CONSTRUCTION MATERIAL MANAGEMENT & WASTAGE CONTROL

Construction Site Safety Management (ECM744)

CHAPTER 3.0 : CONSTRUCTION MATERIAL MANAGEMENT & WASTAGE CONTROL GROUP MEMBERS: NABIHAH HANNAN BT MOHD NOOR SHAH (2016755951) NOR SYUHADA BT ABD RAHIM (2016180951)

3.0 Construction Material Management & Wastage Control

LIST OF

SUBTOPIC S

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3.1 PRINCIPLE OF MATERIAL WASTAGE MANAGEMENT

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3.2 TYPES OF CONSTRUCTION WASTE

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3.3 WASTE REDUCTION AND PREVENTION CONSTRUCTION MATERIAL MANAGEMENT AND WASTAGE CONTROL

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Shen et. al (2004) - Construction waste are any building materials, concrete, steel, timber and other materials which are arising from various construction activities.

Wrap (2006) The construction, renovation and demolition activities which generate waste; the excess or damaged products during construction work; and temporarily products used during the activities are called as construction and demolition waste.

DEFINITION OF CONSTRUCTION WASTE

Method disposal used in Malaysia • • •

Landfilling / Open dumping (Least preferred)- Anaerobic landfill, Anaerobic sanitary landfill… etc Burial / Open burning (In rural areas) Incineration(Least preferred-mostly at pulau-pulau) – costly, emission dioxin & carcinogenic pollutant

building debris, rubble, earth, concrete, steel, timber and mixed site clearance materials, arising from various construction activities

demolition process

Reference: A Review Of Construction Waste Management And Initiatives In Malaysia, Nurzalikha Saadi, UMT 2016

Principle of Waste Management Waste Hierachy

PREVENTION and MINIMISATION of waste production at the source REUSE of resources where possible RECYCLING of generated waste ENERGY RECOVERY from nonrecyclable waste DISPOSAL to landfill

Reference: Achieving good practice Waste Minimisation and Management, WRAP

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Principle of Waste Management The key benefits of adopting the principles of good practice Waste Minimisation Management on a project :• Good planning on material handling could reduced the waste generated, hence reduced the material wastage • Less waste taken to landfill will reduce the gate fees for disposal

Reduced materials and disposal cost Lower CO2 emission (environment)

• Save environment and prevent global warming • Avoid combustion on incineration & open burning

Increased competitive differentiation Meeting planning requirements Responding to changes in public policy

• Benefit to both contractors and developers, help to meet client’s objective and requirement on achieving good practice of WMM • •

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Increasing good environment performance as a part of development process Ex: Setting condition by authorities Compliance to any government legislation on construction waste management on site

Reference: Achieving good practice Waste Minimisation and Management, WRAP

Chetna, 2011- Materials management is a process for planning, executing and controlling field and office activities in construction. The goal of materials management is to insure that construction materials are available at their point of use when needed

DEFINITION OF CONSTRUCTIO N MANAGEMEN MATERIAL T

Khyomesh V. Patel, 2011- ‘materials management can be said to be that process of management which coordinates, supervises and executes the tasks associated with the flow of materials to, through and out of an organization in an integrated fashion.

Materials have been the most major expenses in the project cost in construction.

Reference: Construction Materials Management On Project Sites, Khyomesh, 2011

Components of Material Management: Components of material management are: • Material estimation, budgeting, planning and programming.

• Scheduling , purchasing and procurement • Receiving and inspection.

• Inventory control, storage and warehousing • Material handling and transport • Waste management

Objective of Construction Material Management 1

Efficient material planning 2

Efficient Buying or Purchasing 3 4

Procuring and receiving Storing and Inventory Control

5 Supply and distribution of materials 6 7

Quality assurance

Good supplier and customer relationships

Reference: Construction Materials Management On Project Sites, Khyomesh, 2011

Process of Material Management Planning - There are four major types of planning at site which are includes time, cost, material and labour.

-The planning stage should be revised and monitored frequently in order for the work to be progress accordingly

Issuing Material -The Stores manager should be responsible in issuing the materials accordingly -The Store manager is responsible to the consumption of the materials at site in order to prevent any wastage at site

Receiving -There are two types of System of Receipt in material management which are Receipt from outside suppliers and Receipt from internal divisions

Stacking and Storage -Good storage should be located at site in order to store the arrival of construction materials.

-The types of storage also depending on the site space availability and company practices.

Reference: Construction Materials Management On Project Sites, Khyomesh, 2011

Inspection -When materials ordered reach the construction site, it is the responsibility of the inspector to inspect all of the materials that delivers to site is prior used in the work

IBS TO BE COMPULSORY CONSTRUCTION IN 2018

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TYPES OF CONSTRUCTION Definition/ Explanations

WASTE

Wood- waste material that are predominately new wood from new construction.

Examples: Plywood, chipwood, dimensional lumber, sawdust, window frame -can be recycling into wood shredder -waste create usually during demolition -unfortunetely, wood is usually a mixture of everything and hard to recycle which takes labor extensive and time consuming to recycle.

Concrete-wastage produce while pouring concrete. etc also brick, rock.

Happen usually during concreting activities at site. delay in transportation, Happen also due to lack in communication between site engineer, project coordinator and the concrete supplier.

CONSTRUCTION MATERIAL MANAGEMENT AND WASTAGE CONTROL

Waste Status

Non-hazardous

Non-hazardous

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TYPES OF CONSTRUCTION

WASTE

Definition/ Explanations Drywall- Gypsum product that is a waste product from new construction.

Define : Are long thin sheets of chalky white materials used to create the wall in homes.(plasterboard) -When demolition sent to landfill, if the drywall get wet, the sulfates in the gypsum can leach into ground water and cause diarrhea if consumed.

- How to recycle : Remove screw/nails seperate the paper from gypsum.

Gypsum then ground into powder/ turn into pallet and sold to the market.

Masonry- Inert materials such as brick, concrete, rock and dirt that originated at a construction site -Did you know, brick has a lifespan more than 200 year.

-Usually waste happen during loading, unloading from truck. While cutting.

Recycle brick can used as general fill & highway subbase, in landscapping to produce new brick / block.

To prevent waste : Carefull hangdling while unloading from truck.

CONSTRUCTION MATERIAL MANAGEMENT AND WASTAGE CONTROL

Waste Status Non-hazardous

Non-hazardous

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TYPES OF CONSTRUCTION

WASTE

Definition/ Explanations Metal- Metallic materials that were a waste product of new construction. This material consisted of new metal studs and metal beams and pipes. Can be used as exterior and interior design) -Two types of metal: a) Non- Ferrous metal (non-magnet) : copper, aluminium, bracs, zinc, tungsten. (Worth to sell) - Ferrous metal : iron and steel ( not good in money)

Cardboard-Cardboard boxes, box board, and cardboard packing material.

-Paper and cardboard collect together.

-Turn into paper mill recycled into new products.

CONSTRUCTION MATERIAL MANAGEMENT AND WASTAGE CONTROL

Waste Status Non-hazardous

Non-hazardous

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TYPES OF CONSTRUCTION

WASTE

Definition/ Explanations Plastic- Plastic waste materials used in new construction. This included PVC Plumbing pipe, PVC sliding, Styrofoam insulation and plastic sheet.

- Usually can see plastic waste also while ordering the site materials.

- How to prevent, can order in bulk to prevent waste in packaging materials.

Waste Status

Non-hazardous

Glass- Causes of wastage :Any window glass that break due to mishandling at site. Hard to storage/ breakage during installation.

Non-hazardous -Recycled option for glass: crushing, screening, washing/drying -example : Fluorescent lighting, Pc monitor office, structural glass How to tackle glass wastage at site: 1) Providing staff with training in the handling of materials.

2) Separating glass waste to avoid damage and contamination.

3) Providing dedication storage area to reduce risk of damage.

4) Arrangging the materials to be delivered at the same time of installation day 5) Keeping records to prevent over ordering & minimise stock held on site.

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TYPES OF CONSTRUCTION Workplace Bad Housekeeping - Cause of Near-Miss.mp4

WASTE

Definition/ Explanations Rubber- Tyres, piping,mats, rag carpet. some of waste come from damage transportation such as tyres.

- tyres that has not been used can lead to Aedes mosquitoes at site that will harm safety and health of workers. which can lead to fatality.

Waste Status

Non-hazardous

% Contribution of construction waste at site : *Rubber / Concrete : 40-45% 20-25% concrete and cleanfill 10-15% plasterboard *Timber : 30-35% 20-25% timber framing, planks and pallets.

10% plywood, particle board *Metal : 6% CONSTRUCTION MATERIAL MANAGEMENT AND WASTAGE CONTROL

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Asbestos : Can cause mesothelioma, rare and deadly disease that can develop in linnings of the lungs abdomen or heart.

-Can be recycled: Ecolife explained that Asbestos can be heated to very high temperatured and turned into silica glass to produce ceramic product anfd stonewre products.

-To handle: 1) Use mask and glove while handling asbestos 2) Keep asbestos in damp and contained plastic bag when transporting this will reduce airborne fibres.

Lead : Lead enters the body primarily through inhalation and ingestion.

-Employers required to protect workers from inorganic lead exposure under OSHA. - Employer must follor the specific compliance activities.

- Exposure limit not more 8 hours time Silica : is a mineral compound silicon dioxide(SiO2) etc sand and quartz. weighted average for all employees covered.

-Not dangerous unless being disturbed.

-Can cause lung cancer, tuberculosis.

How to prevent: Water can be used to suppress the dust and vacuum.

How employers do to protect employees : 1) Restrict access to working area when necessary.

2) Good work practice.

3) Used respiratory protection used to limit inhaling.

4) Do not eat/drink in dusty areas.

5) Wash hand and shower.

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*Ref : Finland Government decree on waste (179/2012)

1)

HAZARDOUS WASTE

Typical hazardous waste products from construction, renovation or demolition works are asbestos, tar, radioactive waste, Silica, Printed Circuit Board (PCBs), lead, electrical components containing mercury, insulation materials containing hazardous substances etc.

REMOVAL

2) This is where it is extremely important for contractor adherence to OSHA’s

standards for Personal Protective Equipment. The right gloves and respirators can be life savers. To protect the environment; to protect the health of workers; to protect the health of people living in the surroundings of the site, and for safety reasons.

3) Decontamination is necessary so that hazardous particles will not contaminate the recyclable materials.

4)

Obtain safety data sheets from the producer or supplier. These data sheets give specific information about the care required in storing, using and disposing of a material. You may also need to check the removal and disposal requirements of hazardous materials with your city or district council.

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STRATEGY FOR MINIMIZING CONSTRUCTION WASTE (WASTE REDUCTION & PREVENTION) Construction Waste Can Be Minimized In The 4 Areas Of Construction Project: 1.Project planning 2.Pre-construction Phase 3.Off-site Activities 4.On-site Activities Reference: 1) House Keeping Management As A Strategy To Minimize Construction Waste In High Rise Building Projects,Conference on Structural Engineering and Construction, 2006

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1.Project planning • Communication among staff & stakeholders • Develop waste minimization plan • Provide training and knowledge • Reporting & monitoring

2.Pre Construction 1) Design Stage - design for building for operational waste reduction 2) Estimating and Purchasing - avoid over-estimating; - provide accurate volume of materials needed to suppliers

3.Off-site Activities1.Project 4.On site Activities

planning • Develop a procedure for handling and

• Prefabrication is main off-site activities that can reduce construction waste significantly.

As more building components can be fabricated like other manufacturing products.

• • • •

storage of materials Separating materials that reusable Litter management on-site Label each containers with correct information Give incentives to the project team on their effort in construction waste reduction.

Code of Practice for Site Waste Management Plans (SWMPs) in 2004

Construction Site Safety Management (ECM744)

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STUDY ON CONSTRUCTION WASTE MINIMIZATION STRATEGY IN JAKARTA, INDONESIA On-site Activities for Minimizing Construction Waste

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ON-SITE ACTIVITIES FOR HANDLING CONSTRUCTION WASTE Wastes collected by supervisor and subcontractors in designated location

• Must be stated in contract • Stressing/highlight on the supervisors and subcontractors to clean their waste in site meetings Clean, tidy, healthy project site • • • • • •

Good Productivity Reduce accident on project site Cost efficiency Improve work discipline Efficiency in the number of manpower employed Better house keeping

Construction Site Safety Management (ECM744)

Housekeeping personnel collect all the collected wastes and put in a big waste container

• Scheduled manpower for specific volume of waste • Control done by housekeeping unit head

Waste collected in the big waste container transported to a landfill using trucks • Schedule for trucks • Inspection on trucks before entering and just after exit the project site • Cost for handling waste is charged to each unit responsible (ex: Subcontractors)

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BENEFITS OF SITE WASTE MANAGEMENT PLAN (SWMP-THE BEST APPROACH) 1.

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Reduced 15% less waste on-site Reduced 43% waste to landfill 50% Savings in waste handling charges 40% saving on waste management costs compared to landfill disposal.

Help contractors/project managers to forecast and record the amount and type of construction waste that is likely to be produced in a project Assist in setting up appropriate management actions that reduce the amount of waste that will be sent to landfill Code of Practice for Site Waste Management Plans (SWMPs) in 2004 Construction Site Safety Management (ECM744)

FRAMEWORK OF SITE WASTE MANAGEMENT PLAN (SWMP)

PROJECT STAGE

SWMP ACTIONS

Project Set Up

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Enter project details Study the location of the site

Concept Design

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Record waste prevention actions Ex: Use modern method of constructions – prefabrication could reduce waste

Detail Design

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Forecast waste Good estimation of waste generation at site could avoid wastage

Pre Construction

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Specify waste carriers / nominated an efficient waste contractors Plan waste destinations Record waste management and recovery actions

Construction

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Enter actual waste generated, reduction, recovery and management activities.

Good housekeeping Carry out training, monitoring and recording

Post Construction

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Compare actual against forecast waste management activities Assess performance based on KPIs Suggest improvement for next project

Reference: Sustainable construction waste management in Malaysia: A contractors’ Perspectives (2011)

Challenges of SWMP Implementation •

Time taken to prepare and draft the SWMP – The cost includes research time such as locating nearby recycling points; estimate research such as anticipated waste volume; and time and effort to draft the plan and obtain confirmation and signatures of those involved with the plan (WRAP 2004).

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Implementing the SWMP – Monitoring, updating and reviewing SWMP The costs involved are additional skip hiring charges, and communicating and training of staff. Construction and demolition companies have identified waste segregation as the most beneficial element of implementing a SWMP (Gritten 2007).

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Lack of a client requirement for good practice The lack of a contractual obligation may not induce the contractor to implement good practice of WMM. (WRAP, 2006)

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Space on-site Small site and high density sites have limit space available for segregation of waste. (WRAP, 2006)

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Project Timecales Tight programes and activities on site is one of the main constraints for good practice of SWMP . (WRAP, 2006)

Reference: Factors Influencing The Implementation Of Site Waste Management Plans On Uk Projects Of All Sizes (2013)

WASTE PREVENTION STRATEGIES 1.

2.

3.

4.

 CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS - Good planning before ordering the construction materials to

prevent any wastage.

 PROPER STORAGE - Have a proper storage in order to prevent any

construction materials being damage by exposed to sunlight or rain.

 HANDLING - Proper handling of construction material in and out of transport to prevent any damage that will lead to wastage. Etc, delay in transportation  Select appropriate construction method – prefabrication (IBS)

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WASTE PREVENTION STRATEGIES 5.

 DESIGN - Prevent any frequent design changes to prevent any wastage. (have coordination meeting to avoid lack of design information)

 WORKERS

6.

- Send worker for training to avoid lack of experience.

- Prevent foreign worker in order to avoid any bad attitude from worker or miscommunication at site.

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REFERENCES 1) Strategies for construction waste management in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam (2013) 2) Sustainable construction waste management in Malaysia: A contractors’ Perspectives (2011) 3) Waste Generation and Recycling: Comparison of Conventional and Industrialized Building Systems (UKM), 2011 4) Factors Influencing The Implementation Of Site Waste Management Plans On Uk Projects Of All Sizes (2013) 5) Bambang Trigunarsyah, House keeping Management As A Strategy To Minimize Construction Waste in High Rise Building Project.(2006)

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THANK YOU CONSTRUCTION MATERIAL MANAGEMENT AND WASTAGE CONTROL

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