Complete Blood Count; CBC Test
A CBC test is called a complete blood count test looks at the quantities and characteristics of blood cells. The dimensions, quantity, and level of maturity of the various blood cells in a given amount of blood are all measured by a complete blood count (CBC) test. Red blood cells (RBCs), white blood cells (WBCs), and platelets are the three types of cells that are examined.
The oxygen-carrying capacity of red blood cells is crucial for preventing anaemia and weariness. While the hematocrit component of the CBC assesses the proportion of red blood cells in the blood, haemoglobin assesses the ability of the red blood cells to transport oxygen.
White blood cells defend against disease. Therefore, an infection may be present if there are more white blood cells than usual. Reduced levels could be a sign of some rheumatic conditions or a drug reaction.
The body is protected from bleeding and bruising by platelets. Typically, it is done to look for a blood infection.
Following are the results of a CBC test:
Amount of red blood cells overall (the RBC count)
Blood's overall haemoglobin content
Proportion of red blood cells in blood (the hematocrit)
Average size of a red blood cell (the mean corpuscular volume)
Average haemoglobin content per red blood cell (the mean corpuscular hemoglobin)
Hemoglobin content per red blood cell on average (the mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration)
Amount of white blood cells overall
The quantity of each type of white blood cell, including neutrophils (the WBC differential) (the absolute neutrophil count, or ANC)
Amount of platelets (the platelet count)
Why a CBC test is done
A typical blood test is a CBC. Although it can be done at any time, it is frequently done as part of a regular checkup. A CBC test may be done to:
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Observe how well the spleen and bone marrow are functioning. assist in the diagnosis of illnesses and ailments that impact blood cells, such as leukaemia, anaemia, infection, and blood disorders. set a baseline against which future CBCs can be compared. to see if the bone marrow is suppressed track a condition (as a part of follow-up)
How a CBC test is done
Typically, a CBC test is performed in a hospital or Pathology lab. Before getting a CBC, you can be given specific recommendations to follow. Before getting a CBC, you might be requested to cease taking several medications because they could impact the results. To find out if you should stop taking any medications and for how long, check with the lab.
Usually, an arm vein is used to draw blood. Your upper arm is wrapped in an elastic band (tourniquet) to apply pressure to the region and make the veins more visible. To make the veins more visible, you could be instructed to create a fist. The skin is sterilised and cleansed. A vein is punctured with a needle, and a little amount of blood is drawn out. A stinging or prickling sensation could occur.
Your name and other identifying details are written on the tube that the blood is collected in before being injected. Blood is occasionally collected in multiple tubes. The needle is extracted when the tourniquet has been taken off. When the needle is removed, you can experience some minor discomfort. The bleeding is stopped by applying pressure to the spot where the needle was put. You might apply a tiny bandage to the region.
An expert in the lab (a lab technologist) examines the blood sample using microscopes and other specialised tools.
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