The Triangle, Issue 4, Vol. 105

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Columbus North High School • 1400 25th Street, Columbus, IN 47201 • Volume 104 Issue 4 • December 19, 2025

EDITORS-IN-CHIEF Alexa Lanam Cecilia Gutierrez Stella Gaylord Annie Green

IN-DEPTH 12-15 Running On Empty

The effects of sleep deprivation in students

PHOTO AND COVERAGE EDITOR Lois Guest IN-DEPTH EDITOR Cassie Osburn IN-DEPTH TEAM Colin Amini Bella Herbert Maddie Williams Claire Rawlings

ONLINE PREVIEW

COPY EDITOR Owen Grimes BACK PAGE Sarynel Barbosa STAFF Lou Briand Jay Challatur Cayden Chandler Chloe Feliciano Gabe Manning Gabe Marsh Indi Meshberger Vivian Munger Rue Payne Allorah Purtlebaugh Aldo Ramos-Sato Levi Tobias Noah Weidman

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ADVISERS Roth Lovins Rachel McCarver TABLE OF CONTENTS

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VISIT CNHSMEDIA.COM TO READ MORE FROM THE STORIES IN THIS ISSUE

Editorial Policy The Triangle is the designated forum for student expression at Columbus North High School. The student staff chooses all content.

Signed columns published in The Triangle express the writer’s personal opinion and not the views of The Triangle, student body, BCSC, administration, board of trustees or faculty of Columbus North.

The Triangle practices ethical journalism by providing balanced and fair coverage as determined by community standards. The Triangle strives to achieve 100 percent accuracy by checking sources, spelling, and quotes and attaining multiple sources.

The Triangle encourages letters to the editor, but reserves the right to reject them for reasons including but not limited to lack of space, multiple letters of the same topic and personal attacks contained in the letter. The Triangle will not edit for content, but reserves the right to edit for grammar and length. Letters should be submitted to room 1507 or sent via e-mail to administrator@ cnhsmedia.com. All Letters much be signed by all persons involved in writing the letter, which the staff will check for validation. A letter sent via e-mail must be validated with a signature from the writer before The Triangle will publish it. If responding to a publication, letters must be turned in within one week of that

publication’s distribution.

In the event of death, The Triangle will run a standard obituary. Pertaining to work submitted via social media sites (Facebook, Twitter, etc.), The Triangle will only accept written submissions from the original poster and owner and will only publish entries with the permission of the original poster and owner. The Triangle will not edit submissions for content and reserves the right not to publish them for reasons including but not limited to lack of space, multiple submissions of the same topic, vulgar or incendiary content. The Triangle will not publish photographs from Facebook. Posts on The Triangle’s social media pages by readers are owned by the readers and do not necessarily express the views or opinions of the staff. The Triangle is not responsible for their content and reserves the right to delete and report any inappropriate and unnecessary posts. By posting on The Triangle’s social media pages, the poster grants The Triangle permission to publish the contents of that post.

In cases when a source’s information may bring ridicule or incrimination upon himself or herself, the editorial board reserves the right to cite the source as anonymous.

The Triangle will never use composite sources and pass them off as anonymous sources.

WINTER EXTREMES

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How students are preparing for the predicted winter weather

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NEWS

WINTER EXTREMES 4

How students are preparing for the predicted winter weather

SPREADING JOY 5

Local donation centre preparing for the holidays

A CLASSIC WINTER TALE

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Mill Race Theatre Company is prepared for their winter

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STUDENT LIFE A CLASSIC WINTER TALE

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CANS FOR THE COMMUNITY

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Mill Race Theatre Company is prepared for their winter production Senior Leo Iorio discusses this year’s Can Drive

CANS FOR THE COMMUNITY

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Senior Leo Iorio discusses this year’s Can Drive

OPINION WINTERS JOY

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CHRISTMAS MOVIES

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How screenshotting photos affects a photographer

SCREENSHOT WARRIORS

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SEEK AND DESTROY

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Winter is the most wonderful time of the year Christmas movies don’t feel the same anymore

Megadeth dominates Metallica in many different ways, musically to fanbase wise

GLIDE AND GRIT 22

The inside life of ice skaters

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SPORTS BRISK WATERS

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PRE SEASON TRAINING INTO SEASON SUCCESS

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GLIDE AND GRIT

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INS AND OUTS

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The swim team hoping for great start to the new season

Boys’ basketball preseason into the regular season The inside life of ice skaters

Students participating in indoor track discuss their experiences

TABLE OF CONTENTS

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WINTER EXTREMES How students are preparing for the predicted winter weather

Students walking into school on the first snow fall of the year

photo by Rue Payne

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his Sunday marks the official beginning of the winter season.

As the season starts, senior Ken Nguyen has changes he deals with before the start of the school

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day.

“Before I leave school, I have to warm up my car before I run it. I’m not trying to drive in the cold,” Nguyen said.

Car preparation is something Nguyen focuses on, as well as his clothing choice for the day.

“I had to also put more layers of clothes on, because I got to put on an actual sweatshirt,” Nguyen said.

According to Nguyen, winter can be something that is either dreaded or you look forward to. It can be the case for several people. Holidays and different winter conditions are always something that people will look forward to, and it’s no different for Nguyen.

“Winter is a love-hate relationship. I like the holidays and the snow, but I hate it because it’s cold and cloudy,” Nguyen said.

The snowier days are something not everyone looks forward to, and that would be the case for junior Kyson Sater. Sater said that he is looking forward to the colder weather, but not the snow.

“The roads are always rough when it snows, so I’m not really looking forward to that. I do enjoy building a snowman in my front yard, though,” Sater said.

Beating the winter blues is always something that some people struggle with.

NEWS

The colder weather brings cycles of seasonal depression, which has been very common for a lot of people. According to studies, 5% of Americans suffer from Seasonal Affective Disorder. Sater’s strategy is pretty simple: “I just like to stay warm and comfortable, and that usually keeps my blues away,” Sater said.

Traditions have also been a way to beat the holiday blues, with holidays and different things to do. Traditions are always something different for everyone.

“Something that we do all the time is that on New Year’s we gamble.” Nguyen said, “We buy fireworks as well.”

One inevitable thing that comes with winter, the cold weather. A new winter cycle that has rapidly grown is expected to slam into Indiana. Senior Morgan Kuniewicz has studied the weather patterns and gives an interesting explanation for what she thinks about the weather.

by Levi Tobias design by Rue Payne

“According to the NOAA’s Climate Prediction Center, there is a 71% chance that a weak La Niña will develop during October-December 2025 and impact the weather across much of the United States,” Kuniewicz said. The storm, La Niña, is a storm system that comes around the globe.

“It typically results in a colder, snowier winter across the northern U.S. and drier, warmer conditions in the southern U.S. For Indiana, we are expected to have aboveaverage precipitation, but temperatures are predicted to have equal chances of being above or below average across most of the state, with a slightly warmer trend in the southeast.”

Kuniewicz said.

The only downside to meteorology, the study of the weather, is that it isn’t fully developed yet. Forecasting out that far is difficult; the science hasn’t fully developed.

Weather outlooks are usually based on computer models. It is really hard to let people know and be aware of the possible weather outcomes.

“I think the current prediction for this upcoming winter season is bound to be incorrect. Long-term seasonal forecasting remains an inexact science, and accuracy decreases significantly for forecasts extending beyond 10 days.” Kuniewicz said.

WINTER WEATHER TIPS Travel Tips: • Avoid unnecessary travel.

• If driving is required, reduce speed, maintain a safe distance, and be cautious of black ice.

• Equip your car with an emergency kit, including blankets, water, and a flashlight.

• Ensure tires are properly inflated and your vehicle’s battery is fully charged.

Outdoor Precautions: • Dress in layers, including hats, gloves, and waterproof boots, to prevent frostbite.

• Walk cautiously on icy sidewalks and driveways. Use salt or sand for better traction.

• Limit time outdoors to avoid exposure to extreme cold.

source: columbus.in.gov

SPREADING JOY Local donation center preparing for the holidays

by Owen Grimes design by Gabe Marsh

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he season of giving is upon us as this time of year inches closer. This year, like years past, The Salvation Army Columbus Corps Community Center collects new toys that are donated and given out to economically disadvantaged children during the holidays. The Corps administrator, Amy Tompkins, talks about the process of toys being distributed to families in need.

“Each family is assigned to a number and a box, and each child is given a number and a letter. When the gifts come in, they have the tags with them, and we put them in the bag assigned to them. And then they are placed in the box. The day after the last day, we ask the gifts to be brought in, and we then make sure that each child has a green bag. If there is nothing in a bag, it becomes a forgotten Angel,” Tompkins said.

Topkins explains what happens to a forgotten Angel and what the next steps are.

“We then let our volunteers go shopping for our forgotten angel from our supply of gifts that are purchased as gifts but not specifically purchased for any one child.”

Topkins said. “If we have nothing that is fitting for the child, we will then go shopping at a store or online for the gift they are requesting. We cannot guarantee that the child will get what they want; it is up to the person who chooses the angel to buy. But we do the best we can, and for the most part, the community does get what they want.”

The Salvation Army has a social service for children called the Angel Tree. Tompkins goes deep into explaining what the service provides in order for those who might be underprivileged to still have a great

holiday season. With multiple different kinds of Angel Trees, The Salvation Army attempts to find something for anyone in need.

“We have three types of Angels on our tree.

We have prison ministry angels – these are kids whose parents are in jail and cannot purchase a gift for them,” Tompkins said. “We have made accommodations for the Bartholomew and Jennings County jails, which have inmates whose kids live here in Bartholomew County, to fill out an application with the kid’s information and return it to us, and we make sure the child receives Salvation Army worker outside of Walmart the gift. Regular Angel photo by Owen Grimes Trees [go to] low-income families who cannot afford process of receiving gifts or donations, Christmas; we provide and giving to the cause during this season of Christmas for them. Senior Angels [go to] giving. low-income senior citizens who do not have “Volunteers come in and shop for family members to purchase items for them.” the kids in our warehouse and also help An organization that also serves families on delivery day to take the gifts to the in the community, The Columbus Firemen’s families,” a representative for the Cheer Cheer Fund, shares what individuals in Fund said. “We accept both monetary our community can do to help or support donations and donations of new items families during the holidays, as well as the year-round at any city fire station. Folks can also donate online through our website at columbusfiremenscheerfund.org.”

OYS OVER T T F O HE H T YE W AR O R S G seen changes in donations a nd sa s have y o t l es r rtain e ecen c tly How

Games + puzzles saw a 39% increase in sales

In 2024 toy sales were estimated at about $108 billion

Building set/construction toys grew 7 % in sales from the previous year

source: kidscreen.com thetoyassociation.com

NEWS

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A WINTER TALE Mill Race Theatre Company is prepared for their winter production

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by Lou Briand design by Allorah Purtlebaugh

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he Mill Race Theatre Company, or MRTC, presented “The Lion, the Witch, and the Wardrobe” (LWW) from Dec. 5 through Dec. 7. MRTC is a theater company founded in 1969 that has put on over 100 shows over the years. MLL and ENL Teacher Joe Smith performed in LLW in the role of Father Christmas and has been involved in MRTC for a long time. MRTC offers a sense of community within a community, coming together to put on performances regularly.

“MRTC is a long-standing, community-driven theatre in Columbus that uses performance art not just to entertain, but to develop people, foster collaboration, and strengthen community ties,” Smith said.

MRTC has a “diverse mission and works to expand minds, develop character, and instill confidence through the power of the theatrical arts. They nourish collaborative possibilities to entertain, imagine, and explore.” Smith loves to act and be himself, and MRTC has given him the chance to do what he loves.

“Mill Race has given me the opportunity to participate in Broadway-caliber shows and to act with other phenomenal performers,” Smith said.

MRTC welcomes new talent every year, offering something for every age group, and anyone interested in theater is free to join. For his first-ever performance with MRTC, freshman Remington Wells was cast as the main character of LWW— Peter. For him, MRTC is a great place to learn from others and gain experience outside of school.

“The best part about MRTC is undoubtedly the diversity of the actors; we all have our own quirks,” Wells said. Despite being cast for such a big role, Wells is calm and preparing for his role by continuing to live his everyday life as normal.

“I am preparing for my role by just living life, as an older brother, my siblings keep me in character as Peter,” Wells said.

For Smith, Father Christmas allows him to become someone else and experience many different types of

STUDENT LIFE

emotions and expressions.

“For this role, I picture Father Christmas as a larger-than-life figure.

He fills the room with his presence, voice, personality, and joyous nature,” Smith said. “Therefore, I practice my lines in that way, and I stand taller than I normally do to become Father Christmas.”

Wells has gotten to experience the magic first-hand when participating in the performing arts, which has allowed him to develop new relationships both on stage and backstage.

“I love plays mainly because of the bond I feel with fellow actors; we spend so much time and gain so much trust together,” Wells said.

Wells especially loves spending time with the actors who are playing Peter’s siblings.

“The other siblings and I are constantly bantering, playing, and just being siblings. I love them dearly,” Wells said.

Smith has found that this production of LWW gave him the opportunity to experience LLW in a new and different way while making new memories.

“I really love the way C.S. Lewis tells the story. I also relish the chance to work with Stephen Planalp, the director,” Smith said.

Working with new people is a plus, Smith, but he is looking forward to the environment he enjoys. “In addition to loving the chance to be silly, I also enjoy the camaraderie with the other actors. Feeding off of each other’s energy as well as the audience’s energy,” Smith said.

MRTC puts on three plays every year, each with the same magic that LWW has provided, making an impact on everyone in the production.

“I love it and can’t wait to audition in the summer,” Wells said.

1. Remington Wells is crowned by a mysterious lion like prince.

2. Anjali Narayanan looks to the audiance in astonishments of the actions unfolding.

3. The group shares a somber moment while looking to the audience.

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CANS FOR COLUMBUS A Senior Leo Iorio discusses this year’s Can Drive

by Vivian Munger

s temperatures dwindle in the weeks before Winter Break, cans around the Commons Christmas tree grow in number, courtesy of Can Drive.

“My project is passed down from senior to senior within Student Assembly, and all members participate,” senior Leo Iorio, Can Drive president said. “From early November to the last day before winter break, we collect nonperishable food donations from around the community to repackage and deliver to BCSC families in need.”

Another main initiative of the Can Drive president is to always be improving the event.

“Can Drive has become a much bigger project over the years,” Iorio said. “Each year, the president of the Can Drive lays out one major goal for improvement.”

The improvements vary widely, each focused on mainstreaming a different aspect.

“Two years ago, it was completely remaking our mapping system, last year it was improving our volunteer attendance, and this year it is working with more community organizations,” Iorio said.

As seen on the Can Drive website, a theme is chosen each year to “encourage student participation and increase excitement.”

“Last year our theme was Cansformers and this year is Cannah Montana,” Iorio said.

Can Drive has a president, vice president, and a group of subcommittee chairs, made up of juniors and seniors in Assembly.

“For me, being the Can Drive president is very exciting,” Iorio said. “I am very passionate about our cause, and I’m just very excited that I have the opportunity to improve the project and help feed

as many people as we can.”

This year, Can Drive means more for the community.

“This year, more than ever, Can Drive is very important for our community,” Iorio said. “7.3% of households in our county rely on SNAP benefits, and the uncertainty around them has resulted in increased need for the services of Can Drive.”

Can Drive, through community service, “develops student leaders in our community who learn the value of volunteer work.”

“I think something about Can Drive that would surprise everyone is that it is completely studentrun,” Iorio said. “All of the planning and execution is 100% done by students.”

Iorio shares how students can become involved in this event.

‘Students can get involved in the Can Drive by joining student assembly,’ Iorio said. ‘You can do this by either being elected onto student assembly or working on.’

For Iorio, Can Drive has implications outside of the school setting.

“My experience in student assembly has made me realize my passion for community service,” Iorio said. “Before high school, I had not participated in any widespread volunteering, but it has become something that I really enjoy doing.”

Iorio, through this experience, has decided to implement community service in his future.

“After high school, I plan to go into the field of public service, and Can Drive has helped me develop the skills necessary to work in this field,” Iorio said. “I’ve become more organized, a better communicator, and a smarter leader through Can Drive.”

LOCAL STATS

- 7.3% of families in Bartholomew County rely on SNAP benefits

- In 2024, Can Drive collected 11,000 cans and helped 120 families in the Columbus area sources: candrivecnhs.com, therepublic.com

photo by Stella Gaylord

Senior Leo Iorio in front of the Can Drive collection in the Commons

STUDENT LIFE

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OPINION T

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he greatest season of all awaits, winter, or the time when the weather takes a drastic turn for the better. Nobody can deny the extreme satisfaction and coziness of sitting by the warmth of a fireplace, watching the big, white, fluffy snowflakes twinkle from the sky— even the sweet taste of hot cocoa can spare you from the cold environment.

Spring and fall have rapidly changing weather patterns that are hard to adapt to. One day it’s a perfect 60 degrees, then the next there’s a tornado.

Every year in North America, people dread the harsh, frigid temperatures that winter has to bring. Winter is not only the cloudiest, but it’s also the windiest time of year in Indiana. So as a result, this immediately sparks the negativity about winter in the mind. As the human brain has a built-in negativity bias, it’s easier to think about the negative aspects of a topic.

However, what most people forget about winter is all the specialties it has to offer and how it’s the most joyful time of year!

It’s the holiday season.

Christmas, Hanukkah, along

OPINION

WINTER’S JOY

CHRISTMAS MOVIES

Winter is the most wonderful time of the year

Christmas Movies don’t feel the same anymore

by Caeden Chandler

by Jay Challatur

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with many other important here’s something religious holidays fall into strange about the winter time frame. When Christmas movies. families get together to When I was a child, celebrate with one another, no no matter how many matter what religion they may times I watched the movies, they be, there’s something magical always gave me a warm and cozy about that. It’s magical, no feeling that I can’t explain. But matter how you celebrate now, they just don’t feel the same; Christmas, Hanukkah, or any they feel like normal movies to me other religious holiday; it’s a now, and I can’t explain where the time to feel joy and celebrate jolly mood that I usually get from what you believe in! watching them has gone.

Whether you hate the In my opinion, the reason might feeling of snow or not, nobody be that as we grow older, a sense of can disagree with the fact nostalgia hits hard, distracting us that playing in the snow with from truly experiencing Christmas family and friends is a key movies. When we were children, experience locked in your core life felt stress-free and carefree. memory forever. It doesn’t Maybe that’s why Christmas Movies matter if that memory is felt better to watch, since we could going sledding while almost just sit down and not worry about crashing into a creek, building anything else. Of course, it’s not a snowman with a long nose, just us that can change how we or just simply having an experience Christmas movies, so all-out snowball fight with can the environment. your family; moments like When I was a child, the those will forever hold a environment alone seemed to precious spot in anybody’s make everything warmer and cozy, heart. Choosing if you agree such as the music going on in the that winter is the best season background, to sharing a couch is completely up to you, but with family, even simple things like winter will always have a cozy having a cup of hot chocolate always and comfortable spot in my made Christmas movies warmer. A heart. welcoming environment can really change the mood and create lasting memories. As we grow older, our environment is likely to change,

and with it, the way we acknowledge these moments will change as well.

Nostalgia and the environment can both change our perception of how we see movies, but what can also change is the movies themselves.

As kids, Christmas movies were unique, as we were at a young age, any new funny, upsetting, or exciting scene could be memorable and actually unique, but now Christmas movies are too repetitive. Seeing the same scene with the same meaning in a different way is exciting and can still bring a sense of comfort to you, but it’s not as good as how you saw it the first time. In time, Christmas movies that we watch now could give us a different experience than the ones we will watch later on in life. This brings me to my point: as we grow older, Christmas movies start to feel different. From nostalgia to the environment, many factors can influence your Christmas movie experience.

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sa photographer, I have learned many things about what to do better in order to get my photos to be higher quality and make others love them. Even with my effort, one thing that I have told many people and clients (but doesn’t seem to click) is screenshotting my photos off of Instagram or albums. When you do this, it takes away from the hard effort that I put in to make my photos the highest quality and well edited.

Downloading photos keeps the full data from the photo so that it is higher quality and looks better when it’s zoomed in.

On the albums that I share with all athletes and clients, there is always a download button. While it does take 10 seconds longer at the start, overall it is very fast and easy. Your photo keeps the amazing quality that I provide and makes me, as the photographer, happy and wanting to keep taking photos of you and go to your games and provide photos.

An example of a difference between a screenshotted photo and a downloaded photo is that if you have a detail on a helmet, you would be able to zoom in and see it in high quality. However, when you screenshot that photo, it

SCREENSHOT WARRIORS

SEEK AND DESTROY

How screenshotting photos affects a photographer

Megadeth dominates Metallica in many different ways, musically to fanbase-wise

by Nolan Sparkman

by Allorah Purtlebaugh

brings down the quality so much that the details turn grainy. When you screenshot the photos that I provide, the quality goes down from 24 megapixels (how detailed the photo is) to a small one megapixel. This leads to so much detail being lost and missing in the photo.

A grainy and low-detailed photo is one of the worst things that can affect a photographer.

If screenshotting photos gets to a point where every photo is screenshotted, then a watermark is the only option. This is the worst enemy of everyone.

Once there’s a watermark, it is the worst thing for a photographer and their athletes and clients.

With the large number of athletes who I provide photos for, there is no possible way every single person is going to download the photos I send, but it makes my day so much better when they do.

Take the extra mile and download your photos; your photographer will love it.

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or years, metal bands such as Anthrax and Judas Priest have dominated the metal charts with heavy riffs and intense headbanging solos, although at the top of the metal pyramid are Metallica and Megadeth. These two bands have completely overthrown the metal industry as a whole, with both having some of the most influential albums in history. But with the intense backstory of the bands, which band is really the better band in terms of music? And which band deserved it more?

For starters, lead singer and lead guitarist of Megadeth, Dave Mustaine, was formerly the lead guitarist for the hit thrash band Metallica. His run in the band was short-lived after intense disagreements within the band. As cliché as it sounds, Mustaine’s anger due to his being kicked out was the fuel for him to start the fire that is Megadeth. While both bands are immensely popular, Megadeth has always run a bit behind Metallica’s fame, playing in smaller venues and not being as globally appreciated as Metallica. This factor has led many fans to have very strong opinions about the band(s), with me included.

With Metallica’s immense popularity over the years, their albums have continued to get more and more sloppy with each production. On their most recent album, “72 Seasons”, many of the guitar aspects have the same old aspects of the 2000s. They continue to keep the same guitar solo aspects, making the music boring and reheated. Megadeth’s albums have continued to keep the creativity in their music, while still staying true to their genre. Their music has definitely

evolved over the years, but not in a destructive way, but instead in an evolutionary way. Their music has evolved while also keeping the same sound that fans loved all those years ago.

But many ask, “If Megadeth is a better band, musically, why aren’t they more popular?” Metallica’s music appeals to the more basic crowd. Their music is more socially acceptable for radio and television play, while Megadeth’s music is more advanced in the metal aspect.

Their music is more metal than most of Metallica’s music, overall making Metallica’s music more rock than anything. Hopefully someday Megadeth will rise to the same amount of stardom as their metal rivals, but with Megadeth’s soon retirement, that may not be possible anytime soon.

OPINION

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SLEEPING SOUNDLY Triangle staff discuss the issue of sleep in teens

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leep has been a topic of teen health since sleep began to be understood. Teens have heard time and time again how important sleep is to health and that sleep is an important part of maintaining proper health.

With the importance of sleep often being stressed to teens (and adults), teens often experience the consequences of lack of sleep, which can range from overall moodiness to a drop in grades due to the inability to pay attention during class. This oddness and change in behavior can carry into other aspects of life, as poor sleep does not just affect life in school.

Sleep is a vital part of both physical and mental health,

but why is it seemingly so hard to get something that you need?

According to John Hopkins Medicine, teens need nine to ten hours of sleep per night in order to maintain proper health. However, according to childmind.org, over 60% of adolescents do not get enough sleep. But why do teens not get the sleep that they need?

The short answer is that there are multiple different factors that go into how teens sleep. According to the National Sleep Foundation, the biological reason for teens sleeping less than needed is due to their circadian rhythm, or the internal clock the body operates on in order to determine when to be asleep and when to be

awake. During the teenage years, adolescents’ circadian rhythms are changing and developing, causing them to get less sleep.

However, the circadian rhythm is not the only thing that causes this lack of shuteye. According to uclahealth. org, school and other activities play a role in when teens fall asleep. With school starting at 7:45 in the morning causes teens to wake up at a time that may feel too early. According to wallacefoundation.org, 7.8 million high schoolers participate in after-school activities. These activities can end at a variety of times depending on the activity.

This affects when a student may get home and get to bed. Along with participating

in extracurriculars, many students also work jobs and prioritize making time with friends. This cuts into valuable sleep time, but with everything else going on in life, it can be extremely hard to find time for fun.

As the schoolwork begins to pile up with finals and the business of the holiday season begins to hit, sleep is something that should not be forgotten.

As sleep may begin to slip from many students’ minds, it is vital to at least attempt to get a full night of sleep in order to maintain both physical and mental health, in order to be able to show up and do their best in all aspects of their day-to-day life.

COMICS BY CLAIRE Junior Claire Rawlings doodles sleep patterns of teenagers

EDITORIAL

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RUNNING ON EMPTY The effects of sleep deprivation in students

by Colin Amini, Cassie Osburn, Claire Rawlings design by Bella Herbert, Maddie Williams

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HUD! A student quickly are often prioritized over sleep. improved attendance, and fewer health and jerks their head up from their “I was talking to a student recently about safety issues.” desk, rubbing the sore spot how she worked 12 hours on Black Friday According to Dr. Harish Rao, a sleep on their forehead. Despite and got home at a very late time,” Babb said. medicine pediatrician specializing in the coffee they drank earlier “So I think there are a lot of extracurricular Pediatric Pulmonology and Sleep Medicine that morning, their eyelids had started to activities, band, sports, that really can be at Riley Hospital, the evidence isn’t just grow heavy as their head began to droop detrimental and hinder the amount of sleep anecdotal. downward. Another late night caught up to that they get, especially with school starting “There was a study done,” Rao said. “It them and they dozed off during a lesson. at 7:45. If you get home at 10, 11, midnight, showed that either 30 percent or a third of They’re not the only one. According to a whatever it may be, there’s just physically not high school students are not getting as much CDC study conducted in 2021, more than enough time to get the adequate amount of sleep as they need. So generally, with sleep 80% of the nearly 1,000,000 students enrolled sleep.” duration, how much a person needs varies in Indiana public school reported insufficient depending on age. So anybody that’s 13 and sleep. Further, according to senior Izabella over should get eight to ten hours. And even Martinez, the issue of low energy is a for that study, they looked at the lower end constant one. of the requirement, eight hours. So even at “I have low energy like almost all the time; that, not many kids were getting even eight it’s sad,” Martinez said. “I’m tired almost all hours.” the time. But I try to stay awake.”

These stark numbers are relatively Psychology teacher Elyse Babb further unprecedented, according to Pediatrician believes the relatively common nature of Tamara Iorio. this phenomenon.

“My educated guess would be that “For this particular age, high schoolers today’s teens get less sleep than in the need nine hours of sleep at least,” Babb past because of their lifestyles,” Iorio said. said. “But, I guarantee that very few high “There were fewer options for sports and schoolers actually get that in order to get that activities 50 years ago that would have kept brain development during sleep.” teens busy late in the evening.”

Biomed teacher Stacey Horn also believes Sutharasan has experienced this fight for responsibilities unrelated to school are worth attention on a personal level. mentioning.

“I feel like usually whatever I’m watching “Students are or whatever I’m doing working late hours on my phone, usually The recommened hours of sleep for teenagers is eight to ten everynight according to after school and that keeps my brain Sleepmeeting.org. Only 19.9% of students get the reccomened ammount of sleep, still come home to going,” Sutharasan averaging 6.6 hours of sleep every night homework,” Horn said. said. “So I’m thinking “I have had students who help take care of Horn further explains some of the reasons about whatever I was just doing a lot before I siblings so parents can work at night, which I behind this. go to bed, before I fall asleep.” am sure limits good sleep habits.”

“The ideal time for middle and high school Horn points to a potential solution to For sophomore Dharneesh Sutharasan, to start, according to the American Academy these modern problems. in addition to schoolwork, extracurricular of Pediatrics, is no earlier than 8:30 a.m.,” “I do believe that schools could start activities push rest onto the back burner.

Horn said. “They state that this aligns with earlier, and students can still get the eight “In January, I have robotics starting up,” teenagers’ natural circadian rhythms and to ten hours of sleep, but they need to go to Sutharasan said. “So they’ll push back my allows them to get the recommended eight sleep earlier,” Horn said. “Some of the sleep sleep. I’ll probably get an hour or two less of to ten hours of sleep. A later start time helps deprivation simply occurs because students sleep, so it cuts down my hours.” combat chronic sleep deprivation, which are staying up too late on their phones, To Babb, it seems that activities and work can lead to better academic performance, working, or are otherwise distracted.”

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photo by Maddie Williams

depiction of cnhs student sleeping in class

IN-DEPTH

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barriers?’ I think the problem is that many schools are aware, but they don’t have the resources to make the change, unless it’s written into a law, like what California did.

It is challenging for them. They need the support and resources because as you go, one thing I’ve noticed is the more urban you are, I think the schools are able to do them because I think the area where they pick up the kids is probably smaller, but I think more rural areas find it much harder because they probably have a longer route picking up kids from different places. I think that the major barrier is resources to be able to make that change.”

Babb also believes the struggle for transportation can be attributed to many student’s deprivation.

“When thinking about transportation and getting those kids to school, if school starts at a later time and parents work earlier, they’re just not able to transport kids,” Babb said. “Of course, there’s the bus system and everything, but if you have a young kid who’s five, [parents don’t want] them to stay home for that hour or so while they’re at work and waiting for the

IN-DEPTH

TIM E

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54.2%

of those students consistently hit the snooze button

HE

of CNHS students use an alarm clock

ADJU

ING T

87%

bus.”

Among these issues are what are called “microsleeps.” d“Microsleeps are episodes of sleep lasting less than 30 seconds and can occur due to lack of sleep,” Horn said. “I have seen people doze off and quickly wake up, and I have seen this in my classes.”

Irregular sleep is linked to worsened focus, and Horn recognizes that her students will miss out on key information when they are tired. Martinez agrees that being tired impacts her academic performance.

“When I don’t get a lot of sleep, I definitely am tired during class,” Martinez said. “So maybe we’re learning something new in a class and I might just not retain the information as well. Sometimes I do get close to falling asleep in class. I try not to though.

It definitely makes going through the day difficult, but I try to pair that with coffee and energy drinks.”

Efforts to combat loss of sleep and low energy can often include caffeine and energy drinks. However, according to Iorio, caffeine can

ST

This is further supported by empirical evidence, according to Rao. “[With] biological changes that happen in teenagers once they hit puberty or in the adolescent ages, there’s a slight shift in their circadian rhythm, so they generally tend to go to bed later and tend to wake up later,” Rao said. “The American Academy of Pediatrics has recognized this and they actually made recommendations that the start time should be delayed.”

However, school’s universal start time is not the sole perpetrator for sleep deprivation, according to Iorio.

“I think anything that keeps kids away from home in the evenings can have a huge impact on sleep, because part of a healthy sleep schedule is time to wind down in the evening before going to bed,” Iorio said.

Iorio’s patients aren’t the only ones with these weighty responsibilities, according to Rao. “A lot of patients that I see who have sleep problems, they still need to have a job in the evening or they have a lot of academic responsibilities,” Rao said. “You know, they’re doing sports, they’re doing a job. And also, some schools, to be honest, tend to bypass this as in, ‘Okay, you can’t have a practice late in the afternoon. We’ll do it early in the morning.’ You’re cheating, by the way, like you have a late start in school, but you are asking to come to a swim meet at five in the morning.”

Rao describes why this idea of a late start in school has largely failed to be implemented in Indiana.

“I tried to do a survey. There are only like 400-plus high schools in Indiana, and I got about 50 or 60 responses back,” Rao said. “I was trying to ask them ‘if you don’t have a late start, do you know there’s a need for a late start and what are the

photo by Bella Herbert source: students surveyed during Resources

negatively affect rest.

“Any caffeine at any time of day can affect sleep because some people metabolize caffeine very slowly,” Iorio said. “ Even people who swear they can have caffeine at dinner and then go to sleep on time are likely not sleeping as well as they would without that.”

Rao strongly cautions against developing a dependency on caffeine.

“Caffeine is detrimental in many ways for sleep because caffeine intake reduces your sleep drive and sometimes caffeine can linger for long hours, because we all break down caffeine at different rates,” Rao said. “Caffeine is not the way to make yourself awake. Of course, you know, caffeine in moderate quantities has its benefits, but you certainly cannot get dependent on energy drinks to help you stay awake. It has its consequences. You end up paying for it.”

However, the alertness caffeine provides can be very appealing. Sutharasan details some of the undesirable effects of sleep deprivation that caffeine serves to eliminate.

“If I get less sleep, I feel less motivated to do stuff, and I just feel lazy and kind of just do stuff,” Sutharasan said. “Even if I do stuff, I’m very slow. I’m not as productive as I usually am.”

Iorio describes several reasons for these effects beyond the surface.

“Stress can adversely affect sleep, so if teens have high levels of stress based on their need to work to support their family financially, if their home is small and does not provide a quiet place to sleep, if they are aware of the financial struggles of their parents or caregivers or if an adult in the home works overnight or long shifts and the student has to help cook or care for siblings [it] could adversely affect teen sleep,” Iorio said.

Horn furthers this idea.

“Students who do not have a regular bed to sleep in, who live in homes with a lot of people, or who have high levels of stress due to poverty could be at higher risk for sleep deprivation,” Horn said.

This also might be due to a lack of education, according to Rao. “[In a study], the children of families where parents were not well-educated or on a lower socioeconomic status, the parents thought that generally [their children] didn’t need as much sleep,” Rao said. “So their general perception of how much sleep a kid requires is much lower compared to college-educated families or people in a higher socioeconomic status.

The CDC data reflected the same thing at a much bigger level. It’s well recognized not just with not getting enough sleep, but even having sleep disorders recognized, like a diagnosis of sleep apnea. There’s a delay in getting a sleep study. There’s a delay in getting health care related to sleep. So there’s widespread disparity in general because for those families, sleep is the last thing on their mind.”

Much like caffeine, sleep itself can serve as

a vehicle for refuge, according to Babb.

“I often do think that sleep can be a way for students to cope with stress, especially oversleeping,” Babb said. “And I think Edit Alarms sometimes oversleeping or maybe a lack of motivation go hand in hand. I also think that of teenagers have one or on the other side, a lack of sleep could also more devices in their bedroom be a sign of anxiety, especially when you’re so stressed that you can’t sleep or you can’t relax. Your mind can’t shut off.” of teenagers are on Rao describes how this anxiety their phone 30 minutes before compounds upon itself, snowballing into an bed even bigger problem.

“Somebody with anxiety, most of the of teenagers go on their time that kind of reflects in difficulty falling phone in the middle of the night asleep,” Rao said. “You know, we have patients that talk about, you know, they can’t shut off their brain, it makes it harder of teenagers spend more for them to fall asleep and then get enough time on their phones than they sleep. And that lack of sleep then increases do sleeping their anxiety. It’s kind of a vicious cycle. I think to break the cycle, you need to be able of teenagers do not get to find ways to be able to wind down, do the recommended hours of sleep some relaxing activity, and make sure you’re not using any screen in the last hour of your time.” of teenagers have Education can also serve to combat this, trouble sleeping at night according to Rao. “I think education is critical,” Rao said.

“Getting [teenagers] to understand why sleep is important and what are the benefits World Clock Alarms Stopwatch Timers of getting good sleep is really critical. So I think [parents] can’t make going to bed early a punitive thing. So you should be operating in a positive way as in, ‘Okay, let’s have a healthy bedtime routine. We do all this, like a winding down before a bedtime, let’s have a good routine.’”

Rao also explains how the parents’ duties aren’t limited to just establishing a bedtime routine for their children.

“They need to set a good example themselves,” Rao said.

“So I think it takes a village, as in the families and they have good habits and the kids will have a good habit.”

In the meantime, despite “[not getting enough sleep] can make her constant tiredness, me less likely to pay attention during Martinez, like thousands class and miss some instructions. I of other high schoolers, is know I have things to do, so getting determined to persevere. up is really important to me. I have “The less sleep that quite a tight schedule.”

I have, it definitely discourages motivation, but junior Adira Sluder I still push through things, of course,” Martinez said.

89%

70+% 35+% 70% 23%

40%

POWER NAP

231 surveyed CNHS students averaged around 2 to 3 naps per week

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Stats from statnews.com, uvpediatrics.com, and sleepmeeting.org

IN-DEPTH

PAVING THE WAY TO WIN Boys’ basketball season starts back up again towards a road to victory

by Levi Tobias design by Aldo Ramos-Soto

Junior Seth McCauley shoots a layup to score

T

hough the basketball season has just started, preparation started early September. The preseason consisted of workouts, technique building and more.

Coming off a 19-4 season, senior Caleb Ferguson hopes that this season will get them far into sectionals.

“We had a great team last year, and even though we graduated a lot of players, I think this year we can be just as good,” Ferguson said.

Junior Austin Perry is a returning player from last year’s winning season. Perry has prepared for this season, along with his teammates, physically.

“Just working to get in shape and obviously gain strength and just recovery,” Perry said. “I work to be able to practice and play games every week.”

Ferguson is also working on preparing for the upcoming season.

“I prepared myself physically and mentally for the season by keeping myself in shape and focusing on the controllable,” Ferguson said.

Ferguson and Perry share similar goals, which both of them are trying to focus on, mentality and focusing on what they can control.

“I’m just trying to lock in on this season, trying to build chemistry as a team, for myself, just staying focused,” Perry said. “And working

towards the goal of winning a sectional.”

Perry’s main focus on working on himself is one of his main goals this year.

“I definitely would work on my ball handling,” Perry said. “Handling the ball under pressure. I did not shoot the ball to my expectations last year; hopefully, this year I can improve drastically on that.”

Ferguson also had specific goals for this season.

“I worked on my three-point shot and getting it off quicker,” Ferguson said. “I worked on my 7-9ft game and I worked on playing off two feet with pass fakes in the paint.”

Ferguson thinks the team is working well together for the upcoming season.

“Our team’s chemistry is great.

We have a lot of guys who look to make plays for others, and we all enjoy being with each other on and off the court,” Ferguson said. “This will have a positive impact on our season because good teams have great players, but great teams have great teammates.”

Goals as a team are one thing that both players take into consideration.

“I think our goal for this season is to reach our potential as a team,” Ferguson said. “We don’t want to determine our season off with wins and losses, but instead we want to be the best team we can be.”

THE PATH TO SUCCESS The process the team goes through to accomplish nationals

← photos by Aldo Ramos-Soto Boy’s break during game against Heritage North

16

SPORTS

←

STATE:

In some leagues, winning the state championship can be the final step to qualify for nationals.

REGIONALS:

A key step in a competitive pathway, allowing participants to test their skills against a wider and more competitive field.

←

SECTIONALS:

Sectionals can be the first round of the state tournament, with winners advancing to regionals.

NATIONALS: The highest level of competition, involving top athletes from across the country.

BRISK WATERS Swim team hoping for a great start to the new season

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n Nov. 18, the girls’ swim team began its season, while the boys’ team began a week later on Nov. 25.

With a fresh start of a season on the horizon, there are new milestones and cherishable highlights to uncover. As both teams start to get used to the choppy waters, the Captain of the girls’ team, Kanav Mehta, defines the group’s goal for this continuing season.

“Our goal this year is to grow as a team,

photo by Lois Guest Swim meet against whiteland community central

support each other, and keep improving both individually and together,” Mehta said. “We talk about what went well, what we can improve, and how we can use it to get better. We focus on growth, not blame.”

Mehta also spoke about how she prepares herself before every match as well as why she loves the sport.

“I stay calm, visualize my races, warm up properly, and get my mind focused so I’m ready to compete,” Mehta said. “I love how swimming challenges you individually but also brings you close to your team. The discipline and the environment always keep me coming back.”

Sophomore swimmer, Sharon Zhang, gives her perspective on what the team is aiming for this year.

“The team goal this year is to send people to state as well as to win sectionals. I think this year, we’ve been improving, as well as bonding with our team,” Zhang said. “I feel like it’s better to improve and win meets as a team with a strong bond between our teammates.”

Along with this year’s goals, Zhang describes who has guided her swimming journey.

“There are definitely a lot of people who got me into swimming, but I think the two main groups of influence are my friends and the coaches,” Zhang said.

“I joined the swim team to hang out with my friends, but soon afterwards, with the coach’s encouragement, I began to really enjoy this sport and wanted to improve my times and swims.”

Goals can take many forms, sometimes in a personal way.

by Owen Grimes design by Indi Meshberger

WINTER SWIM EVENTS DEC 20

last year,

11 AM @ CNHS

VS BEDFORD N LAWRENCE

JAN 8

6 PM @CNHS

VS BLOOMINGTON

JAN 10

10 AM

@TERRE HAUTE SOUTH

TOURNAMENT

6 PM JAN 20 @CNHS VS JENNINGS COUNTY Zhang explains her desires, as she goes on to tackle upcoming meets, and discusses her favorite part about swimming.

“My personal goal this year is to drop 5 seconds on my 100 breaststroke as well as drop time in my 100 freestyle. I feel confident with my goals, as well as the steps to accomplish them, Zhang said. “I already accomplished part of my goal, so I’m really looking forward to the rest of the season to improve,” Zhang said. “I definitely feel like racing and seeing each other race is my favorite part of the sport. It’s nice seeing all the hard work of practicing being paid off. I also enjoy cheering and watching my teammates cheer for each other. I think it’s really nice. Even though practice is hard and waking up early in the morning is hard, racing and being able to compete with the team is definitely worth it.”

On the boys’ side, freshman Sarthank Kamble goes in depth with what his favorite event is and how he can improve from

transitioning from middle school.

“My favorite is the 100 butterfly because butterfly is my favorite stroke and this is the way to test it,” Kamble said. “I want to improve on my 100 breaststroke.”

Junior, Oliver Lifferth, talks about what he enjoys most about the sport and what he’s excited about for the boys’ squad.

“I enjoy watching and cheering during the races of my teammates, as everyone becomes very passionate for the current event and whoever is swimming in it,” Lifferth said. “I am the most excited for the state/ sectional competitions at the end, as these are where all the hard work over the course of the season is showcased.”

Lifferth adds to this by sharing how students can show their support for the team.

“Students can show support by attending meets and cheering for North swimmers,” Lifferth said.

SPORTS

17

GLIDE AND GRIT A look into the schedule and training of an ice skater

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he laces up her skates and steps on the ice, ready to let go of the stress from the day.

Senior Vincia Li has been skating since the age of four, and for her, skating is a blend of physical challenge and creativity that continues to draw her in.

“I love ice skating because it needs the best of both worlds: athletics and artistry,” Li said.

For Li, skating is a way to decompress and a space where she can take a break from school.

“I also really appreciate having something to do as a ‘brain break’ from just school and academics all the time,” Li said.

Sophomore and ice skater Olivia Abon has a similar connection to skating, having spent most of her life on the ice. Abon has built an identity deeply rooted in the sport and has accomplished many astonishing feats.

“An Olympic medalist refers to me as ‘flip girl,’ and I was one of the state champions this year,” Abon said.

Abon has been skating since she was five years old, starting after she saw an ice show and became fascinated.

“I have been doing it for such a long time that I don’t know what life would be like without it,” Abon said.

Skating practice can be before or after school.

“I train an hour to an hourand-a-half in the morning before school and then return to the rink after school for another two or three hours, depending on the day,” Li said.

Every skater’s schedule is dependent on their individual plans.

“I practice five days a week, and every other day I do workouts at home,” Abon said.

Sophomore Kenna Murray works at the rink on top of practicing and finds herself at the rink often.

18

SPORTS

by Lou Briand

Vincia Li practicing at the rink

photo by Nolan Sparkman

“I practice three days a week, but I also work at the ice skating rink, so I’m usually there every day except Thursday and Sunday,” Murray said.

Though skating is a physical sport, Murray finds the mental aspect to be a struggle.

“Comparing myself is something I have really struggled with my whole life, and whenever I compare myself at skating, it brings me down,” Murray said.

What feels natural in the comfort of daily training can suddenly feel overwhelming under the spotlight.

“I’ll be able to perform elements perfectly during practice, but it feels different during competitions when I’m more nervous,” Li said. “Handling my nerves has definitely been

something that I’ve gotten a lot better at though.”

In addition to the emotional, psychological and physical demands, skaters must juggle the responsibilities that come with being an athlete and their academic expectations.

“As much as I’d like to say it’s all sunshine and rainbows, I definitely struggle with burnout, and it’s really hard trying to do homework or study for a big exam late into the night when my body already feels awful after

a long day of training,” Li said.

Despite the challenges, skaters continue to push forward because of their commitment to the sport.

“Skating is not just about having the strength to perform the most jump rotations or the flexibility to achieve new positions,” Li said. “It also requires the other sides of your brain, whether for musicality or artistic interpretation, which is an aspect I’ve really grown to love.”

ICE SKATING OPEN HOURS Hamilton Center and Ice Arena hours.

Open Skating: Tuesday/Thursday: 1:002:30PM Friday: 7:00-9:00 PM Satuday/Sunday: 2:00-4:00 PM

Public Session Rates: Child (5-17 Yrrs): $6 Adult (18 Yrs & Over): $6.50 Ice Skate rental: $3 Ice scooter rental: $2

INS AND OUTS Students participating in indoor track discuss their experiences

W

by Vivian Munger design by Nolan Sparkman ith the winter sports season beginning, indoor track athletes are preparing for the season ahead.

Head coach Rick Sluder remarks on the meaning of the outdoor versus indoor track season differences.

“The differences between indoor and outdoor track are relatively minor in most ways,” Sluder said. “The biggest difference is in teaching the [running] athletes how to handle the smaller size of the track; it’s half the size of the outdoor track in length and the way they have to approach their races because of that difference.”

Senior Aiden Hayes agrees that this difference plays a major part in running events.

“Indoor kind of messes with your brain a little bit, especially with the 400, since you’re running two laps instead of one,” Hayes said.

However, for Hayes, it’s important to consider more than the physical aspect of these races.

“You don’t want to keep your guard down the first one, so I think it’s more of just a mental thing,” Hayes said. “You think you’re close to the finish line, but in reality, you’ve got a whole lap more to go.”

Indoor track meets are in fieldhouses, and for these athletes, are found primarily in colleges around Indiana.

Sophomore Sydni Schiefer details her experience at these locations since completing her first indoor season last year.

“There’s definitely one at Indiana University, and the University of Indianapolis has a bubble,” Schiefer said. “[In] that one there’s also the pressure system, so when you go inside you have to go through this pressure door, and it hurts your ears, but that one’s cool.”

Similarly, Hayes notes the drawbacks of holding meets inside.

“It’s a lot louder because you’re closed in the space, so whenever you’re preparing [it’s important to] keep all that stuff out,” Hayes said. “You get that adrenaline rush before a meet; if you have too much of that, you’re just wearing yourself out.”

Although among the outdoor track events, Schiefer shares that discus is not included in the throwing events category.

Schiefer highlights shotput, her own event, during the indoor season.

“For indoor, you throw a different ball, it’s not a metal ball,” Schiefer said. “It’s a rubber ball, so it doesn’t hurt the ground. It’s a little bit bigger

THE MEET LOCATIONS

Where the indoor track meets are around Indiana University of Indianapolis Athletics and Recreation Center

Gladstein Fieldhouse

photo provided for The Triangle Senior Denton Sluder runs in Hoosier State Relay because of the rubber around it, but it weighs the same.”

Coach Sluder has 21 years of coaching experience, relying on both that and his experience as a runner to help these athletes. “[It] allows me to connect with the athletes during training and competition,” Sluder said. “I have been right where they are at that moment- nerves, discomfort, pain, and excitement- so I can help them through those experiences and relate to their highs and lows in the sport.”

Sophomore Joseph Day, a cross-country and track long-distance runner, has a straightforward approach to his races.

“Mentally, I don’t have any secrets, I just try to stay calm and not get in my head,” Day said.

“My best motivators are trying to

break my own records and beat people I don’t usually beat. Also, I just enjoy the sport.”

Schiefer details her motivation throughout the season.

“Definitely just competing, trying to be the best I can, trying to throw the hardest and do the little things right,” Schiefer said.

“Also, just like competing with my own teammates and pleasing my coach.”

All in all, these athletes dedicate time in the months of January through February for the indoor season.

“Track takes a lot of energy and commitment to be a part of,” Day said. “I’ve noticed myself having a lot less free time and being tired from the training, but you also make a lot of friends and get into great shape physically, so it’s 100% worth it.”

SPORTS

19

SEASONAL SADNESS

As we approach the winter months, statistics show this can be a stressful and anxious time for many.

by Alexa Lanam

ys The holida upend our normal schedules

40% of people report feeling stressed about finding the perfect gift

Ways of calming your own stress - Take a moment to check in with yourself - Go for a walk, journal or chat with a friend - Spend more time in nature

Tip- Find coping mechanism that work for you

20%- Feel left out or excluded during the holiday

20

Signs and symptoms of SAD may include: • Feeling listless, sad or down most of the day, nearly every day • Losing interest in activities you once enjoyed • Having low energy and feeling sluggish • Having problems with sleeping too much • Experiencing carbohydrate cravings, overeating and weight gain • Having difficulty concentrating • Feeling hopeless, worthless or guilty • Having thoughts of not wanting to live

Tip- Another coping mechanism could be volunteering or helping others in need.

source: mayoclinic.org, psychiatrist.com, pakeys.org

Tip- Talking to friends and family about your stress can help to relieve the burden

37%- of people try to magange expectations during the holidays