KHIPU METHOD It is applied a method based on the Khipu, an Inkan knotted-based instrument as an interactive 3D model to register qualitative information in order to inform design principles and strategies.
DESIGN PRINCIPLES To analyse past elements
RE-ASSEMBLING THE ORACLE GIVING PLACE TO THE RE-EMERGENCE OF SPIRITUAL ECOLOGY Constanza Jara Herrera Thesis of Master of Landscape Architecture Supervised by Dr Gini Lee November 2019
Pachacamac Archaeological/oracle Site
Inka Road/Qhapac Ñan
Peruvian precolonial societies Lima Wari Ychma
Place where the water comes from
DIASPORA
0 -600 CE 600-1100 CE 1100-1450 CE
ANDEAN CULTURE
INKA
1533-present
1450-1533
MESTIZO SPANISH
Sacred mountain Apu Pariacaca
Rainfall
PEASANT
500 years of colonisation & coloniality
Altiplanic lagoons
rural areas
SUBALTERN
Amunas/Infiltration channels
metropolitan borders
4800 m Settlements
Lima
places + identities + ecologies Cultivation terraces
Ecologic Educational
FLEXIBLE STAGED GROUNDS Facilitate the re-emergence of foundational aspects of Andean cosmovision in a Mestizo space
THOROUGHFARE SQUARE ATRIUM
Native planting based on TEK Care of ecosystem Reconnect water system
Political SPIRITUAL
Cultural
3500 m
Water table
Fog harvesting Sunken crops
Economic
Social
4000 m
Mist
Pachacamac oracle
Place where the water is called
Andes mountain region Pukios/springs
2300 m
Dialectic and trading spaces Space for share knowledge Pacific Ocean
500 m
Desertic costal region
Performance of rituals Interpretative elements
0m
Riv er
pa Qh a
PARIACACA Lu
Ind
rin
ora
rad
Villa El Salvador settlement
pa Se Av.
Huascar Park
cÑ
an
to
Xa u
Lim a
xa
FOUNDATIONAL ANDEAN RELATIONSHIPS
ial
r ust Future linear park
Pachacamac ‘Intangible Area’
Largest place of the oracle in the Pan-Andean region for over 1500 years
DESIGN STRATEGIES To analyse current and future factors
Orchards
Julio Cesar Tello II settlement
MUNA Site Museum LEGEND Site boundary Residential use
d m na Pa
Agriculture - Orchard
Ol
Parks
Pachacamac Monumental area
URPIWACHAQ
Agriculture - Farmland
na ica er
Urpiwachaq Lagoon
Tourism Industrial use Cemetery Educational Recreational use
PACHACAMAC
Touristic zone
Comercial River
Ne
me
Pacific Ocean
Lagoon
Farmland
wP ana
Main roads Contours 50m
ric
CAVILLACA
ana
Watershed 1:15000@A3 0
PACHACAMAC SITE ANALYSIS
100 200
500m
METROPOLITAN DYNAMICS OF LIMA, PERU
1:15000
ABSTRACT Pachacamac archaeological site is located in the outskirts of Lima, Peru, and has been known as the largest place of the oracle in the coastal pan-Andean region for over 1500 years.
FOUNDATIONAL TRACES
SITE TODAY
This thesis proposes a series of Flexible Staged Grounds for Pachacamac to facilitate a process of re-emergence of spiritual ecology and give place to foundational aspects of Andean cosmovision, which merges celebration of ritual with care for ecological systems. In an effort for resignify places, identities and ecologies, the Flexible Staged Grounds are sustained by a network of threads and knots that re-assemble precolonial past with present uses.
RE-ASSEMBLING THE ORACLE
KHIPU
A Khipu methodology drawn from an Inkan knot-based system is used as an analytical tool for mapping and revealing relationships for design strategies. Thoroughfare, Square and Atrium are the three main spaces that comprise the design of this proposal, and which include traditional vegetation management, trading pavilion, performance of procession and rituals, among others. This proposal seeks the flourishing of intercultural memories for indigenous and non-indigenous people in/with this landscape setting.
DESIGN PRINCIPLES & STRATEGIES
WATER THREAD
UNDERSTANDING CELEBRATING GENEALOGY
SITUATING ACTIVATING TERRITORIAL NETWORKS
REVEALING REOCCUPYING RELATIONAL PLACE
TRACKING RETERRITORIALISING LOCAL PRACTICES
LEARNING THREAD
PROCESSION THREAD
INTERPRETING REEMERGING CULTURAL MEANINGS
Acllawasi Temple, August 2019 Temple of the Sun, August 2019
CEREMONIAL KNOT
NETWORK OF THREADS AND KNOTS
HANAK PACHA
Temple of the sun
OVERALL VIEW
External/above realm
RITUAL ATRIUM
SALUTATION ATRIUM
DIALECTIC KNOT Performance ground
WATER KNOT Amphitheatre
Outdoor classroom Acllawasi Temple
KAY PACHA
Mundane realm
Inkan Tiana seating mobile furniture
Learning thread
Procession thread East-west street
SITE MUSEUM
Allillanñachu kanki?
Pukio/ spring
Learning thread Ari tatay
Threshold - Art installation knotting to enter Fog-infiltration with tillandsias
Jaguey water seasonal spot
Water thread
Sensorial threshold through layers of xeric vegetation
Outdoor workshops
UKU PACHA
Inner/below realm
Native reforestation Urpiwachaq lagoon
Wet
Inkan plints
Sunken crops
Sharing matico/plant-knowledge emoliente/drinks quechua/language
Dry
WATER THOROUGHFARE Gradual transition of levels Fostering past meanings and current uses
Amphitheatre
Based on historical traces (Im)permanence + multiplicity Traces of the second wall
Control slope erosion
SALUTATION AND RITUAL ATRIUM
SQUARE - TRADING PAVILION Fog garden
Link of cosmogonic narrative with surrounding landscape
Procession thread Inward balustrade
Outdoor classrooms
Performance ground - Large groups
Acllawasi Temple
Procession thread
Steps and hallway as interface
Workshops - mid size groups
Learning thread
Stalls - small size groups
Learning thread
Outward balustrade Interpretative element
P2
Fog garden
Shrine
Stone pavement treatment - Ceremonial area
Interpretative art elements
P1
Loop around the temple
m ite Museu
S
New irrigation channel Phytoremediation pond for greywater
Outdoor workshop seating area Jaguey Seasonal water spot To Urpiwachaq lagoon Sunken crops Indigenous food
Permeable paving
Seating - all sizes
Traces of fi
rst wall
ple
em si T
wa
la Acl
ter Wa Existing jaguey (seasonal water spot)
Le
ead
thr
Existing irrigation New embedded Native xeric Parkinsonia channel irrigation channel shrub mass aculeata
Prosopis limensis
Jaguey/ seasonal water font Water from spring
le
p Tem Pachacamac sculpture Stone pavement treatment marking lines of peak planet movements
Schinus molle
PROGRESSIVE NATIVE REFORESTATION
Grey water from museum
Sunken crops
ing
n ar
WATER THOUROUGHFARE Fostering of past meanings associated with waters, women and fertility, mixed with current uses of performance and agriculture.
Phytoremediation pond
d
ea thr
CEREMONIAL ATRIUM Place to celebrate the encounter with stars and re-imagine the oracle/ Pachacamac through interpretative art elements. An invitation to listen and observe.
Brick pavement treatment marking ritual entrance to the temple
he of t
Sun