Spring 2017

SPRING 2017

C OA S TA L

CO NS E R V A T I O N LEAGUE

9 Growing Solar n 12 Legislative Lowdown n 16 Rethinking the Crosstown n

SPRING 2017 VOL. 28 • NO. 1

Offices Charleston

328 East Bay Street Charleston, SC 29401 843.723.8035

Dana Beach, Executive Director

Columbia

Programs

1202 Main Street, 3rd Floor Columbia, SC 29201 803.771.7102/803.758.5800

Lisa Turansky, Chief Conservation Officer Emily Cedzo, Air, Water & Public Health Project Manager Jason Crowley, Land Use Project Manager Caitie Forde-Smith, Communications Associate Alan Hancock, Communications Director Andy Hollis, Data Analyst Eddy Moore, Energy Program Director Natalie Olson, Land Use Program Director and Staff Attorney Katie Zimmerman, Air, Water & Public Health Program Director

Beaufort

1212 King Street Beaufort, SC 29902 843.522.1800

Georgetown

709-B Front Street Georgetown, SC 29442 843.545.0403

SOUTH COAST Kate Parks Schaefer, Office Director Rikki Parker, Project Manager

COLUMBIA Merrill McGregor, Director of Government Relations Kenneth Sercy, Utility Regulation Specialist

GrowFood Carolina 990 Morrison Drive Charleston, SC 29403 843.727.0091

GrowFood Carolina

Sara Clow, General Manager Jackson Cauthen, Inventory and Delivery Jessica Diaz, Sales and Marketing Manager Nina Foy, Sales and Marketing Associate Benton Montgomery, Operations Manager Alison Pierce, Sales and Marketing Jake Sadler, Farm Coordinator James Vardell, Inventory and Distribution Becca Watson, Quality Assurance Specialist

Development

Nancy Appel, Director of Development Kristy Collins, Membership & Events Manager Shannyn Smith, Senior Development Officer

Administration

Tina Allen, Chief Financial Officer Erin Crouse, Accounting and Compliance Manager Christine Gallina, Administrative Assistant Jeanne Snell, Bookkeeper/Office Manager

Board of Directors Margot T. Rose, Chair Johnston C. Adams Joel A. Berly III Daniel W. Boone III Ceara Donnelley P. Steven Dopp Katharine Hastie Cynthia Kellogg Deborah Kennedy Kennard Jeff Leath Pierre Manigault Jim McNab Lee Richards Richard Schmaltz Charles M. Tarver John Thompson David Westerlund Stephen Zoukis

Magazine

Dana Beach

Lisa Turansky, Editor Caitie Forde-Smith, Assistant Editor Julie Frye, Design

COVER IMAGE: Ibises over the Charleston Harbor Photograph by Dana Beach

FROM THE DIRECTOR

WAR AGAINST THE CITY

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t sounded like a good idea at the time.

The groundwork was laid in the late 19th century by the “Good Roads Movement,” led by the League of American Wheelmen, advocating paved roads to support travel on a newfangled invention called the bicycle. In 1908, the first Model T rolled off the production line at the affordable (for some) price of $825. Adjusted for inflation, that’s slightly more than $20,000 today. Ten years later, the Allies signed the Treaty of Versailles with Germany, ending World War I. Combined, these events facilitated a revolution in transportation for military and civilian purposes, dependent on the creation of a national system of paved roads. Over the course of a century, the construction of this network would far exceed any public works initiative in human history.

Congress first approved substantial funding for a federal highway program in 1921. In 1922, General John R. Pershing presented a plan for 20,000 miles of highways necessary for national defense.

Thus began three decades of work on a grid of highways across America, connecting towns and cities throughout the country.

In 1955, Charles Erwin Wilson, the head of General Motors who served as Secretary of Defense under President Eisenhower, helped develop the framework for what became the Interstate Highway System.

Funding was authorized by the Federal Aid Highway Act of 1956.

Concerns about the unintended consequences of highways surfaced early on. In 1930, Benton MacKaye–forester, planner and the founder of the Appalachian Trail–and urban scholar Lewis Mumford wrote an article in The New Republic calling for “townless highways” and “highwayless towns.” MacKaye and Mumford were alarmed by the dual prospects that highways constructed in cities would destroy the civility and function of urban life, while uncontrolled highway construction in the countryside would lead to the development of “motor slums” (which we now call “urban sprawl”).

South Carolina Department of Transportation surveyors on Hanover Street, circa 1963.

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“Ignoring MacKaye and Mumford’s call for highwayless towns, cities across America mobilized to build interstates everywhere, including into the hearts of cities.”

(top) U.S. Geological Survey map of northeast Charleston peninsula in 1958. (bottom) U.S. Geological Survey map of the area in 1994, post I-26 and Crosstown Expressway construction.

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MacKaye and Mumford represented a tiny minority calling for prudence and caution in the highway arena.

Interstate construction proceeded, for the most part, with no regard for its impact on communities or the landscape. For half a century, the automobile and its boosters ran wild across the nation. Today, more than 4 million miles of roads crisscross the country–ten times the distance to the moon and back. The Interstate Highway System alone is 46,000 miles long.

Parking lots and roads cover roughly 39 million acres, an area twice the size of the state of South Carolina.

Federal funding, highway and automobile lobbies and the allure of the (temporarily) open road inevitably converged with another defining aspect of 20th century American culture–racial discrimination.

Ignoring MacKaye and Mumford’s call for highwayless towns, cities across America mobilized to build interstates everywhere, including into the hearts of cities.

The best example, by the most infamous road builder of the last century, was Robert Moses’ crusade to construct the “Lower Manhattan Expressway” through part of Greenwich Village. Author Jane Jacobs joined the battle and later wrote Death and Life of Great American Cities, which transformed the way we think about cities. Jacobs, a Greenwich Village resident, organized her neighborhood against Moses. Over the course of a decade, Villagers eventually defeated the ill-conceived project.

Similar stories had very different endings when highways were proposed through neighborhoods without the resources or political clout to fight back.

In Charleston, for example, I-26 ripped through African-American neighborhoods along the “Neck,”– Rosemont, Union Heights, Accabee and Chicora-Cherokee–whose residents stood little chance of defending their homes and communities.

In the late 1950s, the South Carolina Department of Transportation, with subsequent endorsement by Charleston City Council, conceived of the Crosstown Expressway. Their goal was to connect US Highway 17 North, which ended in Mount Pleasant, with US Highway 17 South, west of the Ashley, and to link 17 with the newly constructed I-26. Continuing the trail of highway destruction along the Neck, the project sliced through an African-American neighborhood in Elliotborough, demolishing approximately 150 houses in its path. In December 1968, the expressway opened to traffic.

Houses and businesses that formerly fronted quiet neighborhood streets were now ravaged by highspeed automobile traffic, noise and air pollution. The Crosstown decimated the quality of life, as well as real

News and Courier, 1978.

A child crosses the treacherous Crosstown Expressway while the caged crosswalk above the road remains unused.

estate values, along the route. In addition, the one-mile project accelerated the segregation of the city, facilitating the expansion of suburbs and creating a wall between the predominantly African-American neighborhoods to the north and the predominately white peninsula to the south. Then, with bitter irony, the Crosstown was renamed in 1978 for South Carolina’s legendary civil rights activist, Septima Clark.

Decades of congestion, decline and decay dashed the glowing prospects of effortless, automobile-based metropolitan travel. Cities across the country suffered a severe case of “buyer’s remorse” over urban highways.

One inner-city freeway after another was removed, often at costs in the billions of dollars. The Embarcadero in San Francisco, Harbor Drive in Portland, Oregon, Milwaukee’s Park East Freeway, the Viaduct in Seattle, and the Big Dig in Boston are all examples of cities recognizing the critical importance of throwing off the shackles of the highway era and reversing the damage done by the automobile.

Not so, unfortunately, in Charleston. Pedestrian deaths on the Crosstown failed to awaken the city’s leadership to the fundamental incompatibility of high speed traffic and healthy, vibrant neighborhoods.

Instead, in 1973, attempting to prevent additional fatalities, the city and the S.C. Department of Transportation (SCDOT) proposed a caged crosswalk above the Crosstown. It was rarely used except, as one letter writer said, as a platform for mischievous teenagers to drop rocks and other projectiles on passing cars.

Meanwhile, the city and the SCDOT engaged in a continual battle against residents who were clandestinely cutting passageways in the chain link fence separating

their neighborhoods from the roadway.

In the late 1990s, in spite of continued conflict between cars and people, Charleston doubled down on the automobile. The city and the SCDOT constructed an overpass above the intersection of the Crosstown with Lockwood Boulevard, thus allowing drivers to avoid the 45-second delay of the traffic signal. This final paean to motorists was christened the Ernie Passailaigue Overpass, in honor of Charleston’s state senator at the time.

Through the 1990s and 2000s, as the city flourished with new businesses, tourism, construction and renovation, the strip along the Crosstown lay stagnant and ignored. Virtually no one focused on the fact that the gateway to Charleston, one of the most revered cities in America, was a blighted, caged six-lane strip of asphalt, pockmarked on its southern end by a few fast food joints, cheap hotels and abandoned buildings and punctuated by dangerous off ramps and overpasses.

Three pedestrian deaths in three years have now sparked another call for improvements to the roadway.

Reflexively, the first suggestions have been to install more caged crosswalks. A tunnel has also been proposed, apparently by someone who is unfamiliar with the hydrology and topography of the area.

But this time we have an opportunity, and an obligation, to think differently. It is now abundantly clear that the solution to pedestrian deaths, and to the strip of blight along the roadway, is not more cages, ramps and ditches that further separate residents from traffic.

Instead, it is to tame the Crosstown, to transform it into a public space that enhances the safety and the quality of life for residents and businesses along the route.

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Photo from the Septima P. Clark Papers, Avery Research Center at College of Charleston. Lowcountry Digital Library.

The Crosstown Expressway was renamed for legendary civil rights activist Septima P. Clark in 1978.

It is not difficult to imagine the Crosstown’s transformation—beginning with slower automobile traffic. Reducing travel speed from 35 mph to 25 mph would mean the difference between life and death and a streetscape in which cars, pedestrians and bicyclists could peacefully coexist. Fences along the route would be removed, the sidewalks completed (they already exist for most of the route), lanes would be narrowed, allowing one outside lane on each side to be dedicated to on-street parking, thus providing protection and a buffer for pedestrians on the sidewalks, and a bike path would be installed.

Landscaping would welcome shoppers, diners and residents. Take a look at the rendering of the “Zero-Death Crosstown Boulevard” on pages 16-17 for a better sense of the solution.

This, of course, is the format for urban boulevards in cities around the world, including in South Carolina. Perhaps the most famous, the Champs Elysees, carries about 30 percent more cars per day than the Crosstown. Yet its design accommodates streetside cafes, apartment buildings and parks.

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Closer to home, Coleman Boulevard has about half the traffic of the Crosstown. In spite of its relatively undistinguished design and the general absence of on-street parking, Mount Pleasant residents voluntarily sit at open-air restaurants along Coleman, no more than 30 feet from passing cars. Commerce and street life thrive along its length.

The Crosstown could be even better, and for a fraction of the cost of the non-solutions thus far proposed. The road is surrounded by neighborhoods and businesses and is lined with trees, historic buildings, and a handsome public school. It is truly a success waiting to happen. With a modest degree of imagination, neighborhood involvement and political leadership, it can be achieved. I’m betting that the 50th anniversary of the Crosstown Expressway’s opening in 2018 will mark the completion of its reconstitution as a boulevard worthy of its namesake.

SOUTH COAST

LESSONS FROM HURRICANE MATTHEW

Richard D. Porcher, Jr.

by Rikki Parker, South Coast Project Manager

Aerial photo shows flooding and sparse high ground on Bay Point Island after Hurricane Matthew.

Yet, Bay Point Island’s current owner is exploring ising sea levels, warming temperatures and development options. Last September, the landownmore inclement weather make coastal sand er and Six Senses—a luxury resort and spa chain with spits and barrier islands risky and irrelocations in the Maldives, Seychelles and Oman— sponsible sites for new development. These approached the Town of Hilton Head Island with a impermanent and dynamic landscapes serve crucial request to annex the island and change the zoning to functions, often absorbing impacts from extreme allow the construction of weather events like hurricanes and floods and Now is the time to create the best future approximately 50 bungalows and related resort providing critical nestfor Bay Point.

Not just for the sake of structures. The proposal ing habitat to threatened and endangered species the red knots, dowitchers, sanderlings, undermined regional planning efforts, put of birds. willets, plovers, sandpipers and pelicans, taxpayers on the hook Beaufort County’s Bay Point Island, a small to name a few—but for everyone who trea- to build, maintain and repair infrastructure, barrier island across the sures the last fragments of South and jeopardized the fuPort Royal Sound from Carolina’s vanishing wilderness. ture of irreplaceable bird Hilton Head Island, is -Sharon E. Richardson, executive director of Audubon habitat. only accessible by boat South Carolina and vice president of the National Audubon Society.

Despite significant and is home to thoupublic opposition to the sands of shore and sea proposal, Hilton Head birds. There is no public Town Council voted unanimously to consider the water and sewer on the island and no justification landowner’s annexation petition. for developing it. Beaufort County has protected On October 8, Hurricane Matthew, a Category 1 the island in regional and local land use plans with a storm, made landfall and left a trail of destruction rural zoning designation, which limits development across the South Carolina coast, flattening more than to structures like pavilions and nature trails.

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half of our state’s dune system. Hilton Head Island received some of the storm’s worst damage, and town officials collected nearly 93 cubic yards of debris for every acre of land on the island. Infrastructure was damaged, and recently renourished beaches washed away. Still today, fallen trees remain uncollected in some areas.

Bay Point Island served a crucial ecological function during the storm, absorbing Matthew’s storm surge flooding and high winds. Photos from before and after the storm illustrate the ephemeral nature of the landscape and indicate what might have happened to any development sited on the island following severe flooding and wind damage.

Perhaps because of the impacts from the storm or the swell of public opposition, Hilton Head Town Council has agreed to pause consideration of the owner’s petition to annex Bay Point Island. While the proposal is on hold for now, we are taking steps

TAKE ACTION! Visit us at coastalconservationleague.org/ projects/bay-point-island-annexation, where we have one-click tools to help you: •

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to educate council members and the community to ensure the island stays in Beaufort County, where it will remain natural and conserved in perpetuity.

PLANNING FOR GROWTH ON LADY’S ISLAND n February 23, more than 300 Beaufort County residents attended a forum on the future of Lady’s Island, co-hosted by the Conservation League and Sea Island Corridor Coalition. After a presentation by renowned urban planner Victor Dover, neighbors used county maps to draft ideas for development and make recommendations to local leadership.

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Join the 400 others who have already signed a petition to reject the annexation of Bay Point Island.

View aerial photos of the island and read the town and region’s plan for the island to remain rural.

Contact Hilton Head Town Council to let them know that you oppose the annexation.

ENERGY

SOLAR ENERGY GROWTH IN SOUTH CAROLINA ear-end data shows enormous growth in solar energy production in South Carolina. The implementation of Act 236 (2014), driven by the Conservation League and designed collaboratively by utilities, conservation groups, solar businesses and other partners, is largely credited for this rapid increase in capacity, jobs and infrastructure.

Act 236 allows South Carolina Electric and Gas (SCE&G) and Duke Energy to offer customer solar programs and legalizes the leasing of solar arrays to residential and business customers. Both SCE&G’s and Duke Energy’s customer-focused solar programs incentivize renewable energy installation by reducing the payback period for solar equipment and offering leasing options–successfully limiting the upfront cost barrier for potential customers. With these measures in place, South Carolina has emerged as a leader in solar energy growth.

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South Carolina’s national solar ranking for solar installations: • 2015: 36th • 2016: 9th Source: GTM Research

Number of leased rooftop solar arrays: • As of Fall 2015: 0 • As of December 2016: 2,545

Source: SC Office of Regulatory Staff

Number of solar jobs: • 2015: 1,764 • 2016: 2,772 Source: The Solar Foundation

South Carolina Rooftop Solar

“This is a group that continues to impress me because they never just say no, they push hard to figure out how.”

-Former S.C. Governor Nikki Haley on the Conservation League and its successful, collaborative efforts to support Act 236.

2015 8 MW = 894 homes Would power all homes on Pawleys Island

2016 35 MW = 3,912 homes Would power all homes in Port Royal

2020 (projected) 95 MW = 10,618 homes Would power all homes on Folly Beach, Sullivan’s Island and Isle of Palms

= 1,000 homes

Source: SC Energy Office and utility reports

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A I R , W A T E R & P U B L I C H E A LT H

Eyes on

Google

by Emily Cedzo Air, Water & Public Health Project Manager

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istock.com

When Google announced its plans to open a data center in Berkeley County in 2008, many people were excited to have such a high-profile tech giant in South Carolina.

In 2015, that excitement was tempered when Google applied for and received a permit to withdraw up to half a million gallons of water each day from the Charleston Aquifer— an 83 million-year-old, pristine drinking water source that serves Mount Pleasant, Isle of Palms and Sullivan’s Island. Now, less than a year after receiving its first permit, Google has asked to increase its water withdrawal from the aquifer to 1.5 million gallons per day, tripling its current permitted withdrawal. If its request is approved, Google would pull 549 million gallons of water from the aquifer each year.

oogle operates 15 data centers around the world, including one in Berkeley County.

Data centers house servers that keep the company operational year-round. Servers generate enormous amounts of heat, which requires copious amounts of water to stay cool. According to its website, Google often uses rainwater, recycled water and other progressive techniques to conserve water resources, but this is not the case for its Berkeley County facility—where it is withdrawing water exclusively from the Charleston Aquifer.

Google has failed to properly identify and analyze alternative sources of water in Berkeley County— a step required by state policy and preferred by all concerned parties, including water utilities that use the aquifer as a secondary source for drinking water.

When Conservation League staff met with Google in December to discuss alternative water usage, Google representatives were unwilling to entertain a compromise that would reduce the data center’s dependence

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on the aquifer. As a result, the Conservation League submitted formal comments on Google’s groundwater withdrawal permit application to the South Carolina Department of Health and Environmental Control (DHEC), the agency responsible for permitting water withdrawal.

To date, DHEC has agreed to refrain from issuing any groundwater withdrawal permits in the Berkeley, Charleston and Dorchester region until it completes a new regional groundwater management plan. This process, aimed for completion by mid-April, will involve stakeholder meetings, a public hearing and DHEC board approval. As Google awaits DHEC consideration, the Conservation League and our concerned partners from Mount Pleasant Waterworks and Sullivan’s Island are advocating for a plan that ensures ample aquifer protection and recharge. Further, we urge Google to reconsider its decision to move forward with its current permit application.

The internet may not be as green as you thought.

Studies show that large data servers, like those in Google’s Berkeley County facility, may generate as much as two percent of total greenhouse gas emissions—that’s approximately the same amount as the aviation industry. With almost half of the world’s population online, there is no sign that internet technology is waning. In fact, internet use has grown tenfold over the past 15 years and personal computer ownership will quadruple to four billion devices by 2020, doubling carbon emissions, according to a 2008 report by The Climate Group. An increase in internet users will require more facilities to support increased data storage—and the facilities, as we are learning with Google, have serious environmental impacts.

After reports linking Google to carbon emissions made headlines last year, Google committed to switching its energy sources to renewables in 2017.

However, Google’s environmental stewardship pledge does not include water conservation, a glaring omission that the Conservation League is highlighting in Berkeley County.

adobestock

Greening the Web

Data centers store server units like the one in this picture, generating heat and using copious amounts of water and energy to sustain the technology that we have grown to expect.

TAKE ACTION! Visit http://coastalconservationleague.org/ groundwater/ to learn how you can get involved with protecting water resources across our state.

• Write letters to media publications.

• Call elected officials who care about water.

• Attend important meetings so that your voice can be heard.

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2017 IN SESSION

by Merrill McGregor Director of Government Relations

On January 10, the South Carolina legislative session began with bills to reauthorize and eviscerate the Conservation Bank, as well as bills to remove state protection for tens of thousands of acres of valuable wetlands. Policymakers also introduced legislation that would severely curb the rights of citizens to appeal harmful development permits and block local municipalities from addressing local pollution problems.

Protecting Land and Water

Dana Beach

Bills filed in both chambers by Representative Chris Murphy and Senator Sean Bennett, both from Dorchester County, threaten to cripple protections for wetlands and marshes. If passed into law, approximately 90 percent of Dorchester County would be removed from the Coastal Management Program (CMP), and land and waters currently protected under the Coastal Zone Management Act would become vulnerable to development. The removal of land from the CMP would open the door for construction along coastal wetlands like the Ashley River Historic Corridor and Four Holes Swamp. These places are composed of 1,000-year-old swamp tupelos and bald cypresses, marine wildlife and fauna, and outdoor recreation opportunities to bird watch, kayak, fish and hunt.

We strongly oppose Senate bill S.17 and House bill H.3017 and are working with our conservation partners to educate elected officials on the harmful repercussions of this legislation and the overwhelming benefits of the Coastal Management Program.

TAKE ACTION! Visit coastalconservationleague.org/coastal-zone to get involved. •

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Call, email, or visit your state legislator and ask that they oppose efforts to remove land from the Coastal Management Program.

Host a neighborhood meeting.

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AT T H E S TAT E H O U S E

Defending Citizens’ Rights

“Since 2002, the [Conservation Bank] has helped protect almost 300,000 acres of land in 45 counties across the state—properties that are rich with wildlife and history, that are essential to sustaining water quality in South Carolina’s rivers and streams, that are part of our 300-year-old heritage of agriculture, and that secure and enhance recreational opportunities for millions of residents and visitors.”

Dana Beach

– Hugh C. Lane, Jr., Chairman of the Charleston County Greenbelt Bank Board

Dana Beach

The state’s Conservation Bank was created to safeguard our drinking water, preserve our history and culture and protect our threatened natural resources. It is the only statewide source of public funding available for landowners and land trust partners to voluntarily conserve important land.

If not reauthorized, the Conservation Bank would shut down in 2018. We fully support S.219, authored

by Senator Chip Campsen (R-Charleston), which would reauthorize the agency for another decade and address the bank’s frequent susceptibility to budget changes and reductions in tough financial years.

Dana Beach

Dana Beach

Horry County legislators are leading efforts to strip South Carolina citizens of their rights to meaningful due process of law with legislation that negatively impacts the Automatic Stay. If passed, S.105 introduced by Senator Greg Hembree (R-Horry), S.112 by Senator Luke Rankin (R-Horry) and H.3565 by Representative Russell Fry (R-Horry) would severely limit public participation in the administrative decision-making process surrounding proposed development and environmental permits.

Currently, citizens are capable of challenging potentially harmful or egregious development through the use of the Automatic Stay. Rarely used, but critically needed, the Automatic Stay is an Administrative Procedures Act feature that temporarily prevents construction activities when a permit decision is challenged in the Administrative Law Court (ALC). A “stay” is a pause, allowing the ALC to assess the facts and fallout from a potential permitting decision, as well as determine if a challenged permit was properly authorized by an agency. The Automatic Stay avoids irreparable harm to an affected party or place before that harm occurs, preventing roads from being paved prematurely, vast holes from being dug and cement trucks from pouring over pristine wetlands. Along with partners in the Conservation Coalition, the Conservation League is actively opposing these bills. Stay tuned to our emails for updates on the status of these bills.

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A I R , W A T E R & P U B L I C H E A LT H

BAGGING LOCAL CONTROL

By Katie Zimmerman Air, Water & Public Health Program Director

Plastic pollution is overwhelming, despite decades of messages from anti-litter campaigns. It threatens water quality, human health and wildlife. It is unsightly. Thousands of volunteers across the state invest their time and energy to pick up litter and plastic pollution throughout the year. Plastic bags can destroy machinery at municipal recycling facilities and degrade municipal compost.

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Local Action to Curb Plastic Pollution Isle of Palms In 2015, the City of Isle of Palms became the first South Carolina municipality to pass an ordinance addressing plastic debris and pollution following an initiative taken by concerned citizens. The new rule banned single-use plastic bags at retail point-of-sale within the Isle of Palms municipal limits.

Lisa Turansky

lastic litter strangles marine species and breaks down into tiny fragments of plastic that infiltrate our waterways and permeate food webs through fish and shellfish to humans. We don’t yet know the impacts to human health as a result of ingesting microplastic, but we know that it is now ubiquitous in the environment.

In the spring and fall, leatherbacks feed in South Carolina’s nearshore waters and can mistake plastic bags for jellyfish, one of their main sources of food. The Sea Turtle Hospital at the South Carolina Aquarium has successfully treated 14 sea turtle patients who ingested plastic. Many turtles and other sea creatures aren’t so lucky. Last year, a 900-pound leatherback turtle, an endangered species, was found dead near Wadmalaw Island with a ball of plastic material blocking his intestines.

Richard Beck

(above) The Conservation League joined Palmetto Pride on February 4 for the 10th annual Francis Marion National Forest Cleanup. Other staff members joined clean-up efforts on the same day in Mount Pleasant and on Wadmalaw Island.

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Dana Beach

Folly Beach After a great deal of research and business interviews and surveys, the City of Folly Beach passed two ordinances in 2016. The first ordinance, proposed by the Folly Association of Businesses and supported by the Conservation League and our partners, banned single-use plastic bags and polystyrene coolers—also known as Styrofoam coolers—at point-of-sale within municipal limits. In response to data presented showing the Charleston area’s higher-than-average amount of polystyrene pollution in local waters, Folly Beach Mayor Tim Goodwin and City Council decided to add polystyrene to-go containers to the ordinance.

After a great deal of discussion, the second ordinance was proposed and passed: Single-use plastic bags, balloons, polystyrene coolers and to-go containers are prohibited on Folly’s beach.

Charleston Encouraged by citizen interest, the City of Charleston convened a committee to study the issue of plastic pollution. That committee, comprised of business, conservation and municipal representatives, conducted a tri-county survey of business owners and residents. The committee also painstakingly assessed research on plastics pollution, including studies provided by the plastic industry. Overwhelming survey results were in favor of tri-county municipalities taking action to address plastic litter through ordinances.

Industry Fights Back The Conservation League anticipated the plastics industry would attempt a state-level ban on local plastic bans soon after Isle of Palms passed its ordinance. This tactic is one that Novolex, the Progressive Bag Alliance, and the American Legislative Exchange Council (ALEC) have attempted in several other states.

Last year, a bill for a state-level ban was filed in the legislature, but was quickly defeated in the limited remaining time for the legislative session. However, the plastics lobby filed the bill again this year; House bill 3529 (the Auxiliary Container bill) bans municipalities from regulating any kind of packaging, whether disposable or reusable, exempting recycling. A recent amendment was made to the bill that confirmed legislation would not overturn measures taken by local municipalities, including ordinances by Isle of Palms and Folly Beach, passed prior to 2017.

Dolphins enjoying the litter-free Outstanding Resource Waters in the Cape Romain National Wildlife Refuge.

Home Rule H.3529 has a fatal flaw: it will not work in a home rule state like South Carolina. Home rule empowers local governments to prevent state governments from intervening in operations. This bill represents state intervention in local actions to reduce waste.

On this premise, Rep. Peter McCoy (R- Charleston) introduced a motion in early March to end discussion of the bill for 2017. The motion passed, thanks to thousands of emails and hundreds of calls from our supporters, as well as the hard work of Conservation Coalition lobbyists. We will continue to educate our elected leaders on this issue and to prepare ourselves for another state-level attempt to curb local action in 2018.

At the local level, the Conservation League will continue to provide research and education on plastic pollution, assisting local communities to develop solutions that make sense for their municipalities.

TAKE ACTION! Visit http://coastalconservationleague.org/plastics to learn how you can get involved with preventing plastic pollution and join Plastic-Free Lowcountry at https://www.facebook.com/PlasticfreeLC. We can help you: • Reach your legislator by phone or mail.

• Spend a day in Columbia lobbying on this issue.

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RETHINKING THE

CROSSTO

By Jason Crowley, Land Use Project Manager

The Conservation League collaborated with local design firm Bevan & Liberatos to create a vision for a “Zero-Death Crosstown Boulevard� that reconnects neighborhoods, provides safe public spaces and revitalizes a corridor that has been blighted since the 1960s.

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T R A N S P O R TAT I O N

SCDOT Properties in the Right-of-Way,C1963 Margaretta When I-26 opened to traffic in Childs Archives at Historic Charleston Foundation, 1960, the desire to connect US- Lowcountry Digital Library.

17 with the new interstate highway prompted the Federal Highway Administration and South Carolina Department of Transportation to plan the Crosstown Expressway. Ultimately, a diagonal path was chosen to cross the upper peninsula of Charleston, cutting through 150 predominantly African American residences and businesses. A once-unified One of many structures lost to the neighborhood was split in two, path of the Crosstown Expressway and the street grid in the upper right-of-way. peninsula was obliterated.

The highway decimated property values, eliminated safe access to schools for children south of the Crosstown and destroyed the fabric of a neighborhood. More than 50 years later, residents still see the road as the dividing line between historic Charleston and everything else to the north.

The Crosstown Area’s pre-highway street grid resembled the typical layout across the Charleston peninsula, as shown in this City of Charleston 1955 Tourist Map from City of Charleston Records Management.

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Adding insult to injury, the road was renamed the “Septima Clark Parkway” at the end of the 20th century in honor of Clark, who is considered the “Grandmother of the Civil Rights Movement in America” and was one of the city’s premier African-American educators and civil rights leaders. Yet, the road is neither a parkway nor a symbol of civil rights.

Today, we have an opportunity to transform the Crosstown blight into something worthy of Septima Clark’s legacy.

Since the Crosstown’s debut in Charleston, residents on either side of the road have publically voiced their desire for the highway to be redeveloped into a community-appropriate avenue or boulevard in an effort to restore the neighborhood. The Crosstown’s neighbors deserve action from the City of Charleston to transform our poorly conceived Crosstown into a true urban boulevard for the community.

Simple changes include: Lowering the speed limit to 25 miles per hour; reducing the number of lanes from six to four; adding on-street parking and a protected bike lane; and, removing the chain-link fences that run the perimeter of the road to allow businesses and residents to access the street. At intersections, signals should be retimed to allow pedestrians and cyclists the ability to cross the street safely.

Further, one-way traffic on Coming Street, Rutledge Avenue and Ashley Avenue should resume their original two-way designs to slow traffic, increase business along the corridors and provide safer streets for bikers and pedestrians. For more than two decades, two-way traffic restoration of Charleston’s city streets has occurred with great success.

Jason Crowley

Revealing a Vision With some simple changes in short-term road configuration, and a few more ambitious, long-term changes, the Crosstown Expressway—the new “Septima Clark Boulevard”—might become as functional and beautiful as Calhoun Street.

The highway decimated property values, eliminated safe access to schools for children south of the Crosstown and destroyed the fabric of a neighborhood. More than 50 years later, residents still see the road as the dividing line between historic Charleston and everything else to the north.

The rarely-used caged pedestrian crosswalk over the Crosstown Expressway.

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The new street design for the Crosstown Boulevard includes a bike lane, sidewalks, transit stops and reconfigured lane widths, all possible in the existing right-of-way. Cross-section design by Bevan & Liberatos.

Jason Crowley

Since the Crosstown’s debut in Charleston, residents on either side of the Crosstown have publically voiced their desire for the highway to be redeveloped into a community-appropriate avenue or boulevard in an effort to restore the neighborhood. The Crosstown’s neighbors deserve action from the City of Charleston to transform our poorly conceived Crosstown into a true urban boulevard for the community.

Recent improvements to the Crosstown looking east from the caged crosswalk.

Aerial view of the Crosstown Expressway. Arrows indicate the proposed restoration of two-way traffic at Ashley Avenue, Rutledge Avenue and Coming Street, as well as the reopening of Todd Street and the creation of a new at-grade intersection from Ashe Street to Sheppard Street, similar to the new Hagood Avenue connection.

Realizing Change Redesigning the Crosstown Expressway is a bold project that will not happen quickly. But, with support from neighborhood residents and elected officials, the Conservation League is working with the community to right a wrong that has caused disinvestment and disconnection within a predominately African-American community for too long. Charleston has an opportunity to lead the region in symbolically and physically reuniting a divided city. By allowing businesses and residences to reorient and engage with the street-front, the road can transform into “Main Street” for the neighborhoods of Westside, Elliottborough and Cannonborough–a Main Street the community has needed for decades.

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A I R , W A T E R & P U B L I C H E A LT H

Pesticides and Pollinators

By Emily Cedzo Air, Water & Public Health Project Manager

n late August 2016, the accidental killing of more than 3 million honeybees in Dorchester County made international headlines.

Clemson University’s Department of Pesticide Regulation, a body responsible for regulating pesticide use in South Carolina, was tasked with investigating the event. One month after the bee killing, Clemson submitted its findings to Dorchester County.

The report stated no violations occurred, public notice was adequate, and Dorchester County’s pesticide application was consistent with pesticide label instructions.

While Clemson’s final report did not rule out the applied pesticide as the primary cause of honeybee deaths, the incident sheds light on some serious problems with current notification practices and procedures.

The South Carolina Pesticide Control Act currently requires jurisdictions to notify the public of pesticide application 24 hours in advance and through a mass media outlet. The law does not require pesticide

Andy Hollis

I

applicators to contact beekeepers and other relevant parties, even if those parties have requested notification. Currently, most counties act in good faith, relying on mosquito abatement staff to contact citizens who have requested notification. In Dorchester County, that courtesy was overlooked, resulting in an oversight that could have been avoided with stronger procedures in place.

Dorchester County has agreed to halt future aerial pesticide applications while its county council focuses on reevaluating its current notification methods and comprehensive abatement strategy.

Following August’s devastating event, some researchers are left asking why local and state governments are not actively developing alternatives to pesticides that harm pollinators and impact public health.

We are asking, too. The Conservation League is currently collaborating with Dorchester and Berkeley Counties to improve mosquito abatement practices, explore alternative treatment methods and implement stronger prevention programs.

Volunteers from the Charleston-based Bee Cause Project maintain Trident Academy’s observation hive. The Mount Pleasant school is one of 25 in the Charleston area that received a hive from Bee Cause, which provides hives to schools nationwide through its grant program and promotes environmental stewardship, pollinator education and community engagement.

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Invest in nature using your IRA In every walk with nature, one receives far more than he seeks.

- John Muir

Y

our Individual Retirement Account can support the Coastal Conservation League’s work today and in the future! If you’re 701/2 or older, you can make a tax-free distribution from your IRA. You can also support future conservation efforts by naming the Coastal Conservation League as an IRA beneficiary.

If you are 701/2 or older, you are required to take minimum

distributions from your retirement plans each year. Charitable rollovers count toward the minimum required distribution amount, and you can make gifts up to $100,000 from your IRA to the Coastal Conservation League without paying federal income tax on the withdrawal. Making a transfer is simple and requires only a letter to your IRA plan administrator requesting a charitable distribution.

Looking to use your retirement assets as a Conservation League investment?

Please contact Senior Development Officer Shannyn Smith at (843) 725-2058 or shannyns@scccl.org for a sample transfer request letter or if you would like more information.

A charitable distribution from your IRA can be perfect if you are facing required minimum distributions and also want to invest in the Conservation League’s work.

Not yet 701/2 ? Support our current and future work by naming the Conservation League as a beneficiary of your IRA. Designating the Conservation League as a primary or contingent beneficiary is easy to do and normally only involves the completion of a form. And, don’t forget to let us know, so we can thank you and include you in our Coastal Legacy Society.

Please note that the Coastal Conservation League cannot provide any tax or legal advice and recommends consultation with a professional financial advisor.

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IN HOUSE

WELCOME NEW CONSERVATION LEAGUE STAFF Andy Hollis Prior to joining the Conservation League as Data Analyst, Andy worked on air quality modeling and regulation development for the S.C. Department of Health and Environmental Control (DHEC). Before that, he researched oyster reef restoration and shellfish resource assessment methods as a wildlife biologist for the S.C. Department of Natural Resources and evaluated physical processes associated with the Japan East Sea at the University of Rhode Island. Andy earned a B.S. in Physics from the College of Charleston and is currently pursuing a M.S. in Civil Engineering at the Citadel. When he’s not crunching numbers, Andy enjoys woodworking, cycling, surfing, playing classical guitar and spending time with his wife and two kids.

Andy Hollis

Becca Watson Though Becca is new to the GrowFood Carolina team, she has known local and organic produce her entire life. Her family’s Watsonia Farms is well known across the region—especially for its peaches! After graduating from Clemson University and earning her B.A. in Political Science, Becca returned to Monetta to support the farm and manage its food safety program until accepting the quality assurance position at GrowFood Carolina. Outside of work, she likes to try new restaurants in town, play tennis and go to the beach.

Becca Watson

Caitie Forde-Smith

Caitie joined the Conservation League as Communications Associate. A North Carolina native, she attended UNC Chapel Hill, earning a B.A. in Journalism and Mass Communication. While pursuing her MPA at UNC Wilmington, she was offered a community engagement fellowship with the N.C. Coastal Federation– where she gained an education in stewardship, conservation and collaboration.

Caitie recently moved to Charleston from Asheville, where she served in marketing roles and flexed her social media and public relations skills for places like Whole Foods Market. Outside of work, she enjoys running and practicing yoga, reading, watching Tar Heel basketball and traveling.

Eddy Moore

Caitie Forde-Smith

Eddy joined the Conservation League as the Energy and Climate Program Director from the Arkansas Public Service Commission, where he served as an Administrative Law Judge and helped implement an expansion of public utility-funded energy efficiency programs. He has developed customer-owned solar programs, as well as transportation, water and energy policy–gaining professional experience with Audubon Arkansas, the California-based Planning and Conservation League, and U.S. Senator Ernest Hollings (D–South Carolina). Eddy holds a B.A. from Yale, an M.A. in U.S. History from American University and a J.D. from the University of Arkansas at Little Rock. In his free time, he likes to cook, bike, play Frisbee and collect fossils.

Eddy Moore

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IN HOUSE

WELCOME NEW BOARD MEMBERS Daniel W. Boone, III

Lee Richards

Dan Boone lives on Spring Island and spends his summers in Highlands, North Carolina.

Before moving to the Lowcountry, Dan was a managing partner at Atlanta Capital Management Company–an investment advisory firm that manages high quality stock and bond Daniel W. Boone, III portfolios on behalf of institutional and individual investors.

Lee Richards has lived in Charleston for the past six years with his wife Artie and two daughters, Natalie and Julia. He is managing partner for Alerion Ventures, an early stage venture capital business investing in technology start-ups in the Lee Richards Southeast.

FOND FAREWELLS Reed Armstrong Reed joined the Conservation League’s South Coast Office in 2001, after more than 30 years of experience as an oceanographer and expert at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). A reliable and knowledgeable representative on storm water and land use issues, Reed has promised to stay involved with conservation and community-based issues.

Kate Schaefer, Lisa Turansky, and Dana Beach joined Reed Armstrong and friends in Beaufort for his retirement celebration, recognizing his 16 years of dedication to conservation along the coast.

Nora Kravec Since 2001, Nora served as the Conservation League’s Data Manager. She participated on the board for the Progressive Club and the advisory committee for the Charleston County Greenbelt program. Nora has been a tireless advocate for the Johns Island community and dedicated countless hours keeping the Conservation League organized.

WELCOME ANNA FRANCES

Paul, Kate and Anna Frances Schaefer

On January 30, South Coast Office Director Kate Schaefer and her husband, Paul, welcomed a beautiful baby girl, Anna Frances Schaefer. Anna Frances weighed 8 pounds, 1 ounce and measured 20 inches. Congratulations, Kate and Paul!

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GROWFOOD

SUPPORT GROWFOOD CAROLINA AND LOCAL FARMERS BY CELEBRATING EAT LOCAL MONTH

April is Eat Local Month!

Here’s how you can participate this month and year-round:

Celebrating 5 Years!

GrowFood CAROLINA

• Shift $10 of your weekly food spending to local farmers, fishermen and restaurants • Find the GrowFood Carolina fork to identify local products and GrowFood partners • Purchase a Community Supported Agriculture (CSA) or a Community Supported Fishery (CSF) share • Visit your local farmers market and local breweries • Share your support on social media using the hashtag #EatLocalChs

Drink Local, Give Back On March 9, Conservation League staff and supporters gathered at Home Team BBQ’s downtown Charleston location for Holy City Brewing’s Paradise IPA Can Release Party. A portion of sales of the newly designed can will continue to benefit the Conservation League. The can and its design, crafted to capture the beauty of South Carolina’s coast, can be purchased at grocery stores, specialty retailers and restaurants statewide.

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OUT & ABOUT

Exaugural Ball

Winthrop Civic Forum

Katie Zimmerman, Savannah Brennan and Sandy Fowler were among local residents who attended the Conservation League’s Winthrop Civic Affairs Forum, People Oriented Cities: Shared Mobility, Housing & Prosperity in the 21st Century, at the Francis Marion Hotel on December 15.

The Conservation League was among several local organizations selected to receive a portion of proceeds raised by this annual party, held at The Dewberry in Charleston. On January 20, staff members–dressed in black tie attire–celebrated alongside others currently working to preserve and protect the quality of life in the Lowcountry.

Gabe Klein, Dana Beach and John Winthrop enjoy drinks and conversation after Klein’s presentation on mobility, followed by an expert panel discussion.

Telluride Film Festival Jane Elizabeth Lareau Award

The Telluride Mountainfilm Festival visited the Charleston Music Hall on February 19 as part of its international tour of more than 100 venues on six continents. Conservation League staff greeted festival attendees at the two sold-out shows meant to inspire viewers to better their communities, environment and world.

On March 22, the Coastal Conservation League awarded Robin Welch with the Jane Elizabeth Lareau Award for Inspirational Environmental Activism. The award honors the legacy and impact of Conservation League co-founder Jane Lareau. Welch is a native of South Carolina’s sea islands and has led numerous community groups, including Friends of Riverland and Nix 526.

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THANK YOU, 2016 DONORS

Year after year, your generous and consistent support advances the Coastal Conservation League’s work.

Together, we are protecting South Carolina’s natural resources and coastal quality of life.

The Coastal Legacy Society honors those who have provided for the Coastal Conservation League through their estate plans. In the last year, we were honored to receive new bequest notifications from eight Conservation League members.

By making a gift to the Coastal Legacy Society, you will join this group of extraordinary supporters in their commitment to protect the lands, waters, and quality of life in the Lowcountry for generations. If you are interested in learning more about including the Conservation League in your estate plans, please contact Shannyn Smith at 843-725-2058 or shannyns@scccl.org We are most grateful to our Coastal Legacy Society members–old and new–for their generosity and foresight.

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Nancy Appel Drs. T. Brantley and Penny Arnau Judith and Robert Bainbridge Ethel-Jane Westfeldt Bunting ** Bailey Bolen and Carol Ervin Russ and Judy Burns Charlotte Caldwell Chip and Betty Coffee Marcia Curtis ** Jennifer Davis Mr. Elliott Dodds and Dr. Cynthia B. Dodds Berryman W. Edwards Mary C. Everts ** Robert W. Foster, Sr. ** Dr. Annette G. Godow Florence E. Goodwin ** Janis Hammett Ms. Teri Lyn Herbert Daniel Huger ** Katherine H. Huger Linda Ketner

Katharine Cheshire Knott ** Mike and JoAnne Marcell Dr. Thomas R. Mather Mr. and Mrs. W. Wallace McDowell Miles F. McSweeney Mr. and Mrs. Michael B. Prevost Ellen and Mayo Read S. Kim and Patricia Reed Roy Richards, Jr. Margot T. Rose Mr. Jason A. Schall Richard Schmaltz Ms. Dorothy D. Smith ** Shannyn Smith Gus and Cameron Speth Mr. and Mrs. John J. Tecklenburg Mr. and Mrs. Thad Timmons Sarah W. Toomer ** Alice and Doug Walker George W. Williams Suzan and Stephen Zoukis ** deceased

The Coastal Conservation League works very hard to ensure that all donor names are listed correctly; however, occasional mistakes do occur. Please contact Director of Development Nancy Appel at (843) 723-9895 with any questions or corrections.

stock.adobe.com

COASTAL LEGACY SOCIETY

Live Oak Society Donors giving $500 or more.

Contributions Received from January 1, 2016-December 31, 2016

$10,000+ Anonymous (6) Mr. and Mrs. Johnston Adams Ms. Carrie Agnew Mr. David Anderson The Beaufort Fund Mr. J. Anderson Berly, III Henry M. Blackmer Foundation, Inc. GF Ms. Margaret P. Blackmer GF Butler Conservation Fund, Inc. Ceres Foundation, Inc. GF The Coastal Community Foundation The Community Foundation of the Lowcountry, Inc. Mr. and Mrs. Jamie W. Constance Mr. and Mrs. Edwin H. Cooper, III Katharine and John Crawford Family Endowment The CWD3 Fund Oliver S. and Jennie R. Donaldson Charitable Trust GF Gaylord and Dorothy Donnelley Foundation GF Strachan Donnelley Family Charitable Lead Unitrust Mrs. Vivian Donnelley Ms. Ceara Donnelley and Mr. Nate Berry Mr. and Mrs. P. Steven Dopp Mr. and Mrs. John O. Downing EBSCO Industries, Inc. Mr. and Mrs. Berryman W. Edwards The Energy Foundation Paula R. Feldman GF The Festoon Foundation, Inc. Fidelity Charitable Gift Fund Mr. Robert W. Foster, Sr. ** The Samuel Freeman Charitable Trust GF Larry and Nancy Fuller Laura and Steve Gates Gildea Foundation, Inc. GF Joseph and Carson Gleberman Grantham Foundation for the Protection of the Environment The William and Mary Greve Foundation, Inc. The Harry Frank Guggenheim Foundation Mr. Hank Holliday The Honorable Amory Houghton, Jr. Ms. Anne F. Jennings Peter R. and Cynthia K. Kellogg Foundation GF Mr. Tony Kiser Mr. and Mrs. Hugh C. Lane, Jr. Mr. and Mrs. Charles G. Lane Mills Bee Lane Foundation GC & JW Lodge Fund of the Boston Foundation Mr. T. Cartter Lupton, II GF Mr. Pierre Manigault Mr. and Mrs. W. Wallace McDowell, Jr. The Meadows Charitable Trust Merck Family Fund Mertz Gilmore Foundation Jerry and Caroline Milbank Mr. and Mrs. Edward Miller Ms. Justine J. Nathan National Foundation for Philanthropy GF

Mr. Arnold Nemirow Dennis and Fran Nolan Mr. and Mrs. Stephen M. Parks Guy and Cheryl Paschal Pathfinder Foundation, Inc. GF Mr. and Mrs. Howard Phipps, Jr. Fred and Joan Pittman Post and Courier Foundation Mr. David Proctor The George and Mary Rabb Charitable Fund James O. and Harriet P. Rigney Endowment Rockefeller Philanthropy Advisors Dr. and Mrs. Steven C. Rockefeller Margot and Boykin Rose Peter Roy, Rice Bluff Charitable Fund GF SC Department of Agriculture GF Mr. and Mrs. Richard R. Schmaltz Jeffrey Schutz and Charlotte Caldwell GF Schwab Charitable Fund Singing for Change Charitable Foundation, Inc. GF Fred and Alice Stanback, Jr. Mr. and Mrs. Elton B. Stephens, III Stony Point Foundation Gary and Mary Beth Thornhill Tides Foundation GF The Emily Hall Tremaine Foundation. Inc. Turner Foundation, Inc. USDA Agricultural Marketing Service GF USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service Vanguard Charitable Mr. and Mrs. James C. Vardell III and Family West Wind Foundation David and Ann Westerlund Mr. and Mrs. John Winthrop GF Yawkey Foundation Mr. and Mrs. Stephen J. Ziff Stephen and Suzan Zoukis

$5,000-$9,999 Anonymous (2) Penny and Bill Agnew Mr. and Mrs. William Applegate, IV Ms. Molly H. Ball Mrs. Ann R. Baruch John and Jane Beach Mr. L. Russell Bennett The Bishop Family Foundation Cortney and Baker Bishop Dan and Merrie Boone Foundation Frances P. Bunnelle Foundation Nancy and Billy Cave Mr. and Mrs. Charles B. Chitty The Clif Bar Family Foundation GF The Colbert Family Fund Dr. and Mrs. William F. Crosswell GF Dorothy R. Donnelley Charitable Lead Trust GF Ms. Laura Donnelley Martin and Kathy Dudley

Mr. and Mrs. J. Henry Fair, Jr. GF Burney Fair Endowment Henry Fair Fund for the Environment GF Bill and Lynda Glavin Goldman Sachs Philanthropy Fund The Good Works Foundation The Edwin and Ellen Harley Family Fund Katharine and Winslow Hastie Mr. Robert B. Haynes Haynes-Eskrigge Fund of the Community Foundation of Western North Carolina Mr. and Mrs. R. Glenn Hilliard Mr. and Mrs. David L. Huguenin Mr. and Mrs. Orton P. Jackson, III Mr. William Kennard and Ms. Deborah Kennedy Kennard Linda Ketner Mr. Otto E. Liipfert, III GF Mrs. John E. Masaschi Mr. and Mrs. James R. McNab, Jr. Mr. and Mrs. Edward C. Mitchell, Jr. Dr. and Mrs. Richard B. Morawetz The Osprey Foundation, Inc The Prudential Foundation Matching Gifts Mr. John M. Rivers, Jr. John M. Rivers, Jr. Foundation, Inc. Mr. and Mrs. Klaus Said Klaus T. Said Charitable Lead Annuity Trust Mrs. Anne Rivers Siddons Mr. David Siddons Mr. and Mrs. T. Paul Strickler Ms. Bailey W. Symington Mr. John Thompson and Ms. Julia Forster

$2,500-$4,999 Anonymous Brady and Betty Anderson Mr. and Mrs. Dennis Baer Bailey Bolen and Carol Ervin GF The By George Fund Ms. Jennifer Davis Mr. and Mrs. Walter L. Foulke Garbee Family Outreach Fund Mr. and Mrs. Richard Garbee Mr. Richards Gregory Mr. J. Drayton Hastie Roy and Carol Hawkins Shayna and Travis Howell Ms. Jane Kates Magnolia Plantation Foundation Tom and Debbie Mather Mr. and Mrs. Francis X. McCann Mr. and Mrs. Franklin McCann John and Karin McCormick Foundation, Inc. Charles and April Meier Mr. and Mrs. Alan A. Moses Joanne and Alan Moses Fund Orton Foundation, LLC PHICAS Foundation

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Contributions Received from January 1, 2016-December 31, 2016

Mr. and Mrs. Michael B. Prevost Mr. and Mrs. Brooks Quinn GF Quinn Family Charitable Foundation GF Mr. Richard Rainaldi and Ms. Martha Records Mr. and Mrs. Charles D. Ravenel David W. and Susan G. Robinson Foundation Mr. and Mrs. Don Sipple William and Shanna Sullivan Jane Smith Turner Foundation GF Susan and Trenholm Walker GF Winfield Foundation Louis and Patricia Wright Henry and Sylvia Yaschik Foundation, Inc.

$1,000-$2,499 Anonymous The Alcyon Foundation Mr. J. Marshall Allen Jim and Tina Allen Dr. and Mrs. James C. Allen American Rivers, Inc. Mr. David W. Ames Mr. and Mrs. Dean Andrews Nancy Appel and Mitchell Sadoff GF Drs. T. Brantley and Penny Arnau Bo Aughtry Rev. and Mrs. Henry E. Avent, Jr. Mr. and Mrs. William R. Barrett, Jr. Mrs. Katrina Becker Benefitfocus Mr. John P. Bent, Jr. Mr. and Mrs. Philip J. Bergan Tom and Lynn Blagden Mr. Keith Bowers Emily Brasher Ms. Margaret F. Bridgforth Wesley and Nancy Brown Brown Advisory Group Mr.** and Mrs. C. Austin Buck Burden’s End Fund Bob and Lynn Burt John T. and Elizabeth K. Cahill Fund Dr. and Mrs. Bob W. Cain Ruth Campbell David M. Carmines Memorial Foundation, Inc. Mr. R. R. M. Carpenter Wayland H. & Marion Rivers Cato Fund The Cecil Family Mr. and Mrs. Richard L. Childs Circular Congregational Church Elliott S. Close Coastal Expeditions The Coca-Cola Company Matching Gifts Program Mr. and Mrs. Richard E. Coen Tom and Susan Colatsky Charitable Fund Mr. and Mrs. George Cole Community Foundation of Greater Greensboro, Inc. TurtleCon Fund of the Cleveland Foundation John J. and Kathleen J. Cooney Mr. Edward Crawford Mr. and Mrs. Jeffrey A. Croft Dr. and Mrs. Richard L. Cross Wade and Shelley Crow Mr. and Mrs. Michael F. Daly Jane Tucker Dana and David D. Aufhauser Anne and Gordon Darby Ms. Connie Darden-Young and Mr. Jesse Colin Young Senator and Mrs. Tom Daschle Michael and Megan Desrosiers GF

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Mr. and Mrs. Charles P. Eaton Richard and Bridget Eckerd Dr. William Ellison, Jr. Mr. Mark Essig and Mrs. Martha Craft-Essig Mr. John W. Eubank, IV Linda Fein Mr. H. McDonald Felder Mrs. Nancy B. Fetter Dr. and Mrs. Philip A. Finley Chuck and Maggie Ford Ms. Caroline Alexander Forgason Mr. and Mrs. Will Fort Francis Marion Hotel Mr. and Mrs. Robert L. Freeman Mr. and Mrs. Dave Gabriel Gally and Fielding Gallivan Leonie L. Gately Mr. and Mrs. Karl Gedge Dr. and Mrs. Charles C. Geer George and Pooh Gephart Ken Gray and Pat Gray Dr. and Mrs. Richard C. Hagerty Half-Moon Outfitters Mary Bruce Harry Matt and Sarah-Hamlin Hastings GF Lucile W. Hays Mr. and Mrs. Oliver R. Head, Jr. Mr. Fred B. Herrmann Ms. Lilyn Hester Mr. and Mrs. Steve Hickman Ann and Lee Higdon Robert K. Higgins and Carla M. Higgins Dr. Jim and Jackie Hill Mr. and Mrs. Charles Hinnant Mr. William L. Hiott, Jr. The Hobbs Foundation Mr. and Mrs. Peter M. Horlbeck Mr. and Mrs. James Houser Mr. and Mrs. Patrick Ilderton Steve and Pam Jacobs Bruce and Sarah Jayne Ms. Holly R. Jensen The Joseph and Catherine Johnson Family Foundation Dr. William Kee and Dr. Franklin Lee Ms. Kathleen Kelly Mr. and Mrs. James J. Kerr Harriet and Herbert Keyserling Endowment Mr. and Mrs. James E. Kistler Mr. Charles Lane, Jr. Scott and Gayle Lane Mr. and Mrs. Roy F. Laney Mike Lata GF Mr. and Mrs. W. J. Leath, Jr. Mr. and Mrs. Clarence W. Legerton, III Mr. and Mrs. Craig Leister GF Lasca and Richard Lilly Suzanne and Bruce Lindsay Longleaf Charitable Fund Sheila Low-Beer Lowcountry Aviation Maintenance Association Justin Lucey Stuart and Cathy Malone Ms. Lee Manigault Mrs. Patti Manigault Mr. and Mrs. Charles Manker Ms. Jean Elliott Manning GF Dr. and Mrs. John J. Manzi Mike and JoAnne Marcell Mrs. Carla Marsh Marsh Foundation Mr. and Mrs. Charles K. Marshall

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Bob and Sandra Marshburn Dr. John Mattheis Mr. and Mrs. David Maybank, Jr. Dr. and Mrs. Brem Mayer Mr. and Mrs. Malcolm McAlpin Dr. and Mrs. Diane McCall Mrs. Frank McClain Mr. and Mrs. George McCoy Ms. Jamie Young McCulloch Mr. and Mrs. Keith McLoughlin Jack and Sue McNamara Ms. Georgia Meagher Mr. and Mrs. James O. Mills Mr. and Mrs. Thomas E. Mistler The Mistler Family Foundation Mr. and Mrs. Bill G. Moeckel, Jr. Bo and Peggy Mohr Mr. and Mrs. Beezer Molten Dr. Nancy Moore and Mr. Lawrence Moore Morning Sun Foundation Lane and Lucile Morrison MRB Foundation William Deloach Nettles, Jr. The New York Community Trust Dr. and Mrs. W. Marcus Newberry Franklin Nutter Dr. and Mrs. Thomas F. Ogle Ms. Elizabeth F. Orser Mr. and Mrs. Coleman C. Owens Charles and Celeste Patrick Mr. and Mrs. David Paynter PHICAS Foundation David Christopher Quick Mr. and Mrs. Gary P. Quigley Mr. and Mrs. Kim Reed Mr. and Mrs. J. Marshall Reid Mr. and Mrs. William R. Richardson, Jr. Grace Jones Richardson Trust Mr. and Mrs. James H. Rion, Jr. Dr. Georgia C. Roane Mary Alice and Tom Roberts Ms. Catherine G. Rogers GF Mr. and Mrs. William S. Rose, Jr. Mr. Thomas C. Rowland, III Reid and Aubrey Sanders GF Kate and Paul Schaefer Mr. and Mrs. Weldon Schenck Dr. and Mrs. H. Del Schutte, Jr. Kathleen Sennello and John Warner Troy and Marilyn Shaver Tobe and Anne Sherrill Ned and Barbara Simmons Mr. T. Grange Simons, V Dick and Pam Simons Mr. Matt Sloan Dr. Cynthia P. Smith GF Dorothy D. Smith Charitable Foundation Mr. Martin Smith Mr. Richard Smith Ryan and Erin Smith Mr. William Smith Starr and Phil Snead GF Ms. Martha Jane Soltow Gus and Cameron Speth GF Dakota Steiner, Rebecca Steiner and Family Emelia and Jim Stephenson Mr. and Mrs. Barry Storey Charles and Elizabeth Sullivan Ms. Pat Sullivan Suwinski Family Foundation Had and Louise Talbot

Jacques and Natalie Theriot Mr. and Mrs. Richard G. Thomas Mr. James Thompson Mr. and Mrs. Ron Thompson Rab and George Thompson Landon and Leslie Thorne Mr. Michael P. Thornton Mr. and Mrs. R. E. E. Thorpe, Jr. Mr. John H. Tiencken, Jr. The U.S. Charitable Gift Trust Tom Uffelman and Patty Bennett Dr. and Mrs. Greg A. VanDerwerker Mr. Richard E. Watkins Sally A. Webb, M.D. Mrs. Constance F. West Dr. and Mrs. George W. Williams Jay and Jennifer Williams Dr. William Wingfield, Jr. Mr. and Mrs. Jay Winthrop Ms. Martha C. Worthy

$500-$999 Ms. Kate Adams and Mr. Robert Sudderth Richard and Tannis Alkire Mr. and Mrs. James Allhusen Mr. Reed S. Armstrong Association for the Advancement of Restorative Medicine Chuck and Betsy Baker The Barker Welfare Foundation Barrier Island Eco Tours Dr. Randy Basinger and Ms. Louise Burpee Dr. Richard L. Beck Edward and Adelaida Bennett Berkeley County Farm Bureau GF Bridget Besaw Boatwright Family Charitable Fund of the National Christian Foundation Ms. Christine Bogrette Elizabeth Calvin Bonner Foundation General and Mrs. W.E. Boomer Booster U.S. GF Dr. Eloise Bradham Mr. and Mrs. John Burbage The Fund for the Arts Leigh Mary W. Carter Foundation Dr. and Mrs. William C. Carter, III Mr. and Mrs. William Chatfield Andrew Cheever Scott S. Christian and Helen Debutts Christian Mr. and Mrs. William C. Cleveland Community Foundation of Greater Chattanooga, Inc. Robert Conley Judy L. Cunningham Hal Currey and Margaret Schacte Mr. Christopher Davis Davis Family Foundation, Inc. Dayton Foundation Depository, Inc. Mr. and Mrs. Domenico De Sole Curtis and Arianna Derrick Richard and Janet Detwiler Mr. and Mrs. James K. Dias Ms. Ann W. Dibble Mr. and Mrs. Peter B. Dodds Ms. L.M. Drucker Mr. and Mrs. Richard W. Drummond Ms. Candace Dyal Mr. D. Reid Ellis Mark and Kay Ethridge Drs. Jean and Charles Everett

Ms. Nina M. Fair Wayne and Dixie Fanning Mr. and Mrs. Michael J. Feldmann Dr. and Mrs. Robert L. Fenning Ms. Angie C. Flanagan Dr. Sandra L. Fowler Mr. and Mrs. John P. Freeman Fripp Island Turtle Program Dr. Sidney Gauthreaux and Ms. Carroll Belser Dr. and Mrs. Edward M. Gilbreth Dr. Annette Godow and Mr. Mark Eckerling Peter Goodrich Mary Jane Gorman Ms. Mary Louise Graff Lewis Gregory Mr. and Mrs. Barry D. Gumb Ben and Penn Hagood Mr. and Mrs. D. Maybank Hagood GF Blair and Nancy Hahn Drs. Angela Halfacre Shi and David Shi Mrs. Roger Hanahan Dr. Kit M. Hargrove Ms. Sherrerd Hartness Whitney and Elizabeth Hatch Ms. Joy D. Hawkins Mr. William J. Hennessy, Jr. Edwin Hettinger and Beverly Diamond Ms. Susan Hilfer Marilynn Hill Mr. and Mrs. Paul G. Hines Mr. and Mrs. Frank S. Holleman, III Dr. Bill Holt David and Jan House Samuel Howell Mr. Patrick Huguenin Mr. Richard W. Hutson, Jr. Mr. Roger White and Dr. Deanna Jackson Mr. and Mrs. Duncan N. Johnson Ms. May Jones Paul and Marilyn Jones Charitable Fund Rick and Carol Jules Randy and Jan Kienstra Marty and Julie Klaper Henry and Melinda Knight Dr. Markus Kruesi and Mrs. Mary Alice Monroe John and Peggy Kwist Melissa and Michael Ladd Mr. David Lansbury Mr. and Mrs. Peter O. Lawson-Johnston, II Dr. and Mrs. Wood N. Lay Robert and Susan Leggett Ned and Jane Lesesne Elizabeth C. Rivers Lewine Endowment Dr. and Mrs. Lanneau D. Lide Dr. I. Grier Linton, Jr. Mr. and Mrs. William C. Lortz Lyall Family Charitable Fund Scott and Judy MacGlashin Dr. and Mrs. Michael A. Maginnis Sharie and Tim Maloney Gillian and Tony Mark Mark Matlock Mr. and Mrs. James E. Mattei The Mattei Foundation Mr. and Mrs. Clay McCullough GF Dawn McDonald Dr. and Mrs. Keith Merrill Kincaid and Allison Mills Giorgio Misthal Family Fund of the Community Foundation of the Lowcountry Dan and Pam Murphy

Dudley and Ann Myers Ms. Ellen P. Oblow Dr. Patrick M. O’Neil Palmetto Brewing of Charleston LLC GF Mrs. Constance S. Parramore Peter and Lynn Parrott Fund of the Community Foundation of the Lowcountry Mr. J. Randolph Pelzer Pilot House Associates, LLC Mr. Harry Polychron Mr. John T. Poole Ms. Cynthia Swanson Powell Lydia Engelhardt, M.D. and Bill Rambo, M.D. The Honorable Arthur Ravenel and Suzie Ravenel Grant and Vicky Reeves Mr. and Mrs. Thomas R. Rensberry Dr. and Mrs. Jeffrey K. Richards Macon and Jay Richardson Mr. and Mrs. Henry F. and Carmen Vence Rivers Rutkowski Family Fund Mr. and Mrs. Steven J. Sayer SC Conservation Credit Exchange SCF - Organic Farms LTD GF Mr. and Mrs. Edwin F. Scheetz, Jr. Mr. and Mrs. Jerry Schulze Dickie and Mary Schweers Herman Senter Dr. and Mrs. William M. Simpson, Jr. John and Wendy Sizemore Murray and Marsha Smith GF Mr. and Mrs. J. Michael Smith Mr. Tyler A. Smyth GF Rik and Martha Snyder Mark and Susan Solow Mr. and Mrs. Joseph Spector GF Dr. and Mrs. John G. Steedman Dr. and Mrs. J. Howard Stokes, Jr. Mr. and Mrs. Louis E. Storen Mr. Andrew Streit Mr. and Mrs. James Sullivan Jennie Summerall and Stuart Bennett Charles and Jo Summerall Ms. Kathleen Suri Clyde and Carlin Timmons Mark and Lisa Turansky Unitarian Universalist Fellowship of Beaufort UnitedHealth Group United Way of the Lowcountry, Inc. United Way of the Piedmont Mr. and Mrs. Robert von der Luft Mr. and Mrs. Norman Walsh Mr. and Mrs. George P. Watt, Jr. Dr. and Mrs. Robert Ellis Welch, Jr. Dr. and Mrs. James D. Wells Mr. and Mrs. Phil Whirley Mrs. Susan S. Wierdsma Randy and Mary Wilgis Mr. and Mrs. Jeffrey Willian Shane Woolf Mr. and Mrs. Charles L. Wyrick, Jr. Mr. John Young

GF = GrowFood Carolina

** = Deceased

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NEW AND RENEWING MEMBERSHIPS Contributions Received from January 1, 2016 - December 31, 2016

Gifts under $500 270Strategies Virginia Abbott Mr. and Mrs. Daniel C. Abel Nancy Abercrombie Mr. and Mrs. Andrew L. Abrams Mr. and Mrs. Roger Ackerman Mr. and Mrs. Harold H. Adams, Jr. Mr. Keene Adams Mr. Kirk Adams Mr. and Mrs. Charles Agee Ms. Dee Agee Dr. and Mrs. Randy L. Akers Deborah Akins Debra Albanese Ms. Lindsay Albenberg Mr. Christopher Alberta Ms. Patricia Alexander Patricia Allan David Allen Donald M. Allen Mrs. Jane Allen Mr. John Allen Dr. and Mrs. Scott H. Allen Dr. and Mrs. W. Baker Allen Bishop C. Fitzsimons Allison and Mrs. Martha P. Allison Christine Almeida William Byrn Alsup and Sunny Jung Alsup Dr. and Mrs. Alex F. Althausen Don Altman Dr. W. D. Altman and Ms. Joanna Angle Michael Amari Amazon Smile Bruce and Peggy Ambler Lynn Amende Richard Ames Mr. and Mrs. Lewis R. Amis Charles Anderson Judith and Roger Anderson Regina Anderson Mr. and Mrs. W. Swinton Anderson

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Dr. and Mrs. William D. Anderson, Jr. Dr. George Arana and Ms. Gregg Smythe Elizabeth Archer Ms. Amy Armstrong Vivian Asche Cynthia Ashley Joe Ashley Pam and Glenn Ashley Whit Ashley Lt. Col. John F. Atkinson USAF, Ret. Ms. Cynthia Aulbach Claudia and Steve Austin M. L. Avent Mr. and Mrs. David AvRutick Mr. and Mrs. Jason T. Ayers Joseph Azar/Upstairs Audio & Video Mr. Demetri and Mrs. Mallory Baches Dr. Thomas M. Badgett Bob and Judy Bainbridge Dr. Michal Baird and Mr. Jim Darlington Ms. Emily Baker Pete and Mary Balbach Dr. and Mrs. J. Gilbert Baldwin, Jr. Rebecca Balitsaris Brendan Ball Ms. Mary M. Ball Mr. and Mrs. John L. Ballantyne Ms. Jean R. Ballentine Beverly Ballow Rebecca Banet Dr. Lisa K. Barclay Sherman and Carol Barker Mr. Rodney Barlow and Dr. Patricia Fithian Ms. Georgia L. Barnett Ms. Melissa Barrett Chris and Myrna Barton Scott Barton and Jan Sasser Carol Bass Jack Bass and Nathalie Dupre Dr. Susan Bateman Mr. Leslie L. Bateson Mr. John Batson Mr. Edward A. Batten Ms. Elizabeth Baucom Ms. Judith S. Baughman

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Bill and Ann Baughman Mr. Peter Baumann Louise Bavier Bennett R. Baxley Katherine Bayer Leslie Baylis Virginia and Dana Beach John W. Beach Ms. Nellie Beach Wilson and Lynn Beamer Boykin and Barbara Beard Mr. and Mrs. Henry E. Beard, III Ms. Brenda Gale Beasley-Forrest Mr. and Mrs. Robert J. Beattie Tina Beatty The Beaufort Garden Club Mrs. Laura Dukes Beck Chris and Lane Becken Ms. Linda M. Beckham Caroline Beeland and John Moore R. Philip and Roberta A. Bees Don and Carol Beidler Ms. Helen Belencan and Mr. Gary Smith Dr. and Mrs. Norman H. Bell Anne Benbow Benevity Sara Benfield Mr. and Mrs. Craig M. Bennett, Jr. Mr. Edward Bennett, Jr. J. Brett Bennett and Trisha Folds-Bennett Mr. and Mrs. William B. Bennett Mr. and Mrs. Colin C. Bentley Dr. and Mrs. James R. Bergen Judith Berger and Frank Sagendorph Mr. Dan Berman Mr. and Mrs. Leonard Berman Stephen Berman Billie Berne Ms. Evelyn J. Berner Mr. William Bernhard Claude A. Dr Bernheim Dean and Carolyn Berry Mr. and Mrs. Sam G. Berry Mr. Charles J. Bethea Mrs. Katherine B. Beverly Mr. and Mrs. Travis L. Bianchi Mr. Rhett S. Bickley Dr. and Mrs. Charles K. Biernbaum Frank Biggers Mr. John C. Bigler Ms. Vivian Bikulege and Mr. Donald McRae Amy Billerbeck Donna Billings and Dennis White Laurie Bixler Mrs. Billie J. Black Anne Blair Mr. and Mrs. Michael L. Blanding Terry Blanken and Dennis Swartzlander Mr. Benjamin Blanks Dr. and Mrs. Walter Blessing William and Marilyn Blizard Bob and Kevin Bockman John and Karen Boekelheide Cynthia Boensch Ms. Elizabeth L. Boineau Judge and Mrs. H. E. Bonnoitt, Jr. Barbara and Sid Boone

Dr. and Mrs. J. Hartley Bowen Deane Bowers Evelyn Bowler Mr. and Mrs. Larry Bowman Andrea Boyd Mr. and Mrs. James E. Boyd Mr. Burwell Boykin Mr. and Mrs. Rigdon Boykin Michael Boyle Ms. Bonnie Bozorgi Mr. and Mrs. Bill Brabson Mr. Thomas Bradford and Ms. Susan Bass GF Amy Bradley Mr. and Mrs. James M. Brailsford, III Ms. Emily B. Branscome Linden Bransom Amy Brauchle Mr. and Mrs. Lloyd B. Bray John Bredenberg Betty F. Breedlove Ms. Susan Breslin Mr. Thomas Bresnick John and Jan Brewton Mr. and Mrs. Walker Brock John Brodie Mr. Paul Bronzo Ms. Helen B. King Brookes Denis Brooks Eric and Lynn Brown Mel and Jack Brown Dr. and Mrs. Robert O. Brown Ryanne Brown Nancy Brownell Ms. Gail Brownlee Mr. and Mrs. Samuel D. Brownlee, Jr. Daniel Brownstein Ms. Beverly Bruck Ernst and Christina Bruderer Mr. Theodore Brush Scott Bryant JaNaye Bryson Mr. and Mrs. Jonathan E. Buchan Ms. Sandra C. Buchan Dr. and Mrs. William Y. Buchanan, Jr. Mr. and Mrs. Tom Buckner Mr. and Mrs. C. Ashley Bullard Ms. Sandra Bundy Ms. Brenda Burbage Jean R. Burch Laurette Burdyl Ross and Carol Burgess Mr. Dale D. Burke Karen Burnett Mr. and Mrs. Moultrie B. Burns, Jr. Mr. and Mrs. Hardwick H. Burr Mrs. Georgia Burson Carleton and Mary Ann Burtt John R. Busher McBee and Anne Butcher Ms. Barbara B. Butler Mr. and Mrs. Malcolm Butler Dr. and Mrs. Nicholas Butler Paul Byars Ms. Paula W. Byers Shawna Byrne Beverly Cable Mr. Jeffrey Cadwallader

Bill and Margaret Cain Ms. Evelyn E. Caldwell Angie Y. Calhoun Ms. Annalisa Calini Carrie Callaghan Philip Camp Tom and Peggy Camp Mr. Emory Shaw Campbell Kim Campbell Mrs. Barbara C. Canelon Ms. Candace Cannady Catherine Cannon Dr. and Mrs. J. Robert Cantey Marty and Judy Cantor Ms. Frances L. Cardwell Mr. Timothy Carens and Ms. Elizabeth Van Pelt Mr. and Mrs. J. Richard Carling Ms. Crystal Carlson Mr. Samuel C. Carlton Ms. Stella Carmody June Carney Scott Carnley Mr. and Mrs. Alan H. Carothers Cornelia Carrier Linda Carrington Mr. and Mrs. Charles A. Carson, Jr. Ms. Candice Carter Karen Carter Ms. Margaret H. Carter Mrs. Rhea Carter Mr. and Mrs. Thomas B. Carter, Jr. Eleanor and Thomas Carter Mr. and Mrs. George B. Cartledge, Jr. Michael and Dancy Cassell Gwen Cassidy Mr. Jim Cathcart Sondra M. Catts Central Carolina Community Foundation Ed and Anna Ceva Mr. and Mrs. James J. Chaffin, Jr. Tom and Christy Chalk Mary Chaplin Ms. Camilla J. Chapman Hannah Chapman Ronald H. Charron Leah F. Chase Mr. and Mrs. Robert E. Chase Jocelyn Chateauvert Renee Chenue Ms. Lynn C. Chiappone Mr. John F. Chilton, IV Diane Chmelik Jason Cholewa Sarah Cholewinski Lynn Rudmin Chong Mr. Lester Chou Mr. Andy Christian and Ms. Linda Carlile Mr. Joseph F. Christie, Jr. Mrs. Janet Ciegler John and Alice Claggett Addison and Anne Clark Judith Clark Mr. Larry Clark Mrs. Marguerite J. Clark Sally Clark Mr. and Mrs. Hunter L. Clarkson Sarah B. Clarkson Mr. Malcolm L. Clay Mr. and Mrs. Ronald E. Claypool Jim and Patricia Cleary Tom Clements Mr. Michael Cline and Ms. Jennifer Mathis Joann Close Mr. Richard C. Clow Ms. Sara Clow

Ms. Susan Clow Coalition of Concerned Citizens of Williamsburg Marjorie and Paul Coble Ms. Wendy Cochran Ms. Suzanne Coffman Dr. and Mrs. Alexander H. Cohen Mr. and Mrs. Richard T. Cohen Michael Coker Barbara R. Cole Mr. Carl Cole Ms. Dorothy Coley and Mr. Robert Cross Kristy Collins GF Mr. Robert Combs Community Foundation of Greenville, Inc. Mike and Rebecca Compton Mr. and Mrs. William W. Conde, III Ms. Marjorie H. Conner Mr. and Mrs. J. Terrell Cook, Sr. Mr. and Mrs. Robert L. Cook, Jr. Mr. and Mrs. Alec Cooley Suzanne B. Coonen Mr. and Mrs. Edwin H. Cooper, Jr. Gale Cooper Mr. and Mrs. James E. Cooper Mrs. Jeannette M. Cooper Gilbert and Drucilla Copeland Mr. and Mrs. Robert C. Corning Joyce Corns Marco and Katharine Corona Mr. and Mrs. Paul Cote Mr. and Mrs. Leslie A. Cotter, Jr. Senator John Courson Richard and Emma Cowan David and Sandy Cowen Mr. and Mrs. Leland H. Cox, Jr. Mr. Woodrow W. Cox, Jr. Mr. and Mrs. Mark Crawford Julia Crawford Tucker Cecil Crawford Mr. and Mrs. David A. Creech Mr. and Mrs. F. B. Creech, III Mark Creech Steve and Kathy Creech Mr. John C. Creed Susan and Robert Creed Mr. Larry Creel and Ms. Judith Yarbrough James Crocker Chris Crolley Ms. Margaret A. Cromwell Malcolm M. Crosland and Meggett B. Lavin Mr. and Mrs. D.M. Crutchfield Freddie Lynn Crymes Dr. and Mrs. Brian G. Cuddy Ms. Catherine P. Cuneo Lynn Cunningham Mr. and Mrs. James Currie Dr. Ronald J. Curtis Ms. Faison Cushman Mr. and Mrs. Philip Cuthbertson Rebecca Dagley George Dalton Dr. and Mrs. Richard F. Dame, Jr. Mr. and Mrs. Frank J. Dana, III Mr. and Mrs. Kenneth P. Daniels Lucas Daniels Martha Daniels Ruth Darus Rebecca Davenport Will Davidson Mr. Brandon Davis Mr. Charles M. Davis Mr. and Mrs. James C. Davis Joe and Donna Davis Miss Kathy Davis

Ms. Lauren Davis Ms. M. Penelope Davis Mr. and Mrs. Michael W. Davis Richard Davis Mr. and Mrs. Tom Davis Ms. Kay Davy Pamela Dawson Mr. Nick Dean Mr. and Mrs. Morris K. Deason Dr. and Mrs. Paul M. Deaton Ms. Robinn A. DeCecco Drs. Gordon Dehler and Martha Ann Welsh Mr. and Mrs. Robert J. Dehoney Mr. Fowler Del Porto Evaline Delson Ms. Deanna Demory Mrs. Ashley Demosthenes Darrell Denaux Dr. and Mrs. Carl Derrick Mr. and Mrs. Robert K. DeVeer, Jr. Lester Dewalt Shirley and Art Di Salvo Mr. and Mrs. J. Donald Dial and Family Debra M. Dickinson Ms. Susan G. Dickson Mr. Steven C. Diesing Carolyn Nance Dietrich Mr. Michael Dietrich Mr. and Mrs. James B. Docherty Mr. and Mrs. Elliott Dodds Mr. Richard Doelling Mr. and Mrs. Joseph W. Dolan Ms. Ann M. Donaldson Bruce Donatuti Mr. Tim Donnellon Mr. Paul Donnelly Mr. Richard P. Donohoe Irene Dorsey Ms. Carol T. Dotterer Arthur F Doty, III and Bonnie Dean Doty Mrs. Wayne Douglas Mr. and Mrs. G. Geddes Dowling, III Mr. and Mrs. Roderick Dowling Mr. and Mrs. Ron Drabot Mr. and Mrs. John S. Dreier Susan Dressler Mr. and Mrs. Robert T. Drew Ms. Deborah Drinkwater Ms. Elizabeth Plater-Zyberk and Mr. Andres Duany Mr. Eduard Dubbers-Albrecht Dr. and Mrs. Raymond DuBois

Dr. Hugh H. Dubose Mr. and Mrs. Theodore DuBose S. Kimble Duckworth GF Mr. and Mrs. Charles H. P. Duell Dr. William E. Dufford Martha and John Duggan Darragh Dunleavy John and Martha Durst Annie Duryee Mr. and Mrs. Don Dwight Gloria Earnhardt Mr. Don D. Easson East Cooper Newcomers Club Ms. Lynn Eastwood Kathleen Sullivan Eckel Michael and Anna Eddy Ms. Dorothy H. Edgerton Dr. James R. Edinger Edisto Island Community Association Charlotte Edwards Ms. Pamela J. Edwards Mr. and Mrs. Lee Edwards Legrand Elebash Mr. and Mrs. Bruce Elliott David J. Elliott Mr. and Mrs. Pat Ellison Dr. Frances L. Elmore Dr. Leon M. Ember Ms. Frances B. Ennis Ms. Anne C. Epting Bob and Elaine Erichson Nancy Ertel Drs. Douglas and Diane Ervin Ashley Esposito Mr. Jeff Evans Saramel Evans Mr. and Mrs. Blaine Ewing, III Mr. Randell Ewing ExxonMobil Foundation Ms. Carol J. Ezell-Gilson Courtenay and Baron Fain Henry W. Farnum CPA Lee Farnum Dr. Edward and Dr. Betty Farnworth Mr. David Farren John and Dianne Faucette Virginia M. Fay Mr. and Mrs. Trey Fayard Ms. Susan C. Fedor Mr. and Mrs. Lee Feldman Rev. and Mrs. James Fenhagen Mrs. Deborah B. Fenn

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Ms. Karol K. Fenner Avril Fenwick Bob and Debra Ferguson Mr. Dennis Ferguson Pamela Ferguson Ms. Mary Fetscher Mr. and Mrs. Helmut H. Fiedler Mr. David Finger Dr. and Mrs. Gary E. Fink Rev. Mary Mappus Finklea Mr. and Mrs. Joel Finn Mr. and Mrs. William Firth, III Henry and Lurline Fishburne Mr. James Fitch Mr. and Mrs. Edmund J. Fitzgerald Lucas Fleischer Richard Fleming Blair Flesch Ms. Madilyn Fletcher, Ph.D. Arlene Flick Mrs. Rebecca M. Floor Ms. Dianne Flowers Mr. Walker Floyd Mr. David Michael Foley John W. and Sara Jane Foltz Ms. Amanda Ford Mr. and Mrs. Walter E. Fortuna Mrs. Ellen Forwalk Joanne Foster Rev. Rodney Foster and Rev. Joann Foster Mr. Harold I. Fox Ms. Elizabeth Franchini Mr. Alexander L. Franklin, II Mr. E. Douglas Franklin Ms. Mary Edna Fraser and Dr. John Sperry Bob and Mickey Fray Hal Freeman Ms. Kristen French Dr. Charles Friedman and Ms. Karin Volquardsen Mr. Danner Friedman and Ms. Elizabeth Kent Helen Louise Frohlich Trust Mrs. Stephanie Fruchter Mrs. Janet M. Fryman Davis Ms. Joan M. Furlong Mr. and Mrs. W. Foster Gaillard Gordon and Angela Gale Mr. Robert M. Gallant Mr. and Mrs. George Galos Mr. Jeremy Galton Robert O. Gamble Susan Mahon Gamble Mr. and Mrs. Arthur Garcia Mr. Michael Gardner Mr. David Garr and Ms. Deborah Williamson Tom and Betsy Garret William Garrett Michael Gaslin Drs. Thomas and Alice Gasque Eileen Gates Dr. and Mrs. James H. Gault Kinney and Harriette Gause GE Foundation GF Alison and Arthur Geer Mr. Andrew Geer Mr. and Mrs. George R. Geer, Jr. Karen Gentry Mr. and Mrs. James T. Gettys, III Beverly Gholson Ms. Laney Gibbes Reggie Gibson Mr. and Mrs. Steven H. Gibson Mike and Ann Giese Mr. and Mrs. John A. Gilbert Mr. and Mrs. Steven S. Gilbert

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Trevor and Emily Gildea GF Sarah M. Gillespie Benjamin and Jerry Dell Gimarc Mrs. Sharol Giuffre Shirley Glancy The Glass Onion GF Miss Elizabeth B. Glazebrook Mr. and Mrs. John W. Glenn Harry Glover Mrs. Dorothy P. Gnann Melanie Gnazzo and Stuart Lipton Ms. Cathy Godshall GF Mr. Charles R. Goldman Mr. and Mrs. Charles A. Gomulka Mrs. Mary Lou Goodell Mr. Robert W. Gooding Sarajane Goodman Mr. and Mrs. Malcolm Goodridge, III Maggie Goodwin Mr. and Mrs. Melvin H. Goodwin Shane Goranson Penelope Gorby Drs. Donald and April Gordon Mr. and Mrs. Mark Gould Dr. and Mrs. Gene W. Grace Mr. and Mrs. Leslie Grady, Jr. Kirk Grant Linda Grant Jim and Patti Grantham Fund of the Community Foundation of Greenville Anthony P. Grassi and Sally S. Grassi Mr. and Mrs. Paul A. Gravil Lee and Jennifer Grayson Jeff Greco Marian Greely and Darrell Olson Ms. Jennifer Green Mr. and Mrs. John F. Green Mr. Robert L. Green Ms. Cynthia Greene Harlan Greene and Jonathan Ray Jack and Sheila Greenshields Glenna D. Greenslit Senator and Mrs. Chauncey K. Gregory Mr. Jackson V. Gregory Grant and Kathy Greider Mrs. Martha B. Gresham Mr. and Mrs. L. Marion Gressette, III John P. Griffen and Louise S. Griffen Eileen Griffin Susan W. Griffin Mrs. Richard B. Grimball Jim and Josette Grimsley Mr. and Mrs. Robert W. Grochowski Marc Groothaert Jim and Kay Gross Mr. and Mrs. Scott Gupton Dr. Gail J. Guzzo Mr. and Mrs. Clifford S. Hackett Mr. and Mrs. Paul R. Hadley Mr. Michael Haga Helana Hager Mr. Gregory Halasy Mr. Cary H. Hall, Jr. Chip and Betsy Hall Raphael M. Haller Mr. John I. Hallquist Mr. and Mrs. J. William Haltiwanger Diana and George Hambleton C. J. Hammet Family Trust Janis Hammett Rita Hammond Gayle Hampton Mr. Alan Hancock Cmdr. Susan H. Hancock Shirley Hane

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Victoria Hanham-Gross Joy Hansen Mr. Stephen Hanson Carol Hanton Mr. and Mrs. Joseph Happe Dr. and Mrs. Imtiaz Haque Donna Haram Mr. Gerald Haram and Ms. Barbara Gould Dan and Betty Hardaway Ms. Robin L. Hardin Suzanne and Wayne Hardwicke Mr. Robert Hare Dr. William and Eleanor Hare Ms. Dorinda Q. Harmon Joseph Harmon Mr. Roland T. Harper, Jr. Mr. and Mrs. Dean E. Harrigal Mr. and Mrs. Elliott M. Harrigan Dr. and Mrs. John Harrill Margaret Harris Mr. Jon Harrison and Ms. Anne Miller Judy Harrison Mrs. Julian R. Harrison Dr. and Mrs. Frank Hart Mr. Edward A. Harter Katharine M. Hartley Ms. Rosemary Hartnett Heather Hartung Mr. John Hartz Mrs. Lisa Hartzog Connie Haskell Bill and Janet Hassell Jules Hauck Dr. and Mrs. Chris Hawk Dr. and Mrs. Harlan G. Hawkins Marcy Hawley Dr. Edward L. Hay Mr. and Mrs. Henry M. Hay, Jr. Lewis and Kim Hay C & V Hayes Gift Fund of the Bank of America Charitable Gift Fund Knox and Priscilla Haynsworth, Jr. Sarah Hays Dan and Mary Ann Heagerty Mr. and Mrs. Henry C. Hearn, III Dr. and Mrs. Thomas E. Hearon, III Mr. and Mrs. Bruce Hecker Frank and Dorothy Hefner Marc and Betsy Hehn Ms. Marilyn M. Henderson Ms. Katharine Hendrix Pete and Liz Hennrikus Henrich Family Charitable Fund Mr. Dean J. Hewitt Mr. Charles W. High Mr. Wayne High Mr. Max L. Hill, III Hilton Head Island Audubon Society Kathryn Hilton Mr. J. B. Hines, III Anna Kate and Hayne Hipp Mrs. Preston Hipp Kevan and Amy Hirsch Sherry and Kenneth Hirsch Robert and Nancy Hirst Rachael Hochberg Steve and Susan Hoffius Eileen Hoffman Mr. Danial Hoke and Ms. Julie Acker Dr. Bonnie Holaday Katie Holder Dr. Fred Holland Dr. J. W. F. Holliday Ms. Virginia Dare Holliday William Holling

Karen Williams Hollings Ms. Kate Hollos Mr. and Mrs. Paul T. Holmes Wendy Holschuh Ms. Patti Holsclaw Jurij Homziak Mr. and Mrs. Beecher Hoogenboom Chuck Hooker Dr. Christine A. Hope John Hope Dr. George W. Hopkins John R. Hora and June C. Hora Mr. and Mrs. Ozey K. Horton, Jr. Ms. Amy Horwitz and Mr. Norm Shea Mr. and Mrs. Benjamin A. Hough Holly Houghton and David Walker Mr. Arthur House and Ms. Marilyn Miron Woody and Linda House Bob and Bev Howard Gene and Alice Howard Betty Howe Mr. and Mrs. Donald H. Howe Ms. Margaret Howe Ms. Mary Jim Howe Peg Howell Mr. and Mrs. Newton I. Howle, Jr. Mr. and Mrs. Richard A. Hricik Mr. and Mrs. Perry D. Hubbard, III Col. and Mrs. Perry A. Hudel Katy Huger Ms. Maryann Hughes Mr. and Mrs. Benjamin Hughey Mrs. C.J. Humphrey Mr. and Mrs. R. Walter Hundley James and Page Hungerpiller Mr. Gregory Hunt Richard and Margaret Hunt Stephanie and Noel Hunt Terry Hussey Kathryn Huston Brian and Stephanie Hutchins Ms. Hillary L. Hutchinson Leroy Hutchinson and Julia Eichelberger Bootsie Hutchison Heyward and Evelyn Hutson Ms. Mary Pope M. Hutson Thomas D. W. Hutto Ms. Vera C. Hyman IBM International Foundation Ms. Bonnie L. Ideal Ms. Ann B. Igoe Philip Incorvia George and Dorothy Ingram Mr. Bo Ives Jeanine Jacildone Ms. Kathy A. Jackson Wes and Joan Jackson Mrs. Lois McCallum James Nancy and Ricky James ‘Rie James-Roane Robert and Sandra Janiskee Dr. and Mrs. Edward Jauch Ms. Patricia Jaudon Ned and Lucia Jaycocks Jefferson County Farmers Association GF Ms. Marsha B. Jenkins Mr. and Mrs. W. E. Jenkinson, III David and Sharon Jennings Glenn and Ashley Jennings Buddy and Betsy Jenrette Melanie Jerome Ms. Alice Neyle Jervey Bill and Sally Jessee Mr. and Mrs. Thomas R. Jeter Bill Jirousek

Dana Beach

Dr. Ann Johnson Mr. Carl Johnson Chris Johnson Daniel Johnson Gerry R. Johnson Ms. Judith D. Johnson Kristen Johnson Mr. Michael Johnson Nicholas Johnson GF Paula Johnson Ms. Teri Johnson Dr. Bill Johnston Coy Johnston Dr. Elizabeth G. Joiner Angela T. Jones Christopher Jones Mr. and Mrs. Clif S. Jones Colin Jones Craig Jones Mr. Dan Jones Guy Jones and Cynthia Flynn Mr. and Mrs. Joseph D. Jones Margie Ann Jones Mark and Frances Jones Ms. Mary Evelyn Jones Lesley J. Jontos Mr. and Mrs. J. Gwyn Jordan Mr. Robert Jordan Mr. F. Kimball Joyner and Mr. Derek Riggs Mike and Laura Judson Dr. and Mrs. Kenneth S. Kammer Susan Kammeraad-Campbell Mr. Robert A. Kaplan Ali Karn Rick and Becca Kaylor Mrs. Jane McCord Keisler Mr. and Mrs. Bert H. Keller, Jr. Dr. George T. Keller, III Mr. and Mrs. Richard Keller Ms. Sherry W. Kelley Ms. Sally F. Keltner Mr. James O. Kempson Mary Kennedy Mr. and Mrs. R Hunter Kennedy, III Mr. and Mrs. William J. Kennedy Mr. and Mrs. Robbie Kennemur Patricia Keown Ben and Joan Kerrigone Susan Ketchum Dr. and Mrs. James B. Key Mr. and Mrs. Glenn F. Keyes Margaret Kherlopian Norman and Julia Khoury Dr. Anne O. Kilpatrick Ms. Susan Kilpatrick and Mr. Charles Norris Mr. and Mrs. Paul Kimball Mr. Fred W Kinard, Jr. Dana Kindel Advocaat Susan Kindley Mr. and Mrs. Edward King Mr. and Mrs. George S. King, Jr. Mr. and Mrs. Kristopher King Mrs. Sandra King Dr. Katherine Kinghorn Joan Kinne-Shulman Mr. Lincoln Kinnicutt Mark and Nancy Kinzer Patricia W. Kirkland Dr. and Mrs. Thomas A. Kirkland, Jr. Claire Kittle Dixon Kathryn A Kleibacker Mr. and Mrs. Ernest Kleppin, III Denise Klizek Dave and Marilyn Kloepfer Dan Knake

Mrs. Marian Knight Ms. Deborah F. Knowlton Abby Kobrovsky Janis Koenig Marilynn Koerber Mr. and Mrs. Robert C. Kohler Mr. Michael Koon Mr. Wayne Koon Mr. and Mrs. William Korb Ben Korody Mr. Chris Kouri Dr. and Mrs. John Kratz Kimball Kraus Nora Kravec and Charles Cyr Ms. Julia Krebs and Mr. Roger Hux Ms. Nancy M. Kreml Mr. and Mrs. Kenneth L. Kreutzer Kris Kron Kurt Krucke Ms. Catherine Ksenzak Mr. Ralph C. Ksenzak Mrs. Wendy Kulick Dr. and Mrs. Seth P. Kupferman Mrs. Marguerite C. Kwiatkowski Drs. Maryellen and Rogers Kyle L & T Ventures, LLP Dennis Laabs Dr. William Lackstrom and Ms. Kirsten Lackstrom Ms. Joan Smith Ladd Lincoln and Gloria Ladd Anne Lake Jonathan Lamb Mr. Richard Lan Mr. Mike Landrum and Ms. Brenda Smith Suzanne Lane Josephine and Eddie Laney Allison Lang Pearon and Jean Lang Ms. Tori G. Langen Rita Langley Dr. Steven A. Lapp Ms. Paula A. Lareau Jennifer Latimer William Latimore Anna-Marie Laura Brittany Lavelle Tulla Mr. Todd Laventure Dr. and Mrs. Joseph J. Lawton, III

Margaret Lawton and Paul Lund Marion F. Leach Mr. and Mrs. Thomas Leahy Angela E. Lee Anne Rhodes Lee Ms. Caroline W. Lee Ms. Carolyn D. Lee Elizabeth Lee Mrs. Karyn S. Lee Mr. and Mrs. Matt C. Lee Melodie Lee Drs. John and Lynda Leffler Mr. Edward T. Legare Mitzi H. Legerton Mr. and Mrs. W.E. Lehder Lauren Leiman Emily Leland Val Lenington Dr. and Mrs. Gary O. Leonard Ms. Susan M. Leonard Mr. William Lesesne Mr. Merrill D. Lester Todd LeVasseur Ms. Peggy W. Levinson Dr. and Mrs. Jan V. Levitan Mrs. Alice Levkoff Jill Levy Ms. Peggy Lewis Michelle Lewis Mr. and Mrs. Richards C. Lewis, Jr. Mr. Thomas Lewis Mr. Jack Limehouse Pat Lipe Mr. and Mrs. Toney J. Lister John and Lesly Livengood Lisa Livingston Gordon and Catherine Locatis Mr. Matthew Lockhart Ms. Kristen Lococo Gary Long Judith Long Mr. and Mrs. Langdon D. Long Mrs. Marilyn H. Long Susan Lord Mr. and Mrs. Geoffrey R. Lorenz Mr. David Loring Ms. Jessica Loring and Mr. Laurence Rasmussen Mrs. Mary D. Loring

Mr. Rayner Lotton and Mrs. Jane Lotton Rebecca Love Mr. Craig Lovejoy Tommy and Lynne Lovett Mrs. Ingrid E. Low Patricia O. Lowry Mary Ann Lueckel Lamontte Luker Mr. Robbie Lupo Adrienne M. Lustig Mr. and Mrs. Martin E. Lybecker Mr. and Mrs. Garland Lynn Tish Lynn Mr. Andrew M. Lyons Timothy J. Lyons, M.D. James Mabry Mr. and Mrs. Karl E. Mack, Jr. Matthew MacKinnon Meg MacLeod Mrs. Arthur A. Madden Mary Madderom Mr. and Mrs. Leonard Madoff Susan Madson Ronald Maggiore Mr. and Mrs. Robert O. Maguire Drs. John and Siobhan Maize Dr. and Mrs. John C. Maize, Sr. Mr. and Mrs. Stephen W. Malley Mr. and Mrs. Mark Malpas Ted and Ruth Mamunes Robert Manetta Ms. Laurin Manning Dr. and Mrs. Bernard Mansheim Mrs. T. Eston Marchant, Jr. Ms. Helen R. Marine Mrs. Evelyn C. Marion Mr. John Markel and Ms. Fleming Markel William Marscher Darelyn Marshall Lindsay Marshall Marshall Family Fund Mr. Joe Martens Al and Carol Martig Mr. Joseph Martin Ms. Linda R. Mason Brad and Marjorie Masteller Betty Brown Mathisen Mrs. Robert T. Matthew T. Fleming Mattox and Garland Brown Mattox

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Dana Beach

Bob and Judy Maxwell Helen Maybank Mr. and Mrs. Thomas Maybank Mr. and Mrs. Charles A. Mayer Mrs. Linda Mayo-Perez Mrs. Cynthia C. McArthur Duncan McArthur Beverly McBain Audrey McBratney-Bittner Mr. and Mrs. Lee McBride Mr. Charles L. McCallum Arch and Caroline McCallum Mrs. Helen M. McCarthy Mr. James O. McClellan, III President Glenn F. McConnell Mr. John W. McCord Mr. David B. McCormack Mr. Ted McCormack Mary McCormack Christe McCoy-Lawrence Ms. Robin H. McCravy Rob McCue Dr. and Mrs. Layton McCurdy Stuart and Sarah McDaniel Amy McDevitt Ms. Katherine M. McDonald Jane McFaddin and Charles Bryant GF Jerry and Tammy McGee Mr. and Mrs. John McGee Dr. Shelley McGeorge Corrie McGovern Patricia McGowan Tara McGrath and Doug Hatch Ms. Shirley McGreal Ms. Eileen Mary McGuffie Mr. and Mrs. John F. McIlwain Suzanne G. McIntyre Mr. Rod McIver Jay and Betsy McKay Dianne McKenzie Mr. Robert A. McKenzie Lenore McKenzie-Morris Nickie McKnight Charles and Martha McLendon Dr. Phoebe A. McLeod Erin McLoughlin Mr. and Mrs. John Gregg McMaster, III Dr. and Mrs. James F. McNab Sue Ellen McNeil Mr. and Mrs. Terry McPherson Dr. Charles W. McRae Ms. Dorothy H. Meacham Ms. Marcia Meachum Mr. and Mrs. Francis X. Meaney Arthur Meeder Douglas Mellichamp, Jr.

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Della Melton Mrs. Deborah J. Merriam Steven Merrick Chip and Penny Merriman Ms. Constance B. Merwin Ms. Suzanne Meszner-Eltrich Lisa Metro Elizabeth Mevers Boyd Meyer Mr. Jerry Meyer, Jr. Jane Meyerson Ms. Yvonne Michel Mr. and Mrs. Frederick S. Middleton, III Ms. Jill S. Midgett Ed and Christie Miediema Fund Mr. Michael Miele Mr. and Mrs. James R. Mieszala Mr. Pinkney Mikell Mr. and Mrs. William Mildren, Jr. Capt. and Mrs. William L. Miles John and Joanne Milkereit Mr. and Mrs. Carl R. Miller Miller-Maginn Family Fund Bill Miller Mr. and Mrs. Thomas Milliken Mrs. Elizabeth Mills Mr. and Mrs. David F. Mims David Minor Mr. and Mrs. John M. Mirsky Marion and Sara Mitchell William Mitchell Michael and Annie Mithoefer Ms. Darlene H. Moak Ms. Teresa A. Modrell Mr. and Mrs. Larry Moerke Ms. Mary Lou Monaghan Mr. Steve Monger Mark Monson Chuck and Rachel Montgomery John Montgomery Mr. and Mrs. Mac Montgomery Be Moore John and Harriett Moore Dr. Joseph C. Moore, Jr. Laurie Moore Peg Moore Dr. Richard Moore and Ms. M. Robin Morris Mr. and Mrs. Tyre H. Moore Wayne and Elise Moore Mr. and Mrs. Thomas C Moorer, Jr. Ms. Anita Moran Karen Morgan Kat Morgan Steven Morgan Mr. and Mrs. Art S. Morgenstern Mr. and Mrs. Edmond N. Moriarty, III

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Abby Morris Alice Morrisey Ms. Allison Elise Morrison Mr. and Mrs. Harry J. Morton Dr. and Mrs. Artus Moser, Jr. Laura E. Moses Perry and Bonnie Moses Mr. and Mrs. Robert A. Moses Mr. and Mrs. Thomas Mosimann, Jr. Ms. Anne B. Moss Mr. and Mrs. Paul H. Mougey Dr. Maxwell Mowry Mr. and Mrs. Thomas Muench Mr. and Mrs. John Muench Denise M. Mulvihill, M.D. Mr. and Mrs. Charles Munson Ms. Roberta Murchison Eisuke and Daryll Murono Mr. and Mrs. Lawrence Murphy Ms. Catherine Murphy Susan Murphy Thomas and Sally Murphy Mr. and Mrs. Todd Murray Aaron and Erika Myers Janet Narten Adam Nasse Timothy Nauss Henry W. Needham Cheyenne Neff Cheryl Neison Mr. Eric H. Nelson Drs. James and Noreen Nelson Joanne Nelson Marjorie P. Nettles Network For Good Mr. Robert F. Neville Cheryl and Fred Newby Mr. and Mrs. William S. Newby Sally and John Newell Newkirk Environmental, Inc. Catherine Newman Ms. Elizabeth Newman Mrs. Phillis Newman Mr. Bruce Newton and Ms. Judy Sperling-Newton Charles Newton Rhonwen L. Newton Annette Nielsen Mrs. Alice B. Nix Brooke Niznik Michele Noel Tara Noone Frank and Mackey Norris Dr. Joye A. Norris Mr. Michael Norris Ms. Susan B. Norton Mr. and Mrs. Frank W. Norvell Ms. Sis Nunnally Mrs. Mary Kathlyne Nussbaumer Ms. Erin O Larry O’Briant Heather O’Brien Dennis and Margaret Hawk O’Brien Michelle O’Brien Mrs. Mary M. O’Connell Dr. William F. O’Dell Thomas Ognibene Mr. Karl F. Ohlandt Mrs. Pam Ohlandt Rob O’Keefe Tom and Beth Oliver Mr. and Mrs. Ollie Olivier Geno and Mel Olmi Anne Olsen Mr. and Mrs. Roger D. Olson

Dr. Thomas O’Neal and Ms. Helen Drivas Thomas J. Orr and Maria M. Orr Mr. Hamilton Osborne, Jr. Ms. Jean L. Osborne Mr. J.R. Osburn Ms. Brenda S. O’Shields Roger O’Sullivan Mary Otocka Dr. and Mrs. Robert S. Ottinger Steve and Cindy Ouzts Mrs. Pamela Martin Ovens David and Joan Owen Owen McClinton Family Fund Dr. Jeanne Owen Roy Owen and Sue McClinton Dave Owens David and Deborah Oyster Dr. Artur Pacult Mrs. Anne V. Padgett Ken and Jane Padgett Fred Palm Dr. Olivia C. Palmer Phoebe and Paul Palmer Palmetto Garden Club of South Carolina David and Rebecca Pardue Catharine Parker Mrs. D. Williams Parker Mr. and Mrs. Donald F. Parker Mr. and Mrs. Edward F. Parker, Jr. Mr. and Mrs. Russell Parker Mr. Samuel P. Parker, Jr. Roger F. Pasquier Margaret Passailaigue Erin Hardwick Pate Blake Patterson Brooks and Adair Patterson Mr. Hayes H. Patterson, Jr. Mrs. Lee Patterson Mr. and Mrs. Stanley L. Pauls Ani Paulson Dr. and Mrs. B. Daniel Paysinger Mr. Frank Peabody Elizabeth Peacock Shirley Pearson Mr. and Mrs. Thomas Peck Gail Peeler Susan Peirce Ms. Margaret Ellen Pender Ellison Pennewill Dr. and Mrs. Samuel J. Peretsman Dr. Michael M. Perkins Marty and Jeri Perlmutter Sara Perry Bruce Peterson Mr. David Peterson Mr. D. Lindsay Pettus Mrs. Patsy K. Pettus Jennie and Vincent Peze Mrs. Janice N. Pfeiffer The Pfizer Foundation Matching Gifts Program Tom Philbrick Dana Phillips Ms. Victoria Phillips Mr. and Mrs. Jon Piebenga Ms. Patricia A. Pierce Dr. Orrin Pilkey Mr. Roger Pinckney Joy B. Pinson Donna M. Pitcher V. Adm. Douglas C. Plate Dr. and Mrs. Keith C. Player Dr. and Mrs. T. Carroll Player, Jr. Mrs. Mary Poehlein Barbara Poole Mr. and Mrs. Michael L. Porter

Richard and Arlene Porter Dr. and Mrs. William Post Dr. and Mrs. Jan H. Postma, Jr. Jean and Annabel Pougnier Mr. and Mrs. Frank Powell Ulrike E. Powell Heather Powers Ms. Whitney Powers Mr. William Pregnall Mr. Norris Preyer and Dr. Lucy Preyer Katherine Pringle Mrs. Sarah G. Pringle Dr. and Mrs. William H. Prioleau, Jr. Mr. and Mrs. Ward Pritchett Mr. and Mrs. Jim M. Prutting Andrea Pruzin Drs. Evan and Marie Pucillo Mr. and Mrs. Marc Puntereri Kristin Purdy Terry and Mary Ann Putnam Mr. and Mrs. William C. Putnam Dr. Ann A. Quattlebaum Lillian Quinn Tzipi Radonsky Dianna and Thomas Rae Mr. Frank W. Rambo Dr. and Mrs. William M. Rambo, Jr. Drs. Ross and Laura Rames Ms. Cheryl Randall Paula Randler Dr. and Mrs. Alan Randolph Ms. Marjorie Rath and Mr. David Bachman Sam Ratner Dr. and Mrs. Daniel Ravenel Mrs. Eva Ravenel Linda Raymond Mr. Douglas A. Rayner Pringle - Read Endowment Mr. and Mrs. Peter B. Read Mr. and Mrs. Theodore H. Reading, II Elizabeth Ream Farilyn Rearden Mr. and Mrs. Robert P. Rebhan Dr. and Mrs. Frederick E. Reed, Jr. Mr. William Reehl Jerry Regenbogen Mr. and Mrs. William D. Reid Ms. Sherry Remillard Mr. and Mrs. Reese Rencher Ms. Cindy Renkas Roberta Reynes and Chester Stark Janet Kathleen Reynolds Susan Reynolds Mrs. Frank Rhett Bryn O. Richard Mr. Wayne Richard Mr. Terry E. Richardson, Jr. Mr. and Mrs. William C. Richardson Mr. and Mrs. Arthur L. Rickenbaker, Jr. Harry Ricker, Jr. Mary Rogers Ridgeway Mr. Frederick W. Riesen, Jr. Dr. Nicholas Rigas Jonathan Rittenhouse Riverbank Veterinary Clinic Ms. Beverly Rivers Ms. Carolyn Rivers and Mr. Henk Brandt Jan Rivers Mrs. Anne M. Roberts Dr. and Mrs. H. Douglas Robertson Mr. and Mrs. Mark Robertson Dan Robinson Ms. Jeanne B. Robinson GF Jill Robinson Tom Robinson

Mr. Brent Roble Mr. and Mrs. Harold E. Robling Kevin Rockitter Mr. Ron A. Rocz Michael and Corrine Roe Lea Rohrbaugh Amy Romanczuk John and Nell Romanosky Mr. and Mrs. Randy R. Romberger Mr. Jan Roosenburg and Ms. Nina Rumbaugh Ms. Sue Briggum Rose Dr. and Mrs. Ken Rosefield Dr. and Mrs. Samuel H. Rosen Carlin Rosengarten Theodore and Dale Rosengarten Noah Rosenstein Rothnie Family Fund Mr. Herb Rothschild Mr. and Mrs. Alwyn Rougier-Chapman Mr. and Mrs. William A. Roumillat Dr. and Mrs. William A. Roumillat, II Diana Rouse Barbara Royer Ms. Traylor Rucker Mr. Justin I. Rummage Dr. and Mrs. James P. Rush Ms. Meredith Russo Dr. and Mrs. Jeremy Rutledge Mr. Joseph W. Rutter Mr. and Mrs. John I. Saalfield, Jr. Michael and Nancy Salas Mr. Kirkpatrick Sale Mark and Jane Salley Hannah Salters Lisa Saltzburg James Salvo Kristin Sanborn Mr. Michael S. Sand Ms. Dorothy M. Sanders Ms. Felicia J. Sanders Susan Sanders Mr. George W. Sanford Mr. and Mrs. Chester E. Sansbury Sarah Sass Dr. and Mrs. Frank M. Sawyer Mrs. Louise Sawyer Conway and Bart Saylor Lucy Scardino Mr. Mark Schactman Ms. Susanna Schantz Mr. Thomas R. Schanz Julie Schmidt Mr. and Mrs. George Schneider Mike Schock Ms. Judith Schoeck Elizabeth Scholl Mr. and Mrs. Robert W. Schuhmacher David Schulte Bruce Schultz Jan Schumann Betty E. Schuster Mr. and Mrs. Stephen B. Schwartz Dr. and Mrs. C. W. Schwenzfeier Chris Scudder Gerald Scurry Peyre and Clare Scurry Sea Island Gardening Group GF Seabrook Island Natural History Group Ms. Cynthia Seabrook Ms. Barbara P. Searle Mr. Stephen Sedlak Debbie Hirshberg Segars Mr. and Mrs. Greenville Seibels Mr. and Mrs. Robert Seibels Dalmer and Judith Sercy

Ms. Helene Settle Ms. Jane D. Settle Mr. Stan Severance Dr. and Mrs. Scott C. Shaffer Alexandra Sharp Ms. Mary E. Sharp Mr. and Mrs. Norman C. Sharp Mr. Bill Sharpton Mr. and Mrs. Gerald J. Shealy Dr. and Mrs. Harry E. Shealy, Jr. Mr. and Mrs. Stuart A. Sheldon Mr. and Mrs. William H. Shelley, Jr. Mrs. Evie Shelton Katherine Sherpa Mr. and Mrs. Raymond M. Sherry Short Grain GF Mrs. Pamela B. Shucker Nancy Shuler Peter Sibley Jerry and Nancy Sifford Ms. Eloise Sills Dr. Dan Silver Mr. and Mrs. James Silvers, Sr. Mrs. Katherine Silvia Mrs. George E. Simmons Dr. and Mrs. Jack W. Simmons, Jr. Dr. Lawrence J. Simms Jule Simons Mr. and Mrs. Carl Simpson, III Ms. Meredith Daniel Sims Philip and Jane Sine Mr. and Mrs. William F. Singleton Mr. and Mrs. Huger Sinkler, II Mr. Uldis K. Sipols Mr. and Mrs. Elliott M. Skidmore Michelle Skowron Lynn Sloan Mr. Mark Sloan and Ms. Michelle Van Parys Mr. and Mrs. Peter Slone Dr. and Mrs. Arthur R. Smith Dr. and Mrs. C. D. Smith, III Eric Smith and Cynthia Holding-Smith Mr. and Mrs. Gary C. Smith Gerald and Pat Smith The Honorable Gerald M. Smith Mrs. John Gettys Smith Ms. Juliana Smith Ms. Katherine Smith Maria Smith Murrell and Macauley Smith Mr. and Mrs. Park B. Smith, Jr. Mr. and Mrs. Richard Smith, Jr. Dr. Robert Smith and Ms. Margaret Creighton Roddy Smith Mr. and Mrs. Shawn K. Smith Mr. Harry F. Smithson Benjamin Smoot Mr. and Mrs. George Smyth, Jr. Ms. Caroline Smythe William J. Snelling and Deborah P. Snelling Dr. and Mrs. James F. Snyder Mr. Andrew H. Sohor Mr. and Mrs. Paul W. Soldatos Ms. Robin Solomon Mr. D. Paul Sommerville Ms. Lowell A. Sopcisak Ms. Elizabeth B. Sosa Ginger Sottile Mr. and Mrs. John South Ms. Mary Ann Sowell Shannon Spach Mr. Mike Spath and Ms. Donna Whinnery Mr. and Mrs. James C. Spears, Jr. Robb Spencer Ms. Kathleen A. Spring

Dr. and Mrs. Mark C. Stamey Lily Stanton Mr. and Mrs. Richard Stanton Annie Steele Dr. and Mrs. Thomas E. Steele Mr. Charlie Steifle Ms. Mary E. Steimen Ms. Barbara Stein Jonathan and Ann Stein Mr. and Mrs. Scott Stein Mrs. Sandra S. Stephan Cynthia Stetzer Dr. Faye B. Steuer Mr. and Mrs. John C. Stevens, III Beth Stevenson Mrs. Charles Stockell Kristina Stoddard Ms. Debra E. Stokes Brenda Stone Elizabeth Stone Jessica Stone Rosie Stone Vicki Stone Robert Stoothoff Charitable Fund Douglas Storrs Chris Strobel Mr. and Mrs. Bill Strother John and Pam Stuart Mr. and Mrs. James S. Stuckey Mac Stuckey Mr. Richard Stuhr Ms. Candice L. Suggars Laurel Suggs Mr. Eugene Sullivan Mr. and Mrs. John P. Sullivan, III Laura Sullivan Ms. Susan P. Sullivan Dr. and Mrs. Charles P. Summerall, III The Sunshine Foundation Mr. William H. Sutherland, Jr. Mr. and Mrs. E. Randall Swan, Jr. David and Cathy Swanson Dean and Margery Swanson Thomas Sweeny and Sally Burnett Mr. Elliott Sweet, M.D. Ms. Janet Swigler and Mr. James McMahon Col. and Mrs. Paul J. Sykes Marla Talley Merike Tamm Mr. Reed C. Tanner Gary Tate Dr. and Mrs. Harold Simmons Tate, Jr. Dr. and Mrs. Edmund R. Taylor Mr. and Mrs. Howard P. Taylor Ted’s Butcher Block Dr. Ronald Teed Dr. and Mrs. David J. Tennenbaum Mr. and Mrs. Stuart Tenney Mr. and Mrs. Edward W. Terrill Louis and Jane Theiling Mrs. Pam Thesing Mr. Bill Thomas C.P. and Mary Thomas Mr. Richard Thomas Drs. Christine and C. Murry Thompson, Jr. Mr. David M. Thompson Ms. Laura R. Thompson, Ph.D. Ms. Mereta Thompson and Mr. Phil Dillon Robert and Murray Thompson Dr. Susan B. Thompson Mr. Edward Thoms Mr. Thomas E. Thornhill Mr. and Mrs. Phillip R. Thornton John Tibbetts and Catherine Fahey Ann Tighe

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Dana Beach

Mr. Keith Timmons Mr. and Ms. Thad Timmons Mr. Tom Tindall Nancy Tinney Mr. and Mrs. Louis C. Tisdale, Jr. Tivko, LLC Finklea and Kim Tomlinson Mr. Edward Townsend James and Katheryne Trammell Mr. Nick Treseder John and Grace Trinkl Dr. Roger J. Troutman Dr. Ann Truesdale and Mr. James Truesdale Dan and Cindy Tufford Drs. David and Cathleen Tuley Mr. William V. Turner Rebecca H. Tuten Ms. Sally Tuten and Mr. Y. S. Linder Mr. William C. Twitty, P.E. John Tynan Cathy Ulber Dr. and Mrs. Ambrose G. Updegraff Joan and Martin Ustin Barbara Van Blarcum Mr. John F. Van Dalen Ms. Kathryn Van Heirseele Mr. Roger D. Van Horsen Montie Van Nostrand and Family Mr. and Mrs. Richard D. Vanderwarker Mr. Daniel G. Vara Tradd Varner Gail Vaughan Mr. and Mrs. Jonathan G. Verity Eleanor Veronee Mr. and Mrs. Thomas D. Verville Richard and Helga Vogel Martin Vogt Jerry and Connie Voight Mr. Johann Von Asten Mr. and Mrs. Carl H. Von Ende Dr. and Mrs. John N. Vournakis Dale Voyles Virginia Wagner Ms. Susan E. Waites

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Laurie Walden Mr. David J. Waldron Alice and Doug Walker Mr. and Mrs. David C. Walker Mr. and Mrs. Frank S. Walker Mrs. Mary Alice Walker Ms. Sally B. Walker Susan W. Walker Richard G. Wall Ms. Elise Wallace Nathaniel Wallace Mr. Peter Wallace and Ms. Judith Kramer Dr. and Mrs. Thomas Walle Mr. R. Scott Wallinger Connie Walpole Mary Ann Walsh Mr. and Mrs. Ronald L. Walsworth Ms. Susan E. Walters Martie Wand Billy Want and Sharon Bennett Dr. and Mrs. Keeling A. Warburton Mr. and Mrs. Robert Warden Ms. Elizabeth Warner John and Caroline Warren Ms. Esther Warshauer-Baker Leigh Ann Waslien Kurt and Joan Wassen Mr. James Waters GF Nancy Waters Peggy Watkins Ms. Elizabeth D. Watson Mrs. Lolita T. Watson Mr. and Mrs. Sam Watson Mr. and Mrs. Sam Watson, Jr. Paul Watts Ms. Donna L. Webb Mr. and Mrs. John W. Webster Mr. and Mrs. Ernest Wehman, Jr. Mr. Jay Weidner Dr. and Mrs. Robert M. Weir Jerry Weise and Carolyn Fuller Kenny Welborn Allison Welch Julia Welch

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Brendan Welsh Patrick Welsh Robertson and Priscilla Wendt Charles Wenner Ms. Sheila Wertimer and Mr. Gary Gruca George West Mr. and Mrs. Henry J. West Dr. and Mrs. Timothy H. West Mr. and Mrs. George Westerfield Mr. and Mrs. Jason Westmeyer Mr. David Wethey and Ms. Sarah Woodin Krista Whalen GF Mr. and Mrs. Alexander R. Whan Brooks Wharton Kristina Wheeler Joe Whetstone and Janet Wedlock Mr. and Mrs. Alfred White Greg White and Kristin Krantzman Susan White Dr. and Mrs. Weave Whitehead Missy Whitmire Barbara Whitney Bob and Anne Whittemore Mr. and Mrs. Hans J. Wiegert Mrs. Mary Theresa Wightman Dara Wilber, Ph.D. Dick and Margaret Wildermann Ms. Walda Wildman and Mr. Mack Maguire Ms. Andrea Wiley Patrick Kelley and M. Kathleen Wiley Dr. and Mrs. Charles A. Wilfong John and Amelia Wilkinson Mr. Phillip Wilkinson Mr. and Mrs. D. L. Willett Barbara and Gene Willhoft Ms. Beth Williams Dee Dee Williams Ms. Carolee Williams and Mr. Douglas James Carrie Williams Mr. James Williams Ms. Melinda E. Williams Dr. and Mrs. T.D. Williams, III Mr. and Mrs. Benjamin F. Williamson Mr. and Mrs. Benton D. Williamson

Mr. DuBose Williamson, Jr. Jeremy and Lisa Willits Wills Massalon & Allen LLC Mr. and Mrs. Bill Wilson Mr. Chisolm Wilson Mr. and Mrs. D. Mark Wilson Mr. and Mrs. David L. Wilson Emilie J. Wilson Mr. and Mrs. James Wilson Dr. and Mrs. John W. Wilson, Jr. Nancy Wilson Stephen Wilson Mr. Thomas Wilson Ms. Wendy Wilson Dr. and Mrs. W.C. Wilson Idee Winfied Dr. Jerry Phillips Winfield Ms. Barbara Winslow Ms. Deborah S. Winter Dr. D. Reid Wiseman Drs. David Wishart and Josephine Wilson Elizabeth J. Witham Mrs. Johnnie L. Witt Jonathan Witt Mr. Paul Wojoski Tom Wolfe Michael Wolfman Ms. Patricia Wolman Mrs. Amelia K. Wood Edith Wood Joann Sullivan Wood Mr. and Mrs. Henry Woodhead Mr. and Mrs. Charles L. Woodruff Ms. Maggie Woodruff Willann Woodward Michael Worley Kelsey Worrell Ms. Frances Worthy Daphne Wright Mrs. Ellen H. Wright Rhonda Wright Capt. and Mrs. Richard T. Wright Mr. Victor G. Wright Andrew Wunderley Mr. David Wyanski and Ms. Andrea Smith Brad Wyche and Diane Smock Ms. June Yanick Yankee Candle Janie Hindman Yeargin Mr. and Mrs. Charles Yorke Cristina Young Mr. and Mrs. J. Rutledge Young, Jr. Kurt Young Mrs. Noel C. Young Mr. and Mrs. Thomas E. Young, Jr. Jane Yousey Mr. and Mrs. Richard Yow Julie Zachowski Ms. Wendy Zara Kristin Zeaser-Sydow Ms. Martha Zierden and Mr. Eddie Stroman Joe and Charlotte Zimmerman Lucia Zimmerman Mr. Simpson J. Zimmerman, Jr. John and Jill Zlogar Mr. and Mrs. Eric S. Zolman Mr. and Mrs. John Zubizarreta Mr. and Mrs. Dieter zur Loye

GF = GrowFood Carolina

** = Deceased

GROWING TOGETHER CAMPAIGN Contributions received through December 31, 2016

Mr. and Mrs. W. J. Leath, Jr. Mr. T. Cartter Lupton, II GF Ms. Lee Manigault Mr. Pierre Manigault Mr. and Mrs. W. Wallace McDowell Mr. and Mrs. James R. McNab, Jr. Mr. and Mrs. Michael G. McShane Dr. and Mrs. Richard B. Morawetz Ms. Justine J. Nathan Mr. Arnold Nemirow Mr. and Mrs. Stephen M. Parks Guy and Cheryl Paschal Pathfinder Foundation, Inc. GF Fred and Joan Pittman Post and Courier Foundation Mr. and Mrs. Michael B. Prevost The George and Mary Rabb Charitable Fund James O. and Harriet P. Rigney Endowment Mr. John M. Rivers, Jr. John M. Rivers, Jr. Foundation, Inc. Margot and Boykin Rose Peter Roy, Rice Bluff Charitable Fund GF Mr. and Mrs. Richard R. Schmaltz Jeffrey Schutz and Charlotte Caldwell GF Hilton and Catherine Smith GF Mr. and Mrs. T. Paul Strickler Charley and Susan Tarver Mr. John Thompson and Ms. Julia Forster Mark and Lisa Turansky Mr. and Mrs. James C. Vardell III and Family David and Ann Westerlund Joe and Terry Williams Mr. and Mrs. John Winthrop Stephen and Suzan Zoukis

PLANNED GIFTS Nancy Appel Bailey Bolen GF Jennifer Davis Mr. Elliott Dodds and Dr. Cynthia B. Dodds Berryman W. Edwards Linda Ketner Mike and JoAnne Marcell Mr. and Mrs. W. Wallace McDowell S. Kim and Patricia Reed Roy Richards, Jr. Margot T. Rose Richard Schmaltz Suzan and Stephen Zoukis

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Richard Beck

Anonymous (4) Mr. and Mrs. Johnston Adams Penny and Bill Agnew Jim and Tina Allen Nancy Appel and Mitchell Sadoff Mrs. Ann R. Baruch Virginia and Dana Beach Mr. J. Anderson Berly, III Henry M. Blackmer Foundation, Inc. GF Ms. Margaret P. Blackmer GF Bailey Bolen and Carol Ervin GF Butler Conservation Fund, Inc. Mr. and Mrs. Jamie W. Constance Mr. and Mrs. Edwin H. Cooper, III Katharine and John Crawford Family Endowment The CWD3 Fund of Coastal Community Foundation of SC Ms. Jennifer Davis Oliver S. and Jennie R. Donaldson Foundation GF Ms. Ceara Donnelley and Mr. Nate Berry Mr. and Mrs. P. Steven Dopp Mr. and Mrs. Berryman W. Edwards Paula R. Feldman GF The Festoon Foundation, Inc. Ms. Catherine H. Forrester Mr. and Mrs. Walter L. Foulke The Samuel Freeman Charitable Trust Larry and Nancy Fuller Laura and Steve Gates Joseph and Carson Gleberman The William and Mary Greve Foundation, Inc. The Edwin and Ellen Harley Family Fund Katharine and Winslow Hastie Mr. and Mrs. R. Glenn Hilliard Mr. Hank Holliday Mr. William Kennard and Ms. Deborah Kennedy Kennard Linda Ketner Mr. and Mrs. Charles G. Lane Mr. and Mrs. Hugh C. Lane, Jr. Mills Bee Lane Foundation Mike Lata GF

IN HONOR OF/MEMORIALS In memory of Dr. Albert F. Aiken Mr. and Mrs. Langdon D. Long

In honor of Amy, Laura and Carolyn Ms. Catherine P. Cuneo

In honor of John and Mary Bailes Mike and Rebecca Compton

In honor of Phyllis and Jim Barrett Ms. Melissa Barrett

In honor of Virginia and Dana Beach James Mabry Mr. John M. Rivers, Jr. John M. Rivers, Jr. Foundation, Inc.

In celebration of John Moore’s birthday Ms. Mary Evelyn Jones

In memory of Prescott H. Brownell Lynn Amende Mr. and Mrs. John McGee Lindsay Albenberg Addison and Anne Clark Ms. Kay Davy Virginia M. Fay Marian Greely and Darrell Olson Gayle Hampton Mr. Brent Roble Ms. Kathleen Suri Dale Voyles

In memory of Russell Burns Kim Campbell

In memory of Thomas H. Cable Billie Berne Claude A. Dr Bernheim Mr. Jeffrey Cadwallader Mrs. Marguerite J. Clark Ms. Wendy Cochran Mr. and Mrs. J. Henry Fair, Jr. Mr. and Mrs. Lee Feldman Mr. and Mrs. Charles A. Gomulka Mr. Arthur House and Ms. Marilyn Miron Brian and Stephanie Hutchins Mr. and Mrs. Duncan N. Johnson Mr. and Mrs. Richard Keller Mr. and Mrs. William C. Lortz

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Boyd Meyer Mr. Michael Miele Mr. and Mrs. William Mildren, Jr. Ms. Mary Lou Monaghan Lane and Lucile Morrison Pilot House Associates, LLC Kristin Sanborn Mr. Mark Schactman Elizabeth Scholl Mr. and Mrs. J. Michael Smith Mr. and Mrs. Stuart Tenney Mr. Richard Thomas Landon and Leslie Thorne Mr. and Mrs. Robert von der Luft Mr. and Mrs. John W. Webster Mr. and Mrs. Alfred White In memory of John T. Carr, Oscar Carr, Billie Carr Houghton and The Rev. Alanson Houghton Mr. and Mrs. Johnston Adams In memory of Henry Carter Ms. Margaret A. Cromwell

In honor of Nancy Cave Coalition of Concerned Citizens of Williamsburg Mr. and Mrs. Walter E. Fortuna

In honor of Ms. Sara Clow Sea Island Gardening Group

In memory of Carrie M. Cowan Mr. and Mrs. Charles A. Mayer In honor of Kevin and Jen Crabb Carrie Callaghan

In memory of Anna C. Crawford Virginia and Dana Beach

In honor of Erin Crouse and CJ Hardin Nancy Tinney In memory of Lance Curry Nancy Appel Booster U.S. Mr. James Waters

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In memory of Mr. Frank J. Dana Dr. Hugh H. Dubose

In honor of Lucy Seabrook, Fleetwood and Elizabeth Hassell, Mike and Mary Stuart Sutton, and Charles and Virginia Lane Rev. and Mrs. Henry E. Avent, Jr.

In memory of Francis and Julia Dougherty Dr. and Mrs. Harold Simmons Tate, Jr.

In honor of Mrs. Lisa DuBois Dr. and Mrs. Raymond DuBois

In memory of Thomas P. Duke, III John and Peggy Kwist

In honor of Michael and Helen Ford Mr. and Mrs. H. Charles Ford

In honor of Charley Tarver and Gordon Gale Mr. and Mrs. Barry Storey

In memory of Daniel Goldstein Marty and Judy Cantor Bob and Elaine Erichson Frank and Dorothy Hefner Dr. and Mrs. Samuel H. Rosen Mr. and Mrs. Stephen B. Schwartz Mr. and Mrs. Leonard Berman

In honor of Mary Jane Gorman Duncan McArthur

In memory of Bill Hammond Mr. and Mrs. D.M. Crutchfield

In honor of Ms. Sherrerd Hartness Brooks and Adair Patterson In honor of Mr. and Mrs. Richard K. Heusel Mrs. Rhea Carter

In memory of The Rev. Alanson Houghton Mr. and Mrs. Johnston Adams Nancy and Billy Cave The Honorable Amory Houghton, Jr. The Meadows Charitable Trust Ms. Evelyn E. Caldwell

In memory of Billie Carr Houghton Mr. and Mrs. Johnston Adams The Honorable Amory Houghton, Jr. The Meadows Charitable Trust Ms. Evelyn E. Caldwell

In honor of Sommer Ingram Mr. Nick Dean

In memory of Mr. Donald Kidd Ms. Elizabeth B. Sosa

In memory of Mike King Nancy and Billy Cave

In memory of Ms. Jane E. Lareau Ms. Catherine G. Rogers Mr. and Mrs. Kenneth P. Daniels Drs. Jean and Charles Everett Dr. and Mrs. Richard C. Hagerty In honor of Grant and Barbara MacKinnon Matthew MacKinnon In memory of Mrs. Octavia M. Mahon Mr. and Mrs. Michael L. Blanding Mr. and Mrs. Rigdon Boykin Ms. Helen B. King Brookes Mary Chaplin Mr. and Mrs. James E. Cooper Mr. and Mrs. F. B. Creech, III Steve and Kathy Creech Mr. and Mrs. J. Donald Dial and Family John and Martha Durst Gloria Earnhardt Miss Elizabeth B. Glazebrook Susan W. Griffin Dr. and Mrs. Thomas E. Hearon, III Mr. Gregory Hunt Mr. and Mrs. W. E. Jenkinson, III Mr. and Mrs. Thomas R. Jeter Mrs. Jane McCord Keisler Tommy and Lynne Lovett Chip and Penny Merriman Mr. and Mrs. Thomas Milliken Wayne and Elise Moore Perry and Bonnie Moses Mr. and Mrs. Robert A. Moses Marjorie P. Nettles Mr. J.R. Osburn

David and Joan Owen Ms. Margaret Ellen Pender Jean and Annabel Pougnier Farilyn Rearden Dr. and Mrs. Ken Rosefield Debbie Hirshberg Segars Mr. and Mrs. Carl Simpson, III Mr. and Mrs. Bill Strother Mr. and Mrs. James S. Stuckey Robert and Murray Thompson Ms. Beth Williams Dr. and Mrs. T.D. Williams, III Wills Massalon & Allen LLC Willann Woodward The children of Helen M. James Montie VanNostrand Jimmy James Marie James-Roane In memory of Benjamin Evans Mayer Mr. and Mrs. Charles A. Mayer

In honor of Emily Mayer Leigh Ann Waslien

In memory of Ronnie Mercer Mr. Reed C. Tanner

In honor of Mr. and Mrs. Thomas P. Morrison Dr. and Mrs. Charles C. Geer

In honor of Sylvia Moseley Mr. Victor G. Wright

In memory of Elizabeth C. Nettles William D. Nettles, Jr.

In honor of Ms. Natalie Olson East Cooper Newcomers Club

In memory of Dr. Bruce Pratt Mrs. Sarah G. Pringle

In honor of Mr. Richard Rainaldi and Ms. Martha Records Tom and Christy Chalk Dr. and Mrs. Ed Miedema

In memory of Dr. James C. Reynolds Mr. and Mrs. Leland H. Cox, Jr. Miss Elizabeth B. Glazebrook Dr. and Mrs. John Harrill Jay and Betsy McKay Rhonwen L. Newton Frank and Mackey Norris Palmetto Garden Club of South Carolina Mr. and Mrs. Reese Rencher Macon and Jay Richardson Harry Ricker, Jr.

In memory of Nancy Ryba Riffel William and Marilyn Blizard

In honor of Kate Parks Schaefer Unitarian Universalist Fellowship of Beaufort Ms. Brenda Gale Beasley-Forrest

In honor of Mr. Robert P. Schofield, III Ms. Barbara Stein

In honor of Mrs. Lucy Seabrook Rev. and Mrs. Henry E. Avent, Jr. In honor of Jim and Eileen Sharp Alexandra Sharp

In honor of Robb Spencer Ms. Laura R. Thompson, Ph.D.

In memory of Mr. William B. Sproule Mr. and Mrs. Langdon D. Long

In memory of Mr. Thomas L. Stilp Ms. Angie C. Flanagan

In memory of Christina Strid Ms. Cynthia Swanson Powell

In honor of Ms. Bailey W. Symington Mrs. Wayne Douglas

In honor of Charley and Susan Tarver Mr. and Mrs. Joel Finn In honor of Susan Tarver Mr. and Mrs. Steven J. Sayer

In honor of Mr. and Mrs. Jim Tennyson Jean R. Burch

In memory of O.O. Thompson Mark and Kay Ethridge In honor of Karen Ullian on her birthday Jane McFaddin and Charles Bryant

In honor of Greg A. VanDerwerker Mr. and Mrs. W.E. Lehder

In memory of Mrs. Jeane Vann Mrs. George E. Simmons

In honor of Ms. Nancy E. Vinson Mr. John W. Eubank, IV

In honor of Mr. and Mrs. John H. Warren, III Dr. and Mrs. Charles C. Geer

In honor of Robin Elise Welch Nora Kravec and Charles Cyr

In memory of Mike Wermuth Yankee Candle Mr. and Mrs. Raymond M. Sherry

GIFTS OF MEMBERSHIP Mr. and Mrs. Roderick Dowling from Mr. and Mrs. Robert Seibels Mr. Patrick Huguenin by Mr. and Mrs. David L. Huguenin Ms. Stephanie A. Huguenin by Mr. and Mrs. David L. Huguenin Mr. and Mrs. Grenville Seibels by Mr. and Mrs. Robert Seibels

GIFTS IN-KIND Coastal Expeditions Ceres Foundation, Inc. Eventhaus FIG/The Ordinary The Francis Marion Hotel Glaser + Company High Cotton Hominy Grill HUSK Indigo Road Restaurants McCrady’s Mount Pleasant Radio Short Grain Stasmayer, Inc. Vickery’s on Shem Creek

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he mission of the Coastal Conservation League is to protect the threatened resources of the South Carolina coastal plain — its natural landscapes, abundant wildlife, clean water, and quality of life — by working with citizens and government on proactive, comprehensive solutions to environmental challenges.

P.O. Box 1765 Charleston, SC 29402-1765 ADDRESS SERVICE REQUESTED

Non-Profit Org. U.S. Postage

PAID

Permit No. 168 Charleston, SC

For more information about the Coastal Conservation League, visit our website at www.CoastalConservationLeague.org

River otters (Lutra canadensis) are found in South Carolina’s coastal marshes, blackwater swamps and waterfowl impoundments. Dana Beach captured this photograph along a Combahee River rice field in January 2017.