HAVANA studio: Presentation P1.5, Complex Projects, TU Delft

HAVANA C U B A

havana studio

volume 2

Complex Projects Chair: Prof. ir Kees Kaan

Complex Projects Chair: Prof. ir Kees Kaan

HAVANA C U B A

COMPLEX PROJECTS DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE

2016

Complex Projects Chair: Prof. ir Kees Kaan

Complex Projects Chair: Prof. ir Kees Kaan

As part of the graduation design studio Complex Projects (CP) 2016/2017, we have been introduced to the extraordinary island of Cuba. At the present time Cuba is on the verge of its most major and important development since the Castro Revolution.

The book before you contains our investigation of the capital city of Cuba and the urban proposal that resulted out of it. Through means of political, economic and architectural factors we have analyzed the city of Havana and created small urban infractions that should work as a catalyst towards an all-round urban intervention at the scale of the entire city.

This first interventions should support our search for our individual approach and fascinations for the development of Havana.

2016 March In order to know and to comprehend a foreign country, in order to be able to tranform our will for a better future into an intervention in the urban fabric of its capital, for knowledge, progress and the people, we gathered information about Cuba. Our modest work, touching on some interesting aspects of Cuban culture.

Department Chair: Professor Ir. Kees Kaan Coordinator: Tanner Merkeley Studio Leader: Paul Cournet Assistant: Rita L. Ă lvarez-TabĂ­o Togores Students / Editors: Bram van Klink, Liwen Zhang, Liviu Paicu, Michiel Schuurmans, Xiangting Meng, Erik Busger Op Vollenbroek, Peter Mudde, Sebastiaan Geerdink Publishers: Delft University of Technology Faculty of architecture Department, Complex Projects Printer: Komplot, Rotterdam

TABLE OF CONTENTS ANALYSIS 10 URBAN INTERVENTIONS 54 PERSONAL FASCINATION 106

Analysis

8

Analysis 9

1/ Analysis

Analysis

Scale

10

Analysis

The Netherlands

Cuba

11

250 km

Cuba

Analysis

Bays comparison

Sint Maarten

12

Rotterdam

Analysis

Amsterdam

13

Barcelona

Analysis

Airports comparison

40-50 minutes 20-30 minutes 30 minutes

1 KM

4 KM

14

Analysis

60 minutes

30 minutes 30 minutes

40-50 minutes 30 minutes 30 minutes

15

30-40 minutes

Analysis

Havana building history 1753

1853

1924

2016

16

17

Analysis

Analysis

Landscape Heavy industry City green

18

19

Analysis

Analysis

Infrastructure

P01

P05

P01

P05

Ciudad Libertad Airport (HAV) Ciudad Libertad P14(HAV) Airport

P14

P09

P04 P04 P16

P07

P16

P02 P07

P10

P09

P10 P12 P12

P13

P08 P02 P08 P06 P06

P13

Jose Marti International Airport (HAV) Jose Marti International Airport (HAV)

Managu

Managu

20

Analysis

P11 P03

P11 P15 P15

ua Airport (HAV)

ua Airport (HAV)

P01 P02 P01 P03 P02 P04 P03 P05 P04 P06 P05 P07 P06 P08 P07 P09 P08 P10 P09 P11 P10 P12 P11 P13 P12 P14 P13 P15 P14 P16 P15

Playa - La Rosita Cotorro - Vedado Playa - La Rosita Alamar Linea Cotorro--Tun Vedado Playa - T.- Tun Ferroc Alamar Linea S. Agustin - T. Ferroc Playa - T. Ferroc Electrico S. Agustin- Vedado - T. Ferroc Cotorro Electrico- -Fraternidad Vedado Electrico V. Panam Cotorro - -Fraternidad La Palma --V. Cujae Electrico Panam Playa - Vibora La Palma - Cujae Alamar Vedado Playa - Vibora Stgo - P.-Fratenidad Alamar Vedado Santiago - Palma Stgo - P. Fratenidad S. Agustin- -Palma Fraternidad Santiago Alamar - Vedado S. Agustin - Fraternidad Santiago - Vedado Alamar - Vedado

P16

Santiago - Vedado 21

P03

,5

22

n

y sit i o D e n lat

u Pop

Po

De ns

it

5 5600 .5 257/k ,1 1

m2

Analysis

Driving distance

22

o

Analysis

Populatio n ,57.3/k 651,3 m2 37

Density 1

23

997,644 ion m2 lat 2.057/k puty6,56

,5

22

n

y sit i o D e n lat

u Pop

Po

De ns

it

5 5600 .5 257/k ,1 1

m2

Analysis

Walking distance

24

o

Analysis

Populatio n ,57.3/k 651,3 m2 37

Density 1

25

997,644 ion m2 lat 2.057/k puty6,56

,5

22

n

y sit i o D e n lat

u Pop

Po

De ns

it

5 5600 .5 257/k ,1 1

m2

Analysis

Rivers and sea flooding

26

o

Analysis

Populatio n ,57.3/k 651,3 m2 37

Density 1

27

997,644 ion m2 lat 2.057/k puty6,56

22

n

22

u Pop ty si i o D e n lat u Pop

Po

De ns

it

y sit i o D e n lat

Po

De ns

it

, 5 n , 5 m2 m2 5 5600 .552557/6k00 .5 257/k ,1 1 ,1 1

Analysis

Population density

28

997,694947,644 ion mi2on m2 lat 2.057l/akt 2.057/k puty6,56 puty6,56

o

Analysis 29

o

Populatio n ,57.3/k 651,3 m2 37 Populatio n Density 1 ,57.3/k 651,3 m2 37 Density 1

Analysis

Housing prices

1.700 -

1.000 1.000 - 400.000 5 1111.110 CUC$

CUC$ 1.111 1111.110 CUC$ 230.000 CUC $

Centro Habana

Plaza de Revolution

Vieja

Playa

1.300 210.000 CUC$

1.850 Mariano 250.000 CUC $

Cerro

5.0 30.00 Regla

Diez de Octubre

1.111 1.5 333.000 CUC $ 80.000

La Lisa

1.600 - 250.000 CUC$ Boyeros

30

Playing rules: Playing rules: 1.

1 Cuban is allowed to have 2 properties, one to live in, one for vacation, 1.

1 Cuban is allowed 2 properties, live in, one for vacation, 2. A United State citizentoishave not allowed to buyone any to propperty, 2.Regular A United State citizen is not to buy any 3. properties are for saleallowed only to Cubans andpropperty, permanent residents 3.Some Regular properties are sale and permanent residents 4. condominiums arefor built foronly saletotoCubans foreigners, 4.Pay Some are built fora sale to for foreigners, 5. a lotcondominiums more as a foreigner than Cuban the same property.

5. Pay a lot more as a foreigner than a Cuban for the same property.

1.600 160.000 CUC$ Arroyo Narrajo

1

Analysis

1.900 500.000 CUC$

000 00 CUC$

1.500 - 600.000 CUC$

500 0 CUC$

1.000 350.000 CUC$ Guanabacoa

San Miguel del Padr贸n

Habana del Este

2.000 180.002 CUC$

31

Cottoro

Analysis

Hotels and accomodation with +- 300 Airbnb 324 Casa Particulares

32

33

Analysis

Analysis

Hospitals and polyclinics with 51 hospitals

34

35

Analysis

Analysis

54 WIFI spots

36

37

Analysis

Analysis

WIFI spots and public spaces

38

39

Analysis

Analysis

Voids

40

41

Analysis

Analysis

Building timeline

42

43

Analysis

Analysis

‘The communist route’ Russian Embassy

American Embassy Art School

Revolutionary square

44

Analysis

Alamar

45

Unesco site 1982

Analysis

UNESCO Preservation program Restoration and Rehabilitation Green Area Disabling port facilities New port area Eradication and / or transformation of old industries

46

47

Analysis

Analysis

Building conditions Ruins In need of repair

48

49

Analysis

Analysis

Water system

50

51

Analysis

Urban Interventions

52

53

2/ Urban Intentions Urban Interventions

Urban Interventions

17 Key sites US embassy La Rampa

Malecon

Harbor tunnel Centro Havana

Zanja ave

Revolution square El Cerro

Ferry har Mercado Cuatro caminos Train station

School of Arts

Jose Marti Airport

54

Urban Interventions

Alamar Playa del Este Fishing harbor Regla harbor

55

rbor

Urban Interventions

Integral design master plan

To new harbour

56

57

Urban Interventions

Urban Interventions

Urban connection master plan

58

59

Urban Interventions

Urban Interventions

Nature integration master plan

60

61

Urban Interventions

Urban Interventions

Public transport master plan LA RAMPA

MALECON

HOSPITAL

PLAZA DE LA REVOLUCION

62

Urban Interventions

TUNNEL

EL CAPITOLIO

FERRY PORT

63

TRAIN STATION

Urban Interventions

Jose Marti Airport Improve air traffic capacity and increase the airports integration within the urban fabric.

550m

270m

380m

64

65

900m

550m Urban Interventions

Urban Interventions

School of Arts & Ciudad Libertad Airport Improve the integration and usage of the Schools of Arts.

140m

30m

380m

140m

66

67

400m Urban Interventions

Urban Interventions

Playa del Este Improve the current situation trough low-tech flood proof elements.

50m

68

69

50m Urban Interventions

Urban Interventions

Alamar This area has little facilities compared to centre of Havana and are isolated from it. We add here facilities for the neighbourhood and public space, re-organize urban farming and improve climate locally.

living

living

ing

ing

377 m

living

living

ving

farm / fallow land

ving

living

70

ving

facilities in center Havana

Urban Interventions

farm farm gre nhouse scho l healthcare res arch 850 m

71

greenhouse research

living

farm healthcare

ing

farm school

Urban Interventions

Malecon Spreading tourism equally among Havana.

32m

72

73

32m Urban Interventions

Urban Interventions

Malecon Improve infrastructure and public space by increasing pedestrian area and decreasing traffic. Defend from flooding so the deteriorating stops and combine defence with temporary activities.

32m

74

75

32m Urban Interventions

Urban Interventions

La Rampa Improving street experience by connecting both street sides and create enclosure.

27m

76

77

27m Urban Interventions

Urban Interventions

Centro Havana Adding density and puclic space, preserving existing structures .

10m

78

79

30m Urban Interventions

Urban Interventions

Centro Havana Stimulate public space usage by reducing car transport.

12m

80

81

12m Urban Interventions

Urban Interventions

CURRENT CONDITION

IMPROVE + ADD CONNECTIONS

Train station With the increase of tourism train station will need have better public space , improved infrastructure and grow in in size.

150 m

82

83

150 m Urban Interventions

Urban Interventions

Mercado ‘cuatro caminos’ The market lost its function and isn’t the social hub it used to be anymore. The intervention gives it a new function as a library and makes the building part of a continuous public space.

180m

84

85

180m Urban Interventions

Urban Interventions

Revolution square The intervention makes the square more adaptive to current climatological influences, like heavy rainfall and too much sunlight.

120m

380m

86

87

380m Urban Interventions

Urban Interventions

USA embassy The embassy is currently an island in its anti-US surroundings. The intervention changes these surroundings in a US-friendly place that shows the renewed relationship and serves as a gate to the other country.

180m

88

89

180m Urban Interventions

Urban Interventions

Ferry harbor Improve and expand pedestrian area, public transport, public use of ‘boulevard’ around harbour area with (market) stalls.

120m

16m

90

91

16m

27,8m Urban Interventions

Urban Interventions

Fishing harbor Use of harbour, improve infrastructure, open waterfront, floating market, re-use of industrial sites.

18m

92

93

27,8m 25m Urban Interventions

Urban Interventions

Regla harbor Improve green area, use of waterfront and density of the urban fabric, re-use of industrial sites.

36m 120m

94

95

23m

120m Urban Interventions

Urban Interventions

El Cerro Improve puclic space, stimulate connection by substituting car traffic by public transport.

14m

96

97

14m Urban Interventions

Urban Interventions

Zanja ave Revive old tram infrastructure and improve the all-around pedestrian experience.

20m

98

99

20m Urban Interventions

Urban Interventions

Zanja ave Revive old tram infrastructure and improve the all-around pedestrian experience.

20m

100

101

20m Urban Interventions

Urban Interventions There is a tunnel for cars to cross the harbour but pedestrians and bicyclers cannot simply cross it.

A solution could be to build a bridge for the latter user groups. This bridge can be combined with commercial, touristic and other kinds of functions.

most large ships

castle

most large small shipscargo

castle

castle castle

ships

castle

50m

castle

housing/commercial /office

Harbor tunnel

50m 29m

s tunnel for motor vehicle

tunnel for motor vehicles

850 m

102

rcial

s tunnel for motor vehicle

Urban Interventions bridge for pedestrians and bicycles

bridge for pedestrians and bicycles

103

850 m

Personal Fascination

104

105

3/ Personal Fascinations Personal Fascination

Personal Fascination

by Erik Busger op Vollenbroek

SBUS SES -

SM -

MY

PUB L HERITA IC GE

T

O

U SM I R U COMM B U - P

XI TA LOCATION R RE SM LI

PORT - WA S AN AN CU TE R LT T CUB SOCI U A

IN

LI

O

- E CON A I LI S M - E Q U C S PA C E A R -T METRO

N

106

Personal Fascination

NEW INFRASTRUCTURE HUB My fascination starts with the Cubans themselves, they live on the streets. For them the streets are even more important than their living room. The public space are the streets of Havana, used either informal or formal. The train station is a function where these public spaces meet. But also the point where locals and tourist will interact for the first time.

Because the airport will be mostly tourist orientated. With the increase of visitors the current infrastructure system will be insufficient. Which will lead to a new infrastructure hub where trams, water taxies, trains and ferries need to work coherently to face this challenge.

Public transport is also in a some ways a continuation of the social aspects of communism, it’s equal to everybody. As the financial crisis has shown the capitalistic system isn’t bullet proof either. The correct system will be the best of both worlds, a bit from communism and capitalism. With an improved public transport, cars are less likely to increase exponentially. Havana can skip the car problems the western cities have and become a sustainable green city. Where the car is still the visitor in the streets of Havana, as it is now in some areas.

107

The site of the train station is also very fascinating because it’s on the cross-sections between the Harbour, Old Havana and Centrol Habana. The location used to be the city wall so there is a lot of history and heritage, the design perspectives are endless and numerous.

Personal Fascination

by Bram van Klink

108

Personal Fascination

Despite Fidel Castro’s recent warnings, regarding the recent change in the relationship with the US arch enemy the chances are very likely that Cuba Despite Fidel Castro’s recent warnings, regarding the will fall prey to the current day imperialists: the recent change in the relationship with the US arch big multinationals. Therefore it is time Cuba takes enemy the chances are very likely that Cuba willoffall a stance to be resilient enough for the threat prey to the big, current day imperialists: big multinaanother revolutionary change the by reinventing tionals.

Therefore it is and timetakes Cubathe takes a stance to be its political system socialist system that brought them a lot of good to a socialist resilient enough for the threat of another big, revolusystem that by is reinventing ready for the 21th century. tionary change its political systemA and building that makes the Cuban people aware of of takes the socialist system that brought them a lot their revolutionary history will help in their good to a socialist system that is ready for the 21th search for this improved system. This building century.

A building that makes the Cuban people will partly be a symbolic gesture, like a museum aware of theirtorevolutionary help inand their dedicated the history of history politicalwill systems, search forbethis improvedtypical system.

This building will partly a practical, modern function that partly be aCuba’s symbolic gesture, of likeentering a museum shows intentions the dedicat21th century, like a library where people can enjoy ed to the history of political systems, and partlythe be a freedom of themodern internet. function The best that placeshows to do Cuba’s this practical, typical will be the revolutionary square: it is the intentions of entering the 21th century, like hearth a library of the political power and it is the face of the where people can enjoy the freedom of the internet. revolution. Now the time of revolution is a closed Thebook, best this place to do this will be the revolutionary history can serve as the basis for a new square: is the hearth of the political power and it is futureit with new possibilities.

109

the face of the revolution. Now the time of revolution is a closed book, this history can serve as the basis for a new future with new possibilities.

Personal Fascination

by Peter Mudde Harmonizing social and economical development

110

Personal Fascination Cuba is entering the ‘future’, now Cuba and America are discussing to lift the embargo.

According to Obama will this historical shift change everything for Cuba. But in essence has there nothing to change for Cuba. Raul Castro answered that Cuba will not abandon socialism. But the exponential growth of tourism and interest of investors will be unstoppable. First by not American tourists, in the hope to experience the ‘authentic Cuba’.

Followed by the Americans who are since more than 60 years finally aloud again to travel to Cuba. Tourism will become the catalyst for change in Cuba. For most Cubans will this mean experiencing a new world. But how can these changes be interwoven with the Cuban culture? How can existing qualities be improved and protected against the new influences. How can the socialistic system of Cuba will be able to benefit from the capitalistic world instead of the other way around? Questions difficult to answer, but relevant. These are questions that are points of interest for me and I will use to foundate the project. I imagine a project where tourism will be connected with ‘Cuban’ functions.

111

I imagine my project to be a cluster of different functions with a public focus. A cluster where tourism will be combined with several other functions more focused for Cubans such as a kind of market place of knowledge (library, art, information centre) with the possibility for own start-ups.

Personal Fascination

by Sebastiaan Geerdink Havaa is a city full of ruins which tell their own story. Old theaters like the Campoamor or the fomer Regina hotel are abandoned and completely neglected but are symbolyzing the culture and history of Havana. In fact, the locals still use them and inhabit them even in a sorry state.

My fascination involves these ‘New Art of Making Ruins’ how to give these buildings new purpose, how they currently are used and make a (public) space and program suited for Havana 2.0.

112

113

Personal Fascination

Personal Fascination

by Liwen Zhang Whenever you search for a cuba related topic on the internet, you will find that a fierce discussion about communism and capitalism is almost unavoidable in the comment section. Despite the availability of information, it appears that there is little intention to comprehend tween the two groups.

The territory marked by the invisible but strong border of ideology around Cuba is shrinking due to the pressure of globalism.

Cuba which has been protecting and maintaining its ideological territory has to react to this threat opportunity. In order to remain strong the country should, instead of strengthen the border itself, actively push the border outwards by one the one side improve its position exporting products together with its ideology.

114

115

Personal Fascination

Personal Fascination

by Xianting Meng Develop the fish harbor area into a sustainable ecological plant which is the combination of the use of solar energy, hydroponics and aqua farming techniques.

116

117

Personal Fascination

Personal Fascination

by Liviu Paicu Havana is the focus point of the biggest ongoing invisible socialist-capitalist conflagration of our century. Despite the disembodied assaults upon the Cuban life, a very corporeal effect is to be seen within the urban fabric and inevitably the society.

The presence of the metaphorical pivotal point has been visible for a couple of years now, especially since the shift in governance from one Castro brother to another. On top of that the capitalist societies are changing the attack tactics and try to globalize the country through a way of economical assimilation by appealing to the dire need of the Cubans to reconnect with the inclusive human assemblage.

The Cuban government has multiple ways of contra acting with this engagements. Nevertheless, there are three most important: They can willing forfeit their socialist ideology, they can share their knowledge and expertise and influence the outer world about the potential of their ways or they can find a way in which they can capitalize socialism. Regardless of their strategy their involvement in the global world will happen by means of physical transportation (Air, Sea) or informational transportation (the internet). I would like to investigate these and see which way can be the most affordances abundant one.

118

119

Personal Fascination

Personal Fascination

by Michiel Schuurmans

120

Personal Fascination After Havana’s several relocations it settled down at the current location; at the entrance of the Bahia de la Habana. The harbour area always served as an import role for the development of Havana. While the harbour and industrial use grew, Havana developed towards the west. Due to the industrial use of the harbour the development of Havana’s urban fabric avoided the harbour area and causes disconnection of different urban areas around the harbour.

Fascinated by the change of environment of the harbour area now the industry is going to move to Mariel, which creates loads of exciting opportunities for the area. The current and future users are important to investigate the need and wishes for the development

121

The idea is to create a master plan, work out a little part of the harbour as an example for the development of the whole harbour area. The focus area is the old docks at the old city centre. The aim is to develop the harbour and (re)connect Havana.

“ The revolution is not an apple that falls when is ripe. You have to make it fall.”

-Che Guevara

COMPLEX PROJECTS DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE

2016

COMPLEX PROJECTS DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE

92 56 12 6 8 20 44 26 20 12 12 6 28 14