Svalbard 78°N - Svabard Cruiseship terminal

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LINDBERG ILJA D A -M NIE R LA ONMENT ITE VIR RE EN

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University

2013

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Supervisor:

David

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Garcia

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- CHRIS ERD ILLER MA AM EL N NI DA

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DAVID GAR CIA

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SVALBARD

78° N AAD

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LUND SCHOOL OF ARCHITECURE

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78° N

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LUND SCHOOL OF ARCHITECURE

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DAVID GARCIA K-C PIK LE ME ITECTURE A NA H I I C ND N AR -L

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DAVID GARCI AK PIK CL A ITECTURE A EM H IN C I ND L E AR T 3

IELA MILLER DAN MA RT A

BIOMIMICRY OF POLAR PLANTS

INTENTION

Svalbard, the norwegian group of islands between the 74th and the 81st latitude, hosts one of the northernmost year-round inhabited settlement. The city of Longyearbyen, a traditional mining town, is the biggest settlement on Svalbard and surprisingly normal, considering the extraordinary climatical conditions and considering the fact that on Svalbard are more polarbears than human beings.

To figure out how this extreme climate with an average temperature of -20째C in the winter months and total darkness for four months impact the perceptions people living there. These arctic conditions with low temperatures, strong winds and foundations on permafrost put high requirements on building constructions and used materials.

To get an impression how things have to be constructed and how materials behave under this conditions every one in the studio constructed a device for measuring different parameter in an environment 1338km north of the polar circle.

Since Svalbard has one of the most outstanding vegetation in the short summer period I was doing my research on how the can survive under this conditions and how they reproduce theirself in order to build a bio mimic device.

NY-ÅLESUND KONGS-

FJORDEN

SPITZBERGEN AN RL FO

PYRAMIDEN

LEJ BIL

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TEMPELJORD

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SPITZBERGEN

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NORDAUSTLANDET

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BARENTSØYA

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BARENTSBURG AD

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LONGYEARBYEN

78.2167° N, 15.6333° E

TEMPELJORDEN

FJ.

BARENTSBURG

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BIL

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LONGYEARBYEN

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NORDJORDEN

SPITZBERGEN PYRAMIDEN

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PYRAMIDEN

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NY-ÅLESUND

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.

LONGYEARBYEN

78.2167° N, 15.6333° E

ON GR

FJ.

BARENTSBURG

SVEA SVEA

ORDEN

ILENFJ

VAN M

RDEN

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IL VAN M

POLAR NIGHT AND MIDNIGHT SUN Due to its location between the 74th and the 81st latitude there are big differences in the solar isolation. During the polar night which lasts from the end of october until the mid of february the sun never rises behind the horizon and from the mid of april until the end august the sun never sets. In the period of our study trip to Svalbard we are pleased by exploring the first sunrays hitting Longyearbyen after almost five months of absence.

The following days are, as long as the weather conditions suit, planned for doing outdoor measurements with the device.

Longyearbyen, Svalbard Norway

RESEARCH EXPEDITION SVALBARD

Latitude 78° 13' 6.92"N Longitude 15° 38' 55.50"E data: http://www.timeanddate.com

2013-2-15

2013-4-19

+40°

+35°

+30°

+25° +22,5° +20°

+15°

+10°

+5°

HORIZON

-5° -6°

-10°

-15°

2013-1-1

2013-1-8

2013-1-15

2013-1-22

2013-1-29

2013-2-5

2013-2-11 2013-2-18

2013-2-25

2013-3-4

2013-3-11

2013-3-18

2013-3-25

2013-4-1

2013-4-8

2013-4-15

2013-4-22

2013-4-29

2013-5-7

2013-5-14

2013-5-21

2013-5-28

2013-6-4

2013-6-11

2013-6-18

2013-6-25

2013-7-2

2013-7-9

2013-7-16

2013-7-23

2013-7-30

2013-8-6

201

13-8-13

2013-8-25

DATE TWILIGHT SUN

2013-10-26

2013-2-12 8:48 - 15:37

1,5° 1,0° 0,5°

-0,5° -1,0°

-6,0°

2013-10-31 2013-8-20

2013-8-27

2013-9-3

2013-9-10

2013-9-17

2013-9-24

2013-10-1

2013-10-8

2013-10-16

2013-10-23

2013-11-7

2013-11-14

2013-11-21

2013-11-28

2013-12-5

2013-12-12

2013-12-19

2013-12-26

2013-12-31

2013-2-13 8:40 - 15:45

2013-2-14 8:32 - 15:54

2013-2-15 8:24 - 16:02 11:32 - 12:43

2013-2-16 8:16 - 16:10 11:08 - 13:17

2013-2-17 8:08 - 16:18 10:47 - 13:38

2013-2-18 8:00 - 16:25 10:29 - 13:56

2013-2-19 7:52 - 16:33 10:14 - 14:11

2013-2-20 7:44 - 16:41 10:00 - 14:24

Svalbard is due to the gulf stream, bringing warm water far to the north, one of the most northern islands where during the short summer period vegetation is able to grow. Since the temperature increases enough for growing plants and reproducing themselfes just for a couple of weeks every year, plants at this latitudes have evolved different mechanisms to handle these extreme climatic conditions.

Beside the temperature wind is one most determining factor which kind of plants are growing and where they are situated. Most plants which can survive on a rocky soil are located on the windward side of the slopes, which is in the case of Svalbard south east. The reason for this is, that on those slopes less snow gets accumulated during the winter and plants can start their process of reproducing earlier. The dark ground of the slopes also gets heated up early and provides a higher temperature close to the soil.

ARCTIC VEGETATION

Measurements have shown that the air temperature at the ground can be seven times higher than in 70cm hight above the ground. Therefore plants in arctic areas are quite small and close to the ground where the temperatures are higher and the wind speeds are lower.

Another way to increase the chances to reproduce itself is to be an evergreen. Not loosing the leaves in autumn means that they don‘t have to grow again in spring. This saves time and the photosynthesis can start as soon as it is warmer than 0°C. Additionally plants have developed certain shapes of their flowers or further mechanisms to gather as much sunlight as possible to be able to increase the temperature inside their flowers so that the seed can grow faster.

SVALBARD POPPY “Papaver dahlianum” The Svlabard poppy, the symbolic flower of Svalbard, is a heliotropic plant which means that its flower is tracking the sun. In this way it can get 24 hours of sunlight during the summer period when the sun, due to the midnight sun at this latitude, never sets. Within the white or yellow colored deep shaped flowers, which keep the wind out, the Svalbard poppy is able to generate a temperature of 20°C when the air temperature outside of the flower is only at 12°C. It is still a mystery why there are two different species with different colored flowers existing on Svalbard whereas results of research of arctic plants show, that yellow poppies are about 1,5°C inside the flowers than the white poppies.

This unusual since a higher temperature inside the flower increases the growth of the seeds and increases the reproduction.

Height: 10–25 cm high Flower size: 2–4 cm in diameter Soil: gravel, roadsides, scree sleeps and ledges

SUN

ANTHER WIND

PETALS

STAMEN

OVARY

FLOWER STALK

SEPALS OVARY

BOG ROSEMARY “Andromeda polifolia” The white to pink bell shaped flowers of the “Bog Rosemary” consist of translucent walls which allow light to pierce through. Similar to a green house the air temperature inside the flower increases which supports growing the seeds faster. Only a little opening in the bottom of the flower allows the pollination and minimizes the escape of warm air.

Height: 10–20 cm (rarely to 40 centimetres) Flower size: 5–8 mm

SUN

OVARY PETAL

WIND STAMEN

ANTHER

SEPALS

SUN WIND

COTTON

ARCTIC COTTON GRASS “Eriophorum callitrix” The seed of the „Arctic Cotton Grass“ uses a method which is mostly used by living organisms to regulate their body temperature. The dark colored seed is surrounded by a cotton like wool which allows the light to shine through and generate heat inside. The wool operates as an insulating layer and protects the seed from the wind.

Height: 15-30 cm Soil: moist soil

OVARY

FLOWER STALK

SUN WIND

COTTON

SEPALS

ANTHER

OVARY STAMEN

FLOWER STALK

THE DEVICE

Based on the mechanisms of plants to increase the temperature in their flowers for growing their seeds during the very short reproductive periods in polar regions, this device is a reconstruction of different flower shapes. Therefore the flowers of three different on Svalbard domestic plants were researched and got translated into the technical device, aiming to evaluate which typology of flower is able generate the highest temperature within the flower respectively which shape is the most efficient one.

Therefore eight different test set-ups got attached to an antenna-like base construction out of aluminium tubes and wooden joints. The focus during the construction period was on waterproof, lightweight materials and a simple set up, even with gloves at cold temperatures. According to this all connections are working on friction, tension or precisely fitting without a single screw.

Three of the test set-ups are reconstructions of the deep shaped flower of the Svalbard poppy with a closed, parabolic shaped volume. Five more set-ups are based on the bell shaped flowers of the Bog rosemary and have a spherical form. Due to the period respectively the temperatures at this time where this experiment is done all volumes got closed and equally insulated.

Every single volume got a thermometer to measure the temperature inside and outside completely independent from the other test set-up to get comparable results.

On site the device got positioned in the open landscape of Svalbard to gather as much natural light as possible in between the steep mountains surrounding Longyearbyen.

SYSTEM “SVALBARD POPPY” One shape is designed to act as an upscaled model of the Arctic Poppy‘s flower which catches the light by tracking the sun. As there are differences in the flower color of Svalbard poppies beside a reconstruction close to the natural example modified test series with different materials got used. This should clarify if it possible to improve the microclimate within the flower shaped volumes by using SUN transparent, translucent, light absorbing or light reflecting materials. Depending on the quality of the surface, if it is light absorbing or light reflecting, results should show whether it is better to heat up the whole volume or to focus all the light into one point. ANTHER WIND The construction of this shape should be realized in a simple plug connection with light weight and weather-resistant materials like acrylic glass.

PETALS

STAMEN

OVARY

FLOWER STALK

ACRYLIC FIXTURES

P1

LIGHT ABSORBING MATERIAL

P2 LIGHT REFLECTING MATERIAL

P3 LIGHT ABSORBING MATERIAL

TRANSPARENT FRONTELEMENT

TRANSPARENT FRONTELEMENT

HALFWAY LIGHT REFLECTING MATERIAL (MYLAR)

SEPA

OVARY

PETALS

STAMEN

SYSTEM “BOG ROSEMARY” OVARY

Another shape is a sphere made out of translucent, vacuum formed PET which follows the design of the „Bog Rosemary“ with its green house effect to increase the temperature.

A smaller sphere inside a bigger sphere creates an insulating layer air. The inner spheres have different materials and qualities concerning light transmission, reflection and absobtion whereas the outer sphere is always transparent.

The test set-up S6 and S7 should clearify where the best position for a light absorbing layer within a closed system is. With the volumes P3 and S8 it should be possible to evaluate if the lower light trasmition through Mylar can compansate the lower energy loss from the inside to the outside of the volumes.

FLOWER STALK

SUN

SEPALS OVARY

FLOWE

S4

TRANSPARENT INNER SPHERE

S5

TRANSLUCENT INNER SPHERE

S6

TRANSPARENT FRONTSIDE INNER SPHERE LIGHT ABSORBING BACKSIDE INNER SPHERE

S7

LIGHT ABSORBING INNER SPHERE

S8

HALFWAY LIGHT REFLECTING INNER SPHERE (MYLAR LAYER)

ALUMINIUM TUBES 10mm

WOODEN JOINTS THERMOMETER S5 THERMOMETER P2 THERMOMETER P1 PARABOLIC SHAPE P2

PARABOLIC SHAPE P1

SPHERIC SHAPE S5

THERMOMETER S4

THERMOMETER P3 SPHERIC SHAPE S4 PARABOLIC SHAPE P3 THERMOMETER S6

THERMOMETER S7 SPHERIC SHAPE S7

SPHERIC SHAPE S6 THERMOMETER S8 ALUMINIUM TUBE 16mm SPHERIC SHAPE S8 CONNECTING PIECE ALUMINIUM TUBE 10mm + ACRYLIC RINGS

ALUMINIUM TUBE 16mm

WOODEN TRIPOD BASE

LEGS ALUMINIUM TUBES 16mm

BUILDING PROCESS

THE FINAL DEVICE

LOCATIONS 2.0

2.0

38.5 1.9

2.0

2.1

1.9 2.3 2.1

2.3

2.8 2.1 2.2

40.7

2.3

0.9

48.6

1.9

0.7

2.1

1.3 1.5

SESSION 2

1.1

78°12’03’’ N 15°35’23’’ E

1.3 2.4 3

1.1 55.1

1.3

1.6 1.3 1.2 2.2

2.8

2.7

0.8

2.8

114.5

2.6

2.8

2 3.8 2.4 3.1

2.1

33.6 2.6 2.2

10.6

2.6 46.4 1.8

2.3 3.9

5.2

45.6

3.2 5.4

5.3 69

6.7

2.4

6.4

8.2 8.5

7.2

2.5

6.1

7.4

9.0

8.6

61.2

10.5

7.9

70.2

40 71.7

5.1

7.4

39.5

11.4

3.8

6.8 4.8

2.1

1.0 1.2

1.5

3.4 34.8

1.4

1.5

0.8

1.4 6.4

3.7

1.3

11

2.0

9.2

0.9

0.7 1.7

0.2

2.5

10.3 9.9

42.3

13.7

10.9

30.4 12.6

1.4

23

1.3

10.7 2.4

17.2

0.4 1.3 1.5

1.5 1.5

1.8

19

18.3 0.7

0.3

2

9.7

16.0

21.5

19.6 17.4

1.5 0.9 0.7

18.3

23.4 0.6 9.2 19.2

1.2

16.8

1.1 21.4

16

1

2.4

0.9

18.1 20.8 1.2

19.2

26.3 26.2

23.5

21.5

1.5

0.8

2.3

21.3 51.7

18

21.3

18.2

0.8 0.7

19.5

1.3

22.4 30.7

29.7 19.4 29.8

23.4 30.1 22.4 421

1.8

3.4

24.3

7

2.7

25.6

50.8

1

37.1 1.3

25.5

25.6 2

29.7 25.8

27.3

26.3

1.5

1.4

28.6 45 27.3

27.6 26.5

3.9

2.2

42.4 31.5

18.5

31.5 6 62.4 61.2 27.8

31.3

30.5

49.4

13.7 32.3

35.9

3.7 3.4 32.6

43.5

13.8

90.4

5.7 33.2

36.9

31.9

37

34.4

412.9

109.6

39 68.6

78.5 37.5 42.6

104.4 42.5

46.6

36 42.7

38.9

37.3

41.9

101.7

44.3

39.8

41.2

42.3

12.3

32.7 433.6

43.6

68.2 55.2

54.2 48.7

42.2

44.2 56.5

54.8

54.3 50.5

50.3 452.2

50.9

53.4 51.8

65.4 64.9

54

57.0

53.9

56.2 53.7 70.8 75.2

53.7

54.0

64.2

53.8

55.7 54.2 59.9

373.1

97.9

286.8 60.4

58.5

66.1

61.5

57.8 65.2 60.4

61.8

68.2

69.6

71.2

73.6

421.2

70.3

76.4

SESSION 1

78.7

79.9

422.1

78°13’11’’ N 15°42’35’’ E

80.7

82.2

83.4

83.8 80.1

86.5

87.2 85.8 86

112.5 90.7

90.3

120.7 119.8

104.5

418.6 90.5

94

203.4

99.3

128

101.9

128.4 175.4

100.7

180

126.7

177.8

110.2

105.6

133

112.2

432

120.6

460.4 120.7

122.8

121

SESSION 2 78°12’03’’ N 15°35’23’’ E

SESSION 1 78°13’11’’ N 15°42’35’’ E

FIRST SESSION 78°13’11’’ N 15°42’35’’ E 2013 - 02 - 14 22:10 - 22:55 CET +01:00

A first test set-up of the device to check the equipment and to practise building it up in arctic conditions.

SECOND SESSION 78°12’03’’ N 15°35’23’’ E 2013 - 02 - 16 11:00 - 12:30 CET +01:00

According to the forecast the sun is visible on the 15th of fabruary and on the 16th of february two hours of sunlight are available to do measurements.

THIRD SESSION 55°42’48’’ N 13°12’45’’ E 2013 - 03 - 12 8:45 - 9:30 CET +01:00

Due to the lack of sunlight in valley of Longyearbyen and the Adventdalen during the study trip further measurements have to be done in Lund, Sweden.

40°C 35°C 30°C 25°C 20°C 15°C 10°C 5°C 0°C 8:45

8:50

8:55

9:00

9:05

9:10

9:15

9:20

9:25

9:30

TIME

-5°C -10°C

P1 ... parabolic shaped - light absorbing material inside, fronside transparent P2 ... parabolic shaped - light reflecting material inside, fronside transparent P3 ... parabolic shaped - light absorbing material inside, fronside Mylar OUTSIDE TEMPERATURE

S1 ... spherical shaped - 100% transparent S2 ... spherical shaped - inner sphere frosted translucent S3 ... spherical shaped - inner sphere half transparent, half light absorbing S4 ... spherical shaped - inner sphere fully light absorbing S5 ... spherical shaped - inner sphere with Mylar cover

THE ARCHITECTURAL SVALBARD PROJECT

Since the economy on Svalbard is already moving from mining towards tourism and will continue this trend in the future, the ways of people approaching to Svalbard respectively Longyearbyen is an important topic. At the moment, independent from the way of transportation and reaching the island, the last part is to take the bus from the airport or the harbour approaching Longyearbyen from the road along the coast through the unattractive an not well defined industrial and storage areas.

Although the city is very close to the Andventfjord no entrance from the town to the waterfront is provided.

This might be related to the fact, that the centre of Longyearbyen, as an old mining town with the coal mines in the mountains, has always been in the Longyear valley away from the sea. As mentioned, times and economy changes but there is still a lack of access of the coastal area. Instead many of the most prominent areas close to the waterfront are neglected storage areas which would have a big potential to represent Longyearbyen from the seaside.

INTRODUCTION

The aim for the built environment is to create space which simplifies the arrival of Svalbard‘s most important customer as well as it uses fallow parts of the town, reuses them and gives back common areas.

Like central stations the in cities a terminal for cruise ships could be the portal for the tourists to enter Longyearbyen and Svalbard. As close as possible to todays city centre the visitors get the possibilty to experience Longyearbyen by feet without the need of an additional transfer from the harbour.

Unluckily the cruise ships spend only a few ours in this stunning environment before they depart and in this time the visitors should be able to get as much impression as possible as well as the tourism sector get the infrastructure to support the visitors in their intentions.

Due to its weather conditions Longyearbyen also lacks an informal place where the inhabitants can meet and spend some time. The two public facilities “Huset” and “Kulturhuset” are places where events meetings take place but a common open space like a town square is missing. The center of the town is aligned along a public axis in north-south direction, characterized by the motion of people walking there.

During the wintertime when no cruise ships are landing onto Svalbard big parts of the terminal building get open up and accessible for the inhabitants of Longyeabyen offering them space to meet informally and giving them indoor spatial qualities of outdoor.

5 10

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90 40

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125

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SITE

The site for the project is on the waterfront in the north of Longyearbyen. At the moment one of the best piece of land on a plateau ten meters above the sealevel is used as an storage area. Hidden by a row of houses but very close to the city centre the terrain at this place offers a stunning view over the adventdalen before its bluff bank goes down to the sea. This plot provides a good point of departure for a development bringing the city closer to the sea - a so far neglected part in the relationship of Longyearbyen to its surrounding.

view from the left hand side of the river

SITE AREAL VIEW

AI

RP

OR

T

AI

RP

OR

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PUBLIC AXIS EVENT SPACES BUS ROUTE CITY CENTER INDUSTRIAL AND STORAGE AREA EXISTING CRUISESHIP TERMINAL

REFERENCES

YOKOHAMA INTERNATIONAL PASSENGER TERMINAL BY FOA The 2002 opened cruisehip terminal in Yokohama changed most likely the way of treating infrastructure building for transportation. The architectural office of FOA (Foreign Office Architects) created a vertically layered architecture with a new approach of a mixed use concept which offers a logistically working architecture for transportation and open space environment for the whole city. The building is covered by a skin like roof structure which performs as an extension of the city’s public space. The topography provides open green areas and more intimate yards to attract people spending their spare time there and vitalising the whole area.

All necessary facilities for the terminal itself like the check in, security checks, shops and gastronomy are situated in the first and second floor.

STOCKHOLM FERRY TERMIANL BY C.F.MĂ˜LLER The 2010 by C.F.Møller won competition for a new ferry terminal in Stockholm acts as an extended arm of the city and features recreation areas at the harbours waterfront. The streched shape of the bulding contains six floors which are seperated vertically in three sectors by there requirements of use and movement streams.

KAOHSIUNG PORT TERMINAL BY REISER-UMEMOTO 1st price of the competition 2010, opening 2014 The Kaohsiung Port Terminal project seizes the opportunity to blend seemingly divergent uses of a port terminal, office tower and public space. It celebrates the crossing of the threshold from land to water. The architectural form is divided into four parts, representing the three terminals (international departure, domestic departure, and international and domestic arrivals) and tower. The lobby space operates as an architectural manifold, directing users via multiple direct sight lines. This new addition to the urban infrastructure of Kaohsiung serves the functions of arrivals, departures and port administration with those of the recreational waterfront—all under one roof. The new terminal, coupled with the development of an elevated boardwalk and greenway, enables the revitalization of the harbor district and its transformation from a utilitarian industrial zone to one of recreation and public use. The port is always lively; shops, restaurants, hotels and public access to the water attract tourists and local residents alike. (http://www.reiser-umemoto.com)

KAOHSIUNG PORT TERMINAL BY ASYMPTOTE The new Kaohsiung Marine Gateway Terminal designed by Asymptote is a new state of the art transportation interchange, an urban destination with both terminal and public facilities including exhibition and event spaces for the people of Kaohsiung as well as for national and international visitors. The port terminal extends the urban realm from the center of Kaohsiung to the city’s waterfront and connects this new urban space with the vitality of the future Pop Music Center and other public recreational and commercial activities that are to be located along the planned park at water’s edge.

The curved form of the terminal hall sits delicately yet majestically above the large open plaza activated by the flow of people moving back and forth between the harbor and the city. From the city, the terminal forms an urban scaled aperture that frames the harbor and water beyond. The sculpted underside of the floating building provides shelter to the urban space from the strong sun and seasonal rains while at night it provides dramatic illumination for the ongoing public activities, events and celebrations. (http://www.asymptote.net/buildings/kaohsiung-marine-gateway/)

PROGRAMME

As starting point for developing the waterfront and offering the future customers a new way of approaching Longyearbyen a terminal for cruise ships will be the new gate to Svalbard.

A cruise ship terminal has certain requests concerning movement flows of the huge amount of people using it in a very short period when leaving and entering the ships. Further more regulations for security and customs are compareable with aircraft terminals which means that areas for passport check, security check and customs have to considered.

Due to the short time of around 5 hours a cruiseships stays in Longyearbyen the terminal has also the function of a hub in the network of tourism and needs to include an info point with the possibility to inform about offered tours and to book those activities. To keep distances short, the site is close to the storage buildings of the companies involved in the business of tourism and connections to different ways of transportation on land and water need to be implemented.

Since those 300m long cruise ships with up to 3500 passengers visit Svalbard only from may to august this building must, beside from the for tourism necessary infrastructure, provide other possible uses all year round and for the people living there.

While the indoor park might be a pretty crowded space when the ships are anchoring at Longyearbyen it becomes a much more quiet area during the rest of the year. When the weather conditions get more uncomfortable it acts as an extended living room for the inhbitants of Longyearbyen where they can spend their spare time in this recreational space. Lying in between greenery inside a controlled environment whereas the the winter is comming back outside after this very short period of warmer temperatures.

The main waiting area for the passengers changes into a promenade where people can use the seatings steps as a place to observe the extraordinary landscape. The passport, security and customs checks get removed and the torus-like shape offers a running track where the inhabitants can pursue activities they cannot do when the landscape gets covered by snow and ice again.

Since the UNIS building, which is the actual home of the Svalbard Museum, is already to small, the Svalbard museum can be moved from there to the new terminal. This would make more space for the UNIS available and the museum would become a part of an educational area to inform people and make them more conscious about this extraordinary piece of land they enter.

One key element being used outside the high season of tourism will be a rather big, open, weather independend space. During the tourist saison this will be highly frequented by the visitors and equipped with an indoor garden it is a meeting point for the inhabitants with a piece of green during the polar night. The indoor plaza and the garden/ park are both meant to exist in a symbiotic way and act as an observatory for the unique landscape.

A restaurant on the edge of the bluff and will serve beside the meals a great view over the Advendfjord and the unique landscape.

HUB BOATS

CRUISE SHIP

150m2

SECURITY ZONE 150m2

WAINTING AREA 1500m2

RESTAURANT & CAFE 500m2

INFO POINT TOURISM 200m2

COMMON PLAZA & INDOOR PARK 2000m2

SHOP SVALBARD MUSEUM & EDUCATION PATH 1500m2

200m2

HARBOUR AUTHORITY 500m2

HUB BUS & TAXI 250m2

PASSANGERS ARRIVAL PASSENGERS DEPARTURE LONGYEARBYEN INHABITANTS

HUB BOATS

SECUITY CHECK ARRIVAL HUB BOATS

SECUITY CHECK ARRIVAL

SECUITY CHECK ARRIVAL HUB BOATS SECUITY CHECK DEPARTURE

SECURITY CHECK DEPARTURE

RESTAURANT/ CAFE INDOOR GARDEN

RESTAURANT/ CAFE

RESTAURANT/ CAFE

INFO POINT

INFO POINT

SHOP

MUSEUM SHOP

INDOOR GARDEN

INFO POINT

INDOOR GARDEN

MUSEUM

MUSEUM

SHOP HUB BUS

CHECK-IN

HUB BUS

CHECK-IN

HUB BUS

PROGRAMME ARRANGEMENT STUDIES

RESTAURANT/ CAFE

SHOP INFO POINT

INDOOR GARDEN

SECUITY CHECK ARRIVAL HUB BOATS

SECURITY CHECK ARRIVAL

MUSEUM SECURITY CHECK DEPARTURE

SECURITY CHECK DEPARTURE MUSEUM HUB BOATS

RESTAURANT/ CAFE

INFO POINT HUB BUS

SHOP

INDOOR GARDEN

CHECK-IN CHECK-IN HUB BUS

SHOP INFO POINT

HUB BOATS SECUITY CHECK ARRIVAL

MUSEUM SECURITY CHECK DEPARTURE

RESTAURANT/ CAFE HUB BUS

INDOOR GARDEN

CHECK-IN

PROGRAMME ARRANGEMENT STUDIES

HUB BUSSES

TERMINAL CHECK-IN RESTAURANT

INDOOR PARK SECURITY CHECK PASSPORT CHECK HUB BOATS

N

30%

20% 5%

E

10%

W

S

0.3-1.6 m/s

1.6-3.4 m/s

3.4-5.5 m/s

5.5-8.0 m/s

8.0-10.8 m/s

10.8-13.9 m/s

>13.9 m/s

SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS WIND

Building in extreme einvironments requires to take care of the extraordinary climatical conditions.

Strong winds in combination with snow in form of sharp little ice chrystals is one of the main facts which have to be considered when building on Svalbard. Due to the stong winds the skin of the buildings demands windproof materials. Because of the special snow with its low adhesion the arrangement of volumes, openings and entrances needs to be planed with the main wind directions to avoid accumulations of snow and snow drifts.

ICE DRIFT

The forces ice generates when it grows are enormous and can destroy ships just by crushing their walls. The vessel of a icebreaker has a very shallow angle to move the front part of the ship onto the ice which collapses under the weight.

Reversing this system upside down, the piles of the Confederation Bridge in Canada have a conical shaped part at the sea level. When the sea ice hits this cone the horizontal forces transform into vertical forces and the ice breaks into smaler pieces which takes the pressure from the pile and enables the ice to move around.

2.00

PRED E OF 3 FINED DIAM .00m ET

- 4.0

0m

ER

2.50

m

PRED E OF 1 FINED DIAM 0.00 m ETE

2.50

m

-2.0

0-

+2.0

0m

R

-10 -

10,78°

30,73°

21,53°

54,56°

40,14°

56,42°

42,04°

43,14°

+10°

째

SUN

Due to the latitude the sun is one of most changing elements in Svalbad. The four months long polar night faces the midnight sun in the summer and with 1150 hours of sun per year it has as much solar insolation as cities like Berlin or Warschau. Although the sun is shining 24 hours a day it still cold and the solar energy can and should be transformed to heat or electrical energy. Therefore solar studies with a software combination of Rhino, Grasshopper and Ecotect were made and with a evolutionary solver the best shape of a torus-like volume was generated to get as much solar impact as possible during the bright months from 21st of march to the 21t of september.

Wh/m2 684000 646000 605000 570000 532000 494000 456000 418000 380000 342000 304000

THERMOCHROME FACADE FACADEPANELS

Based on the systems of arctic plants and the research which has been done on Svalbard a bio mimic facade system gets applied on the most exposed areas of the building with the highest degree of solar insolation. The panels are bivalve shells with a light absorbing material on the backside of the inner shell to create heat within the panels which gets transported to the interior of the building by a water glycol mixture with a high thermal capacity. The backside of the outer shell is made out of polished, highly reflective metall which reflects also light onto the backside of the innershell. The top of the panel is made out of thermochrome acrylic glass which reacts on the themperature outside and changes from white translucent to transparent at a temperature of 0째C. Through this face changing material the result is a facade which has a white appearance during the winter months whereas the panels become transparent, showing the black insides of the panels and producing energy in the summer months.

HUB BOATS

EXIT

TOURIST INFO & SHOP

SECURITY ZONE

PANORAMA GANGWAY

INDOOR PARK AND RESTAURANT SHOP

PORT AUTHORITY

SVALBARD EDUCATION PATH

BIRDS VIEW

- 20,0m

GROUNDFLOOR

- 10,0m

- 5,0m

SEA LEVEL

50

20

10

0

ELEVATION WEST

SECTION