The thrust to propel the aircraft forward comes from its propellers or jet engines. Steering is achieved by turning a nose wheel or tail wheel/rudder; the pilot controlling the direction travelled with their feet. The use of engine thrust near terminals is restricted due to the possibility of jet blast damage. Therefore, the aircrafts are pushed back from the buildings by a vehicle before they can start their own engines for taxiing.
Fig.8 aircraft phases of flight and emissions target to be reduced
3.2.2 Take-off Takeoff is the phase of flight in which an aircraft goes through a transition from moving along the ground (taxiing) to flying in the air, usually starting on a runway. Usually the engines are run at full power during takeoff. Following the taxi motion, the aircraft stops at the starting line of the runway. Before takeoff, the engines, particularly piston engines, are routinely run up at high power to check for engine-related problems. This makes a considerable noise. When the pilot releases the brakes, the aircraft starts accelerating rapidly until the necessary speed for take-off is achieved. The takeoff speed required varies with air density, aircraft weight, and aircraft configuration (flap and/or slat position, as applicable). Air density is affected by factors such as field elevation and air temperature.
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