Toulmin Model Essay

The Toulmin Model Of Argument

Stephen Toulmin, one of the most significant philosophers of our generation. Mr. Toulmin produced widespread analyses from morals, science, and ethical reasoning and established a different method for examining arguments, which is recognized as the Toulmin model of argumentation. Stephen Toulmin model of argumentation was not realized in Great Britain, but when he got to America those same ideas manifested to become the Toulmin model we know today. In the earlier stages of The Toulmin model it was used in debate manuals. The Toulmin model analyzes the strength and weaknesses of any argumentation. The Toulmin model has advanced into the rhetorical interpretation of literary texts. This tool is used for developing, examining, and classifying arguments. There are six parts of the model of argument from the claim, data, warrant, backing, modality, and rebuttal. The claim is the position or claim, which is argued for the deduction of the argument. For example a claim would be cars over 20 years old shouldn't be allowed on the road. The data are the foundation or basis for the claim, the support. An example of data would be older vehicles pollute the environment and are less safe than newer car models. The warrant is also mentioned as the bridge, it is a description of why or how the data supports the claim, the underlying assumptions that links the data to the claim. An example of warrant would be removing the older car models from the road, and would drastically improve the

Analysis Of Stephen Toulmin's Argument

The Stephen Toulmin was a British Philosopher who created a system of argumentation, called the Toulmin Model. The Toulmin Model breaks down an argument into six parts: claims (what I hope to prove), evidence (support), warrant (connection between "claims" and "evidence), backing (support for the warrant), rebuttal (potential objection to the claim), and qualifier (limits put on the claim). The first three parts are the most important. The Toulmin Model is an actual structure that can be used in anyargument, from academic essays to commercial advertisement. It can also be used to analyze irrational situations.

I found the Toulmin Model video and power point to be the most useful in terms of improving my writing. The examples were extremely

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Elements of the Toulmin Model

1. INTRODUCTION. In most cases audience do not critically examine arguments provided by public speakers. This has led to the consequence of audience being easily deceived through the speaker's emotional appeals, therefore "Toulmin Model" was introduced. The Toulmin Model is used to evaluate and analyze the arguments provided by the public speakers. Throughout the essay discussion will be based on the six elements of Toulmin model, identifying and describing three types of arguments. As well as outlining the twelve fallacies, identifying the argument's structure and fallacies that could be found in the article. Then in depth analyzing the persuasive arguments from the article. 2. THE ELEMENTS OF TOULMIN MODEL. According to Trenholm (2011:267) the Toulmin model has six elements which are claim, qualifier, data, warrant, backing and rebuttal. Claim is when the speaker persuade the audience (Trenholm, 2011:268), for example, your vote contributes to a better economy. The qualifier shows the power of the claim (Trenholm, 2011:268), using qualifier such as never. As a result people who have knowledge on what is said, turn to need evidence, which is known as data (Trenholm, 2011:268) and the speaker may use research results as proof. Furthermore the speaker uses warrant and warrant is the process of combining data and claim (Trenholm, 2011:268), for example, the economy's growth lies in the hands of citizens. However, some audiences need extra evidence, which is known as backing Get

The Toulmin Model of Argument

(adapted from: http://schoolnet.org.za/twt/09/M9_argumentation.pdf)

In his work on logic and argument, The Uses of Argument, Stephen Toulmin indicates three major, necessary parts of an argument, along with three additional, optional parts. The three major parts are the claim, the support, and the warrants.

Claim: This is the disputable assertion for which a speaker argues. The claim may be directly stated or the claim may be implied. You can find the claim by asking the question, "What is the author trying to prove?"

Support: These are the reasons given in support of the claim; they are also known as evidence, proof, data, arguments, or grounds. The support of a claim can come in the form of facts and...show more content...

Women are just as effective as men in combat.Affirmative action undermines individual achievement. Illegal immigrants are taking away jobs from Americans who need work.

2. Claims of definition. What is it? What is it like? How should it be classified? How can it be defined? How do we interpret it? Does its meaning shift in particular contexts?

Examples: Alcoholism is a disease, not a vice. We need to define the term family before we can talk about family values. Date rape is a violent crime. The death penalty constitutes "cruel and unusual punishment."

3. Claims of cause. How did this happen? What caused it? What led up to this? What are its effects? What will this produce?

Examples: The introduction of the computer into university writing classes has enhanced student writing ability. The popularity of the Internet has led to a rise in plagiarism amongst students. The economic boom of the 1990s was due in large part to the skillful leadership of the executive branch.

4. Claims of value. Is it good or bad? Beneficial or harmful? Moral or immoral? Who says so? What do these people value? What value system will be used to judge?

Examples: Doctor–assisted suicide is immoral. Violent computer games are detrimental to children's social development. Dancing is good, clean fun.

5. Claims of policy. What should we do? How are we to act? What policy should we take? What course of action should we take to solve this problem?

Examples: We should spend less on

The Toulmin Model is important because it methodically demonstrates how practical reasoning works. It allows one to think logically when it comes to arguments.

In other words, the Toulim Model shows how one's argument can be stablished and be proven. First there is a claim, what a person is trying to point out to be true. This can be seen as a fact or a rule one believes in. Next there is data or evidence to support the claim such as statistics or records. The last concept would be the warrant; it allows for one to see a connection between the claim and the data. As a conclusion the argument is perceived to be true.

To illustrate the ToulminModel, there is a situation where a girl and her friend are arguing about which one of them would buy

Toulmin's Argument Analysis

The Toulmin Model's primary purpose is to learn and analyze how people argue every day. Toulmin created this "theory of argumentation" because he wanted to help people to argue in a better way. I thought the article was very informative and easy to navigate. I found the flow of Toulmin's argument very similar to the Ladder of Abstraction. Toulmin uses data and facts in order to back up claims and further enhance the meaning of an argument. Much like Toulmin, the Ladder of Abstraction selects data in order to add meaning to the actions that you will eventually develop. Another thing I really liked about the article was how the article explains each of the segments of the article and how they relate to each other. The article addresses warrants

Have you used this style of argumentation before in your studies or career (either verbally or in past writing assignments/projects)? Will you use it in the future? Why or why not? How will you incorporate your instructor's feedback in your Toulmin essay, assigned this week? What improvements do you hope to make in the Toulminessay?

In my personal opinion , I believe that Toulmin argumentation is used in everyday activities. I just did not know that the style had a name. In my day to day activities, I find myself explain the claims, warranty, and even debate when trying to explain why policy are put in place for safety measures. That is a great amusing video, thanks for the encouragement learning. From the Critcial Evaluation feed back

In today's world, organizations is one of the most tangled terms as it has a very dynamic environment which keeps on changing bit by bit and takes no time to take an undetermined turn and the outcomes of the various situations in a business are pretty uncertain. The issue here is that does studying organizations really matter to me ? I would like to state some facts about my perception on it. It determines various influences and impacts not only on individuals, but also on certain kinds of organizational groups in order to work in an effective environment. Studying organizations has become important as it has become a very useful equipment for overseeing the various kinds of behaviour of human and interpreting it. Large firms and multi–national corporations are hiring experts from their fields for handling different departments of the company. The work is getting divided into smaller branches such as human resource, finance, marketing and so many more. Gradually the importance of organizations is increasing as so many people are getting involved in it day by day in its creative world. Here I am going to discuss the value of studying organizations on the basis of the Toulmin model made by Stephen Toulmin, A British philosopher. In this model, "Toulmin emphasized a number of points that are by now similar, but still deserves adequate attention"...show more content... Organizations impact on the people is changing the world with a very fast pace and it is making people like it and take part in it and most importantly, be a part of it. As said in the first paragraph, the importance of Organizations cannot be neglected as it helps us in

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Imagine a world that is so bleak and interconnected by not a voice, but a device in your hand. A world where people ignore the small affairs of life; a world where people just look down at a screen in their hand. This world can happen, it might be happening now, how would anyone know? In the year 2000, the author named Jonathan Coleman made an article in Newsweek called "Is Technology Making Us Intimate Strangers "it was about Jonathan Coleman's thoughts on technology. This article uses a writing technique called the Toulmin Model of argument. The Toulmin Model is a seven–part writing technique that writers', when writing an argument paper use to explain their claim to a reading audience. The seven parts of the Toulmin model are claim, stated...show more content...

At first, he uses the first part of the Toulmin Model "Claim". What is a claim? A claim is the position being argued for the conclusion of the argument and whose truth is justified. It is basically the main idea of the paper. The claim of the article as written in the article" Technology, for the most part, creates the illusion of intimacy. As marvelous as it can be, it also foils us. It keeps us from the best of ourselves and enables us to avoid others. It makes us into intimate strangers" (284) Coleman writes about how technology does not connect with him and wonders how people can live life not seeing the precious affairs of life like him. He writes" Frankly, I worry about the freedom we give up, the time to think and reflect, the time to consider where we've been in order to see where we are or want to be going . . . Self–reflection is far different and far more difficult than self–absorption, but the pain that self–absorption can inflict on others is acute." (483) This is his "Warrant" of the Toulman Model. What is a Warrant? To not confuse this is not a document issued by a legal official authorizing the police to make an arrest, search premises. It is an unstated statement in an argument that everything that connects the grounds and reasons for the Get more content

The Toulmin Argument

The Toulmin argument is more of an aggressive approach of proving a statement wrong and the Rogerian argument is a passive approach that will state the facts and allow the both sides to be heard. I usually agree with the Rogerian approach, but in this case I would have to use the Toulmin method to argue against this statement. This idea and argument needs to be refuted and proved wrong. This argument is continually hurting young people and causing them to believe that this is an achievable standard that must be attained. I would argue the point that it is unhealthy, unnatural, and physically unachievable. I would use the Toulmin approach to refute any claim that was made with evidence and insure that my argument proved the statement incorrect.

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Toulmin's Argument Model

Stephen Toulmin was a twentieth–century British philosopher who noticed that good, realistic arguments typically will consist of six parts. The six parts that Toulmin outline in is model are: claim, data, warrant, backing, qualifier and rebuttal. According to Toulmin (1969), a claim is a statement that you are asking the other person to accept. In other words, a claim is the statement being argued (Rottenberg & Winchell, 2012). Toulmin (1969) defined data as the foundation of real persuasion and is made up of hard facts and highlight the reasoning behind the claim. The data according to Toulmin is the "truth" on which the claim is based. The data (grounds) of an argument may include proof of expertise and the basic...show more content...

In contrast to Aristotle syllogism, Toulmin's model is more effective in make a controversial or debatable claim (what you want your readers to accept). Toulmin argument also takes into account the hitches in life where individuals have to qualify their thoughts with words such as sometimes, often, presumably, unless, and almost. Comparing Aristotle's formal syllogism, Toulmin's model highlights thatlogic is often based on 'probability' rather than certainty and focuses on claims. It is also an effective instrument for writers; since writers can use Toulmin's model to check the logic of our own arguments. Toulmin model is also a more effective instrument for writers because it is very useful in reaching the how and why levels of the argument; since it allows writers to disintegrate an argument into its different parts (such as claim, data, and warrants) so that they can critically evaluate on how well the different parts work together. As a result, writers will be equip with the necessary skills in understanding and reacting to various conditions in order to support claim where it is weak, but also to understand the reasonable objections of people who see the world differently (Wood,

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The part of an argument have six point according to Toulmin model. The six point are the claim, support, backing, warrant, qualifier and rebuttal. The claim is what the writer is trying to say, basically the thesis statement. The support is the claim or evidence. The backing is like building a connection to the reader' opinion. The rebuttal create what is wrong about the argument and represent the different point of view. Lastly the qualifier are word used in the argument like always, never, might, all, never change to sometimes and etc.

I found the media most helpful by showing example how the six point link to each other. Like evidence connect to warrant while warrant need backing help. Then it leads to claim but you need rebuttal and qualifier

I dont have any concerns on the readings, my question on the other hand is, Since most of our work is on D2L I was just curious on if we were going to do all of the group activities and questions in our Exploring Visions In Compostion & Rhetoric book.

I am interested in reading all of the readings, the one the interest me the most would have to be The Essential Parts of an Argument: The Toulem Model. Mainly because I find studing thepsychology of yourself or a few people more interesting then bigger groups of human activities.

The Telivision show The Newstand has a perfect argument, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bMwF_Si7T4I, I feel would go great with The Essential Parts of an Argument: The Toulem Model. It has the facts, opinions,

The Family of a Different Feather

Toulmin's Model Analysis

VFlores

July 6th, 2014

The Family of a Different Feather: Analysis The article "The Family of a Different Feather", written by Sarah Yoest Pederson, touches deeply on the issue of same–gender parents and how to explain it to a curious, yet ignorant, child using a well written children's book. Pederson proposes that children are mostly "egocentric", unable to grasp the emotional simplicities between two parents of the same gender. Pederson goes on to explain that it is unfortunate our society has deemed a children's book as "most challenged and inappropriate material for its age group" only based on the taboo of same–sex parenting. Although the same–sex issue is not...show more content...

Repression normally leads to a misguided education. Over time, prejudice and bigotry develops, which is extremely difficult to unlearn. Works Cited

Wood, N. (2012). Perspectives on argument (7th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education. ISBN10:1–256–50923–X. p. Get

The Toulmin Model: Inferential

I. INTRODUCTION:

Have images of mass usage of social media and how it has benefited from it

Explain how often social media is used everyday by the audience, how relatable it is deliver firm/explicit claim: No matter age, social media has taken a full swing on everyday life for the better. The vast majority of society can agree upon the positive outcomes of social media: ways of improved communication, whether it be through marketing skills that help advertise a company, health connections that help create contact between patient and doctor, or simply building relationships through the internet. All over the world, people are able to learn faster and exceed standards through education on the internet, and not...show more content...

Throughout life, people are told that these qualities are wrong and it has been implemented in our minds to react negatively towards it. But in reality, the society we have grown up has caused many of us to presume something that is common in life to seem unacceptable.

Internet Privacy

Rebuttal: The leakage of all personal information – including address, passwords, credit cards, etc. – is feared by many who have invested their time on the internet. New technologies are making it easier for governments and corporations to learn the minutiae of our online activities. Corporations collect our information to sell to the highest bidder while an expanding surveillance apparatus and outdated privacy laws allow the government to monitor us like never before.

Refutation: Convenience. A lot of the time, companies and websites profile consumers are able to gear specific content such as advertisements and news articles to target the individual's interest. How are going to remember to buy that velvet jacket you were just looking at a minute ago on Urban Outfitters? Targeted content reduces the clutter of unwanted ads and irrelevant news stories. This can be beneficial to consumers by helping them discover new products, events, articles and much more similar to their

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Toulmin Model

Toulmin Model

Claim: Adult stem cell research and technology should be funded.

Qualifier: Stem cells are the body's master cells, responsible for the growth, maintenance and repair of our tissues and organs. Grounds. Saves Lives, Cure Diseases, Regrow body parts.

Ground Save lives

Bone marrow transplants save a lot lives every year, a suitable donor is regrettably not always available. Since organs are routinely harvested from cadaveric organ donors, Scientists decided to assess such a possibility for bone marrow. They analyzed the functional properties and the phenotypic markers of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPC) from cadaveric bone marrow. Fresh bone marrow was capable of growing and developing in cell suspension for 2...show more content...

Invertebrates (animals without a spinal cord) such as the flatworm or planarian can regenerate both the head from a tail piece, and the tail from a head piece. Among vertebrates (animals with a spinal cord), fish can regenerate parts of the brain, eye, kidney, heart and fins. Frogs can regenerate the limb, tail, brain and eye tissue as tadpoles but not as adults. And salamanders can regenerate the limb, heart, tail, brain, eye tissues, kidney, brain and spinal cord throughout life.

The stem cells that regenerate a frog tail and a salamander limb have very different properties of stem cells. In these animals, each tissue – such as muscle, nerve, or skin – has its own set of stem cells that just make the different types of cells in that particular tissue. In other words, a muscle stem cell cannot make skin and skin stem cells can't make muscle. These multipotent tissue–specific stem cells are probably very similar to the stem cells in our own bodies that renew or repair tissues such as our skin or muscle. How do these regenerative animals regrow such complex structures? The answer may be closer than we

Social Media: The Downfall Nisha Abraham Sullivan University ENG 204: Advanced Writing July 11, 2013 Abstract Social Media is affecting our society in a negative way. From being the number one cause of divorce, ruining people's careers, and being a haven for teen suicides, many misfortunes arise due to social media. People may not notice its damaging side effects yet it is slowly but surely proving detrimental to all involved in the game. By taking a step back and maintaining self–control, any human being immersed in the frenzy of social media can enjoy its perks without getting caught up in the whirlwind of unfortunate events.

Keywords: social media, internet, cyber, cyber bullying, suicide, divorce, Facebook, MySpace, Twitter,...show more content...

Private information that was previously segregated now becomes easily accessible to employers, colleagues, recruiters, and clients, among other perhaps unintended audiences" (Abril, 2012, para. 4). Yes, most social media sites attain privacy settings but one must always remember there are hiccups in everything on the internet and no guarantees leaks will not occur. As much as social media has managed to ruin our society, it plays a positive role for the public as well. Social media allowed people to use their networks as a form of reaching out to old friends and family across the world. With America being known as the melting pot of the world, our society has several people with family on the other side of the Earth. With social media in effect, this permits people to stay in touch with long lost loved ones and keep ties tight. Not only has it sanctioned friends and family to keep in touches but has granted people to relocate birth parents and unknown family members as well. Yes, social media has failed our society greatly but there is always a rainbow somewhere after a rainy day. Social media can play a positive role by bringing people back together. Even though the world may seem small, we have a larger community than most can see with their eyes. The internet blinds people from the dark abyss of deceit, lies, and secrets but it is gradually

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Toulmin Argumentation Model

Sample essay OUTLINE Using Toulmin Argumentation Model: TITLE: 1. INTRODUCTION & CLAIM: Money does not make people happy. 2. GROUNDS: Money can powerfully influence our thoughts and actions in ways that we're often not aware of. Having lots of money tends to bring less–satisfaction in simple pleasurable things in life. Money or no money, insecurities and judgment upon oneself will still remain the same. 3. WARRANTS: If someone managed to be so cash spurred to the point where it is all they consider, connections with loved ones will never again be essential, subsequently, leaving that individual desolate. No one is equal in terms of living. Yes, the rich may endure obstacles less than the average and poor, nevertheless, how will simple things in life be enjoyed such as a basic back message if an outing to the spa is a week by...show more content...

The wealthiest parents might feel like they lack parenting skills, or the wealthiest man or woman may feel like they're still ugly externally. 4. BACKING: Studies have demonstrated that riches may be inconsistent with sympathy and compassion. Exploration distributed in the journal Psychological Science found that individuals of lower monetary status were better at understanding others than wealthier individuals A study conducted at the University of LiГЁge in Belgium showed that the wealthier the workers were, the less likely they were to display a strong capacity to savor positive experiences in their lives. Furthermore, simply showing a picture of money dampened the participants savoring ability. Research suggests that materialistic values are fueled by insecurity. A report distributed in the journal of Psychology and Marketing found that the individuals who chronically question themselves and their own particular self–esteem have a tendency to be more Get more content

Argument According to Chaffee (2004) argument can be a way of thinking in which certain premises or reasons are offered in support of what is being said or concluded. Regarding disagreements, this word refers to a strong or angry dispute when discussing something. In general, most people can presage a dispute. At the workplace, the best ways to confront disputes is by being prepared for them, or simply avoiding them. Of these two, the best way is avoiding them, but temporarily. Usually, parties involved in disputes only present their perspective. Emotions of anger and/or frustration might obstruct sound reasoning and valid perspectives from the other parties. As mentioned before, conflict will arise at the workplace; but that does not...show more content...

Analyzing conflict Analyzing the elements of a conflict is not an easy task, especially when emotions are running high. Emotions usually hinder objectivity and can divert the real cause of the conflict, (Collins, 2009; Janasz, et al, 2009). Conflicts can be analyzed in a more neutral way when they are broken down and evaluated in depth; the Toulmin's model ofargument is an effective tactic to accomplish this. This model consists of several parts: claim, evidence, warrant, qualifier, and rebuttal. The claim is the assertion hoped to prove. The evidence would support the rationale of the claim. Warrants are the connections or assumption between the claim and the evidence. Backing refers to the elements that support the warrant. Qualifiers set the limits on the claim. And rebuttals are potential objections to the claim. Research studies show that providing resounding arguments consisting of claim plus data, or claim plus data and backing, help to rise the confidence of people 's beliefs, (Kim & Benbasat, 2006). Among the drawbacks of this type of analysis it can be mentioned that it takes time to elaborate it. In addition, as is a person that is doing it, objectivity may not be the most accurate. Still, the advantage of this analysis involves pondering in depth the problem from several viewpoints.

Working through conflict There are a number of methods to manage conflict in the workplace: avoiding, Get more content

Toulmin Model Of Argument

This week, I learned that the Toulmin model is a very good model of argument because it is made of grounds, warrants, and backing, as well as rebuttals. Having these characteristics in an argument makes it very sound and convincing. Including the grounds in your argument allows the reader to understand why you are arguing something. This also makes a connection to the author, and in turn makes theargument more meaningful. The warrants allow the author to make a connection between the grounds and the claim. Connecting why you are arguing something with you initial claim, what you are arguing, gives the claim more strength. Warrants also give the author the chance to provide evidence (logos) to strengthen their argument. Backing provides an

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