Architecture Masters Diploma: Future Liveability in the Seafood Sector

Future Liveability in the Seafood Sector Vypin Food & Logistics Hub Claudia Petre MArch Thesis XIII Liveable Urbanism 2022

note: please enable ‘two-page view’ display

Contents

Thesis Outline

4

Liveability & Economy Liveable Ci es Economic Liveability Kochi’s Economy

5 6 7

The Fishing Industry Industrial Fishing in Kerala Tradi onal Fishing Communi es Kochi’s Main Harbours The Commodity Chain of Seafood Vypin Harbour Cochin Fisheries Harbour On site Findings

8 9 10 11 12 14 16

Addressing the Main Issues

18

Issues Urban Strategy Infrastructure E-commerce Catalyst E-Commerce & Dark Stores

22 23 24 25

Site Study Site Analysis Fish Landing Timeline On Site Ac vi es Moments of Kochi & India

26 28 30 32

Vypin Food & Logistics Hub Integra on on Site: Proposal Vypin Food & Logis cs Hub Ac vi es & Movement: Morning Ac vi es & Movement: A ernoon The Scheme

34 36 40 50 53

Impact

60

Bibliography

62

Thesis Outline

How could traditional fishing still be a way of sustaining a livelihood?

A key aspect of liveable ci es is economic well being. Unfortunately, increasing numbers of urban dwellers face financial struggles on a daily basis, the result of marginalisa on, a lack of employment opportuni es and reduced upward mobility. In an increasingly global world, easy access to informa on and employment should be guaranteed for all.

The informal economy has grown as an alterna ve to an unequal and exclusivist formal system. However, in informality, income gaps are huge; some thrive while others struggle to make ends meet. This is the case of the seafood sector of Kochi: industrial fisheries and large export companies dominate the scene while tradi onal fishermen struggle to sustain a living.

This thesis presents the make-up of Kochi’s fishing industry and its commodity chains, iden fying and addressing key issues that affect tradi onal fishing prac ces. It further proposes an infrastructure to support the ac vi es and well being of fisher communi es and small vendors alike, addressing the impact of unregulated industrial fishing prac ces. Changes will be proposed on policy and on spa al levels that would impact the en re fishing sector in Kochi and the way fresh fish is consumed, in an a empt to make the city more liveable.

4

Liveable Cities

Economic Liveability The concept of liveability was first introduced in 1960s ques oning the rela onship between economic and social well-being.

Liveability o en refers to the ‘quality of life’ experienced by members of a city. It depends on three key dimensions: the economy, social wellbeing, and the environment.

Singapore, one of the most livable ci es in the world, has developed the Liveable and Sustainable Ci es Framework, focusing on improving the three key aspects mentioned above, with a strong emphasis on the economical aspect.

Educa on was improved alongside with infrastructure, industry and essen al services. Its economy was about people and their livelihood.1

1. The Livability Economy: People, Places and Prosperity, (AARP Programs, 2015)

5

Economic Liveability

3,000,000 Keralites working abroad

9% unemployment rate in Kerala

11.3% of Kerala lives below poverty line

The Informal City ‘There exists an informal city located just beneath and in the inters ces of the formal city, omnipresent in the nooks and crannies of the city.’2 Today, 61% of the world’s employed popula on is part of the informal sector, while the informal economy is growing twice as fast as the formal one.3 What does this mean for the city?

The informal sector regulates and sustains the formal one. Its value stems from being situated beyond state control, its freedom and adaptability. These allow marginalized and underprivileged communi es to survive.4 In order for a city to be liveable, it must offer economic opportuni es for all its ci zens to sustain a living. The informal city is doing just that.

A LIVEABLE CITY IS AN ECONOMICALLY INCLUSIVE CITY

2. Laguerre, Michael, S., The Informal City, (Palgrave Macmillan, 1994) 3. Tackling Vulnerability in the Informal Economy - Most workers in the world s ll go without social protec on <h ps://www.oecd. org/dev/tackling-vulnerability-informal-economy-workers-s ll-without-social-protec on.htm>,[accessed 12 October, 2021] 4. Fischer, Brodwyn and McCann, Bryan and Auyero, Javier, Ci es from Scratch: Poverty and Informality in Urban La n America, (Duke University Press, 2014)

6

Kochi’s Economy

Trade & Fishing Kochi has its roots as a trade centre for the world, having been located on the Silk Route. Its main economic ac vi es have been trade, fishing and spices allowing its ci zens to thrive for centuries. 4 Nowadays, traditional fishing has become an endangered sector of the informal economy due to several factors such as industrialisation, water pollution and overfishing.

Thousands of people are struggling to sustain a living and are at risk of losing the li le income currently generated by the informal ar sanal fishing, while the organised sector is thriving.5 Therefore, it is crucial to foster informality of the fishing sector to thrive, however, mitigating its negative aspects (exploitation, pollu on & mismanagement). (for more info., please refer to appendix A,’Informal Economy’ & ‘Informal City’)

4. Economy, <h p://slbckerala.com/Economy.aspx>,[accessed 18 October, 2021] 5. Problems plaguing Kerala's once-thriving fishing industry, <h ps://economic mes.india mes.com/news/company/ corporate-trends/problems-plaguing-keralas-once-thriving-fishing-industry/ar cleshow/12034928.cms?utm_ source=contentofinterest&utm_medium=text&utm_campaign=cppst>,[accessed 25 November 2021]

7

Industrial Fishing in Kerala

Brief Timeline Kerala has had a culture of seafood consumption for centuries, while the rest of India was not consuming fish due to various religious beliefs; however fish was dried and used as fer lizer.

In the 1950s, India started expor ng dried fish, Kochi being one of the first places to enter the trade.

The government offered subsidies for fisheries to increase produc on for both international and local markets . Seafood export companies were established. Mechanised boats and trawlers were first introduced, together with refrigeration technologies and modern harbours.

Within a few decades, the industrial fishing and climate change began affec ng fish popula on, which in turn has had a nega ve effect on small scale fisheries and tradi onal fishermen. 6 (for more info., please refer to appendix A, ‘Interview with Alex Ninan’ &‘Fishing Sector’ ).

1950

only local consump on

1980 - 1990s

first interna onal exports

first modern fish harbour Cochin Fisheries

gov. subsidies for boats & dwellings

2000s

2022

overfishing COVID-19 affects marine pandemic habitat

financial struggle

ar sanal boats trawling aquaculture 60% decline in tradi onal fishing

6. Kelle , Peter, ‘Cultural values and housing behavior in spontaneous se lements’, in Journal of Architectural and Planning Research, 16(3), (1999)

8

Traditional Fishing Communities

Vaduthala

Marginalisation

Nayarambalam

Traditional fishing communities are spatially and economically marginzalised. They are pushed out to the fringes of the city, despite having a key role in the food supply chain.7 These communities are mainly located North and South of Kochi, in places such as Vypin (Nayarambalam, Edavanakkad), Chellanam, Aroor and Kadamakkudy. O en, access to local markets is impeded due to poor connec vity.

They travel long distances (up to three hours) via boat to loca ons where fish is s ll available, placing a financial burden on their families due to rising cost of fuel. Government subsidies are generally not enough to cover transport costs and equipment maintenance. O en mes, due to poor equipment used, fishermen return home empty-handed.

Vallarpadam

Vypin

54 400 fisherfolk in fishing allied ac vi es, Kochi

21 fishing villages, Kochi Fishermen Colony

4.5 average family size

544 000 tonnes of fish caught per year, Kerala Mundamveli

Fisherfolk houses are modest, situated in areas with high flood risk, such as Chellanam. In some cases, families struggle to upgrade their home from a Pucca house to a Kutcha house.8,9

Kalluchira Edakochi

(for more info., please refer to appendix A, 'Stakeholder Interviews' & ‘Informal se lements of fisherpeople’) Chellanam Aroor Kumbalangi

7. Kelle 8. Lobe, Kenton and Berkes, Fikret, ‘The Padu System of Community-Based Fisheries Management: Change and Local Ins tu onal Innova on in South India’ in Marine Policy, 28(2004) 9. Santha, Sunil, D., ‘Adapta on to coastal hazards the livelihood struggles of a fishing community in Kerala, India’ in Disasters, (John Wiley & Sons Ltd, 2004)

9

Kochi’s Main Harbours

Kochi’s Harbours The main two harbours of Kochi are Vypin Harbour and Cochin Fisheries Harbour. The first one hosts smaller catches (brought in by independent fishermen, small and medium sized boats, motorised and non-motorised) while the second receives larger quan es brought in via trawlers.

Main fish species caught mackerel prawns tuna sardines ca ish malabar grouper

10

The Commodity Chain of Seafood

How it Works Locally sourced seafood enters a commodity chain, with two destinations: local markets and interna onal markets.

Artisanal fishermen who use tradi onal methods are only able to catch small quan es and lack a well func oning infrastructure. The catch is landed in the harbour, auc oned, processed in several facili es and sold several mes before reaching consumers. This fish is generally sold by local vendors and in open air markets, as transport is slow and decentralised.

Fish caught by trawling generally follows pre-defined routes, reaching national and internatiaonal consumers. The industrial sector is run by private companies who have established distribu on chains connecting fish to centralized processing facili es and supermarket chains. Refrigerated vehicles and a network of cold stores facilitate this process so that fish preserves freshness and meets interna onal quality standards.10

The following pages present a close-up look into the two harbours, unpacking the elements men oned previously in order to understand the impact on the city.

10. Kerala Marine Fisheries Sta s cs 2015, (Director of Fisheries, Government of Kerala, 2015)

11

Vypin Harbour

Artisanal Boat Non-harmful fishing practices however it has a low produc vity of less than 50kg per day. The catch is kept in buckets or inside the boat un l landing, exposing it to bacteria contamina on.

Landing When reaching the harbour, fish is piled directly on the ground for washing. The waste water tends to remain there throughout the morning, posing a health risk to fish consumers.

There is a lack of sanitary water facili es, restrooms and women’s facili es.

The Auction Middlemen have replaced women in auc on & trade. Middlemen bid on behalf of shop owners or for re-sale; profits are shared by boat owners and fishermen. Their high fees mean low income for fishermen: variable prices based on daily factors.

Pre-Processing Women are mainly involved in pre-processing. Washing and peeling o en take place in or close to the harbour, in less sanitary sanitary environments or even on the ground.

12

Traditional Fishing

Ice-making Ice is created in ice plants around the harbour; it is transported using barrows to the harbour, where it is crushed and stored in plas c crates.

Distribution Fish is taken to shops or pre-processing centres in places like Aroor or it is sold again on site.

Inadequate non - refrigerated transport vehicles cause fish to lose freshness.

On site Sale On site market stalls, o en the fish products are placed on the ground.

Unsanitary environment - consumer health at risk.

The Market Fish reaches local market stalls by midday. Local markets lack in cold storage facili es, well maintained stalls, restrooms and water facili es.

13

Cochin Fisheries Harbour

Deep-Sea Trawler Overfishing in the industrial sector affects fish popula on and harvest for the en re sector, both formal and informal fishermen, traders and middlemen.

Landing Large quan es of fish reach the harbour trhough deep sea trawling.

The Auction Fish is handled in a similar manner to tradi onal landing centres: waste water mis-management shows signs of informality and lack of regula on.

Distribution Despite the less adequate handling in the harbour, the fish is transported in refrigerated vehicles.

14

Industrial Fishing

The Processing Facility Compliant to high standards such as EU and Japan guidelines.

Pre-processing & Processing Fish is unloaded onto conveyor belt for automated washing. Processing: quality check, peeling & de-heading take place in manual conveyor.

Freezing & packing: all processes take place at temperatures below 4°C.

Storage Deep freezing below -18°C in cold stores in house & along distribu on routes in order to avoid bacteria growth.

The Supermarket Seafood from Kochi reaches consumer in supermarkets world-wide within weeks. Established networks & good marketing within the industrial sector tends to push aside small scale fisheries.

15

On site Findings

Evidence On site visits and conversations with different actors in the fishing industry confirm that the fish handling prac ces are problema c, pu ng local consumers’ health to risk, lowers the thus lower income for fishermen and vendors alike, deepening the economic struggles. (for more info., please refer to appendix B ‘Stakeholder Interviews’)

ar sanal fishermen travel 3 hours & catch less than 50kg / day ar sanal fishermen make 5001000 Rs. profit/day (£5 - £10) boat owners (30%) & middlemen make the most profits trawlers catch up to 40 tonnes per week fish inadequately stored loses quality (needs to be kept at -18 °C) younger genera ons seek employment in other sectors

16

On site Findings

17

Addressing the Main Issues: Abandoning the Trade

Economical issues As industrial fishing gained ground, traditional fishermen became compelled to abandon their craft and work for private companies or seek alterna ve employment in the informal sector. The tradi onal cra of fishing is slowly being lost, together with an ancient knowledge of the sea and the need to protect it.

In order to help fisher communi es sustain a livelihood, the local coopera ves of fishermen across Kochi have teamed up with Matsyafed and Baby Marines International Seafood exports company. Their goal is the establishment of an infrastructure for small fisheries to thrive, preserve the marine habitat and create a quality brand of local sustainable seafood products.

Changes will be made on policy level and on spa al level that would impact the entire fishing sector in Kochi and the way fresh fish is consumed.

18

Addressing the Main Issues: Overfishing

Legal issues In recent years, a decline in fish popula on has been no ced caused by o en illegal ac vi es of industrial trawlers.

To mi gate this, strict regula ons need to be enforced on the current off shore fishing prac ces in regards to the gear used, protected areas and quan es caught. By controlling the ac vi es of large scale actors, the marine habitat and the ecosystem will be be er protected, ensuring fish harvest for future genera ons, thus supporting the economic activities of fishermen and ensuring a local supply of fresh fish.

19

Addressing the Main Issues: Transport

Logistical issues Transportation is a big issue as fishermen don’t have the financial means nor the me to manage the logis c themselves.

Tradi onally, women were involved in transport and trade, but in recent mes, they have been pushed out of the business.

Middlemen took their spot and o en mes exploit fishermen financially. It is a common prac ce for middlemen to underbid for fish in order to make higher profits for themselves, leaving fishermen to scrap a living. Fishermen find themselves needing to take out loans from middlemen, who charge high interest fees, which worsens their financial struggles. (for more info., please refer to appendix B, Stakeholder Interviews)

To address these issues, the scheme aims to replace the middleman, empowering fishermen and street vendors alike, creating an infrastructure that caters to their needs and ensures fast and efficient delivery and storage across Kochi.

20

Addressing the Main Issues: Processing & Selling

Handling issues On site findings reveal issues with the fish handling and processing prac ces, leading to decreased quality of produce.

To address this, awareness needs to be raised about the importance of adequate fish handling in the harbour and during processing; training will be provided to fishermen and harbour workers.

Vypin harbours will be upgraded with improved landing facili es and cold stores will be created to help preserve freshness of produce. Additional standardized processing facili es will be provided for fast handling on site.

Vendors will be supported with improved stalls, adequate storing spaces, fresh water supply and kitchen units to rent as well as an online e-commerce pla orm and an offline market.

21

Urban Strategy: Infrastructure

Proposal As a way to speed up transport on a local level, a rapid delivery system will connect food producers such as fishermen to consumers, in a fast and efficient manner. To achieve this, an electric goods railway prototype called Magway will be implemented to ensure efficient delivery, alleviate traffic conges on and reduce pollu on in the city.

Fresh produce would be transported via rail to one of a series of dark stores across the densely populated Ernakulum. From there, last mile delivery to consumers will be achieved with non polluting vehicles, such as electric scooters and cycles. To support the offline consumers, door to door vendors will be able to collect fresh produce from dark stores and sell it throughout across the chosen neighbourhood.

22

Urban Strategy: E-Commerce

Distribu on Node (fresh produce is collected & stored temporarily)

The products ordered are sent to the local dark store, ready for pick-up & last mile delivery

Customer’s house located within the 10 min radius from the local dark store

Customer’s order in the app

Main Dark Store (collec ng & sor ng the orders, temporary storage &pickup) Vypin Fish Pre-pocessing, Distribu on & Food Hub

Distribu on Node (fresh produce is collected & stored temporarily)

23

Urban Strategy: Catalyst

Vypin Food & Logistics Hub The project is proposing an alternative market model that bypasses the exis ng one, crea ng new opportunities that integrate both physical trade and e-commerce.

The heart of this network will be a food & logis cs hub ensuring the smooth functioning of the entire system.

Here, the back end and the front end of produc on and consump on will meet, allowing visitors to understand the importance of logis cs in the food supply chain.

The Hub will ensure best quality of fresh fish through its pre-processing facili es, welcoming women back in the trade. It will offer opportuni es for a new community social space through its open square & pop-up a ernoon market.

The infrastructure will provide a system for all genera ons, both online and offline that will ensure rapid delivery of fresh locally harvested produce to customers within minutes.

Vypin Food & Logis cs Hub

24

Urban Strategy: E-Commerce & Dark Stores

Main dark store of Ernakulam

25

Local dark stores

Site Analysis

Vypin Pallippuram Rd. connec ng to Northen Vypin and Edavanakad fisheries & local food producers.

Rickshaw sta on, pick-up loca on for commuters

Street food vendors , mainly snacks, a ract customers in a rush: ‘drive thru’ type of ac vity Bus stop, pick-up / drop-off loca on for commuters Undeveloped site; storage of equipment takes place. Poten al expansion site for the proposal.

Le Mari me Hotel, disconnected in terms of func on to the rest of the site. Opportunity to create a link between the hotel & the proposed hub.

Vypin Fishing Harbour, morning landing in the artisanal sector.

Local improvements needed e.g. the addi on of a fish auc oning pla orm.

26

Opportunities & Contraints

Kalamukku Fishing Harbour, morning landing of catches in the ar sanal sector. Local improvements needed such as the addition of a fish auc oning pla orm.

Seafront, opportunity for both u litarian purpuses such as landing fish as well as recrea on purposes.

How could the two meet?

The chosen site is currently used as a vehicle park & a sor ng area for middlemen purchasing fish from the two harbours. It is a vibrant place during morning, containing the esxchange of goods, packing & cooling of fish. A erhours, the site is underused. Opportunity to ac vate its poten al and cater to the logis c needs.

Lack of res ng areas for fishermen & harbour workers.

Goshree Rd. is the main route connecting Vypin Island to Ernakulam. Opportunity to a ract visitors from Ernakulam

27

Fish Landing Timeline

28

Fish Landing Timeline

29

On Site Activities

Observations The area around Vypin harbour and Goshree Road is buzzing during morning hours. Fishermen, vendors, middlemen, traders, drivers, boat owners and customers perform their economic ac vi es informally.

The street scape is shaped by their vending stalls, crates, cooking equipment, barrows, sea ng spaces and rickshaws.

6.

7.

1.

3.

2.

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

30

On Site Activities

6.

8.

9.

4.

5.

31

10.

7.

8.

9.

10.

Moments of Kochi & India

Observations In designing the proposal, local habits and particularities are taken into considera on, imagining spaces that would foster these moment. During the unit study trip, certain aspects of urban life have been noted. The following ac vi es are unique to the Kochi (or Indian) context.

Snack bars: passers-by stop for a quick bite and a shot of tea standing around an U shaped bar.

Manek Chowk Food Market, Ahmedabad: urban square in the old town. During day me, a ca le market. At night it gets flooded with life, long tables are layed out making it feel like a celebra on

Fishermen res ng place a er a long day at sea. They rest on the beach, playing cards and drinking. Vypin Harbours lack such spaces.

32

Moments of Kochi

Simplicity of women’s harbour work.

Perhaps this environment could become more pleasant.

33

Pop-up stalls & vendors attract people and spark interac ons. They make the city more liveable.

Some vendors prefer to stroll the city, selling products door to door, almost like a precursor of home delivery. They would greatly benefit from having access to fresh products in their neighbourhood.

Integration on Site: Proposal

Programme The proposal acts both as an extension to Vypin Harbours as well as an interven on aiming to re-establish community bonds through the enjoyment of local products. The site has chosen for its strategic loca on between Vypin Harbour and Goshree Road, facilita ng access and adding key facili es.

During morning hours, the ground floor square is dedicated to logis cs, allowing the flow of vehicles and the fish trade in a vast open space, shaded by folding umbrellas, providing res ng areas for traders and drivers. The fish is cleaned and prepared for sale mainly by fisher-women who are welcomed back in the industry. Facili es such as a crèche, play-space for children and changing rooms are created to support female workers.

In the afternoon, the square becomes something different, similar to Manek Chowk Market. A vibrant pop-up food market unfolds, delicious street food and folding furniture replace the heavy vehicles and raw fish.

34

Integration on Site: Key Spaces

Logis cs

Market

Processing Site plan, 1:1250

35

Vypin Food, Processing & Distribution Hub

36

Vypin Food, Processing & Distribution Hub

37

Morning: Fish Distribution & Pre-Processing

38

Morning: Fish Distribution & Pre-Processing

39

Activities & Movement: Morning Fish Distribution & Pre-Processing

06:00 ice making

08:10 temporary fish store 07:00 - 12:00 nursery for staff ’s infants

06:30 staff chaning

07:45 fish washing

08:20 fruits&vegs sor ng

08:30 - 14:30 training & well-being

07:20 fish sor ng 08:20 fish pickup 08:00 fruits&vegs unloading 11:30 waste collec on

08:30 vendors ice packing 07:00 fish unloading

07:00 - 12:00 res ng area

07:00 - 11:00 crate store 07:00 - 12:00 informal trade

12:00 - 13:00 washing & dying up 07:00 - 12:00 vehicle wai ng

08:30 - 20:00 snacking

08:30 cooking fish 08:30 - 20:00 snacking 09:00 first customers

Ground floor plan, 1:500

40

Fish Unloading

Main square view

41

The Pre-Processing facility: Flow of Fish

pickup area

conveyor belt to first floor washing area

conveyor belts to first floor

sor ng area

unloading area

unloading area

Ground floor plan, 1:250

orders sor ng

packing area

packing area loading area

magway fast delivery system

fish & seafood area fruits & vegs area

Upper floor plan, 1:250

42

The Pre-processing Facility

View inside the fish pre-processing facility

43

Activities & Movement: Morning Fish Flow

4.

6.

1.

2.

08:20 vegs & fruits packing

08:20 fish packing

3.

5.

8:30 loading

Legend

7.

8.

1. fish packing 2. temporary cold store 3. loading area 4. vegs & fruits packing 5. train control & technical room 6. plant room 7. magway railway 8. office

Upper floor plan, 1:500

44

Fish Loading for Distribution

View of upper floor loading bay

45

Morning: Activities Timeline

08:20 08:30 fish packing fish loading

07:45 fish washing

07:20 fish sor ng

07:00 - 12:00 12:00 - 13:00 14:00 - 22:00 22:00 - 23:00 informal trade washing & pop-up washing & dying up market & dying up tasty dishes served

07:00 fish unloading

Site sec on, 1:250

46

Morning: Activities Timeline

07:00 - 12:00 vehicle wai ng

47

8:30 - 20:00 snacking

13:30 - 21:00 tasty dishes prepared

Afternoon: Pop-up Market

48

Afternoon: Pop-up Market

49

Activities & Movement: Afternoon Pop-up Market

23:00 waste collec on

13:00 - 13:30 se ng up stalls

22:00 - 23:00 washing & dying up

14:00 - 22:00 social space / community events 14:30 - 21:30 dining together

14:00 - 21:00 tasty dishes served

08:30 - 20:00 snacking

13:30 - 21:00 tasty dishes prepared 8:30 - 20:00 snacking

14:00 first customers arrive

Ground floor plan, 1:500

50

Kitchen Units & Market

View from Goshree Road

51

The Scheme

Roof plan, 1:500

52

The Scheme: Ground Floor Spaces

14.

7.

1.

16.

7.

1.

10.

16.

6.

11.

15.

3.

4.

9.

14.

8.

Legend

17.

5.

5.

1. vehicle access 2. vehicle parking 3. traders storage 4. ice plant 5. un-loading area 6. fish pre-processing 7. upward transport 8. fish pickup 9. vegs & fruits sor ng 10. creche 11. plant room 12. waste room 13. storage vednors 14. female toilets 15. male toilets 16. staff changing rooms 17. training hub 18. recep on 19. kitchen units

15.

12.

13.

13.

2.

18.

2.

19.

1.

1.

Ground floor plan, 1:500

53

Goshree Road Elevation

Recep on & office

Kitchen units

SEFAR Folding Umbrellas

Fish pre-processing & distribu on facility

Eleva on view, 1:250

54

Goshree Road Elevation

Access to Kalamukku Harbour

55

Loading bay: Magway rail

Fruits & vegs distribu on facility

Train control & tech room

Elevation towards Kalamukku Harbour

Pedestrian access to main square & Goshree Road

Staircase to upper floor

Magway train

Access to main square & Goshree Road

Eleva on, 1:250

56

Elevation towards Kalamukku Harbour

Staff hallway

57

Access to main square & Goshree Road

Plant rooms

Vypin Food & Logistics Hub

Aerial view: Vypin Food&Logis cs Hub & Magway System

58

Vypin Food & Logistics Hub

Aerial view: Vypin Food&Logis cs Hub & Mar me Hotel (right)

59

Impact

Urban Level health safety of fresh fish products assured 70 jobs created for women in the seafood sector 30 tonnes of fish saved per week 300 transport & logis cs jobs created 90 administra ve jobs created 110 vending spots in the new neighbourhood square within Vypin Food & Logis cs Hub 14 dark stores created in Phase I opportunity for 23 dark stores to be created in Phase II and Phase III trawler fishing reduced by 25% and tradi onal fishing equipment upgraded income of tradi onal fishermen raised by 60% in 20 months 4000 fishermen received training in fish handling within first 12 months traffic and conges on in Ernakulam has been reduced by 5% due to the railway. new public project to subs tute more urban goods transport with electric overground rail lines empowerment of fisher women workers has been a catalyst for women empowerment ini a ves in other economic sectors

A LIVEABLE CITY IS AN ECONOMICALLY INCLUSIVE CITY

60

Vypin Food & Logistics Hub

Aerial view from Goshree Rd. & Vypin Pallippuram Rd. Junc on

61

Bibliography

A review of export supply chains Kerala, (South India Federa on of Fishermen Socie es, 2002) Allen, Peter, M., Ci es and Regions as Self-organizing Systems: Models of Complexity, (Gordon and Breach Science Publishers, 1997) anonymous author, ‘Religious Iden ty at the Crossroads: Hindu Fisherfolk of Kerala’ in Economic & Poli cal Weekly, 16(2018) Balancing tradi on with tourism: The local fishing community in Fort Kochi – A photo essay, <h ps://casistudentprograms.com/2019/10/04/balancing-tradi on-with-tourism-the-local-fishing-community-in-fort-kochi-a-photo-essay/> , [accessed 13 November 2021] Buckley, Michelle, ‘From Kerala to Dubai and back again: Construc on migrants and the global economic crisis’, in Geoforum, 43, (2012) Burde , Ricky and Sudjic, Deyan, The Endless City: The Urban Age Project by the London School of Economics and Deutsche Bank's Alfred Herrhausen Society, (Phaidon Press, 2010) Butler, Chris, Henri Lefebvre: Spa al Poli cs, Everyday Life and the Right to the City, (Taylor & Francis, 2012) Central Marine Fisheries Research Ins tute, < h ps://www.cmfri.org.in/>,[accessed 13 November 2021] Economy of Kerala, <h ps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Kerala>; [accessed 21 October 2021] Edwin, Leela and Sankar, T. V. and Pillai, Devika, Tradi onal Knowledge and Management Systems in Fisheries, (Society of Fisheries Technologists India, 2019) Environmental pollu on, <h ps://publica ons.parliament.uk/pa/cm201719/cmselect/cmenvaud/981/98105.htm>,[accessed 23 November 2021] Fischer, Brodwyn and McCann, Bryan and Auyero, Javier, Ci es from Scratch: Poverty and Informality in Urban La n America, (Duke University Press, 2014) Fisheries Sector under Severe Crisis, <h ps:// mesofindia.india mes.com/city/kochi/fisheries-sector-reeling-under-severe-crisis/ar cleshow/86406409.cms>,[accessed 15 November 2021] For Kochi, past and present make the future perfect,<h ps://www.fortuneindia.com/macro/for-kochi-past-and-present-make-the-future-perfect/105350>,[accessed 07 November, 2021] George, Ann, ‘Explica ng the Capability Approach through the Voices of the Poor: A Case Study of Waste-picking Women in Kerala’, in Journal of Human Development and Capabili es, 16 (1), (2015) George, Jus ne, An Assessment of Inclusiveness in the Urban Agglomera on of Kochi City: The need for a change in approach of urban planning, (Dept. of Economics, St Paul’s College, Kalamassery 2016) Ghosh, Jaya , What is an informal economy and should we formalise all informal work? <h ps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xofWz_jffZQ&ab_channel=RethinkingEconomics> [accessed 13 October 2021] Gillard, Ross and Datley, Abhijit, 'Resilient and affordable housing for all: Lessons on house building from Kochi and Trivandrum, India' in Coali on for Urban Transi on Gray, Tim and Thomson, Kaleekal, ‘From community based to co-management: Improvement or deteriora on in fisheries governance in the Cherai Poyil fishery in the Cochin Estuary, Kerala, India’, in Marine Policy, 33(4), (2009) Gross value added from the fishing and aquaculture industry in India from financial year 2012 to 2019, <h ps://www.sta sta.com/sta s cs/912000/india-economic-contribu on-of-fishing-and-aquaculture-industry/>,[accessed 13 November 2021] Hapke, Holly and Ayyankeril, Devan, ‘Gendered livelihoods in the global fish-food economy: a compara ve study of three fisherfolk communi es in Kerala, India,’ in Mari me Studies, 17, (2018) How India’s informal economy is shrinking, and why that’s good news in the long term, <h ps://theprint.in/ilanomics/how-indias-informal-economy-is-shrinking-and-why-thats-good-news-in-the-long-term/761659/>,[accessed 13 November 2021] How Seafood is Caught: Bo om Trawling, <h ps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BcJFSl_YJHk&ab_channel=SeafoodWatch>,[accessed 25 November 2021] India: Degree of urbaniza on from 2010 to 2020, <h ps://www.sta sta.com/sta s cs/271312/urbaniza on-in-india/>,[accessed 13 November 2021] India: Popula on growth from 2010 to 2020, < h ps://www.sta sta.com/sta s cs/271308/popula on-growth-in-india/>,[accessed 13 November 2021] India: Unemployment rate from 1999 to 2020, <h ps://www.sta sta.com/sta s cs/271330/unemployment-rate-in-india/> [accessed 18 October 2021] India’s 2019 coastal regula on law ignored 90% of the objec ons made to the dra , <h ps://scroll.in/ar cle/954402/indias-2019-coastal-regula on-law-ignored-90-of-the-objec ons-made-to-the-dra >,[accessed 23 November 2021] Informal Economy, <h ps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Informal_economy >,[accessed 10 November 2021] Interna onal Literacy Day 2021: 10 Indian States, Union Territories with Highest Literacy Rates, <h ps://www.news18.com/news/educa on-career/interna onal-literacy-day-2021-10-indian-states-union-territories-with-highest-literacy-rates-4175855.html>, [accessed 19 November 2021] Intro To Systems Thinking, <h ps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6Qqc3gL3oHE&t=432s&ab_channel=Actualized.org >, [accessed 21 October 2021] Jenks, Mike and Burton, Elizabeth and Williams Ka e, Achieving Sustainable Urban Form, (Taylor & Francis, 2013) Kelle , Peter, ‘Cultural values and housing behavior in spontaneous se lements’, in Journal of Architectural and Planning Research, 16(3), (1999) Kerala Marine Fisheries Sta s cs 2010, (Director of Fisheries, Government of Kerala, 2010) Kerala Marine Fisheries Sta s cs 2015, (Director of Fisheries, Government of Kerala, 2015)

62

Bibliography

Kerala Sustainable Urban Development Project, (Government of Kerala, Local Self Government Department, 2005) Kinsey, Jean and Buhr, Brian, E-commerce: A New Business Model for the Food Supply/Demand Chain, (University of Minnesota Twin Ci es, 2004) Laguerre, Michael, S., The Informal City, (Palgrave Macmillan, 1994) Lobe, Kenton and Berkes, Fikret, ‘The padu system of community-based fisheries management: change and local ins tu onal innova on in south India’ in Marine Policy, 28(2004) Loukaitou-Sideris, Anastasia and Mukhija, Vinit, The informal American City: Beyond Taco Trucks and Day Labor, in Journal of the American Planning Associa on Mondal, Sanaul, Urban informal economy in Bangladesh: A Case Study on a Mobile Vegetable Vendor in Dhaka City, in The Qualita ve Report, 22(11) (2017) More than 60 per cent of the world’s employed popula on are in the informal economy, <h ps://www.ilo.org/global/about-the-ilo/newsroom/news/WCMS_627189/lang--en/index.htm#:~:text=employed%20popula on%20...-,More%20than%2060%20per%20cent%20of%20the%20world's%20employed%20popula on,work%20and%20 decent%20working%20condi ons>,[accessed 07 October 2021] Mullan, Joel, ‘Barriers to skills development in India’s informal economy’ in Interna onal Journal of Training Research, 18 (2020) Number of fishing villages across India in 2020, by state, <h ps://www.sta sta.com/sta s cs/734309/number-of-fishing-villages-by-state-india/>,[accessed 13 November 2021] Prakash, B., A., Urban Unemployment: A Study of Kochi, Department of Economics, (University of Kerala, 2001) Problems plaguing Kerala's once-thriving fishing industry, <h ps://economic mes.india mes.com/news/company/corporate-trends/problems-plaguing-keralas-once-thriving-fishing-industry/ar cleshow/12034928.cms?utm_source=contentofinterest&utm_medium=text&utm_campaign=cppst>,[accessed 25 November 2021] Ramachandran, V. K., ‘Economic planning in Kerala’, in Cri cal Asian Studies, 50 (1), (2018) ‘Religious Iden ty at the Crossroads: Hindu Fisherfolk of Kerala’ in Economic & Poli cal Weekly, 16, (2018) Roka, Krishna, Liveable City: Towards Economic, Social, Cultural, and Environmental Well-being, (Department of Sociology, Winona State University, 2019) Roy, Ananya, ‘Why India Cannot Plan Its Ci es: Informality, Insurgence and the Idiom of Urbaniza on’, in Planning Theory, 8(1), (2009) Saglio-Yatzimirsky, Marie-Caroline, Dharavi From Mega-Slum to Urban Paradigm, (London: Routledge India, 2021) Santha, Sunil, D., ‘Adapta on to coastal hazards the livelihood struggles of a fishing community in Kerala, India’ in Disasters, (John Wiley & Sons Ltd, 2004) Scior no, J. A., and Ravikumar, R., Fishery Harbour Manual on the Preven on of Pollu on, (Bay of Bengal Programme, 1999) SEWA: Impact of Coronavirus on the Informal Economy, (WIEGO, 2021) Terah, Sportel, ‘Agency within a socially regulated labour market: A study of ‘unorganised’ agricultural labour in Kerala’, in Geoforum, 47, (2013) The Livability Economy: People, Places and Prosperity, (AARP Programs, 2015) The proposed changes to the Coastal Regula on Zone No fica on of 2019, <h ps://www.theleaflet.in/proposed-amendments-to-the-crz-no fica on-2019-and-its-implica ons/>,[accessed 23 November 2021] ‘The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture’, in Sustainability in Ac on, Rome, (2020) Cold Stores, Ernakulam<h ps://www.napanta.com/cold-storage/kerala/ernakulam>,[accessed 15 January 2022] This Fisherman Is Ba ling the Government to Save His Livelihood, <h ps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H3Ck-1SMfyU&ab_channel=CauseofAc onIns tute>,[accessed 25 November 2021] Tinu, K., Mathew, Role of Social Movements in Organising the Unorganised Sector Workers: A Case Study of Learn, Dharavi, (Tata Ins tute of Social Sciences, 2008) Top 10 fishing na ons worldwide in 2018 (in million metric tons), <h ps://www.sta sta.com/sta s cs/240225/leading-fishing-na ons-worldwide-2008/>,[accessed 13 November 2021] Unemployment in Kerala, <h ps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unemployment_in_Kerala >[accessed 13 November 2013] Vibrant local economy key to Kerala's revival,<h ps://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/2021/dec/03/vibrant-local-economy-key-to-keralas-revival-2391104.html>,[accessed 07 November, 2021] Waite, Louise, ‘Kerala’s Informal Labour Market Interven ons: From Work to Well-Being?’ in Economic and Poli cal Weekly, 36(26), (2001) Waste recycling in Kochi, <h p:// mesofindia.india mes.com/ar cleshow/80679981.cms?utm_source=contentofinterest&utm_medium=text&utm_campaign=cppst >, [accessed 12 November 2021] What is a Kutcha House?, <h ps://housing.com/news/kutcha-house/ >, [accessed 15 November 2021] Young, Liam, Machine Landscapes: Architectures of the Post Anthropocene, (Wiley, 2019)

63