centred environment that not only provides privacy in living arrangements but also promotes social contact through community event, morevore its is easily affordable, provides all kind of facilities, and helps to solve housing shortage problems specially for young student and workers. The question is why not?

In India, the co-living concept is gaining widespread acceptance and has brought to the fore some new models in the private rental sector, and it is here to stay, as India’s demographic dividend population currently accounts for 440 million. The growing interest for co-living spaces in cities such as Bengaluru, the National Capital Region (NCR) and Pune has been raising up on heights because it provides all basic and important facilities and services at affordable price which is also increasing the standard and quality of living especially for the young generation of MIG category in india.

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