44
Cyprus
41
Sri Lanka Malta Canada
36
64
35
65
33
67
Hong Kong
32
68
26
74
Australia
23
77
New Zealand
22
78
South Africa
21
79
Antigua and Barbuda
20
80
Uganda
19
81
Malaysia
19
81
7
Botswana
0%
Female
59
Pakistan
United Kingdom
Male
56
93 10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Figure 19 Ratio of female to male architects 32 In 2015, Nottingham University reports the ratio of female to male first year students as being 69! 33 http://www.ace-cae.eu/fileadmin/New_Upload/7._ Publications/Sector_Study/2016/2016_EN_FN_070217_ new.pdf 34 http://www.latimes.com/opinion/op-ed/la-oe-stratigakosmissing-women-architects-20160421-story.html
The issue of gender balance has been a subject of considerable interest in recent years with a continuing trend of more women leaving the profession than men over their lifetime even though the number of women studying architecture has increased in many places32. It is noted that the ratios for the UK and Australia are relatively low and may be accounted for by the relatively high cost of childcare and reduced family support. It is interesting to compare these figures with similar surveys undertaken in Europe33 and the US34 where the female ratios are 38% and 18% respectively.
7.2.4 LEGAL FORMS OF ASSOCIATION PERMITTED IN EACH COUNTRY Region
Country
Partnership Architectural Practices Allowed
Limited Liability Companies Allowed
Africa
Botswana Ghana South Africa
Y Y
N Y
Uganda
Y
Y
No response Sole Practitioners Sole Practitioner, Close Corporation, Incorporated Company, Business Trust -
Bangladesh Hong Kong Malaysia Pakistan Sri Lanka
Y Y Y Y Y
Y Y Y Y Y
Sole Practitioners Sole Practitioners Sole Practitioners Sole Practitioners Sole Practitioners
Caribbean Antigua and and Barbuda Canada America
Y
Y
Sole Practitioners
Y
Y
Sole Practitioners, Partnership of Corporations, Joint venture Partnerships
Europe
Cyprus Malta
Y Y
Y N
United Kingdom
Y
Y
Sole Practitioners A limited liability company can offer architect.ural services provided the professional is identified Sole Practitioner, PLC, LLP, LC
Australia New Zealand
Y Y
Y Y
Sole Practitioners Sole Practitioners, Joint Venture, Alliance
Asia
Pacific
40
Other forms
Planning for Rapid Urbanisation