IntegratedPest Management
Aboutus
TheFarmCarbonToolkitwascreatedbyfarmersfor farmers.Foroveradecade,we’veworkedtofurtherthe understandingofgreenhousegasemissionsinagriculture. Weprovidetoolsandservicestomeasureimpactand projectsthatinspirerealactionontheground.
Ourvisionisafarmingsectorthatminimisesitscarbonemissionsand maximisesitscarbonsequestration,whilstproducingqualityfoodandawide rangeofpublicgoods,allproducedbyresilientandprofitablefarm businesses.
●Introduction-WhatisIntegratedPestManagement(IPM)?
●ThePrinciplesofIPM
●IPM&TheSustainableFarmingIncentive-Whatareyouroptions?
●Examples&CaseStudies.
●Break
●ScenarioExercise&Discussion
AnthonyEllis
WhatIsIntegrated PestManagement?
IntegratedPestManagement
WhatdoyouunderstandbyIntegratedPestManagement?
AnthonyEllis Jan2025
IntegratedPestManagement
“Thecarefulconsiderationofallavailablepestcontroltechniquesandsubsequentintegrationof appropriatemeasuresthatdiscouragethedevelopmentofpestpopulationsandkeeppesticides andotherinterventionstolevelsthatareeconomicallyjustifiedandreduceorminimiserisksto humanhealthandtheenvironment.” Food&AgricultureOrganisation(FAO)
AnthonyEllis
IntegratedPestManagement
“Integratedpestmanagement(IPM)isacoordinatedandplannedstrategyfortheprevention, detectionandcontrolofpests,weeds,anddiseases.
Thecontinuinglossofplantprotectionproductsandrisinglevelsofresistancemeanthatthe conventionalcropprotectiontoolboxisshrinking.Atthesametime,manypolicydrivers emphasiseaneedforreducedrelianceonpesticides.
TheadoptionofIPMmeasureswillhelpmovecropprotectiontowardsamoresustainable future.”
AnthonyEllis
IPMandtheLaw
●ThroughtheEuropeanUnion’s,2009SustainableUseof PesticidesDirective(SUD)andeachmemberstate’s,National ActionPlans(NAP),theobligationforfarmerstopracticeIPM haslongbeenenshrinedinlaw.
●AftertheUKlefttheEU,theSUDwascutandpastedintothe UKstatutebookandtheGovernmenthasnowdraftedand consultedonanewNationalActionPlan(NAP)thatpushesIPM furtherupthefarmingagendathaneverbefore.
●AspartoftheSustainableUseDirective,theUKgovernmentis requiredtoshowthatUKgrowersareusingintegratedpest managementpractices.RecentlytheUKGovernmentlaunched anewIntegratedPestManagementSFIschemeforfarmersin England.
AnthonyEllis
Springoats,Pensipple
APillaredApproach-Pillar1
Pillar1-Prevention
Agronomicalpracticessuchas: ●Croprotation
AnthonyEllisJan2025
Winterwheat,Pensipple
Pillar1-Rotation
●Breakweed/pest/diseaselifecycle
●Removepathogenhost
●Springvsautumnsown
●Cerealsvsbroadleavedcrops
●Reducecompactionandimprovesoilhealth
●Inclusionoflegumestoincreasefertility
●https://ahdb.org.uk/knowledge-library/theencyclopaedia-of-arable-weeds
AnthonyEllisJan2025
Pillar1-Prevention
Agronomicalpracticessuchas:
●Croprotation
●ResistantVarieties(RecommendedList)
AnthonyEllisJan2025
Wheatseedlingandroot/biologyinteraction.Pensipple
Pillar1-Resistance&VarietalSelection
●AHDBRecommendedList
●Geographicalsuitability
●Diseaseresistance
●Earlyvigourandcompetitionforspace,light andnutrients
●Grainquality/marketability
●https://ahdb.org.uk/knowledge-library/winter-wheatrecommended-and-candidate-lists
AnthonyEllisJan2025
Pillar1-Prevention
Agronomicalpracticessuchas:
●Croprotation
●ResistantVarieties(RecommendedList)
●Undersowing
●Intercropping
AnthonyEllisJan2025
SpringBarleyundersownwithwhiteclover,Bath
Pillar1-Undersowing&Intercropping
Benefits: Risks:
●Spaceefficiency
●Nutrient&wateruse efficiency
●Cropstability/resilience
●Interferencewith Arthropodpest colonisation
●Refugehabitatfor naturalenemies
●Foodsourcefornatural enemies
●Pathogensuppression
●Compromisedyield throughcropcompetition
●Challengeswithintercrop management
●Increasedpestreservoirs
●Non-cropresourcesfor pests
●Toxicflowers
●GreenBridge
●Increasedcomplexityof management
Hussetal,2022
AnthonyEllisJan2025
JEconEntomol,Volume115,Issue5,October2022,Pages1350–1362h
Pillar1-Prevention
Agronomicalpracticessuchas:
●Croprotation
●ResistantVarieties(RecommendedList)
●Undersowing
●Intercropping
●Protection&enhancementofbeneficials
●CropNutrition
AnthonyEllisJan2025
BumbleBeeonRedClover,Pensipple
Pillar1-CropNutrition
Macro-NutrientsMicro-Nutrients
●Nitrogen
●Phosphate
●Potassium
●Sulphur
●Calcium
AnthonyEllisJan2025
APillaredApproach
AnthonyEllis
Jan2025
Pillar2-Monitoring
Monitoringpracticessuchas:
●Fieldwalking
●Pesttrapping&thresholds
●Forecastingtechnologye.g.BYDVAssist (Syngenta,myField)
●WarningSystems
●RiskAssessment
AnthonyEllisJan2025
Winterwheat,Pensipple
Pillar2-Trapping&ThresholdsExample
SlugTraps
●Placetwoheapedspoonfulsofbaitontheground.
●Addacoverthatisabout25cmacross(e.g.plantpot saucer,sacking,carpetortile).
●Leaveasmallgapbetweencoverandthesoil(toallow slugstoenter).
●Putaweightonthecover(tosecureitinwindy conditions).
●Set9-13trapsperfield
●Checkearlyinthemorning
●CerealThreshold=4pertrap
●OilSeedRapeThreshold=1pertrap
AnthonyEllisJan2025
SlugTrap-AHDB
APillaredApproach
AnthonyEllis
Jan2025
Pillar3-Intervention
Interventionpracticessuchas:
●Mechanicalcontrol
●Physicalcontrol
●Biologicalcontrol
●Chemicalcontrol
Examples:
●Tineharrow,inter-rowhoe
●Grazing
AnthonyEllis Jan2025
GrazingCereals-PensippleFarm2023
Sheepgrazingwinterwheat,Pensipple,6thFeb,2023
Netbenefit=£102.61/ha
GrazingCereals-PensippleFarm
10thFeb
14thApril
AnthonyEllis
Jan2025
Pillar3-Intervention
Interventionpracticessuchas:
●Mechanicalcontrol
●Physicalcontrol
●Biologicalcontrol
●Chemicalcontrol
Examples:
●Tineharrow,inter-rowhoe
●Grazing,rolling
●Applyingbeneficialbacteria/fungi
●Herbicide/Fungicide/Insecticide/ Molluscicide
AnthonyEllis
IntegratedPest Management&the SustainableFarming Incentive
SFIOptionsforIPM
●CIMP1-Assessintegratedpestmanagementandproduceaplan.
●CIPM2-Flowerrichgrassmargins,blockorin-fieldstrips
●CIPM3-Companioncroponarableandhorticulturalland
●CIPM4-Nouseofinsecticideonarablecropsandpermanentcrops
AnthonyEllis
CIPM1-Assessintegratedpestmanagementandproduceaplan
●£1,129/yrfor3years
●YoumustarrangeforamemberoftheBASISProfessionalRegister who’squalifiedwiththerelevantBASISCertificateinCropProtection forthecropsyou’regrowing(a‘BASISqualifiedadviser’)tovisityour farm
●Assessyourcurrentapproachtocroppest,weedanddisease managementforyourland.
●IdentifyanddiscussopportunitiesforusingIPMonthatland
●HelpyoutoproduceawrittenIPMplan
Youmustkeep:
●awrittenrecordofyourIPMplan,includingtheIPMassessment
●evidencethattheadviserisaBASISqualifiedadviser,suchas theirnameandBASISregistrationnumber
https://voluntaryinitiative.org.uk/schemes/inte grated-pest-management/
CIPM2-Flowerrichgrassmargins,blocksorin-fieldstrips
Aims
Thisaction’saimisthatthere’sanestablishedmulti-annualflower-rich grassmixwhich:
●isgrowinginmargins,blocksorin-fieldstrips
●producesfloweringplantsduringthespringandsummermonths, intoearlyautumn
Thepurposeofthisisto:
●encouragenaturalcroppestpredatorsaspartofanintegrated pestmanagementapproachiflocatedclosetocroppedareas
●providehabitatandforagingsitesforinvertebrates,including naturalcroppestpredators,wildpollinatorssuchasbumblebees, solitarybees,butterfliesandhoverflies,andfarmlandbirds
CIPM2-Flowerrichgrassmargins,blocksorin-fieldstrips(cont)
●£798/ha/yrfor3years.
●Youmustestablishaflower-richgrassmixasamargin,blockorinfieldstriponlandenteredintothisaction.
●Youmustuseaseedmixwhichincludesatleastboth:
○4grassspecies(notryegrass)–theseshouldmakeupno morethan90%ofthetotalmixbyweight
○10wildflowerspecies–withnoindividualflowerspecies beingmorethan25%ofthetotalwildflowerspecieselement byweight
●Oncetheflower-richgrassmargin,blockorin-fieldstripis established(usuallyfromthesecondspringaftersowing),youmust maintainit.Todothisyoumustmanageitinawaythatcan reasonablybeexpectedtoachievethisaction’saim.
●Seed= £95-£160/ha
●Drilling= £30-£60/ha
CIPM2-Flowerrichgrassmargins,blocksorin-fieldstrips(cont)
Benefits:
●£798/ha
●Refuge&foodforbeneficial insects
●Improvedresiliencetoinsect damage
●Increaseddiversity
●Beneficialscanmoveupto60m intoacropfromarefugearea
Risks:
●Increasedherbicidecost/use
●Reservoirforproblemweeds e.g.Brome
●Reducedcroppedarea
●Addedmanagement complexity
●Canbeusedinsmallareasofhigh erosionrisk
CIPM3-Companioncroponarableandhorticulturalland
Aims
Thisaction’saimisthatthere’scompanioncropgrowingwithamainarableor horticulturalcrop.
Thepurposeofthisistodooneormoreofthefollowing:
●supportanintegratedpestmanagement(IPM)approachbyactingasa trapcropforpestsorbysuppressingweeds
●provideahabitatforbirdsandinvertebrates,includingpollinatorsand naturalcroppestpredators
●managenutrientefficiency
●protectsoilandimproveitscondition
Peas,Barleyandwhiteclover,Truro
CIPM3-Companioncroponarableandhorticulturalland(cont)
●£55/hafor3years.
●Youmustestablishacompanioncroponlandenteredintothisaction,soit’s growingwiththemainarableorhorticulturalcrop.
●Thecompanioncropdoesnothavetobepresentforthefullgrowingperiodofthe arableorhorticulturalcrop,aslongasit’smanagedinawaythatcanreasonably beexpectedtoachievetheaction’saimanditsintendedpurpose.
Youcanestablishthecompanioncropby:
●trapcropping–sowingatrapcroptoattractcroppestsawayfromthemain arableorhorticulturalcrop
●inter-cropping–sowingthecompanioncropwiththemainarableorhorticultural crop
●undersowing–sowingacompanioncroptoformalivingmulchbeneaththe arableorhorticulturalcrop.
Soyabeans,triticaleandwhiteclover,Truro
CIPM3-OilSeedRapeCompanionsTrialsbyAgrii&ADAS
●CSFBspotgreenonbrowncolourdifferentialofyoungORSplantsonearth.
●Eliminateploughing,leavestubbleslongandaddquickestablishingcompanioncropshelp toreducethecolourcontrast.(Agrii)
●OilSeedRapeCompanionoptionsforthecontrolofCabbageStemFleaBeetle(CSFB):
●Buckwheat
●BerseemClover
●Fenugreek
●Vetch
●Facelia
●Combinations(c£38/ha):50%Buckwheat,25%Vetch,25%Phacelia
50%Buckwheat 25%BerseemClover,25%Fenugreek
●Aimfor50ppm2ifacombination,or30ppm2forBuckwheatalone.(Agrii)
●Establishcompanioncrop1weekbeforeOilSeedRapeforbestresults.(ADAS)
●Companioncrop=30%reductioninCSFBattack(ADAS)
Buckwheat,Pensipple
CIPM3-Companioncroponarableandhorticulturalland(cont)
Benefits:
●£55/yr
●Increasedgeneticdiversity
●Reducedpestanddisease progression
●Increasedweedcompetition
●Increasedsunlightintersection
●Potentialnewmarketopportunity
●Potentialincreasedgrossmargin
Risks:
●Addedcost
●Reducedyield
●Competitionwiththecrop
●Contaminatedcrop
●Separationoftwodifferentcrops
CIPM4-Nouseofinsecticideonarableandpermanentcrops
Aims
Thisaction’saimisthatnoplantprotectionproductscontaininginsecticideare appliedonanarablecroporpermanentcrops.
Thepurposeofthisisto:
●supportanintegratedpestmanagementapproachbymanagingcrop pestsinamoresustainableway
●improvewaterandairquality
●increasebiodiversity
CIPM4-Nouseofinsecticideonarableandpermanentcrops(cont)
●£45/hafor3years
●Youmustnotapplyanyplantprotectionproductscontaininginsecticideon landenteredintothisaction,including:
●insecticideseeddressings
●nematicidesandacaricides
●otherinsecticides,suchassilicainsecticidesandorangeoil
●Youcanapplyherbicides,fungicidesorplantgrowthregulators.
●Ifthelandisbeingusedtogrowarablecrops(includingnon-permanent horticulturalcrops),youmustdothisactiononone‘cashcrop’fromwhen it’ssownuntilit’sharvested.
●A‘cashcrop’meansacropgrowntobeharvestedforcommercialuse.
●combinablecrops,suchascerealsandoilseedrape
●rootcrops
●fieldvegetablesandsaladcrops
●softfruitcropswhichdonotoccupythelandfor5yearsormoreand providerepeatedharvests(alsoknownaspermanentcrops)
CIPM4-Nouseofinsecticideonarableandpermanentcrops(cont)
Benefits:
●£40/hapayment
●c£20-£25/hareducedchemand applicationcosts.
●Netbenefit=c£60/ha
●Increasedinsectdiversity
●Reduceddependenceon insecticides
●Resistancemanagement
Risks:
●Insectdamage
●Virusspread
●Yieldcompromised
●Carefulmanagementrequired
ConsiderstackingothercomplementarySFIoptions
•CAHL44mto12mgrassbufferstriponarableandhorticulturalland£515perhectare3years
•BFS112mto24mwatercoursebufferstriponcultivatedland£707perhectare3years
•BFS66mto12mhabitatstripnexttowatercourses£742perhectare5years
•CAHL1Pollenandnectarflowermix£739perhectare3years
•AHW3Beetlebanks£764perhectare3years
ComfortBreak
ScenarioPlanningExercise
●Ingroups
●Chooseacropononeofyourfarms.
●Identifyaweed,pestanddiseasethatmightbearisktothatcrop.
●Identifywhichcultural,mechanical,biologicalandchemicalcontrolsmightbe deployedtominimisethatrisk.
●IdentifySFIfundingopportunitiesthatmighthelpyouachieveyouraims.
●20minstoplanthen20minstodiscuss.
●Presentyourfindings…
AnthonyEllis
ScenarioPlanning-Conclusion
●WhatamIgoingtodotoday?
●WhatamIgoingtodooverthenext6months?
●WhatamIgoingtodolongterm?
AnthonyEllis
Conclusion
•IPMisasystems-basedapproach
•DonotviewtheSFIoptionsinisolation
•Considerhowtheymaybeusedin combinationwithotherpracticesor options
•Reducescostsassociatedwithchemical pesticides.
•Minimizesenvironmentalandhealthrisks.
•Supportsbiodiversityandlong-termsoil health.
•Enhancescropresilienceandyields.
ByintegratingIPMwithSFIpractices,farmerscanachieveasustainableand effectiveapproachtopestmanagementthatalignswithbotheconomicand environmentalgoals.
AnthonyEllis
www.farmcarbontoolkit.org.uk
