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strategy
“Our project unfolds over three successional layers of strategy at macro, meso and micro gradients”
ydrology oading egetation Our research lead us to believe that memorial styles typical of the 20th century are slowly declining and branching in a new direction. Is a living memorial the way of the future? A process that will re evaluate, conserve, restore and re- habilitate. To further enhance the environmental, archaeological, historical, cultural and human assets to ensure the protection of the natural area of the Gallipoli Peninsula in it’s entirety as a National Park. We aim to “develop a vision and a philosophy; concepts, policies and strategies; planning and design ideas rather than singular solutions to a specific location”.
areas of
Our proposal is to expose the threads of opportunities, revealing issues that need addressing. We plan to open up spaces to allow nature to grow it’s own course working at different scales from macro, through to meso and then micro as all these holistically are intrinsic of each other. By changing one we enhance them all. We are not looking to replicate “nature” or to mimic the creation of natural growth but rather to allow for regeneration, our intention is to create the ability to open up a space for the beauty to regenerate/revive the ecological environment. “As when the ecological environment is restored the birds return, the people come and the economy rises”.
Landscape Ecology assessment of the Gallipoli Peninsula Historical National Park that identified areas of poor biodiversity and low connectivity. This highlighted roads and stream margins as potential greenways.
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Cape Reinga, Te Rerenga Wairua is the iconic northern tip of Aotearoa. It is an area, which is highly regarded by many for its significant spiritual, cultural and ecological values. Regardless of cultural and spiritual beliefs, most visitors appreciate the Cape’s uniqueness and many have jumped at the opportunity offered by Wayne Petera to establish a tangible connection with the land. The ‘Seed for the Future’ project offers all visitors, ecologically focused individuals and corporate sponsors, an opportunity to reduce their carbon footprint by leaving a living legacy at Te Rerenga Wairua. For $20 they are able to plant a native seedling of their choice in a pre-prepared hole and are issued with a certificate bearing the plant’s GPS coordinates so
they can monitor its growth from afar. “People go there as visitors and have a meaningful experience. They leave something positive behind and feel as if they’ve put down roots”. (http://www. natives.co.nz/)
The Bugday Association for supporting ecological living is an organization working in many areas of ecological living. They are active in lobbying for protection of key biological areas including the Mediterranean Basin of which the Gallipoli Peninsular Historical National Park is part of. Bugday believe that biodiversity also has an important role in rural culture and the appreciation of nature through traditional practices has been extremely important for the conservation of biodiversity in Turkey. The human activity that occupies the largest land area in nature is agriculture. The land does not have to be cleared from human activity to be protected; it should be protected and enriched by human life and activities. Their aim is to protect biodiversity through education campaigns in agricultural areas including ‘Farm stay’ tourism projects across Turkey as a way of protecting traditions and traditional values from the threat of land fragmentation, rapid economic development and the abandonment of rural areas. Historically, Turkey’s agricultural impact on the environment was relatively benign. Until the early 1950s, more than 80% of the inhabitants of Turkey still lived in villages. Subsistence farming is a way of life that is rapidly changing as agriculture continues to modernize, and small-scale farming is abandoned by an increasing number of people due to poor socioeconomic conditions in rural areas compared to the cities. Turkey’s location at the crossroads of the Asian, European and African continents makes it a key site for global diversity both ecologically and culturally.
By taking a significant part of this case study, the spiritual, cultural and ecological values that a site contains and offering visitors to share a meaningful experience or moment by having an opportunity to rejuvenate the landscape they walk on. We will use this ceremonial process as a framework to commemorate our lost soldiers on the shores at Gallipoli. Carpeting a significant area of the landscape, that has been disturbed over centuries by the influx of outer nations.
species of which 848 are endemic. • There are more than 300 Key Biodiversity Areas in Turkey selected for plants, birds, mammals, reptiles, amphibians, freshwater fish, butterflies and dragon flies. The total area of these Key Biodiversity Areas occupy 20.3 million hectares of land which is equivalent to 26% of the territory of Turkey, although the designated protected areas total a mere 5.8 %. • Approximately half (53%) of Turkey’s total area of 77.9 million hectares is currently used for crop and livestock production. This integration of conservation and agriculture is a basis for the enhancement of biodiversity across farmland. The establishment of roadside wildlife corridors and enhancement of stream margin habitats has little impact on the economy of the subsistence farming community but substantially improves ecology in general.
• By the end of 2009, the Turkish population stood at a little over 72,5 million, which is made up of numerous ethnicities, the majority of which are Turks. • With nearly 9,000 species of vascular plants and ferns, Turkey has the richest flora of any country in the temperate zone and a level of endemism of almost 34% (3,022 species). • There are 22 mammals, 13 internationally and 90 nationally threatened birds, 10 amphibians, 9 reptiles, 12 freshwater fish. 50 fish species under threat of extinction according the Global Red List and 1633 endangered plant
roadside greenways
stream margins
w e t s t r e a m margins
d r y s t r e a m margins
improved
connections
a n d In the Mediterranean region there are two main vegetation of plants of higher ecological order with a community of lower formations: In the lower belt is the main natural occurrence area of ecological order. This secondary succession usually begins with red pine Pinus brutia forests and the secondary vegetation of the higher stages of soil development and plant communities therefore maquis. improvement can be quite rapid. The first step in the process is migration, which is the movement Maquis: of the progeny of a plant to a new location. Migration can occur A Mediterranean shrub land biome, typically consisting of densely sexually in the form of seeds or vegetatively using eco-sourced growing evergreen shrubs typically 2–4 m high. Plants species plant material. include oak, heather, strawberry tree, and juniper. Similar habitat types exist in England (heath) North America, Roadside Greenways and Stream Margin Habitats: (chaparral) South Africa (fynbos) and Australia (kwogan) although Essential for providing connectivity between ecosystems, corridors, the kinds of plants indigenous to these other habitats are different. even narrow ones, provide habitats in which some organisms will The Maquis vegetation in Turkey is a secondary regressive live and reproduce. For some species the value of these corridors is plant community where red pine forests have been destroyed, greater as habitat than as travel-way. The most effective corridors degenerated and cleared. Maquis communities are widespread are those that contain resident reproducing populations of the on limestone soils and grow very well because of the fact that species of interest. their roots easily develop along the cracks and between the layer surfaces. Even if they are subject to fire or cleared, they can We propose using plantings of low maquis trees and shrubs to regenerate through root suckers. vegetate roadside greenways and stream margins. Due to the current degree of disturbance on the steep hillsides of the Gallipoli In order to improve the ecological function of the area we aim to Peninsula we propose to use seeds of low maquis flowers in this compensate or eliminate disturbance (and soil degradation) and area. limit vegetation deterioration by replacement of a community
1. Glaucium flavum yellow horned poppy
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A. Sus scrofa wild boar
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C. Vulpes vulpes red fox
B. Talpa europea european mole
2. Astragallus trojanus vetch 3. Adonis flammea 4. Juniperus oxycedrus juniper
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5. Quercus coccifera kermes oak
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D. Sciurus vulgaris red squirrel
6. Burchardia umbellate wild spring flower
E. Lanius collurio redbacked shrike
7. Coridothymus capitatus thyme
8. Tulipa hellespontica tulip
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F. Ardeola ralloides squacco heron
9. Paliurus aculeatus crown of thorns
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G. Mustela putris common polecat
10. Erica arborea tree heath 11. Cistus salvilfolius rock rose
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12. Pistacia terbinthus pistacio
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I. Earetla garzetla little egret
13. Arbutus andrachne strawberry tree
J. Meles meles badger
14. Limodorum abortivum orchid
15. Phillyrea latifolia 16. Quercus aegilops valonia oak 17. Centaurea pichleri wild cornflower 18. Mrytus communis
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H. Hemidactylus turcicus
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K. Erinaceus concolor eastern hedgehog L. Lacerta viridis lesser green lizard
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Water flows
Vehicular circulation
Pedestrian movement between monuments
Hydrological investigations of the Gallipoli Peninsula Historical National Park highlighted the need for additional water provision. Catchment of winter rainfalls for summer dispersion is a logical engineering mechanism to hydrate our successional strategies. Essential Infrastructure such as bus parking provides an opportunity for water catchment and storage.
Green wall
Solar panels
Section BB
Garden beds
Section AA
Water filtration New Zealand Chunuk Bair memorial
Turkish memorial at Chunuk Bair Water Reservoir
Water Reservoir
Water Dispersal
Water Dispersal
change
The Centenary is an occasion that could highlight the ecological fragility of the Gallipoli Peninsula Historical National Park. Chunuk Bair will be a site of prominence during the celebrations which provides a platform for an interactive landscape installation. We propose using this site as our initial phase to emulate the dispersal of colonising plant species through a series of seed mandalas
We open up spaces to allow nature to grow its own course working through the different scales from then
to
and
as all these layers are intrinsic of each other. By changing one we enhance them all. Chunuk Bair is the beginnings
of this successional strategy which will
the
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commemoration Josephine Clarke, Helena Downey, Catherine Duncan, Erin Hodges, Cora Lawton