Question 1: What is the purpose of a conceptual model in network design?
A. To depict the physical layout of network components

B. To define protocols and standards for network communication
C. To provide a high-level representation of network functionality
D. To troubleshoot network issues and errors
Answer: C. To provide a high-level representation of network functionality
Explanation: A conceptual model in network design is used to provide a highlevel representation of network functionality. It helps to identify the major components and functions of a network and the relationships between them. It is not used to depict the physical layout of network components or define protocols and standards for network communication, nor is it used for troubleshooting network issues and errors.
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Question 2: Which layer of the OSI model is responsible for routing data between networks?
A. Application layer
B. Transport layer

C. Network layer
D. Data link layer
Answer: C. Network layer
Explanation: The Network layer is responsible for routing data between networks in the OSI model. This layer provides logical addressing and routing services to enable communication between hosts on different networks. The Application layer is responsible for providing services to user applications, the Transport layer ensures reliable communication between hosts, and the Data link layer provides reliable communication between adjacent devices on the same network.
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Question 3: Which of the following is not a consideration when designing a network topology?
A. Scalability
B. Cost-effectiveness
C. Security
D. Brand of network equipment

Answer: D. Brand of network equipment
Explanation: When designing a network topology, considerations include scalability, cost-effectiveness, and security. The brand of network equipment is not a significant factor in network topology design, although it can play a role in the purchasing decision for the equipment. Ultimately, the decision on the brand of equipment should be based on factors such as reliability, performance, and support rather than on the network topology design.
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Question 4: What is the purpose of a subnet mask in IP addressing?
A. To identify the network portion of an IP address

B. To identify the host portion of an IP address
C. To identify the default gateway of a network
D. To identify the DNS server of a network
Answer: A. To identify the network portion of an IP address
Explanation: A subnet mask is a 32-bit number used to identify the network portion of an IP address. It is used in conjunction with the IP address to determine which part of the address identifies the network and which part identifies the host. This information is used by network devices to properly route traffic between networks. The subnet mask is not used to identify the host portion of an IP address, the default gateway, or the DNS server of a network.
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Question 5: Which of the following network topologies is most commonly used in local area networks (LANs)?
A. Bus topology
B. Ring topology
C. Star topology

D. Mesh topology
Answer: C. Star topology
Explanation: The star topology is the most commonly used network topology in local area networks (LANs). In a star topology, each network device is connected to a central device such as a switch or hub, and all communication between devices is routed through this central device. This topology is easy to set up and maintain, and it allows for easy addition or removal of devices. Bus and ring topologies are less commonly used in modern networks, and mesh topologies are typically used in large-scale networks such as those used by internet service providers.
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