Fall 2007 by Coastal Conservation League

Coastal

Fall 2007

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Volume 18 No.3

Conservation League Brian Barrie & Dana Beach

Special Report: The Environmental Connection to Public Health Protection

Charleston earns an "F" in air quality

Is Our Air Safe to Breathe?

Diesel Danger Zone

Coal Mountain

Communities Speak Out

What You Can Do

From the Director

A Failure of Oversight

ver the past two decades, the S.C. Department of Health and Environmental Control (DHEC) has periodically been accused of failing to protect public health. Witness the latest controversy about the Barnwell low level nuclear waste dump. This newsletter reveals that concerns about DHEC’s performance in the public health arena are well justified, from a lack of basic data on pollution to inadequate enforcement of regulations. Although DHEC is occasionally accused of colluding with industry, I believe the problem is simpler and less subversive. DHEC is confused. It is confused about its mission and whom it is serving. It is confused about why it exists. Some of this is understandable. DHEC’s statutory mission is “to maintain reasonable standards of purity of the air and water resources of the State, consistent with the public health, safety and welfare of its citizens, maximum employment, the industrial development of the State, the propagation and protection of terrestrial and marine flora and fauna, and the protection of physical property and other resources.” The ambiguity and apparent conflict here are unnecessary. Businesses operate to make a profit and, collectively, advance the economy and maximize employment. DHEC was created to correct the deficiencies of unbridled commerce, to minimize and “internalize” external costs like air and water pollution, to protect public interests that can get lost in the shuffle of capitalism. An agency that focused like a laser beam on this purpose would avoid the pitfalls of trying to be simultaneously a public health advocate and a chamber of commerce. Consider that every watershed in the state is contaminated with levels of mercury that make fish unsafe to eat. This information is available on DHEC’s Web site. It is not, however, posted at all affected boat landings where a warning actually might be read. It is doubtful that any fisherman or woman on the Pee Dee has ever gone to DHEC’s

Web site and certainly true that most lowerincome families in these rural areas lack internet access. So the purpose of a health agency should be to inform citizens of real public health risks like mercury. But more importantly, it would be to proclaim that it is not acceptable for South Carolina to have one of the worst mercury contamination problems in America, and to work to change that unwanted distinction. Instead, in October, DHEC issued a draft air permit to Santee Cooper for a mammoth coal burning power plant on the Great Pee

Fall 2007

Dee River. Coal plants are the primary source of mercury in our waters and this one will worsen the mercury problem in the state. The mercury debacle is only one obvious breach of responsibility that emerges from institutional confusion. Another example is the problem of air pollution from the Port of Charleston. As this newsletter reveals, neighborhoods near the Wando terminal in Mt. Pleasant have not had their air quality tested for the past half of a decade. The same is true for the neighborhoods on the Charleston “Neck,” whose air quality is affected by the three terminals on the Charleston peninsula. So in spite of abundant evidence of the harmful effects of diesel pollution, the agency charged with protecting public health cannot even tell the families in these high risk areas what their exposure is. DHEC must be reformed by removing the ambiguity surrounding its mission. This is far more than a simple change of statutory language. It will take leadership at the agency and support from the Legislature and the public. We hope this newsletter’s focus on the problem, along with our members’ continued advocacy on the port and the power plant, will help propel this important cause forward. -Dana Beach

c oa s ta l c o n s e rvat i o n l e ag u e

No.3

Staff _____________________

Director

Dana Beach

Regional Offices______ ________________ South Coast

Patrick Moore Reed Armstrong Andrea Malloy Nancy Cave Amy Weinmeister Columbia Christie McGregor Patty Pierce Heather Spires North Coast

DHEC must be reformed by removing the ambiguity surrounding its mission. This is far more than a simple change of statutory language. It will take leadership at the agency and support from the Legislature and the public.

Vol.18

________Programs ______________

Director of Conservation Programs Program Directors

Project Managers Project Associate Communications/Web Site Grassroots Coordinator Newsletter Editor

Elizabeth Hagood Megan Desrosiers Jane Lareau Nancy Vinson Ben Moore Hamilton Davis Lisa Jones-Turansky Jim Cumberland Art von Lehe Alex Webel Brian Barrie Gretta Kruesi Virginia Beach

_______Development _______________

Director Membership Development Associate

Tish Lynn Nancy Cregg Alison Whetstone

Administration_______ ______________

HR and Admin. Director of Finance Data Manager Technology Administrator Administrative Assistant

Tonnia Switzer Ashley Waters Nora Kravec Robert Malone Angela Chvarak

Board of Directors

Will Cleveland, Chair

Bill Agnew Robert E. Coffee, Jr. Dorothea Benton Frank Laura Gates Vince Graham Richard T. Hale Angela Halfacre Hank Holliday Holly Hook George Johnston Mary Kennemur

Fred Lincoln Cartter Lupton Robert Prioleau Sarah Rauch Roy Richards Gillian Roy Jeffrey Schutz Libby Smith Victoria C. Verity Trenholm Walker

Advisors and Committee Members Carol Ervin Paul Kimball Hugh Lane Jay Mills

P.O. Box 1765 ■ Charleston, SC 29402 Phone: (843) 723-8035 ■ FAX: (843) 723-8308 E-Mail: info@scccl.org Web site: www.CoastalConservationLeague.org P.O. Box 1861 ■ Beaufort, SC 29901 Phone: (843) 522-1800 935 Main Street, No. 1 ■ Columbia, SC 29201 Phone: (803) 771-7102 P.O. Box 603 ■ Georgetown, SC 29442 Phone: (843) 545-0403 All contents herein are copyright of the Coastal Conservation League. Reprinting is strictly prohibited without written consent. Design by Julie Frye Design. Cover image: Brian Barrie & Dana Beach

The Environmental Connection to Public Health Protection

White sandy beaches, meandering creeks and marshes, live oak and pine forests, enduring communities, blue skies and lots of sunshine are some of the things we love about living along the South Carolina coast. These elements have come to characterize the “good life” that can be found here in the Lowcountry. For generations, newcomers have flocked to this part of the world to escape the hustle-bustle, the noise and grime of the more industrialized Northeast and Midwest. Likewise, many longtime residents have seen no reason to leave, preferring the “clean living” of our less urban, more rural environment. The clean living that we all seek has been, and will continue to be, dependent on the health of our surrounding environment – the cleanliness of the air we breathe, the purity of the water we drink and fish and swim in, and whether or not we build our communities to foster healthy habits and lifestyles. This relationship between public health and the health of the environment is well documented and has enormous consequences for the welfare of our citizens, our communities and our economy. “When we improve the health of an environment,” says Dr. Julie Gerberding of the Center for

Disease Control, “whether that environment is a community or a workplace, we improve the health of the people who live or work in that environment. Many times, we can greatly improve people’s health and well-being by making changes in the immediate environment.” As our state’s population continues to increase and as the demands for infrastructure continue to tax the natural resources upon which our health depends, it is imperative to ask the following questions: • • • •

How healthy are we in South Carolina? How clean is the environment upon which we depend? What is the connection between the health and well-being of the citizens of South Carolina and our surrounding environment? How best can we maintain the health of both?

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In this special report, The Environmental Connection to Public Health Protection, we examine such topics as the rising rates of asthma, lung cancer, obesity and other chronic diseases in South Carolina, the issue of uncontrolled port pollution, the dangers of coal fired power plants, the links between urban sprawl and obesity, and most importantly, what we can do to ensure a healthy South Carolina now and in the future.

Nancy Vinson

Special Report

Healthy or Not?

Human Health and the Environment in South Carolina How Healthy are We? Across the United States, chronic diseases such as cancer, heart disease, diabetes and asthma, account for more than 75 cents of every health care dollar spent in the United States. In South Carolina, more than 1.5 million people (nearly onethird of the population) suffer from such diseases, adding up to a combined cost of almost $11 billion. Here are a few statistics on the Palmetto State: • We have the nation’s fifth highest adult obesity rate and sixth highest child obesity rate. • Heart disease is the leading cause of death overall. • Lung cancer is the number one cancer killer of women. • Cancer rates along the South Carolina coast are significantly higher than in the rest of the state and the nation. • Asthma and bronchitis are the leading causes of hospitalizations for children under 18.

How Clean Is Our Air?

Julie Frye

While heredity, lifestyle and personal habits determine a lot about a person’s health, more and more research reveals that human health is also determined by one’s surrounding environment.

Families want assurance that Charleston’s air is safe to breathe.

Consider the following facts about air pollution in South Carolina: • The Port of Charleston is the largest unregulated source of air pollution in the state. • According to the Clean Air Task Force, as of 1999, Charleston ranked among the worst 10% of U.S. cities for diesel soot pollution. • In 2007, Charleston County received an “F” from the American Lung Association for the amount of hazardous particle pollution in its air.

For every $1 spent on cleaning up port pollution, we save $30 in health care costs.

What do these statistics have in common? Diesel exhaust – whether emanating from traffic congestion on our roads, or from the vehicles, trucks, ships and equipment associated with our ports. Compounds in diesel emissions have been linked in thousands of medical studies to cancer, heart disease, asthma, and other respiratory diseases. Among the toxic compounds found in diesel exhaust is particulate matter, which is found in emissions from coal fired power plants. According to the American Lung Association, these tiny particles are harmful to the maintenance of lung health. Less than 2.5 microns in diameter, the particles are so small (a human hair is about 70 microns in diameter) that they are inhaled deeply into the lungs where they are rapidly absorbed into the bloodstream, as easily as oxygen molecules, and carried to the vital organs. The health risk from diesel exposure is greatest for children and the elderly; for people who have respiratory problems or who smoke; for people who regularly strenuously exercise in diesel-polluted areas, and for people who work or live near diesel exhaust sources. Studies have also shown that the closer a child lives to major roads, the higher the rate of hospital admissions for asthma and the higher the rate of occurrence for leukemia and cancer. In fact, there is a positive relationship between school proximity to highways and asthma rates.

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Healthy or Not? All Cancer Sites Incidence Rates by County In its annual State of the Air report for 2007, the American Lung Association gave Charleston County a failing grade of “F” for the amount of particle pollution in its air. The level of particulate matter in the air around Charleston currently exceeds the levels attributable to most chronic health conditions. If the proposed expansion of the Port of Charleston is built, toxic particle pollution in the region will increase even more.

South Carolina, 1996-2001

How Clean Is Our Water?

What do these statistics have in common? Coal fired power plant emissions – the number one source of mercury fallout in South Carolina. Mercury is contaminating our soils and waters to such a degree that the Palmetto State has some of the highest levels of mercury in the country. A potent neurotoxin, mercury can cause mental retardation and impaired vision in children, and kidney damage in adults. Mercury is released when coal is burned. Once in the air, it falls to the ground with rain, causing contamination of the soil and water. Fish readily absorb mercury and become unsafe to consume.

A Compelling Connection The above are just a few facts and figures on the health of our citizens and the environment. Much more data is needed in South Carolina, not only to monitor the rate of chronic disease among residents, but also to monitor some of the state’s largest polluters – such as the State Ports Authority and our 13 coal fired power plants. Other areas of the country have conducted extensive research that links poor condition of the environment with poor human health. The results are compelling: • Air quality monitoring at the Port of Los

Diesel Health Risk Clean Air Task Force

Four more facts about the Palmetto State: • One-third of South Carolina’s rivers are unfit for recreational use. • Every major river basin in the South Carolina Lowcountry is tainted by the neurotoxin mercury. • On the Edisto River, for example, DHEC has placed limitations on consumption of all but one species of fish, due to high levels of mercury contamination. • Ten percent of women of childbearing age in South Carolina have enough mercury in their bloodstream to put their children at risk for adverse health effects.

Cancer rates and health risks from diesel pollution are high along the coast of South Carolina.

Angeles and Long Beach reveals that the port complex is the largest, single air polluter in the State of California. At the same time, neighbors of the port are 10 times more likely to have cancer than residents living 20 miles away. • Millsboro is the home of Delaware’s largest polluter – the Indian River coal fired power plant. Millsboro is also home to a cancer cluster. The rate of cancer cases there is 17% higher than the national average, with the highest incidence being that of lung cancer. • A recent study published in the American Journal of Health Promotion found that people living in sprawling, auto-dependent developments tend toward higher obesity levels and are more likely to suffer from high blood pressure. As South Carolina continues to grow – with a new coal fired power plant and a port expansion currently under consideration, coupled with growing transportation, energy and infrastructure needs – it behooves us to carefully consider the environmental connection to public health protection.

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Hazard Zones

DANGEROUS To Your Health

Frank Heindel

Port Operations in Charleston Mobile Smokestacks – Unregulated and Toxic “Mobile smokestacks” is the term given to the approximately 1,956 vessels that call on the Port of Charleston’s four terminals each year. If a proposed new terminal is built at the old navy base, Charleston’s total container volume will equal about one-third of the container volume handled by the largest port operation in the nation – the Port of Los Angeles and Long Beach. Such an expansion could also cause the Charleston region to exceed federal clean air standards for fine particulate pollution. Despite each ship releasing somewhere between 500 and 1,000 pounds of hazardous pollutants into the air during an average 14-hour stay in Charleston Harbor, these emissions remain unregulated by the S.C. Department of Health and Environmental Control (DHEC) and its parent agency, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Why? Because ships move around and don’t stay still. Making matters worse is the fact that most of the ships burn what is called “bunker fuel,” a fuel so dirty and unrefined that it resembles black tar.

Wando Air Not Monitored –The Wando terminal handles

more ships per year than the other three Port of Charleston terminals combined, yet neither DHEC nor SPA is currently monitoring the air near this major pollution source.

The Worst is Unseen As these ships pass by the Towns of Sullivan’s Island, Folly Beach, Mount Pleasant, Charleston and North Charleston (with engines running for long hours even while berthed), they spew out dangerous diesel fumes laden with toxic particulate matter so fine it cannot be seen and so fine it passes straight through the lungs’ natural filters into the bloodstream (see article on pages 4 & 5). The primary sources of this particle pollution are coal fired power plants and diesel engines – especially those that power the ships and trucks that move cargo in and out of port facilities. On September 5th, the national environmental group, Friends of the Earth, sued the federal government and EPA for failing to meet its deadline for setting emissions standards for ship engines that spew exhaust into communities surrounding major ports. The suit contends that EPA is required to regulate ship pollution under the federal Clean Air Act. In response to a previous lawsuit by environmentalists, the agency had committed in 2003 to set emissions standards by April of this year, but no new regulations have been issued.

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Expansion – at What Cost? Despite the irrefutable medical data confirming the dangers of diesel port pollution, South Carolina’s State Ports Authority (SPA) is moving ahead with a proposal to construct a new 3-berth container terminal on the old Charleston Navy Base, coupled with an access road and off-ramp through the Charleston Neck community of Rosemont to link the facility to Interstate 26. The proposed new terminal is expected to double the cargo volume coming through Charleston and will likely cause this region to exceed federal clean air standards for fine particulate pollution. The proposal also violates state water quality standards for dissolved oxygen in the Cooper River and will cause catastrophic congestion along I-26 when the new facility opens in 2012. Nevertheless, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (ACOE) and DHEC have issued permits approving the port expansion and access road.

Alison Whetstone

Hazard Zones

Beyond the Terminal Gates

Dangers

Particle Pollution

According to Dr. Richard Hernandez, President of the Coastal Board of the American Lung Association Southeast Region: “Short-term exposure to particle pollution [as generated by the burning of diesel fuel and coal] has been linked to death from respiratory and cardiovascular causes, increased emergency room visits, hospitalizations for asthma, and inflammation of lung tissue in young, healthy adults. Year-round exposure has been linked to slowed lung function growth in children and teenagers, significant damage to the small airways of the lungs, increased risk of dying from lung cancer and increased risk of death from cardiovascular disease.”

Coal on the Edisto

S.C.E.& G. operates a coal fired power plant near Givhans, on the banks of the Edisto River – the longest undammed blackwater river in the world and source of much of Charleston’s drinking water.

Virginia Beach

“This is the worst Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) I’ve ever seen,” states Conservation League Program Director Nancy Vinson. “To begin with, the SPA study significantly reduces the pollution and traffic impacts by underestimating the volume of containers the new port will handle. The study also underestimates air pollution across the board by simply ignoring massive amounts of air pollutants generated by trucks, ships and trains.” While SPA has announced “a completely voluntary program with DHEC to minimize air impacts from new and existing terminals,” it fails to address the most significant pollutants: ship emissions and truck emissions. The new port is projected to generate more than 10,800 vehicle trips per day (70% diesel trucks). “Once they drive off site, diesel container truck emissions are not included in SPA’s air quality models,” says Vinson. “Neither is most of the pollution emanating from ships while in the shipping channel.” It is hazardous to health to pretend that diesel emissions and their airborne particulates somehow stop at the terminal gates. The Conservation League, represented by the Southern Environmental Law Center, is challenging the port expansion permits before the Administrative Law Court.

Diesel is Dangerous to the Lungs

Diesel exhaust from ships and trucks contains toxic particulate matter so fine it passes straight through the lungs’ natural filters directly into the bloodstream.

Hazard Zones

Coal Fired Power Plants

Mountain

Power companies have been building coal fired plants for the last 100 years. The century-old technology takes crushed coal (a non-renewable fossil fuel) and ignites it to heat water, which produces steam that turns a turbine that produces electricity. While such technology has produced relatively cheap electricity all these years, its most toxic byproducts – oxides of sulfur and nitrogen, particulate matter, and mercury – have been steadily warming the earth, polluting our air, and poisoning our rivers and lakes. The carbon dioxide (CO2) released from the burning of coal is proven to be one of the chief causes of global warming in the U.S. and the world. According to the Southern Alliance for Clean Energy, South Carolina’s power plants alone emit nearly 40 million tons of carbon dioxide annually, ranking our state 23rd in the nation for carbon dioxide pollution. In addition, the burning of coal is one of the primary sources of fine particulate matter released into the atmosphere, as is the burning of diesel fuel (see article on pages 4 & 5). As discussed earlier, studies show that the absorption of particulate matter into the lungs has been linked to cancer, heart disease, asthma and other respiratory illnesses.

Mercury Fallout Moreover, smokestacks of coal fired power plants are the number one source of mercury in South Carolina’s soils and waters. Large amounts of mercury (a heavy metal) become airborne when coal is burned as fuel. Once in the air, mercury falls to the ground with rain and snow, causing contamination of the soil and water. Fish readily absorb mercury and become unsafe to consume. The Palmetto State now has some of the highest levels of mercury in the U.S., with mercury-tainted fish showing up in every one of our major river basins. This potent neurotoxin can cause mental retardation and impaired vision in children, and kidney damage in adults. As a result, fish consumption limits are in effect for the state’s entire coast, all major rivers below the fall line, and our major lakes, including Marion, Moultrie, Russell and Jocassee.

Coal Along

the

Cooper River

Coal transport giant Kinder Morgan offloads 2.5 million tons of coal every year at its Milford Street terminal south of the Port of Charleston’s proposed expansion site and not far from the community of Rosemont. Recently DHEC hosted a public hearing on an air permit application submitted by Kinder Morgan to quadruple the size of its facility, allowing it to bring in 10 million tons of foreign coal every year, bound for dirty coal burning plants in South Carolina and beyond. If built, it will be one of the largest terminals of its kind on the East Coast and result in a mountain of coal on the banks of the Cooper River rising 80 feet high and weighing 600,000 tons. The coal is loaded onto uncovered trains that run straight through North Charleston streets, spreading fine coal dust. Neighbors worry about impacts to air quality and water quality in the Cooper River, especially in light of past violations for which DHEC fined Kinder Morgan $32,400 in 2002.

New Coal Plant Proposed for the Great Pee Dee In the Kingsburg Community of Florence County near the Marion County border, Santee Cooper – South Carolina's state-owned electric utility – proposes to construct a $1 billion coal fired electric generation plant along the limestone bluffs of the Great Pee Dee River. The 1,320-

Chris Dixon

Carbon Dioxide & Particle Pollution

Sprawl is Bad for Your Health

prawl

People who live in sprawling, auto-dependent communities walk less, are more overweight, and suffer higher rates of blood pressure.

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Hazard Zones Coal is Dirty Burning coal for power is the #1 source of mercury that has contaminated all of South Carolina’s major river basins and lakes.

megawatt plant will have a total footprint of 1,245 acres and will require altering approximately 94 acres of wetlands and converting hundreds of acres of land into landfills and ash ponds. Moreover, the plant will emit 8.7 million tons of CO2, 372 pounds of mercury, and thousands of tons of smog and soot forming pollutants into the atmosphere every year. It will also withdraw 2 million gallons of water per

day from the Great Pee Dee. Presently, Santee Cooper owns four of the seven existing coal plants in the Pee Dee and Lowcountry regions. This new plant alone would increase by 30% the utility’s carbon emissions. While the public utility has agreed to conduct a full Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) as required by law, Santee Cooper received a draft state air pollution permit before the much-needed EIS had even begun.

The Conservation League, in partnership with more than 20 other organizations and individuals, opposes the construction of a new coal fired power plant and intends to use every means available to prevent unnecessary degradation of the natural and human environment when alternative, cleaner solution and technologies exist.

Question

established a definitive link between sprawling, auto-dependent development and rising high blood pressure rates and weight gain among Americans.

Furthermore, the percentage of young people who are overweight has more than doubled in the past 30 years. A recent report from the University of South Carolina found that 35.8 percent of the state's children are overweight or obese, which ranks South Carolina at sixth in the nation for childhood obesity. Car trips have replaced trips that used to be made on foot or bicycle by children, whether to school or friends’ houses. A Coastal Conservation League study found that schools built before 1983 had four times as many students walking to them as schools built since 1983. Helping people get back to walking or bicycling should be a first target to combating the obesity epidemic, according to the AMA.

Health experts agree that most Americans are too sedentary and weigh too much. And South Carolina is no exception, with the nation’s fifth highest adult obesity rate. In fact, obesity has reached epidemic levels here, and diseases associated with inactivity are on the rise. What is creating this public health crisis? While much of the focus in the past was on whether we eat too much fattening food, researchers have also begun to pay attention to the other half of the weight-gain equation: Our low levels of physical activity. One question has been whether the design of our communities makes it more difficult for us to get physical activity and maintain a healthy weight. In 2003, a landmark study entitled Relationship Between Urban Sprawl and Physical Activity, Obesity and Morbidity

The Definitive Link

The peer-reviewed study (published in the American Journal of Health Promotion) used a county sprawl index developed in partnership with Smart Growth America and determined that people living in automobile-dependent neighborhoods that suppress walking do indeed walk less, weigh more, and are more likely to suffer from high blood pressure. “This research shows that the lack of convenient, walkable communities may help explain why so many Americans are battling high blood pressure and obesity,” says Don Chen, Executive Director of Smart Growth America.

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The Obesity

Virginia Beach

Community Concerns

Rosemont An Interview with Nancy Button

Virginia Beach

he questions facing The New Rosemont Homeowners Association President Nancy Button are not unlike those that have faced previous Rosemont residents for generations. Living on the Charleston Neck along the narrow land bridge between North Charleston and Charleston, Button and others have forged longtime family and neighborhood ties, despite forces that might have torn apart a less resilient community. Bordered by the Ashley River to the west and I-26 to the east, Rosemont is one of several African American communities that grew out of the discovery of large phosphate deposits along the Charleston Neck and the eventual emancipation of thousands of slaves at the end of the Civil War. Old plantation lands were rejuvenated and by 1888, the Neck and North Area possessed 21 phosphate and fertilizer plants that provided one-fifth of the total U.S. market. A majority of the laborers were freedmen or former slaves. Communities such as Silver Hill, Magnolia and Rosemont quickly developed to provide housing for the hundreds of workers in these phosphate mines. Eventually, a railroad was built, in addition to regular ferry service,

Nancy Button, President of the The New Rosemont Homeowners Association, enjoys a rare moment of relaxation by the community’s playing field, where a ramp for the proposed port access road would be built.

Life in an Industrial Zone – The Rosemont Community on the Charleston Neck has co-existed with numerous polluting industries, a congested interstate, and nearby shipping and trucking facilities for decades.

to transport goods and people between the mines and Charleston and Summerville. Enticed by easy access to markets and a ready labor force, other industries quickly followed suit, under past and present names such as the Virginia-Carolina Chemical Company, the Pacific Guano Company, Atlantic Phosphate Works, Koppers, Inc., Macalloy, Kinder Morgan and Rhodia, to name a few. While providing much needed livelihood to communities such as Rosemont, the industries brought with them their associated soil, water, air and noise pollution. Nevertheless, by the 1960s when Nancy Button was growing up, Rosemont was a bustling neighborhood of all ages, with several active churches, beauty shops, stores, restaurants, even its own elementary school, all in the shadow of an industrial zone.

“Too many people here die from cancer, too many suffer from asthma and sinus problems. We’ve been surrounded by pollution all our lives and yet no one really knows what’s going on.” Then along came I-26, tearing through the heart of the community and introducing a whole new barrage of auto and diesel exhaust, incessant noise, and a permanent barrier that forever isolated Rosemont from its neighbors on The Neck. “Our quality of life and health is not good and the young people are leaving,” laments Button. “Too many people here die from cancer, too many suffer from asthma and sinus problems. We’ve been surrounded by pollution all our lives and yet no one really knows what’s going on.” Now SPA is proposing to construct a new port terminal across from Rosemont on the other side of I-26, as well as to widen the interstate and build a new access road to I-26, with a ramp that will go right through the community’s playing field and park. The new port will generate 7,000 new truck trips a day, an average of one truck every 6 seconds using the ramp through Rosemont. Says Button, “How much more can we take? If this new port and road come through here, it will be the nail in the coffin for our community.” c oa s ta l c o n s e rvat i o n l e ag u e

Community Concerns Dana Beach

Old Hobcaw An Interview with Frank Heindel

Frank Heindel

hen Hobcaw resident Frank Heindel tucks his five-year-old asthmatic son into bed each night, he hopes that the particulate matter emanating from the nearby Wando port terminal will not reach levels that are harmful to the little boy’s developing lungs. Heindel, who works for a grain merchandizing business, has borrowed a friend’s air particulate meter to try to gauge how much of the fine particles are getting into his home and neighborhood. Since neither DHEC nor SPA is currently monitoring particulate pollution at the Wando terminal, Heindel and his neighbors can’t be sure that the air they are breathing is safe. What Heindel does know is that particle pollution, found in diesel exhaust from ships and trucks, is a pollutant so fine that it evades the lungs’ filtering mechanisms, flows straight into the bloodstream, and can put someone at considerable risk for a host of chronic diseases, including cancer, heart disease, asthma and other respiratory ailments. It is especially threatening to children. According to a 1979 settlement agreement between the SPA and local community groups, when the Wando terminal was built in Mount Pleasant, SPA agreed to monitor air quality at the terminal with sufficient frequency to protect the environment. For a while, SPA tested sporadically for particulate matter. Then all testing ceased in 2001. DHEC established a program to measure air for particulate matter, but set up only two continuous

Is It Safe to Breathe? This one cargo ship docked at Mount Pleasant's Wando terminal can pollute as much as 350,000 cars.

Frank Heindel, a resident of Old Hobcaw in Mount Pleasant, uses a hand held air quality meter to measure fine particulate matter.

monitoring stations for Charleston County, neither of which is located where the people and pollution are concentrated. “What’s scary,” according to Heindel, “is that no one is monitoring Charleston’s air quality in areas where people are most affected.” In other words, DHEC is monitoring, but not for acute exposure near the major sources of pollution. Among the port’s four terminals in Charleston, the Wando handles more cargo than the other three terminals combined. The equivalent of two ships idle continuously each day, spewing about one ton of particulate pollution into the atmosphere every 24 hours. If this were a factory with smokestacks, the Wando terminal would be monitored and regulated by DHEC, but, because of a quirk in the law, port operations are currently not required to abide by the Clean Air Act. “Too many of us – black and white, rich and poor – live within close proximity of a port operation,” states Heindel, “potentially putting ourselves and our children at risk of chronic, life threatening illnesses. South Carolina must put in place a viable monitoring program with benchmarks for cleaner and more efficient port operations, as many ports around the country have done. If we don’t act now, we may be headed toward a Los Angeles/Long Beach scenario, where, for example, cancer rates inensify in proximity to port operations.”

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Frank Heindel

Prescription for Wellness

Solutions for Port and Diesel Pollution n The federal Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) must strengthen both the annual average and 24-hour air quality standards for particulate matter in order to protect the public from health effects of shortand long-term exposures, as required by the Clean Air Act. [EPA is currently reviewing its air quality standards and is considering measures to strengthen them.] n EPA must regulate mobile source emissions (such as cargo and cruise ships) as mandated by the Clean Air Act. [EPA failed to meet its April 2007 deadline for setting emissions standards for ship engines.] n The S.C. Department of Health and Environmental Control (DHEC) and SPA must begin a systematic, thorough monitoring program of air quality in and around all operations of the Port of Charleston. [SPA tests only every five years and no tests have been conducted since 2001. Furthermore, DHEC operates only two particulate monitoring sites in Charleston, neither of which is located near the greatest concentrations of pollution and people.] n The Conservation League recommends reducing diesel particulate pollution at all Port of Charleston terminals by 50% by 2010, and by 90% by 2015. n All environmental health impacts must be thoroughly investigated before proceeding with expansion of the Port of Charleston â€“ a port located in the heart of a growing metropolitan area of 600,000 residents. The expansion, as proposed, could put the Charleston region in violation of already weak federal air quality standards. [SPA should actively investigate alternative sites for expansion that would impact fewer residents and be more cost efficient.] n Move more containers out of the region on rail instead of by truck. [The Conservation League proposes shipping 40% of containers at the new terminal by rail by 2015, and 70% by 2025.]

Clean Technologies Exist

Singapore-based APL shipping line is testing a new technology at the Port of Oakland, CA, that enables ships to shut down their engines while in berth and plug into shoreside electric power, reducing air pollution.

n Support stronger vehicle emission standards. Recently, SPA announced a new policy to use cleaner-burning fuel in all diesel powered equipment at its Charleston terminals. According to the announcement, SPAâ€™s 43 mobile cranes that stack containers will be the first machines to run on a new ultra low sulfur fuel, which will cut diesel emission levels from the machines by approximately 10%. Tanks that store fuel for about 70 other pieces of equipment will be refilled with the cleaner fuel when existing supplies are depleted. The new policy is being implemented by SPA ahead of an EPA mandated deadline of July 2010. Like most ports, SPA also has switched all but one of its 21 giant container cranes to electric power, which is cleaner and cheaper than diesel. The Conservation League welcomes these new policies and hopes that SPA will quickly implement further initiatives to clean up the most significant sources of port pollution, namely the ships, tugs, trains and tractor-trailers that move cargo to and from the port. In many parts of the nation, such required practices are already in operation: n Require cleaner, low sulfur fuel for calling ships within 10 miles of harbor; n Establish incentives for lower speeds for calling ships; n Provide shoreside power for ships at berth;

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n Require diesel particulate filters or appropriate technology for all diesel powered vehicles and machines routinely involved in port operations, and n Establish automatic shut-offs, limits, and incentives to reduce equipment idling.

What You Can Do American Lung Association www.lungusa.org Clean Air Task Force www.catf.us CharlestonCleanAir.com http://charlestoncleanair.com/ CleanEnergySC.com www.CleanEnergySC.com Charleston Green City Initiative www.charlestoncity.info Smart Growth America www.smartgrowthamerica.org Smoke Free Alliance http://smokefreesc.blogspot.com Southern Environmental Law Center www.southernenvironment.org

Nancy Cave

Prescription for Wellness

Containing Coal

Check out the Following Groups & Web Sites

Take Action At: www.CoastalConservationLeague.org n Contact your DHEC commissioners urging them to implement a monitoring and Best Management Program at each of the four terminals comprising the Port of Charleston. n Contact ACOE, DHEC and Santee Cooper to oppose the construction of a new coal fired power plant on the Great Pee Dee River. n Write your newspapers and representatives citing the urgent need for data on human health and the environment, especially in areas where there are high concentrations of pollution and people. n Support annexation reform and coordinated land use planning statewide.

Speak Up for Public Health – In September, the Army Corps

of Engineers held public hearings in Conway and Florence as part of the Environmental Impact Statement process for the proposed Santee Cooper coal fired electric generation plant on the Great Pee Dee River. During the allotted time for public comment, 77 attendees spoke against the plant. Only six spoke in favor.

fired power plant emissions. [According to EPA, technology both available today and anticipated in the near future can eliminate most of the mercury from utilities at a cost far lower than one percent of utility industry revenues. For example, states such as Florida and Massachusetts have required mercury controls that have dramatically reduced the mercury levels in nearby fish populations. In North Carolina, all power plants have been required to reduce their mercury pollution as of November 2006.]

Curing Sprawl n n n n n n n

Invest in “complete streets” and improved facilities for biking and walking, such as sidewalks and bike lanes. Install traffic calming measures to slow down cars. Create “Safe Routes to School" programs that focus on helping children walk and bike to school. Support zoning and land use policies that promote compact, walkable neighborhoods that are pedestrian-centered instead of auto-dependent. Create incentives for residential areas to be located near where people shop and work. Support neighborhood schools to enable families to walk and bike to school. Support transportation policies that promote a wide variety of transportation options in your

c oa s ta l c o n s e rvat i o n l e ag u e

Wade Spees

n Support a moratorium on all new coal fired power plants until all avenues of energy efficiency, energy conservation and energy alternatives have been fully explored. [Duke Power and Progress Energy, along with South Carolina’s 20 electric cooperatives, have proposed initiatives in the Carolinas to generate more power from efficiency and smarter power use than Santee Cooper’s proposed new coal plant would produce. Two studies recently commissioned by S.C.’s cooperatives, which serve 1.6 million residents, found that the state’s utilities can increase their green energy capacity by 665 megawatts in the next decade and consumers can cut their power use by 25% or more by 2017 through implementation of efficiency, conservation, and renewable energy measures.] n Support the development of a state energy policy for South Carolina. n Support a national tax on carbon that would internalize the costs of CO2 pollution and create incentives for the development of alternative energy sources. n Implement reliable and affordable technology, already in existence today, that can eliminate 90-95% of mercury from coal

Americans want to bicycle!

Recent national polls have found that 55% of Americans would like to walk more instead of drive, and 52% would like to bicycle more.

n n n n

community, including mass transit where feasible. Focus development around transit stops and already existing infrastructure. Revitalize older neighborhoods that are already walkable. Retrofit sprawling neighborhoods. Support stronger fuel efficiency standards.

Legislative Issues

After eight months of intense work, the Conservation League celebrated a huge victory on June 27th when Governor Sanford signed the long awaited DOT Reform bill into law. Act 114 includes four of the League’s five transportation improvement priorities, ensuring that: 1) Real public hearings will be held on large transportation projects; 2) The state’s highest funding priorities will include those roads and bridges that are consistent with local land use plans, and 3) Chosen projects will provide the greatest economic benefits with the least environmental impacts. Senators Glenn McConnell (RCharleston), Hugh Leatherman (R-Florence), Larry Grooms (RBerkeley), Tommy Moore (D-Aiken), and Greg Ryberg (R-Aiken), Speaker Bobby Harrell (R-Charleston) and

Conservation Bank Funding Increased For the last three years, the Conservation Bank has been the most important source of funding for land conservation in South Carolina with its protection of 107,551 acres of natural and historic properties across the state. But the rapid rate of development in South Carolina (nearly 200 acres developed each day) far exceeds the amount of land we are protecting. More money must be allocated for the purchase of rural land. Towards this goal, the League and its conservation partners worked tirelessly this year to add even more funding to the highly successful Conservation Bank. In the House, the League defeated numerous attempts to divert existing Bank dollars to other projects, such

Tish Lynn

Department of Transportation (DOT) Reform is Now Law

DOT Reform Signed Into Law – Governor Sanford (seated) is surrounded by the many supporters of DOT reform who worked tirelessly on behalf of better transportation policy for South Carolina. Our own Patty Pierce stands at far right.

Representatives Annette Young (RBerkeley), Jim Merrill (R-Berkeley), and Mike Anthony (D-Union) deserve special thanks for their constant support of our reform priorities in subcommittee, committee, and during floor debates. The DOT Reform Coalition, with as mitigation for DOT roads, notably I-73, and the construction of new boat ramps. We owe particular thanks to those who defended the Bank’s base funding of approximately $18 million (generated by deed recording fees): Representatives Jeff Duncan (RLaurens), Ben Hagood (R-Charleston), Bill Herbkersman (R-Beaufort), Chip Limehouse(R-Charleston), Harry Ott (D-Calhoun), John Scott (DRichland), Bakari Sellers (D-Bamburg), Leon Stavrinakis (D-Charleston), Mac Toole (R-Lexington), David Umphlett (R-Berkeley), and Seth Whipper (DCharleston). In the Senate, the League worked with Senators Hugh Leatherman (R-Florence), Yancey McGill (DWilliamsburg) and John Courson (R-Richland) to secure an additional $5 million for the Conservation c oa s ta l c o n s e rvat i o n l e ag u e

its 36 member-organizations, also deserves a big round of applause for its letter writing efforts, frequent trips to Columbia, and support of the League’s efforts to de-politicize the way that future transportation project decisions will be made in South Carolina.

Bank. The following Budget Conference Committee members ultimately approved these new funds: Senators Leatherman, John Land (D-Clarendon) and Harvey Peeler (R-Cherokee) and Representatives Dan Cooper (RAnderson), Tracy Edge (R-Horry) and Denny Neilson (D-Darlington). Our thanks to all of these conservation leaders. 

Legislative Issues

By 2012 all “river shacks” will be eliminated from our public trust waters, thanks to passage of H. 3466 championed by Representative David Umphlett (R-Berkeley) on May 24th, 2007. Working hand-in-hand with the Department of Natural Resources, Santee Cooper, the SC Attorney General’s office, and key legislators – Senators Greg Gregory (R-Lancaster), who sponsored the Senate companion bill, Vince Sheheen (D-Kershaw), and Chip Campsen and Representatives Billy Witherspoon (R-Horry) and Dwight Loftis (R-Greenville) – the League ensured that these polluting shacks, which have been an eyesore and a hindrance to river navigation for decades, will cease to exist in the near future.

Green Building A Go! South Carolina took a giant leap forward towards energy independence this session with passage of H.3034, “green buildings” legislation, by Representative Joan Brady (R-Richland). Now, new construction of all statefunded facilities of 10,000 square feet or greater and those requiring certain renovations must meet “green building” sustainable construction standards. A Gubernatorial veto of the bill was surprising, especially given Governor Sanford’s creation of the Climate, Energy and Commerce Advisory Committee this year, but the League, with the aid of Senator Jim Ritchie (R-Spartanburg) and Representatives Harry Cato (RGreenville) and Joan Brady, helped override the veto in the House, 90-13. H. 3034 then passed unanimously in the Senate.

Patrick Moore

River Shacks Eliminated from Public Waters

An Eyesore No More – An eyesore and a navigation hazard, the river shack will no longer be allowed in South Carolina’s public waterways.

Mercury Pollution Must Cease The Conservation League has ensured that over the next fifteen years, South Carolina utilities will be required to lower mercury emissions and reduce mercury pollution in our state by supporting amendments to South Carolina’s Air Pollution Control Regulations and Standards. Our thanks go to members of the Senate Agriculture Committee and the House Agriculture, Natural Resources and Environmental Affairs Committee for agreeing to take this first, significant step towards reducing mercury pollution in our state. These standards lay the groundwork for introducing more protective air pollution policies in the future. Time is of the essence. Since the Department of Health and Environmental Control (DHEC) has already recorded elevated mercury levels in all of South Carolina’s major water bodies due to coal fired power plant emmissions, the League will continue to work hard to identify new legislative initiatives that can further reduce mercury pollution in our environment. c oa s ta l c o n s e rvat i o n l e ag u e

Community Protections Maintained The League spearheaded the creation of the grassroots Community Protections Coalition, comprised of 39 memberorganizations, and successfully thwarted the introduction of regulatory takings legislation this legislative session. Working closely with members of the Eminent Domain Study Committee, the Coalition testified at hearings; wrote opeds, and suggested reasonable compromise proposals to improve community involvement and notification of zoning changes. We owe a great deal of thanks to Senators Greg Gregory (R-Lancaster), Chip Campsen (R-Charleston) and Robert Ford (D- Charleston), Representatives Tracy Edge (R-Horry), Jim Merrill (R-Berkeley) and Creighton Coleman (D-Fairfield), and Gubernatorial appointees: Tammy Mcknew (Greenville), Robert Clement (Charleston) and Ben Ziegler (Florence) for their continued opposition to regulatory takings legislation and for their support of the protection of communities’ rights.

Tish Lynn

Members' Corner

Tour of Auldbrass – Thanks to Joel Silver for welcoming Conservation League members to a special fall tour of Auldbrass, his home Tish Lynn

Chris Tate

near Yemassee designed by Frank Lloyd Wright in 1939. League member and property manager Scott McNair led the tour.

Gathering at Charleston Naval Yard

Conservationists Celebrate – Gretchen Tate, Alison

Tish Lynn

Whetstone, Thea and Whitney Riley, and Chuck Heilig celebrate the future with other young conservationists at the League’s “Future is Ours” party.

Tish Lynn

(l-r) DuBose Griffin, Dana Beach and Katherine Graham enjoy the Conservation League’s “Future is Ours” party at 10 Storehouse Row.

The Future is Ours – (l-r) Michael and Lauren Whitfield, Reggae and BBQ – (l-r) Valerie McGee, League board Meghan, Clare and Jeff Webster join more than 250 young Charleston and North Charelston area conservationists for reggae and bar-b-que at the Charleston Naval Yard.

member Robert Prioleau, and Daniel James enjoy Mystic Vibrations reggae band and bar-b-que by Sewee Outpost at the “Future is Ours” celebration.

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Tish Lynn

Members’ Corner Vicki Verity & Dick Hale Join League Board

Lunch Under the Oaks – League supporters enjoy lunch Alison Whetstone

under the live oaks of Auldbrass.

Paddling the Edisto – Pete Laurie and Cindy Floyd navigate the Tish Lynn

black waters of the Edisto River on a Conservation League outing this summer.

Members Updated on Issues – After a tour and lunch at Auldbrass, League members are updated by South Coast Office Director Patrick Moore on issues regarding annexation reform and proposed development at nearby Binden Plantation. (Property manager and tour organizer Scott McNair is in red shirt in center.)

Born and raised in Lake Forest, Illinois, Vicki Verity credits her parents as her first environmental influence. “I went to summer nature camp when I was very young and started caring about conservation there,” she explains. “A biology major at Sweet Briar College furthered my interest as did later memberships in the Garden Club of America, on the Women’s Board of the Chicago Botanic Garden, and on the Board of the Cincinnati Zoo and Botanical Garden.” After 38 years in banking, Vicki and her husband, Jon Verity, moved from Chicago to Beaufort in 2005, following Jon’s parents who had retired to the area more than 20 years ago. The Veritys quickly became concerned about the proliferation of sprawl that was threatening the Lowcountry landscape. Through Cathy Forrester, Vicki was introduced to the Conservation League. We are honored to have Vicki serve on the board. We also welcome Dick Hale to the Conservation League board. Dick grew up in the Philadelphia area and graduated with a B.A. in English from Yale and an MBA in Finance from the Wharton School. He first came to Charleston as a gunnery officer aboard a navy destroyer before beginning his banking career in securities and investments, the majority of which was spent with Alex Brown & Sons in Baltimore (later bought out by Deutsche Bank). For 13 years, Dick served on the board of Bryn Mawr School for Girls and was also President of the Guilford Association – a neighborhood improvement association in Baltimore. Three years ago, he and his wife, Eleanor, bought a second home in downtown Charleston and soon joined the Conservation League. Says Dick, “We had been in and out of Charleston over the years and became interested in the work of the League. Its mission is particularly important as development pressures increase in the area.”

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In House Staff News Brian Barrie Brian joined the League in June and brings with him many years of experience in communications, publications, and information technology. A Charleston native, Brian spent eight years working for the Democratic Leadership of the U.S. Senate in Internet and media relations doing everything from creating Web sites to setting up press conferences. Since returning to Charleston in 2005, Brian has been working as a freelance Web consultant primarily for clients in the Washington, D.C. area. Brian and his wife, Cathy, live in Mt. Pleasant where they are able to take their young son, Evan (featured on our cover), to the beach whenever he wants, which is frequently.

Ben Moore Ben joined the League this year after receiving a Masters degree in Environmental Management from the Nicholas School of the Environment at Duke University with a certificate in Energy and the Environment. Before graduate school, he worked as an environmental educator. At the League, he focuses on climate change and energy policy. Ben grew up in Jacksonville, Fl. with close family ties to the Carolinas. He earned a Bachelor of Arts degree from Haverford College

in 2001. Ben is an avid music buff and enjoys spending time with his wife, Jan.

Art von Lehe Art also recently joined the League. A native South Carolinian, he grew up spending much of his time outdoors in Mount Pleasant where he discovered his interest in the natural heritage of the state. Art has a B.S. in Environmental Studies from the University of North Carolina at Asheville, a Masters of Studies in Environmental Law from Vermont Law School, and a law degree from the University of South Carolina. In his spare time he enjoys hiking, surfing, riding bikes, swimming, and playing bass.

Brian

Ben

Jim Cumberland Also joining the League this year, Jim graduated with honors from Gettysburg College with a B.A. in English, going on to earn a law degree from George Washington University Law School in 1998. Since then he has worked on Capitol Hill for the House Energy & Commerce Committee and for EPA. In South Carolina, he has served on the adjunct faculty at the University of South Carolina School of Law and worked for the USC Institute for Public Service and the S.C. Department of Education. In Columbia, Jim enjoys relaxing with his partner Kim, daughter Tayte, son Simon, and their three cats.

Art

Jim

Congratulations to... Elizabeth Hagood for being selected as a Liberty Fellow, sponsored by the Aspen Institute and Wofford College. The program’s mission is to develop outstanding professional leadership qualities among South Carolina’s most promising citizens; Megan and Michael Desrosiers on the birth of their son, Luca Russell Desrosiers, born on July 25th and weighing in at 8 pounds, 6 ounces; Julie and Mark Frye (Julie is our newsletter designer) on the birth of their son William "Brady" Frye, born on June 18th and weighing in at 6 pounds, 13 ounces, And Jess Barton for her appointment as Grassrooots Coordinator for the Chesapeake Bay Foundation. Brady

Luca

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Thank You! Contributions Received from September 1, 2006 - August 31, 2007

$10,000+

Anonymous (2) Penny and Bill Agnew American Rivers, Inc. Mr. and Mrs. Harrison H. Augur Anthony and Linda Bakker Frances P. Bunnelle Foundation The Gilbert & Ildiko Butler Conservation Fund, Inc. Charlotte Caldwell and Jeffrey Schutz Mary Flagler Cary Charitable Trust Ceres Foundation, Inc. Mr. and Mrs. Jamie W. Constance Mr. Ted Dintersmith and Ms. Elizabeth Hazard Gaylord and Dorothy Donnelley Foundation Dr. and Mrs. Strachan Donnelley Mr. and Mrs. Lawrence David Dwyer Mr. and Mrs. J. Henry Fair, Jr. The Festoon Foundation, Inc. Dorothea and Peter Frank Nancy and Larry Fuller Laura and Steve Gates Mr. and Mrs. S. Parker Gilbert Godric Foundation Mr. and Mrs. Thomas C. Graham Mr. Henry F. Hagerty Eleanor & Henry Hitchcock Charitable Foundation Holly H. Hook and Dennis A. Glaves Mr. Hank Holliday Billie and Alan Houghton Mr. John R. Hunting Mr. and Mrs. Charles G. Lane Mr. Hugh C. Lane, Jr. Mills Bee Lane Foundation Lasca and Richard Lilly Mr. T. Cartter Lupton II Lyndhurst Foundation Dr. and Mrs. Walter C. Meier Merck Family Fund Charles Stewart Mott Foundation The Osprey Foundation Mr. and Mrs. Howard Phipps, Jr. Steven and Barbara Rockefeller Rockefeller Family Fund Mr. and Mrs. Peter Roy Mrs. Anne Rivers Siddons and Mr. Heyward Siddons Ms. Dorothy D. Smith Libby Smith Fred and Alice Stanback, Jr. Mr. and Mrs. Stuart Tenney Mr. Daniel K. Thorne

Daniel K. Thorne Foundation Gary and Mary Beth Thornhill Jane Smith Turner Foundation Turner Foundation Mr. and Mrs. James C. Vardell III Yawkey Foundation

$5,000 - $9,999

Anonymous (2) Anheuser-Busch’s “Keep it Natural Carolinas” Program John and Jane Beach Henry M. Blackmer Foundation Mrs. Margaret N. Blackmer Mr. and Mrs. Charles B. Chitty Mr. and Mrs. Edwin H. Cooper III Mrs. Edith C. Crocker Mr. and Mrs. Charles M. Huff Mrs. Margaret M. Davis Mr. Richard W. Hutson, Jr. Mr. and Mrs. John E. Masaschi Mr. and Mrs. Irenee duPont May Mr. and Mrs. David Maybank, Jr. Mr. and Mrs. James O. Mills Mrs. Alexander Moore Mr. and Mrs. Stuart Tenney H.L. Thompson, Jr. Family Foundation Mr. and Mrs. Joseph H. Williams Henry and Sylvia Yaschik Foundation, Inc.

$2,000 - $4,999

Mr. J. Anderson Berly III Mr. and Mrs. C. Austin Buck Mrs. Hilary Cadwallader-Philippson Nancy and Billy Cave Mr. and Mrs. James J. Chaffin, Jr. Mr. and Mrs. William C. Cleveland Dr. Katherine Close Mr. and Mrs. Richard E. Coen Chip and Betty Coffee Dr. and Mrs. Robert W. Cowgill Doris Duke Charitable Foundation Mr. and Mrs. Hugh M. Eaton III Herbert J. Everts Mr. and Mrs. Peter Feldman James L. Ferguson Mr. James R. Gilreath Mr. Vincent G. Graham Mr. and Mrs. Henry Gulbrandsen Half-Moon Outfitters Mr. and Mrs. R. Glenn Hilliard

COASTAL LEGACY SOCIETY

The Coastal Legacy Society honors those who have provided for the Coastal Conservation League through their wills or estate plans. By making a gift to the Coastal Legacy Society, you will join this group of extraordinary individuals in their commitment to protect the Lowcountry for generations. If you are interested in finding out more about naming the Coastal Conservation League in your will or estate plans, please contact Development Director, Tish Lynn at (843) 725-2065. c oa s ta l c o n s e rvat i o n l e ag u e

The Hilliard Family Foundation, Inc. Mr. and Mrs. George P. Johnston Dr. and Mrs. Todd P. Joye Ms. Nunally Kersh and Mr. Robert Stehling Linda Ketner and Beth Huntley Charlie and Sally Lee The Suzanne and Bruce Lindsay Charitable Foundation Mr. and Mrs. John C. Maize, Jr. Dr. and Mrs. Thomas R. Mather Mr. and Mrs. David Maybank III Mr. and Mrs. John McCormick Mr. and Mrs. Barclay McFadden III Mr. and Mrs. James O. Mills Mrs. Sally H. Mitchell Mr. James W. Mozley Mr. Guy Paschal Charles and Celeste Patrick Mr. and Mrs. David Paynter Max and Helen Philippson Foundation Mrs. Joan C. Pittman Mrs. Charles D. Ravenel Grace Jones Richardson Trust Mr. and Mrs. James H. Rion Mr. John M. Rivers, Jr. John M. Rivers, Jr. Foundation, Inc. David W. and Susan G. Robinson Foundation Mr. and Mrs. David W. Robinson Margot and Boykin Rose Mr. and Mrs. Charles Schaller Mr. H. Del Schutte, Jr. Col. and Mrs. D. M. Scott, Jr. Ms. Martha Jane Soltow Mr. and Mrs. T. Paul Strickler Ms. Margaretta Taylor Mr. and Mrs. Jacques S. Theriot Mr. Robert L. Underwood Mr. and Mrs. Charles L. Wyrick, Jr. Mr. and Mrs. Loren Ziff Mr. and Mrs. Stephen J. Ziff Ziff Properties Charleston

$1,000 - $1,999

Live Oak Society

The Coastal Conservation League works very hard to ensure that all donor names are listed correctly; however, occasional mistakes do occur. Please contact the Development Office at (843) 723-8035, ext. 1103 with any questions or corrections.

Anonymous (1) Mr. and Mrs. John J. Avlon Ms. Molly H. Ball Mr. Arthur L. Baron Mr. and Mrs. William R. Barrett, Jr. Mrs. Ann R. Baruch Edward and Adelaida Bennett Elizabeth Calvin Bonner Foundation

Anonymous (1) Ethel-Jane Westfeldt Bunting Foundation Russell and Judith Burns Charlotte Caldwell Mr. and Mrs. Robert E. Coffee, Jr. Ms. Marcia Curtis Howard Drew Carol B. Ervin Dr. Annette G. Godow Miss Florence E. Goodwin Mr. and Mrs. Jon P. Liles Dr. Thomas R. Mather Miles F. McSweeney Ellen and Mayo Read Mr. and Mrs. John J. Tecklenburg Janis Hammett-Wegman and Charles Wegman

Thank You! Mr. and Mrs. Alan A. Moses Mr. P. Sherrill Neff and Ms. Alicia Felton Mr. John C. Oliver Ms. Elizabeth F. Orser Dr. Robert Payne and Mrs. Elizabeth Thomas Mr. J. Randolph Pelzer Plantation Services, Inc. Mr. and Mrs. Ron C. Plunkett Mr. and Mrs. Michael B. Prevost Robert and Rachel Prioleau Mr. and Mrs. S. Kim Reed The Little-Reid Conservation Fund of the Vanguard Charitable Endowment Program Price R. and Flora A. Reid Foundation Mr. and Mrs. William R. Richardson, Jr. Bob Rymer and Catherine Anne Walsh Santee Cooper SCANA Services, Inc. Mr. Lee Schepps and Ms. Barbara Cottrell Mr. and Mrs. T. Grange Simons V Southern States Educational Foundation Inc. James Gustave Speth Fund for the Environment of the Open Space Institute, Inc. Mr. and Mrs. Louis E. Storen Mr. and Mrs. Richard Sturgis William and Shanna Sullivan Charles and Jo Summerall Mr. and Mrs. Jan S. Suwinski Mr. and Mrs. Charles H. Symington, Jr. The Brumley Family Foundation Trust Tidelands Bank Don and Rose Tomlin Ms. Martha M. Upson Mr. and Mrs. Greg Vanderwerker Susan and Trenholm Walker Mr. Ron G. Wilson Mr. and Mrs. Cyril M. Wolff

$500 - $999

Mr. and Mrs. Harold H. Adams, Jr. Ms. Carrie Agnew F.E. Agnew Family Fund of The Pittsburgh Foundation Dr. and Mrs. Scott H. Allen Drs. T. Brantley and Penny Arnau Ms. Vivian Dâ€™Amato Asche Chuck and Betsy Baker Mr. Leslie L. Bateson Lee Batten Mr. and Mrs. Wise H. Batten Mrs. Mary Ruth Baxter Mr. and Mrs. Gifford Beaton Mr. and Mrs. Franklin D. Beattie Mrs. Charles Becker Dr. and Mrs. William Black Blackbaud, Inc. Mr. and Mrs. Thomas P. Blagden, Jr. Mr. and Mrs. Martin Bluford Mr. and Mrs. Harry A. Bonyun III Cecil and Barrie Bozard Mr. Keith S. Brown Mr. and Mrs. Jonathan E. Buchan Mr. and Mrs. Thomas H. Cable, Jr. Mr. William Campbell and Ms. Susan Hilfer Mr. Leigh Carter Leigh Mary W. Carter Foundation Mr. and Mrs. T. Heyward Carter, Jr. Dr. H. Paul Cooler Mr. and Mrs. Michael R. Cooper Mr. Jack Cordray The Honorable and Mrs. John E. Courson Dr. and Mrs. L. Bradford Courtney Martha Craft-Essig Mr. and Mrs. John Crawford Mr. and Mrs. Kenneth P. Daniels Mr. Chris Davis Curtis and Arianna Derrick Ms. Ann W. Dibble Mr. and Mrs. Peter B. Dodds c oa s ta l c o n s e rvat i o n l e ag u e

Mr. and Mrs. Martin G. Dudley Mr. D. Reid Ellis Ms. Nina M. Fair Dr. and Mrs. Robert L. Fenning Mr. Robert W. Foster, Sr. Mr. and Mrs. Charles F. Fretz Mr. Robert M. Gallant Ms. Heather R. Garrison Mr. and Mrs. E. Stack Gately Drs. Andrew Geer and Susan Moore Dr. and Mrs. Charles C. Geer Mr. Jerome Gerson Mr. and Mrs. Reginald L. Gibson Dr. Annette G. Godow Dr. and Mrs. Gene W. Grace Dr. Carol M. Graf Mr. and Mrs. Phil T. Griffin Mr. and Mrs. Joseph P. Griffith, Jr. Mr. and Mrs. James M. Hagood Dr. Angela Halfacre Mr. Alvin Hammer Mr. and Mrs. Joseph Happe Dr. Kit M. Hargrove Mr. and Mrs. D. George Harris Ms. Page Harris and Mr. Robert C. Pavlechko Mr. and Mrs. Charles M. Hart Ms. Katharine M. Hartley Whitney and Elizabeth Hatch Mr. and Mrs. Jim Haugh Mr. A. T. Heath III Mr. William J. Hennessy, Jr. Mr. Fred B. Herrmann Hilton Head Island Audubon Society Mr. and Mrs. Keith Hinson Mr. and Mrs. John Adams Hodge Mr. and Mrs. Steve Hoffius Mr. J. W. F. Holliday Mr. and Mrs. Peter M. Horlbeck James and Page Hungerpiller Stephanie and Noel Hunt Mr. Leroy Hutchinson and Ms. Julia Eichelberger Ms. Mary Pope M. Hutson Mr. H. W. Igleheart Mr. and Mrs. Charles R. Jackson, Sr. Mr. and Mrs. George R. Johnson Ms. May Jones Dr. and Mrs. Robert M. Jones Dr. and Mrs. Kenneth S. Kammer Mr. and Mrs. Marvin P. Kimmel James E. and Anne B. Kistler Charitable Trust of The U. S. Charitable Gift Trust Mrs. Dudley Knott Mr. Ed Kozek Melissa and Michael Ladd Mr. and Mrs. Joseph Landing Lois Lane and Cary Weber Mr. Terrence C. Larimer Dr. and Mrs. Richard M. Lawson Mr. and Mrs. Wood N. Lay Robert and Dione Leak Mr. and Mrs. Dennis J. Lee Leigh Mary W. Carter Foundation Mr. and Mrs. Edward P. Leland Elizabeth C. Rivers Lewine Endowment Mr. and Mrs. Lanneau D. Lide Mr. David Lott Mrs. Walden E. Lown Tish Lynn Dr. and Mrs. John C. Maize Ms. Lee Manigault Mrs. Patti Manigault Dr. G. Alex Marsh Mr. Miles Martschink Dr. and Mrs. Brem Mayer Rudolph and Beverly Mayer Mr. and Mrs. Francis X. McCann Mrs. Frank M. McClain Pat F. and Suzanne C. McGarity

Live Oak Society

Dr. Eloise Bradham and Dr. Mark George Ms. Amy Bunting Ethel-Jane Westfeldt Bunting Foundation Bob and Cris Cain Mr. and Mrs. Charles A. Carson, Jr. Mr. T. Heyward Carter III Mr. Anthony Cecil Clement Crawford and Thornhill, Inc Mr. Elliott S. Close Coastal Expeditions Mr. and Mrs. James Coker Mr. and Mrs. Edward E. Crawford Nancy and Steve Cregg Dr. and Mrs. Richard L. Cross Mr. and Mrs. Wade C. Crow Mr. Hal Currey and Ms. Margaret Schachte Mrs. Mary C. Cutler Mr. and Mrs. Richard M. Cutler, Jr. Jane Tucker Dana and David D. Aufhauser Mr. R. Gordon Darby Mrs. Jane Blair Bunting Darnell Ms. Rebecca R. Davenport The Arthur Vining Davis Foundations Michael and Megan Desrosiers Ms. Elizabeth Deyermond and Mr. Paul Zeisler Mr. and Mrs. P. Steven Dopp Mr. and Mrs. F. Reed Dulany, Jr. T. Truxtun Emerson Family Fund of the Fidelity Charitable Gift Fund Ms. Margaret D. Fabri Mr. and Mrs. George W. Fennell Mr. Scott Fennell Mr. Charles Fetter Dr. and Mrs. Gary E. Fink Dr. and Mrs. Philip A. Finley Mrs. Emory K. Floyd Mr. and Mrs. James C. Fort Rev. and Mrs. David Fort Mr. and Mrs. Lawrence T. Foster Mr. and Mrs. Robert L. Freeman Mr. and Mrs. George W. Gephart, Jr. Mr. and Mrs. W. Andrew Gowder, Jr. Mr. Lincoln Groom Mrs. Marjorie T. Groom Dr. and Mrs. Richard C. Hagerty Mr. and Mrs. D. Maybank Hagood Blair and Nancy Hahn Mr. and Mrs. Richard T. Hale Mr. and Mrs. Kenneth W. Harrell Mr. and Mrs. Andrew L. Hawkins Mr. and Mrs. Richard K. Heusel Mr. and Mrs. James H. Hoffman Mrs. Robert Huffman Mr. Patrick Ilderton Holly Jensen and Marty Morganello Mr. and Mrs. John Phillip Kassebaum Dr. William Kee Dr. and Mrs. John J. Keyser Mrs. Harriet Keyserling Mr. and Mrs. Bruce W. Kienke Mr. and Mrs. Paul Kimball Mr. and Mrs. Eric Klein Mrs. Hugh C. Lane Bob and Jackie Lane Ms. Jane E. Lareau Dr. Franklin Lee David Lyle and Anne Aaron-Lyle Magnolia Plantation Foundation Mike and JoAnne Marcell Mr. and Mrs. William F. Marscher II Mr. and Mrs. Charles K. Marshall John F. & Susan B. McNamara Fund of the Fidelity Charitable Gift Fund Mr. and Mrs. Michael G. McShane Mr. P.O. Mead III Kincaid and Allison Mills Mr. and Mrs. Edward C. Mitchell, Jr. Mr. and Mrs. M. Lane Morrison

Thank You! Mr. and Mrs. James D. McGraw Mr. and Mrs. Earl McMillen III Mr. and Mrs. John A. Mills III Mr. and Mrs. John M. Mirsky Mr. Michael Mitchell and Ms. Jamie Snyder Mrs. Mary Alice Monroe and Dr. Markus Kruesi Mr. Hugh C. Morrison Mr. and Mrs. C. Lawrence Murphy Mr. and Mrs. Frank W. Norvell Norvell Real Estate Group, LLC Dr. and Mrs. Alan I. Nussbaum Ogden Family Fund of the Summit Area Public Foundation Mr. and Mrs. Robert M. Ogilvie Dr. and Mrs. J. David Osguthorpe Mr. and Mrs. Coleman C. Owens Mr. Lucas C. Padgett Dr. and Mrs. B. Daniel Paysinger Mr. John E. Perry Ms. Cynthia Powell Mr. Frank W. Rambo Mr. and Mrs. Ernest L. Ransome III The Honorable Arthur Ravenel, Jr. Mr. and Mrs. Thomas R. Rensberry

Dr. and Mrs. James C. Reynolds Dr. Georgia C. Roane Mr. and Mrs. Cliff H. Rusch Dr. and Mrs. Mark H. Salley Mr. Richard B. Saxon Mr. and Mrs. M. W. Schenck P. Gren Schoch Dickie and Mary Schweers Sea Biscuit Café Dr. Sally E. Self Mr. Grant G. Simmons, Jr. Dr. and Mrs. William M. Simpson, Jr. Mr. G. Dana Sinkler Dr. Cynthia P. Smith Mr. and Mrs. Gary Smith Mr. and Mrs. Henry B. Smythe, Jr. Dr. and Mrs. J. Richard Sosnowski Col. and Mrs. Walter C. Stanton Summit Area Public Foundation The Surkin Family Charitable Fund of the Schwab Charitable Fund The Sywolski Family Charitable Fund of the Vanguard Charitable Endowment Program Mr. and Mrs. Thomas Terebus

The Barker Welfare Foundation Mr. Landon K. Thorne III Mr. and Mrs. F. David Trickey Tom Uffelman and Patty Bennett United Way of the Piedmont Mr. and Mrs. Charles Webb Sally Webb Ms. Barbara L. Welch Dr. and Mrs. James D. Wells Ms. Sheila Wertimer and Mr. Gary Gruca Mr. and Mrs. Frederick H. West Mr. William Westerkam and Ms. Kirsten Lackstrom Alison Whetstone Mr. Roger White and Dr. Deanna Jackson Dr. Dara H. Wilber Ms. Margaret A. Williams Mr. B. F. Williamson Mr. and Mrs. John Winthrop Dr. Henry P. Worrell Ms. Martha C. Worthy

NEW AND RENEWING MEMBERSHIPS May 1, 2007 – August 31, 2007 SPECIAL GIFTS

Anonymous (1) Ms. Molly H. Ball Mr. and Mrs. Robert J. Beattie Mr. Arthur K. Cates Mr. and Mrs. Jamie W. Constance Mr. and Mrs. Lawrence David Dwyer Mr. Robert F. Furchgott Mr. and Mrs. John F. Green Mr. and Mrs. Kenneth Hiler James Island Charter High School Interact Club Keep Chechessee Rural Alliance Mr. and Mrs. Richards C. Lewis, Jr. Mr. and Mrs. Cisco Lindsey Mr. and Mrs. William M. Matthew Ms. Cynthia Powell Mr. and Mrs. Alexander Quattlebaum III Quattlebaum Brothers, L.L.C. Mr. and Mrs. Scott Quattlebaum Mr. Charles S. Ragsdale Mr. and Mrs. T. Smith Ragsdale III Dr. Judy A. Shillito Harriet Smartt Dr. Jay H. Stokes, Jr.

ADVOCATE ($250 - $499)

Anonymous (1) Ms. Kate B. Adams Mr. and Mrs. Robert L. Anderson Mr. and Mrs. James J. Bailey Dr. R. Randy Basinger Virginia and Dana Beach Mr. and Mrs. Nigel Bowers Mr. and Mrs. Hardwick H. Burr Mr. and Mrs. Bill Burson Alyssondra Campaigne Mr. R. R. M. Carpenter Dr. and Mrs. Richard H. Costner Dr. and Mrs. William F. Crosswell Mrs. Nadine Darby Mr. and Mrs. Timothy G. Dargan Curtis and Arianna Derrick Mr. and Mrs. James K. Dias Dr. and Mrs. Perry W. Durant Mr. Todd Fairfax Feldmann Family Fund of the Fidelity Charitable Gift Fund

Ms. Cindy Floyd and Mr. Pete Laurie Mr. Robert F. Furchgott Mr. J. Lee Gastley Mary Jane Gorman Ms. Mary Louise Graff Mr. and Mrs. Richard B. Grimball Dr. Gail J. Guzzo Mr. and Mrs. C. J. Hammet, Sr. Ms. Janis C. Hammett Mr. and Mrs. William R. Hare Mr. Richard F. Hendry Mr. and Mrs. George Hilton Historic Charleston Foundation Mr. and Mrs. Robert M. Hollings, Jr. Ms. Nancy Houser Nora Kravec and Charles Cyr Mr. and Mrs. Jonathan S. Kusko Mr. and Mrs. Douglas B. Lee Mr. and Mrs. Jon P. Liles Mrs. Caroline A. Lord Timothy J. Lyons, M.D. Mrs. Octavia M. Mahon Dr. and Mrs. Michael A. Maginnis Jacki Martin Ms. Christie McGregor Mr. Jeffrey Nesmith Mr. and Mrs. William D. Nettles, Jr. Mr. and Mrs. Paul T. Palmer, Jr. Mr. and Mrs. Robert M. Prioleau Lydia Engelhardt, M.D. and Bill Rambo, M.D. Ms. Heather Spires Mr. and Mrs. Franklin H. Spivey Ms. Louise A. Steffens Mr. and Mrs. John J. Tecklenburg Drs. Christine and C. Murry Thompson, Jr. Mr. and Mrs. William Foxworth Thompson Mr. and Mrs. Norman Walsh Billy Want and Sharon Bennett Mr. and Mrs. Kurt O. Wassen Mr. and Mrs. Edward J. Westbrook Ms. Carolee Williams and Mr. Douglas James Mr. and Mrs. Benjamin F. Williamson Mr. and Mrs. D. Mark Wilson Mr. and Mrs. Eric S. Zolman

CONTRIBUTOR ($100 - $249)

Anonymous (2) Dr. David B. Adams Mr. and Mrs. Herbert B. Ailes Ameriprise Financial Employee Giving Campaign Mr. Thomas Angell Ms. Katharine W. Bacon Col. Frances G. Ballentine, Jr. Ms. Jean R. Ballentine Mrs. Mary L. Ballou Mrs. Mario D. Banus Mr. and Mrs. Scott Y. Barnes Barrier Island Eco Tours Vickie O. Baumann Mr. S. Stiles Bee III Mr. Edgar A. Bergholtz Mr. Charles J. Bethea Ms. Laura Ann Blake-Orr Ms. Nancy Bloodgood Mr. and Mrs. Jonathan B. Blossom Mr. and Mrs. John D. Bowe Ms. Evelyn Bowler Mr. and Mrs. Douglas Bowling Dr. Eloise A. Bradham Mr. and Mrs. Frank J. Brand II Mr. and Mrs. J. E. Bresnahan Mr. and Mrs. Eric Brown Ms. Brenda Burbage Mr. Malcolm Burgis Ms. Barbara H. Burwell

Ms. Paula W. Byers Ms. Ann Campbell-Lord Ms. Cornelia Carrier Mr. Frank B. Cates Mr. and Mrs. George K. Chastain Mr. and Mrs. David Clark James C. Cochrane Dr. and Mrs. Alexander H. Cohen Mr. and Mrs. Richard T. Cohen Mr. and Mrs. Robert L. Cook, Jr. Mr. and Mrs. Robert Corning Mr. David S. Cox and Dr. Pamela Cox Jutte Mr. and Mrs. John T. Crawford Mr. and Mrs. David A. Creech Mr. and Mrs. Frank J. Dana Mr. David L. Daniel Mr. Reggie F. Daves Ms. Susan G. Dickson Ms. Martha Browning Dicus Ms. Mary Douglass and Mr. Tom Jones Mr. Charles H. Drayton Mr. Michael Ebert Mr. and Mrs. Michael R. Eddy Dr. John Emmel and Ms. Deborah Gessert Mr. C. R. Ewing Mr. Marion Tryon Face Ms. Angie C. Flanagan Ms. Joan M. Fort Dr. Nathan P. Fredrick Dr. Sidney Gauthreaux and Ms. Carroll Belser

Double the Difference! Want to help the Conservation League? Ask a friend or neighbor to join now. There isn’t a greater time to DOUBLE THE DIFFERENCE in protecting our beautiful coastal plains. A very generous anonymous donor has offered the League a $15,000 matching grant, through the Coastal Community Foundation. For each New Member dollar, they will match a dollar. New neighbor, new club member, new friend? Introduce them to the League and DOUBLE THE DIFFERENCE! Share your newsletter or send them to the Web site to join online.

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Thank You! IRA Charity Tax Break Expires December 31st Are you 70 ½ years of age or older? If you are, or will be before December 31st, you may make a tax-free, “qualified charitable distribution” (QDC) from your IRA of up to $100,000 to the Coastal Conservation League thanks to the 2006 Pension Protection Act. Not only will you benefit CCL, but the gift will also count towards your required minimum distribution. Your IRA custodian must send the funds directly to CCL, so be sure to discuss the details with your financial advisor . . . and Thank You ! Dr. Donald Gordon and Dr. April Gordon Mr. and Mrs. Paul R. Hadley Mrs. Robert Hall Ms. Robin L. Hardin Dr. and Mrs. Julian R. Harrison Mr. John Hartz Mr. and Mrs. J. Drayton Hastie, Jr. Mrs. Eaddy W. Hayes Mr. and Mrs. Michael E. Hazard Mr. and Mrs. Brian R. Hill Mr. and Mrs. Paul G. Hines Mr. and Mrs. David G. Hodges Mr. and Mrs. F. J. Hodges Mr. S. G. House Mrs. Dorothy R. Huggins Mr. and Mrs. Alan S. Humphreys, Jr. Islandscape Landscaping Mr. George Ivey Ms. Dale McElveen Jaeger Mr. Robert A. Kaplan Mr. and Mrs. Alexander Kasman Ms. Joyce Keegan Mr. and Mrs. Gordon Kiddoo Mrs. Lou Elise White Kimbrell Dr. and Mrs. E. Peter King Mr. and Mrs. Edward King Ms. Julia Krebs and Mr. Roger Hux Ms. Nancy M. Kreml Senator and Mrs. John R. Kuhn Mr. and Mrs. Will H. Lacey III Mr. and Mrs. Eric Lacy Mr. Harley F. Laing Mr. and Mrs. William E. Latture Mr. and Mrs. Robert E. Lee Mr. and Mrs. John W. Leffler Mr. William Lesesne Mr. and Mrs. William S. Logan Lowcountry Companion Mr. and Mrs. W. Gordon Lyle, Jr. Dr. and Mrs. Thomas P. Lynch Mr. and Mrs. Tom Mack Mr. and Mrs. Ward D. MacKenzie Mr. Mark McConnel and Mr. Darryl Phillips Ms. Jamie Young McCulloch Ms. Eileen Mary McGuffie Dr. and Mrs. Thomas W. McKee Dr. and Mrs. Quincy A. McNeil, Jr. Mr. John W. Meffert Mr. James B. Miller Mr. and Mrs. David F. Mims Mr. and Mrs. Boulton D. Mohr Mr. Warren Moise Dr. and Mrs. Joseph C. Moore, Jr. Mr. Gerald G. Muckenfuss Mr. and Mrs. John Muench Mr. and Mrs. Ernest W. Nance Justin Nathanson Mr. and Mrs. Robert Nevin Mr. and Mrs. Lee F. Nicholson Ms. Hadley A. Owen Roy Owen and Sue McClinton

Mr. and Mrs. David J. Painter Mrs. Eleanor H. Parker Mr. and Mrs. William F. Pennebaker Lindsey Peterson Ms. Jennifer Phillips Mr. and Mrs. George B. Post, Jr. Dr. and Mrs. Jan H. Postma, Jr. Mrs. Delia Pridgen Mr. John L. Quigley, Jr. Ms. Cheryl Randall Dr. and Mrs. John H. Rashford Mr. John W. Ray Mr. and Mrs. Robert P. Rebhan Dr. and Mrs. George B. Richardson Mr. and Mrs. Ronald Ritchie Mr. and Mrs. Henry F. Rivers, Jr. Mr. and Mrs. Harold E. Robling Mr. and Mrs. Steven Rosenzweig Mr. Legrand A. Rouse II Mr. and Mrs. Daniel K. Schiffer Mr. Allyn W. Schneider Dr. Judy A. Shillito Mr. and Mrs. Sedgwick L. Simons Mr. and Mrs. C. Harwin Smith Mr. James C. Spears, Jr. Mrs. Mandi D. St. John Dr. and Mrs. Stephen E. Stancyk Mr. and Mrs. Alvin Strasburger Mr. and Mrs. Arch W. Templeton Dr. and Mrs. David J. Tennenbaum Louis and Jane Theiling Mr. and Mrs. William H. Thomas Mr. William V. Turner Mr. John F. Van Dalen Ms. Joan Vander Arend Mr. and Mrs. Samuel D. Watson Mr. Alex Webel Mr. and Mrs. Rick Weddle Oscar and Amy Weinmeister and Family Mr. and Mrs. John A. Wells III Mr. David Wethey and Ms. Sarah Woodin Mr. Preston J. Whetstone Mr. and Mrs. Alfred White Ms. Kari R. Whitley Margaret T. Williamson Ms. Wendy Wilson Ms. Laura S. Witham Mrs. Amelia K. Wood

SUPPORTER ($50 - $99)

Anonymous (1) AgSouth Farm Credit Mr. and Mrs. Donald M. Allen Mr. and Mrs. Lewis R. Amis Ms. Betheyne J. Arp Dr. and Mrs. Charles J. Austin Mr. Joseph Azar Keller and Bill Barron Ms. Sheila L. Beardsley Mr. and Mrs. James R. Bergen

Mr. and Mrs. Robert E. Berretta Mrs. Wendy Blackburn Ms. Margaret Bobo Drs. William and Sallie Boggs Mr. John H. Boineau Mr. and Mrs. Barry M. Bonk Mr. and Mrs. John S. Bracken Mr. Alfred V. Brown, Jr. Mr. and Mrs. Don M. Brown Dr. and Mrs. W. M. Bryan, Jr. Mr. John R. Busher Mrs. Angie Y. Calhoun Mr. David Camp Joe and Damaris Cardisco Ms. Terry Carson and Mr. Michael Scruggs Ms. Lynn C. Chiappone Mr. and Mrs. Richard E. Clapp Mrs. Linda Cobb Nathan Conkle Ms. Pam Creech Daniel Island Mortgage, Inc. Mrs. M. Penelope Davis Mr. and Mrs. P. Michael Davis Mr. Thomas Davis, Jr. Mr. Andrew R. de Holl Mr. and Mrs. Joseph C. Debrux Dr. and Mrs. F. Carl Derrick, III Mr. and Mrs. Robert L. Dieter Mr. and Mrs. George N. Dorn, Jr. Capt. Robert A. Doyle USMC Carol Draeger Ms. Valerie Durkalski and Mr. Patrick Mauldin Paula Edwards Mr. John Eveleigh Ms. Emily M. Ferrara Mr. Charles E. Foster Mr. and Mrs. Harold I. Fox Mr. E. Douglas Franklin Mr. Gordon E. Gale Gwylene Gaulart and Jean-Marie Maliclet Mr. Andrew Geer Dr. Rew A. Godow, Jr. Mr. and Mrs. Leslie Grady, Jr. Mr. W. Ford Graham Mr. and Mrs. Bob Greaves Mr. Robert Gurley Mr. Barry L. Hainer Mr. Todd A. Hancock Mr. Stephen Hanson Harbor City Real Estate Advisors, LLC Mr. and Mrs. Jeff Harter Ms. Connie Haskell Mr. and Mrs. William B. Hassell Mr. and Mrs. Henry C. Hearn III Mr. and Mrs. Marc Hehn Mr. and Mrs. Bennett L. Helms Linda and Tom Hennessey Mr. and Mrs. Robert K. Higgins, Jr. Mr. J. B. Hines III Mrs. Elizabeth Hoefer Mr. T. Lee Howard Mr. and Mrs. William H. Hulse Mr. and Mrs. Harry C. Hutson, Jr. Ms. Caroline Hyman Ms. Joanna Stewart Jenkins Gerrit J. Jobsis and Vicki L. Bunnell Dr. and Mrs. Carl A. Johnson James J. Jowers, Jr. Matt and Cindy Kearney Susan C. Kilpatrick Mr. and Mrs. George S. King, Jr. Mr. and Mrs. Randolph W. Kirkland Ms. Pam Kylstra Mrs. Anna S. Lacher Dr. Jim Lancaster Ms. Beverly G. Lane Dr. and Mrs. Pearon G. Lang Ms. Jenny C. Lawing

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D. H. Robinson, M.D. and J. W. Lawther, Ph.D Mr. and Mrs. Ralph E. Lee Mr. and Mrs. Walter K. Lewis, Jr. Dr. and Mrs. R. P. Linker Dr. I. Grier Linton, Jr. Mr. and Mrs. Langdon D. Long Ms. Madge G. Major Robert Malone Ms. Jean E. Manning Ms. Helen R. Marine Mrs. Evelyn C. Marion Mr. and Mrs. J. Quitman Marshall III Mr. Joshua Martin Mr. Frederick F. Masad Mrs. Elizabeth G. Matthew Mr. and Mrs. Marshall T. Mays Mr. John W. McCord Dr. and Mrs. Kelly T. McKee Mr. and Mrs. Scott McNair Mr. and Mrs. Joseph S. Mendelsohn Mrs. Gwen Mettlen Mr. C.E. Miller, Jr. Dr. Page Putnam Miller Mr. and Mrs. Alvin E. Milliken, Jr. Mrs. Jean F. Moody Mr. and Mrs. Patrick Moore Mr. and Mrs. Arthur S. Morgenstern Ms. Elizabeth Mullin Susan and Kelly Murphy Mr. Bruce A. Nelson Mr. Walter A. Notton and Mrs. Linnea Rogers-Notton Mr. and Mrs. D. Henry Ohlandt Mrs. Hierome L. Opie Mr. and Mrs. Archie W. Outlaw Mr. and Mrs. Matthew D. Pardieck Mr. Douglas C. Pasley, Jr. Mr. and Mrs. Stanley L. Pauls Dr. Michael M. Perkins Mr. and Mrs. Jim Pierson Mr. Samuel R. Putnam, Jr. Mr. and Mrs. Peter B. Read Mr. and Mrs. Theodore H. Reading II Ms. Margaret Ridge Mr. and Mrs. Robert R. Rigler Ms. Jeanne B. Robinson Mr. and Mrs. Frederich E. Roitzsch Mr. Stephen Rothrock and Ms. Karen Nickless Capt. and Mrs. E. M. Russell, Jr. Mr. Edward K. Sanders Mr. and Mrs. Raymond C. Sawyer Mr. and Mrs. Harry Scott Mr. and Mrs. Laurence M. Scoville, Jr. Mr. James D. Scurry Mr. Anton J. Sedalik III Mrs. Gertrude O. Seibels Mr. and Mrs. Michael J. Senneway Mr. John M. Shaffer Dr. and Mrs. Harry E. Shealy, Jr. Mr. and Mrs. James D. Sine Mr. and Mrs. Bruce E. Skidmore Harriet Smartt Mr. Harry F. Smithson Mr. Andrew H. Sohor Mr. and Mrs. John M. Spence III Mr. M. S. Steedley Ms. Mary E. Steimen Mr. and Mrs. Robert D. Stoothoff Mr. Charles Story Mr. and Mrs. Dean E. Swanson Ms. Tonnia K. Switzer Mr. and Mrs. Gary D. Tasker Mr. Stephen C. Thomas Mr. Donald W. Thompson Mr. Arthur L. Titus Dr. Ann Truesdale and Mr. James Truesdale Ms. Sally Tuten and Mr. Y. S. Linder Ms. Carol Tuynman and Mr. Brian Hedges

Thank You! HONOR/MEMORIALS

REGULAR ($30 - $49)

Mr. and Mrs. Charles Agee Ms. Elizabeth Anderson and Mr. Paul Nurnberg Mr. Tom Anderson Mr. Andrew D. Annand Dr. George Aull Mr. and Mrs. William F. Aull Mrs. George C. Avent Mr. Weldon P. Barker Ms. Evelyn J. Berner Mr. George S. Betsill Mr. and Mrs. John H. Blanchard Ms. Karen A. Bostian Mr. and Mrs. Richard V. Bronk Mr. and Mrs. David K. Brown Mr. and Mrs. Michael S. Bunting Mr. and Mrs. Walter C. Calhoun Mr. Mario F. Canelon Mr. Wayne J. Cannon Mr. Glenn P. Churchill Mr. and Mrs. Ronald E. Claypool Mr. Michael Cline and Ms. Jennifer Mathis Mrs. Kathleen M. Coats Colliers Keenan Mrs. Frances M. Cone Mrs. Jeannette M. Cooper Mr. and Mrs. Michael D. Coward Mr. Harry J. Crow, Jr. Mr. Emmett Dalton Mr. and Mrs. Morris K. Deason Dr. George H. Debusk, Jr. Mr. and Mrs. Robert J. Dehoney Mr. Walter M. Dunlap Dr. James R. Edinger Luanne Elliott Dr. Frances L. Elmore Miss Martha Ervin Mr. Dennis Ferguson Ms. Mary Fetscher Mrs. Pat Finch Ed Forrest and Eileen Fitzgerald Mr. and Mrs. J. Stanley Frick

IN KIND DONATIONS

Ms. Harriette S. Gantt Ms. Karen H. Gentry Mr. and Mrs. Paul A. Gravil Mr. James H. Gressette, Jr. Michael and Jacqueline Grubb Mr. and Mrs. Gilbert S. Guinn Ms. Frances A. Guyton Ms. Leola A. Hanbury Mr. and Mrs. G. Preston Hipp Mr. William J. Holling Mr. and Mrs. Guy R. Hollister Mr. Gregory R. Homza Mr. and Mrs. Gary M. Hook Mr. and Mrs. Benjamin A. Hough Dr. and Mrs. Robert L. Janiskee Mr. David B. Jennings Mr. and Mrs. Anthony P. Keinath Mrs. Caroline W. Kellett Mr. and Mrs. Bucky Knowlton, Jr. Ms. Margaret E. Lee Mr. and Mrs. Richard Lehnhoff Mr. J. S. Lewis Mr. and Mrs. Richards C. Lewis, Jr. Jane B. Locke Mr. and Mrs. Robert Long Mrs. Ellen Lovelady Mr. and Mrs. Christopher M. Luper Mr. and Mrs. Matt McIntosh Mr. Robert B. Miller Cynthia P Mizzell Mr. Charles H. Moorefield Dr. and Mrs. David S. Moorefield Dr. and Mrs. P. Clay Motley, Jr. Ms. Annie Mueller Mr. Gerald W. Musselman Mr. and Mrs. Rowland L. Neale II Mr. and Mrs. Leon S. Niegelsky Mr. Edward F. Nolan, Jr. Ms. Kathleen H. Nolan Ms. Karen Nugent Ms. Mary M. O’Connell Mr. Karl F. Ohlandt Ms. Jean L. Osborne Ms. Leslie Pierce Ms. Elizabeth Popoff Ms. Patricia Powers Mr. Justin J. Price Mr. William Y. W. Ripley Ms. Mary L. Breazeale Roe Mr. and Mrs. Kenneth J. Scott Mr. Wayne S. Severance Mr. Thomas W. Simmons Mr. and Mrs. Alfred Smith Mr. and Mrs. Eric E. Smith Mr. and Mrs. Gerald M. Smith Ms. Lillian Anne H. Smith Mr. and Mrs. William D. Smyth

MATCHING GIFTS

Central Carolina Community Foundation Dr. and Mrs. Richard M. Lawson

Community Foundation of Greater Greenville, Inc. Jim Gilreath Family Fund

GIFTS OF MEMBERSHIP

Coastal Community Foundation Amanda’s Fund Anonymous Fund William M. Bird & Co. Endowment The Colbert Family Fund

Dr. and Mrs. Fritz Gitter for Ms. Renee Finley

In Memory of Nic Barnett Mrs. Vola M. Whitcomb In Honor of Penny and Bill Barrett Mr. and Mrs. Jonathan S. Kusko In Memory of Mrs. Betty Brown Cain Mrs. Octavia M. Mahon In Memory of Mr. and Mrs. Andrew Christian Mr. and Mrs. Henry C. Hutson In Memory of Mrs. Virginia W. Christian Mrs. John H. Cronly Mrs. George M. Grimball Mrs. Robert J. Keller III

Anonymous (2) Dr. and Mrs. Randy L. Akers Ms. Kelly L. Arbuckle Mr. Francis Beach Mr. and Mrs. David H. Brophy Ms. Sarah Cech Ms. Helen Charbonneau Ms. Magdalyn P. Duffie Mr. Brian Falls Mr. Ruston Forrester Mr. Gregory D. Guay Beth Hughes Mr. Billy Ingram Mr. Arnold B. Jackson Mr. and Mrs. R. Eugene Jones Mr. Paul Kadlecik Eliza A. Keith Ms. Ann W. Kirby Mr. and Mrs. Marion A. Knox Mr. and Mrs. Thomas Leahy Mr. Roger R. Lebel Dr. Katherine C. Lundy Mr. Ronald W. McKinney Mrs. Dorothy Minotti Ms. Patricia K. O’Connor Mr. David S. Parsons Ms. Margaret A. Phillips Ms. Sherri Rowan Warren and Betty Ann Slesinger Mr. William A. Smith, Jr. Carling N. Sothoron Ms. Emily Tavrides Marga and Merrick Teichman Mr. Taylor Thomas Ms. Amanda G. Watson Ms. Elizabeth Wendt Mr. and Mrs. James M. Williams

COMMUNITY FOUNDATIONS

The Freddie Mac Foundation The Prudential Foundation Matching Gifts The Barker Welfare Foundation

Mr. J. S. Lewis for Matthew Lewis Ms. Jennifer Mifeck for Georg and Jo Ann Mifeck Mrs. Hilary Rieck for Mrs. Maeomee Devos Alison Whetstone for Jeremiah Evers

In Memory of Mrs. Peter Aspinal Mrs. Octavia M. Mahon

STUDENT ($15 - $29)

The Ketner Fund Harriet and Herbert Keyserling Endowment Elizabeth C. Rivers Lewine Endowment Owen McClinton Family Fund The Millbrook Fund Joanne and Alan Moses Fund Joan Coulter Pittman Fund

Cathy Forrester – At Home To Go Coastal Expeditions Earth Fare Mystic Vibrations Palmetto Brewing Company Raval Sesame Sewee Outpost

In Honor of Mr. and Mrs. Jeffrey Anderson Kurt and Erin Culbert

Mr. James F. Snyder Mr. William W. Struthers Gretchen and Chris Tate Judy Timmons Mrs. Barbara W. Titus Mr. William C. Twitty, P.E. Mr. and Mrs. John L. Vaughan Mr. James T. Vaughn Mr. Brad Walbeck Mr. and Mrs. Samuel Watson Mr. Francis A. Wayne, Jr. Dr. and Mrs. Steve R. White Ms. Marian C. Winner Mr. and Mrs. Alvin A. Wisco Mr. and Mrs. Richard Yost Mrs. Noel C. Young Mr. Rob Young

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In Honor of Mr. William C. Cleveland Mr. and Mrs. Randal M. Robinson In Memory of Mr. Richard S. Emmet Mrs. Mary C. Everts In Memory of Mrs. Emily H. Fishburne Mrs. Octavia M. Mahon In Memory of Dr. Dale Groom Mrs. Marjorie T. Groom Mr. Lincoln Groom In Memory of Mrs. Amarinthia Henderson Anonymous (1) Ms. Jean H. Berry Dallas L. Garbee Staff of LS3P Associates Ltd. In Memory of Mr. Robert R. Huffman Mr. and Mrs. Henry C. Hutson In Celebration of the Birth of Eliza Foster Ladd Ms. Jennie Williamson In Honor of Ms. Jane E. Lareau Mr. and Mrs. Kenneth P. Daniels In Memory of Ashby McElveen Mrs. Octavia M. Mahon In Memory of Mr. Neil Moses Mrs. Octavia M. Mahon In Memory of Mrs. Alice H. Peterson Mrs. Octavia M. Mahon In Memory of Mr. Ted A. Phillips, Jr. Ms. Janet Hopkins In Memory of Mr. Frank Rhett, Jr. Mr. Alan Silverman and Ms. Gretchen Freeman In Memory of Barbara B. Tison Mrs. Octavia M. Mahon

Nora Kravec

Brien and Beverly Varnado Mr. and Mrs. Leo F. Vogel Elise Wallace Ms. Mary Walter Dr. and Mrs. Robert M. Weir Mr. and Mrs. Robert A. Weise Mr. and Mrs. Hans J. Wiegert Ms. Mary Theresa Wightman Dr. and Mrs. Hugh T. Wilder Ms. Caitlin M. Winans Ms. Ellen H. Wright Mr. Shemuel Ben Yisrael

Conference Ethical, Cultural, and Civic Dimensions of

Global Climate Change November 28th, 9:00 am - 3:00 pm • Francis Marion Hotel Ballroom, Charleston, S.C. Government at Harvard University. Wes Jackson is the founding president of the Land Institute in Salina, Kansas where he and his staff have conducted research that promotes sustainable agriculture. An advocate of sustainable energy, Jackson’s books include Altars of Unhewn Stone: Science and the Earth (1987) and Becoming Native to This Place (1996). Sponsored by The Center for Humans and Nature, the center's President, Strachan Donnelley, and Dana Beach, Executive Director of the Coastal Conservation League, will also make presentations during the forum. Space is limited. To register for this event, contact William Bailey, Program Manager, Center for Humans and Nature, SC Lowcountry Initiative at wbailey@sc.edu or 803-777-1587. Jane Lareau

Don’t miss this rare opportunity to spend the day in a discussion on the philosophical analysis of climate change with three national conservation leaders: Bill McKibben began his professional writing career at The New Yorker. A prolific author and writer-in-residence at Middlebury College, his work includes The End of Nature (1989), an early account of the imminent dangers of global warming, and most recently Deep Economy: The Wealth of Communities and the Durable Future (2007). Robert Corell is Global Change Director at the H. John Heinz, III Center for Science, Economics, and the Environment in Washington, D.C. He has served as a Senior Policy Fellow at the American Meteorological Society and a Senior Research Fellow at the Kennedy School of

The mission of the Coastal Conservation League is to protect the natural environment of the South Carolina coastal plain and to enhance the quality of life of our communities by working with individuals, businesses and government to ensure balanced solutions. For more information about the Coastal Conservation League, check out our Web site at www.CoastalConservationLeague.org

MARK YOUR CALENDARS

Nov. 28th: Global Climate Change Conference Call Membership Director Nancy Cregg at 723-8035, ext. 1103, for details.

P.O. Box 1765

Nov. 14th: Beaufort Air Station Environmental Tour

Charleston, S.C. 29402-1765

Nov. 3rd: Angel Oak Afternoon

Fall 2007

Published on Feb 15, 2017

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