The Columnist Issue 3

3 2 Editorial

CURRENT AFFAIRS 3 Pieces of a Tsar 5 Inside the New European Agenda on Migration

SOCIAL COMMENTARY 7 Hoping for the Homeless 8 What is University For?

CULTURE 11 Librotraficantes 12 Streaming Ahead: Classical Music at a Crossroads

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Editorial Welcome (back) to your magazine.

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But this is not all about us. The Columnist is your magazine, and as such we want to engage with you. Our aims are high and our vision is clear: giving voice to student opinion, reducing editorial control to the minimum, and providing a platform for students involved in societies or similar to let others know about their motivations. Have you been a speaker in a public debate and would like to see your opinions published? Have you just joined the Swing Dance society and are amazed by the impact of swing dancing on contemporary dance? This is the place to make your opinions heard.

CURRENT AFFAIRS

Pieces of a Tsar

By Chris Belous

The Columnist Issue 3

3

saw high economic growth and an increase in real incomes by a factor of 2.5, according to the Peterson Institute for International Economics. Many Russians seem to support his style of rule and look up to him personally as a great leader, much like the attitude

To call Vladimir Putin a tsar outright would be a

often was to the tsars. Perhaps it may even be that

misunderstanding of the nature of the Russian

a lot of Russians favour Putin’s ‘hard’ ruling style

Empire’s tsarist autocracy up until 1917, but it is still

for being so tsar-like, with some finding security in

worth looking at the parallels between Russia then

his firm, no-nonsense approach to diplomacy. For

and now to figure out what kind of leader Putin is.

instance, after Hilary Clinton’s comment that Putin

Moreover, to understand Russia today, one cannot

had “no soul,” his response was, “at least the state

overlook Russian history.

figure should have a head.” The Russian leader has a clear belief in practical over emotional politics,

What makes a tsar a tsar? Historically speaking, the

which is something his public favour.

tsar was the leader of the Russian Empire, ordained

by God, and the father of his peoples. tsars often

Of course, there are many dissenters in Russia, and

headed economically backward and politically

they are invariably punished for daring to speak out

isolated, yet expansionist countries. They would

against an oppressive regime, with journalists shot

preside over actions which harmed minorities; they led proudly lavish lives; freedom of expression and assembly would often be supressed. Putin may not call himself the father of his peoples, and he certainly does not call himself ordained by God, but there can be no doubt that his actions in recent years have their similarities with tsarism.

Technically speaking, Russia today is a secular state.

Despite the fact that the majority of the population identify as Russian Orthodox Christians, religion is nominally secondary to politics. So, while the

and protesters imprisoned regularly. Indeed, freedom

tsar could claim his legitimacy from God, today’s

of speech is a touchy subject today, a key example of

Russian leaders must claim their legitimacy from the

this being the legislation against ‘gay propaganda’,

people, which Putin does well. Despite his party’s

passed in 2013 which in effect bans the distribution

lack of popularity, his personal approval ratings have

of content related to LGBT+ culture. Under the tsars,

remained consistently high; the independent, non-

censorship was also enacted frequently, as in the case

governmental Russian polling organisation Levada-

of the suppression of Ukrainian-language materials

Center found them to be as high as 87% last August.

in the 1880s. Moreover, freedom of assembly has

Putin has been able to keep his population happy in

been restricted under both Putin and the tsars. In

spite of recent economic problems and oppressive

2013, Moscow courts enacted a ban against gay

legislation, especially since his first presidency

pride marches for 100 years, and throughout the

CURRENT AFFAIRS

4 early nineteenth century, formations of any private

It is also important to consider Russia’s global

associations were forbidden unless personally au-

position. Despite Putin’s desire for the country to be

thorised by the tsar. The similarities are there, even

as strong and as independent as possible, a belief

if the focus of Putin and the tsars diverges.

shared with the tsars, Russia has nonetheless been embroiled in international politics throughout its

Then there are the comparisons that can be made

history, whether as invader or ally. The Crimean

between Putin’s presidential retreat (the extrava-

War was waged against Russia; both World Wars

gant dacha he occupies outside Moscow) and the

were waged with Russia as an Allied Power; the

Winter Palace, Saint Petersburg, in which the tsar

Cold War saw the USSR grow into the USA’s enemy superpower. Russia has also been consistently part of talks ranging from the G8 (although their membership is currently suspended due to the Ukraine crisis) to the 1814-5 Congress of Vienna. Putin understands Russia’s international status and his foreign policy reflects this, although he is also not afraid to make his own covert gains, as in the case of Ukraine, where his government has denied Russian military involvement despite this clearly

would reside. There is also the economic isolation

being the case.

and the fall of the value of the rouble following western sanctions in the wake of the ongoing

Putin, then, is both a modern and traditional ruler,

Ukraine conflict, which has some parallels with

picking and choosing western and Russian methods

the Russian Empire’s reputation for economic

as he sees fit, participating in international diploma-

backwardness. Finally, there is Russia’s ‘annexation’

cy but with an unapologetic eye on Russia’s agenda

of Crimea in March 2014, which is jarringly expan-

at all times. His approach and image is tsar-esque,

sionist for the twenty-first century and is really just

but he adapts his approach to fit the demands of the

a continuation of the territorial policy, spoken or

political moment, both inside and outside Russia.

unspoken, which Russia has always had regarding

Arguably then, Putin is a tsar for the twenty-first

the peninsula.

century.

First printed in The Columnist issue two.

CURRENT AFFAIRS

The Columnist Issue 3

5

Inside the New European Agenda on Migration

By Maria Pabolaza Lacambra On 19th April, a boat sunk 70 miles off Libya

overruled, the quota system recognizes that Italy

claiming the lives of 700 people. The tragedy

and Greece cannot realistically cope with this crisis.

represented a turning-point in public opinion,

It acknowledges that our current approach to

not because an increase in migration during the

migration is far from unsustainable, setting the tone

summer season was surprising, but because the

and pushing for change.

incident anticipated the challenges ahead. Now the current migration crisis is without doubt the

Secondly, the resettlement mechanism is a favourite

greatest challenge facing Europe in 2015.

of mine because it attempts to develop a long-term strategy to migration. The Commission proposes

As a result of those tragedies, last May the European

resettling in Europe 20,000 people who are

Commission introduced the New European Agenda

currently living in refugee camps outside of the EU,

on Migration, a comprehensive initiative that rests

also over the span of two years. It seeks to prevent

on several pillars – it establishes new channels for

more tragedies, and recognizes that we need a

high-skilled migration, counters migrant smuggling,

new way for refugees to cross the Mediterranean

strengthens the role of Frontex and Operation

without risking their lives. Without a fundamental

Triton, sets the tone for long-term common asylum

change in how migration is approached, more

policy and, most controversially, introduces a

people will continue to unnecessarily risk their lives.

relocation and resettlement mechanism for asylumseekers.

The proposal received a mixed response – only Italy, Greece, Germany, Belgium, Sweden, Austria,

First, let’s get down with the relocation mechanism.

Malta, the Netherlands and Cyprus agreed to it,

Over the next two years, this emergency initiative

and hence it was not approved. Eventually, it was

seeks to redistribute 40,000 Syrian and Eritrean

agreed that the Member States would redistribute

nationals that have arrived at the shores of Italy

32,256 asylum-seekers, and further talks about take

or Greece via a system of compulsory quotas on

place in December to expand this figure. Moreover,

the Member States. This proposal is surprising,

an agreement was reached to 22,504 refugees from

because it fundamentally changes the way the EU

outside of the EU.

approaches asylum-seeking. Previously, the Dublin III Regulation maintained that the state through

In principle, we are looking at a more generous

which migrants first entered the EU was responsible

policy of asylum. So what’s the catch? The truth

for processing its asylum-seeking application.

is the New Agenda for Migration is no bastion of

Although the Dublin Regulation has not been

European solidarity. The EU has tried to get member

CURRENT AFFAIRS

6 states to accept those numbers by exchanging a

What we fail to consider then is – if some countries

looser asylum policy for a more restrictive policy

are ‘safe’, why do people risk their lives crossing

in irregular migration. The Agenda increases

the Mediterranean? What are the motivations that

funding for security bodies, strengthens Frontex’s

drive someone to get inside a lorry in Austria, if not

legal ability to return migrants and establishes

a desire to fight for their lives? When the Agenda

new partnerships with key countries to accelerate

puts the focus on Syrians and Eritreans, who are we

return processes. It is unclear to me what kind of

leaving behind? How much persecution and fear is

solidarity involves drafting a list of ‘safe countries’,

enough to be considered an irregular migrant or an

so that migrants from those countries are returned

asylum-seeker?

immediately because their lives is not at risk enough.

Change is happening, but it may be small and insufficient. The New European Agenda

By acting tougher on irregular migration, the

for Migration changes the tone surrounding

EU perpetuates a dichotomy between refugees,

discussions about migration, challenging the

those worthy of sanctuary, and irregular migrants,

Dublin protocol to open the door for a sustainable

who need to be returned promptly. It is easier to

way of characterizing arrivals and redistribution.

convince electorates and governments to take

It is imperative that asylum-seekers find sanctuary

in asylum-seekers because the very word implies they did not ‘choose’ to leave their country, but are fleeing death. However, it ultimately implies that migrants are not worthy of solidarity.

in Europe, but the focus needs to shift onto the reasons behind the migration and culminate with a more inclusive understanding of migrants.

SOCIAL COMMENTARY

The Columnist Issue 3

7

Hoping for the Homeless

By Maddy Churchhouse

when walking past someone begging. However, avoidance certainly does not make the problem go

Sat outside our door, there is somebody different

away; rather, it makes it worse.

every day. It is a pretty good spot after all – a broad step sheltered by an alcove, next to a shop exit

Every time we ignore someone our brains begin

where people have spare change to hand. But the

to rationalise their inconsequence, and so, by

guys (and occasional girls) do not always make the

purposefully placing homeless men, women

£4 needed to stay in a night shelter. One man asks

and children beyond the boundaries of what we

for strong coffee. “I don’t want to fall sleep tonight”

perceive, we reduce them to invisibility.

he explains, eyes dull with apprehension and worse, resignation, at spending the next twelve hours

The homeless are conspicuous in their absence

isolated and vulnerable on the freezing Edinburgh

from our own engagement with the world

streets.

surrounding us, even as we walk inches past them. This robs them not only of dignity but, most

Listening to the stories of local rough sleepers makes

crucially, agency. Denied the ability to participate

you realise that for those without strong networks of

in or benefit from the social network which the

family and friends, the border between security and

majority of us rely on for our wellbeing, the isolation

homelessness is one all too easily tipped over. Yet to

of the homeless becomes mental and emotional, as

us, the homeless themselves can seem to exist on a

well as practical and physical.

different plane.

As students with potentially very little cash to hand, Marginalisation is most obvious when it happens

it is easy to think that there is nothing we can do,

directly, such as when private builders install

and it is arguably less embarrassing to pretend

homeless spikes, and councils shunt rough sleepers

you have not noticed someone than to refuse

out of city centres. However, it also occurs indirectly,

them help. However, making the effort to say good

as welfare cuts threaten the future of shelters

morning, to offer a hot drink, or to learn someone’s

and force growing numbers of families to drift

name, is very much within the capabilities of all of

between bed and breakfasts with no chance of

us. There is more than a little truth in the saying

securing permanent accommodation. But there is

‘fake it till you make it’; it is why making yourself

another, more pervasive obstacle that consistently

smile even on a bad day really does increase

marginalises the homeless, one that is both

happiness.

unthinking and largely unchallenged: that of our own perception.

Even if your interaction is just to shake your head and say no, sorry, not today, by responding to

It is a natural reaction to try to avoid or ignore

someone’s existence, you give them back the power

situations that make us feel guilty, and it is

to affect others through their actions. You have

difficult to escape the twinge of discomfort felt

acknowledged that they are a human being who is

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SOCIAL COMMENTARY

worthy of consideration, and you are creating one

towards being more inclusive, and more effectively

small thread in what could become a network, and

able to tackle the problem.

potentially provide somebody with lifeline.

Kindness alone is not going to get people off This is not the blanket assumption that ‘spread a

the streets. But since the consideration of others

little kindness’ here, and the fleeting comfort of a

provides the basis for all constructive humanitarian

coffee there, will spontaneously provide the triggers

action, it is a pretty fundamental place to start.

for rehabilitation. But it is a change in our behaviour towards the homeless which is needed to reduce

First printed in The Columnist issue two.

the stigmas and misconceptions surrounding the issue, and it is this change which will gear society

What is University For?

By Pablo Pérez Ruiz When I first came to Edinburgh, my expectations of

expectations, I wondered whether university could

university were mixed and my understanding of the

have a single purpose. Is University merely a ‘factory

institution limited. Talking with others about what

of the middle class’, as US activist Staughton Lynd

uni meant to us, the ‘I’m just here for the piece of

puts it? Overall, I got the feeling that most of us

paper’ was a recurring theme. Others argued that

came to uni without really knowing why, viewing

attending university was a matter of access, both

it as another step in the ‘predetermined path’ of

to people and resources. For others, it was simply

life: you are born, go to school, go to uni, get a job.

the path to academia. Seeing people’s differing

Uni is seen as a means, something we go through

SOCIAL COMMENTARY

The Columnist Issue 3

to rush down to London immediately afterwards

education is to be a mechanism for social change,

seeking the hottest internship.

the student must be seen as an active learner, a

9

producer of knowledge rather than a consumer After the divestment protests last May, I was struck

of information. Although this can be achieved to

by my limited understanding of how the University

some extent through student-run societies, back

actually works. Who was deciding where to invest?

in the classroom we are faced with the same old

Why weren’t we taught about the bureaucratic

structures of teaching and learning. If we want

machine that the university as an institution

university to be a place for questioning established

really is? The management and governance of the

assumptions and structures, its functioning

university seemed completely alien to me, and a

(management, pedagogy, and governance) must be

little research made me even more confused as I

fit for that purpose.

ended in a pdf on the General Council’s Mace. That students usually spend an average of four years

How should we imagine the University of the future

at University means they are often seen to have

then? My vision is clear: co-operative.

no long-term interests in the University, and are thus excluded from much of its decisions. This is closely related to the ‘student as consumer’ model of higher education, associated with high fees and an increasing marketization of the university. Productivism is the University’s modus operandi: economic growth, reputation, and the reproduction and integration of the labour market. Is that all University is for?

The ‘student as consumer’ model is not only reflected in the University’s management and governance but also in its pedagogy. We’re still stuck in the Freirean ‘banking model’ of education, in which the teacher is seen as a god and the student as an empty account to be filled by the ‘knowledgeable’. If

SOCIAL COMMENTARY

10 Look at the Edinburgh Student Housing Coop,

What a university is for and how it works are

the SHRUB, the Hearty Squirrel. They are all

closely linked. Although students have different

successful, alternative models of organisation.

expectations when they come to uni, promoting

They are at the same time sustainable, democratic,

social change should be the university’s main

accessible, and fair. Is their model unfit for the

priority. For this to happen, we need to rethink

massive institution that a University is? The people

the way we manage, govern, and teach at our

at the Social Science Centre in Lincoln don’t think

universities. Experimentation is necessary, and

so, and they’ve started a project based on the

the co-operative model has proven a feasible

concept of the Co-operative University. There are

alternative to mainstream models of organising.

precedents, such as Mondragon University in the

Universities have always been at the forefront of

Basque Country, which is a real alternative to the

innovation, being places to imagine the future

neoliberal university. The co-operative university

and criticise the present. A Co-operative education

would confront the issues of property and worker

would be an emancipatory education, focused

control, and would make us more aware of what

in developing agency among workers (students

the University is, how it works, and what its

or otherwise). For it to happen, a change in both

purpose should be. The change of governance and

expectation and beliefs is necessary, as some of the

management structures would also need a radical

practices are already out there and running and

pedagogical framework: the student would not be

functioning successfully.

a mere learner of skills, but also a contributor in the production of knowledge within the University.

Further reading: Joss Winn, Dan Cook, Stefan Collini, http://ww.ed.ac.uk/chaplaincy/events/

There are many ways in which the Co-operative University could come about, but the most interesting is that of dissolution. Dissolution would mean that the different components of the University would progressively turn into Co-ops, and the result would be the University as a ‘co-op of co-ops’. We have already started that process.

No more halls, but student housing co-ops. No more EUSA shops, but more food sharing. No more waste, but swapping and re-using with the SHRUB. Why couldn’t also the different school departments become workers’ coops? It would mean more committed staff, and an overall organisational character that put education at its centre by lowering transaction costs. If academics value solidarity and democracy, why don’t we put them into practice?

whats-uni-for.

CULTURE

Librotraficantes

By Natalia Baizán

The Columnist Issue 3

11

cited repeatedly by Jan Brewer (state governor) and her superintendents in defense of the initial event and the subsequent suspension and banning of Mexican American Studies in Arizona.

On January 10, 2013 in Tuscon, Arizona books were

In a state where 60% of the student population

taken out of the hands of students taking part in

identifies as Mexican-American, it is difficult to not

a state certified Mexican-American Studies (MAS)

see this as a deliberate attack on the state’s fastest

course while the class was in session. While it may

growing population and an attempt to erase its

seem to be an isolated if not extreme case, the

historical and cultural importance in the name of

varied and heated responses prove that this action

education, especially given that African-American

extends well past the classroom. Arizona’s 2010

studies and Asian-American studies (5.6% and 2.5%

bill ARS-15-112 states that no school course shall

of the student population respectively) remain

“... promote the overthrow of the United States

intact.

government, promote resentment toward a race or class of people, [be] designed primarily for pupils

Enter Librotraficantes - ‘Book smugglers’ in Spanish-

of a particular ethnic group, or advocate ethnic

a group led by Houston writer and advocate Tony

solidarity…” and it is this very law that has been

Diaz who since 2013 have been doing just that, smuggling banned ‘wetbooks’ back into Tuscon and beyond.

The image itself is a romantic one- a repurposed taco truck that amasses books and then delivers them every few months to ‘readeasies,’ small underground libraries Librotraficantes have helped create for the sole purpose of giving communities access to critical and controversial books.

12

CULTURE

Yet the issues themselves are much larger

Nevertheless, Librotraficantes continue to fight

than simply the striking of a few books from a

for MAS, having shifted to a less romantic and

school curriculum, and it is to those problems

more strategic position: the book van has been

that Librotraficantes has begun to speak:

retired and changed out for packets, reading

denying individuals the ability to read stories or

lists, and “MAS Toolkits” mailed out to educators

comprehend their own heritage in light of others is

or community organizers who wish to kickstart

not only unjust, but fundamentally opposed to the

or revive student’s interest in the subject, and the

purpose of public education.

focus has shifted to maintaining underground libraries rather than starting them. Now that the

What Arizona’s government misunderstands is that

dust has settled and the fate of MAS hangs in some

Mexican-American studies is not a course solely

sort of limbo, is when Librotraficantes and their

for Latino students. Yes, the majority of students

demand for direct action need the most support

that take that course will claim Mexican-American

from any and all who view education as a complex,

heritage, after all it’s one of the few courses that

multi-dimensional enterprise. The topics discussed

speaks directly to some facet of their experience,

in Mexican-American Studies are not Latino-only,

and yes, few students who are not Latino will opt

and to present such a course as unnecessarily

out. But that is more a reflection of the issues

‘radicalizing’ or ethnicity-specific is not only an

within America’s educational system that values

insult to those who dare to validate the Mexican-

one group’s contribution over another than an

American experience in the classroom, but indeed

issue with school boards that dare to teach a course

to the state and the nation as a whole.

inclusive of 60% of its population.

As time has gone on, the fight has gotten bogged down in the legal shuffle and bureaucratic mess that defines these sorts of events. Currently a group of students from the Unified School District, those same students who saw their MAS course suspended in 2013, are suing John Huppenthal, the state superintendent in charge of public education, for unlawful discrimination but they have yet to make any real inroads in reinstating MAS in Arizona.

Nevertheless, the Librotraficantes still have plenty on their hands and so have shifted strategies accordingly. Most recently Texas senators have attempted to pass multiple bills which delegitimize Mexican American studies by not accrediting those courses, once again ironic in a state that is 38% Latino. Perhaps the biggest obstacle facing Librotraficantes is complacency- these fights take years, and the newscycle as well as its readers are quick to forget.

CULTURE

The Columnist Issue 3

13

Streaming Ahead: Classical Music at a Crossroads

by Fiona Russell The past few years have seen the ascent of digital

signifcantly cheaper. The social element and the

music libraries, with the advent of the iPod and

ability to publicise what you listen to allows for

more recently, the increasing popularity of internet-

much wider audiences. Suddenly, traditionally elitist

based streaming services such as Spotify which

musical genres like classical or jazz are available to

allow people to browse, discover and share music of

all, as long as you have speakers and an internet

every genre on almost any electronic device.

connection.

However, Spotify has been subject to a great deal

There is however an element of truth to the idea

of controversy since its release in 2008, mainly due

that platforms such as Spotify are much better for

to the way it affects artists in terms of royalties paid

the listener than for the artist, especially where

out. Classical music particularly has been affected

classical music is concerned.

by it due to the large number of performers often required. And yet, when I polled fifty-odd students

Spotify only takes 30% of their earnings from

at some of Europe’s top conservatoires, the majority

subscriptions and advertising, which is the same

do use Spotify and acknowl-edge the part it plays in

amount iTunes takes from downloads. Since its

their interest in classical music.

foundation in 2008, the company boasts at having paid out over $1 billion in royalties, $500 million

Jeremy Wilson wrote in The Telegraph last year that

of which were in 2013 alone. But they received

“the loss of ownership cheapens our relationhip

considerable criticism earlier on this year for only

with recorded music.” To an extent, this is true:

paying out $0.007 per play of a song directly to

the nature of a one-click programme means that

record companies, and thence to the artists.

one is less likely to listen to full works, but instead to pick out highlights. A bit like reading a single

This is pretty abysmal, although it can be argued

monologue instead of watching the whole of

that this will increase significantly due to the fact

Hamlet, which is designed to be experienced as an

that the streaming market is likely to continue to

entity; similarly, the experience of a sports game

grow, allowing them to have a bigger budget for

isn’t as great if you only watch the winning goals.

royalties. Also, in a world where music piracy is a major issue, they at least ensure that artists are paid

But as young students, who travel and live off very

something.

tight budgets, it is far more practical to stream your music collection from the cloud. Not to mention

However, the royalties paid to classical music could be considered an even greater issue.

CULTURE

14 For example, imagine the Berlin Philharmonic

The debate surrounding the ethics of Spotify and

record a version of Wagner’s Ring Cycle, comprising

other streaming platforms, such as Soundcloud,

four operas which span approximately 18 hours,

Pandora and Google Play is therefore such a

played back-to-back. You need to account for the

grey area. While it encourages social sharing

immense cost of an orchestra of 100+ players,

and therefore increases listenership, it may

conductors, directors, singers, producers. If you

simultaneously be the demise of classical music

were recording this to sell as a CD, the box set

because of the financial instability with which it

would often cost ÂŁ100. This is a large sum, but it

presents its artists. That is unless these services

makes sense when you compare it to the cost of

rethink the way in which they help artists.

recording a short album on an acoustic guitar in a studio. Suddenly, earning 0.7 cents per play per

For readers interested in using Spotify to explore

movement seems ridiculous and performers are at

new and slightly lesser-known Classical music, I

a real loss.

have compiled a playlist entirely made up from suggestions from musicians and music-lovers alike, which can be found at http:// tinyurl.com/p7zy6na (Spotify account required).

First printed in The Columnist issue one.

15

Who we are At the University of Edinburgh there is certainly no lack

tomorrow -- can be tackled with equal precedence.

of originality. You see it in tutorial discussions, during extracurricular activities and (ironically) at the Big Cheese.

Contained in this edition of the magazine are an array

The problem that the editors of The Columnist saw was

of human experiences, ponderings and reactions to

that there was a very visible gap in our University’s sundry

a variety of topics. As all articles are the opinions of

student publications: there seemed to be no place for

individual Columnists, and not those of the magazine,

short opinion pieces on topics relating to current affairs,

there are things and subjects we naturally disagree upon.

social commentary and culture.

They are relevant expressions nonetheless. Questions are raised, some are answered. If you read this and feel

The brief is deliberately encompassing. More than

the need to shout at us, then good; that’s what we were

anything this is a general interest magazine -- one we

going for.

believe is generally interesting. In our opinion, the ideas, beliefs and grievances widely shared by students needed

We urge you to join us. Comment, rant, draw, write—

a fresh outlet to spark debate in a more sustainable,

whatever your talent is, share it with us.

constructive way.

Welcome to your magazine. Welcome to our magazine.

The Columnist aims to serve as a forum for these discussions, creating a stage upon which the real

Let’s make our voices heard.

discourse can be engaged with, where the most demanding topics of today -- more importantly, of

CHECK OUT OUR PREVIOUS ISSUES ONLINE: Issue 1

Issue 2

Staff: Editor-in-Chief

Pablo Pérez Ruiz

Deputy Editor

Ross Devlin

Current Affairs Editor

Mai Nghia

Social Commentary Editor Lucca Rolim Culture Editor

Natalia Baizán

Copy Editor

Shona Warwick

Events and Funding

María Pabolaza

Illustration

Vivian Uhlir

Graphic Design

Kael Oakley

GE T INVOLVED! CONTACT US AT: www.

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